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Ukuqhathwa kwiMfazwe yaseYugoslavia.

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Baphulaphuli abathandekayo, kule documentary ilandelayo
sinika ingxelo ngokuqhathwa kwimfazwe yaseYugoslavia.

4
00:00:16,753 --> 00:00:23,215
Ingaba ukuqhambuka kwezidubedube zoluntu, okufana nezo ezenzeka
ngoku eMacedonia okanye ezo zenzeka eYugoslavia ngeminyaka

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yoo-1990, ngaba zivela ngokwazo ngenene, oko
kukuthi, ngenxa yokungonwabi kwabantu,

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njengoko kuboniswa ngamajelo eendaba aphambili?

7
00:00:30,646 --> 00:00:36,119
Okanye ikhona na icebo elikrelekrele eliyilwe
ngabacebi-maqhinga behlabathi elingasemva kwayo?

8
00:00:36,119 --> 00:00:42,791
Kudliwano-ndlebe lomhla wama-24 Matshi 2017, uWilly Wimmer,
owayesakuba nguNobhala weLizwe wePalamente kuMphathiswa

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wezoKhuselo weNgingqi yaseJamani, ubonisa ukufana
okucacileyo phakathi kweengxabano zanamhlanje nemfazwe

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00:00:48,825 --> 00:00:52,873
yaseYugoslavia, eyaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

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00:00:52,873 --> 00:00:59,559
Uqukumbela ngelithi: "Sibaxokiswa kakhulu
ngurhulumente ngenxa yezinto eziluncedo kwi-NATO."

12
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Into eyenziwa ngurhulumente womdibaniso ukusukela
ngo-1999 nemfazwe echasene neYugoslavia: kukukhohlisa

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abantu baseJamani ukusuka kwingxabano enye ukuya kwenye.

14
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Bafowethu noodade, uWilly Wimmer
ufika njani kwizivakalisi ezingaka?

15
00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:18,976
Ukuze sifumanise, siza kuphonononga
amaqhinga abadlali bechess behlabathi jikelele

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sisebenzisa iMfazwe yaseYugoslavia njengomzekelo.

17
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Isizathu sokulwa imfazwe: Intlekele ekuthiwa yeyoluntu:

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NgoMatshi ka-1999, iJamani yathatha inxaxheba emfazweni okokuqala
kwisithuba seminyaka engama-50, kanye imfazwe

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yeNATO yokuhlasela iYugoslavia yangaphambili,
nto leyo eyayichasene nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

20
00:01:40,786 --> 00:01:45,600
Umkhosi womoya we-NATO uwisele iibhombu ezili-14,000 eYugoslavia.

21
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Ukuze bamangalele umbango kuluntu,
oosopolitiki bathi kwakusenzeka intlekele yabantu.

22
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Oku kuphela kunokupheliswa 'yimfazwe yesisa'.

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Noko ke, uJochen Scholz, owayelilungu
eliphezulu lomkhosi womoya we-NATO waza waba

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ngumlweli woxolo, wayiphikisa ngamandla le ngxelo.

25
00:02:06,420 --> 00:02:12,871
Uqaphele ukuba imfazwe yomoya yayisele
icwangcisiwe ngo-1998. Kwaye oku kwenzeka nangona,

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ngokwengxelo ye-OSCE, kwakungekho ntlekele yabantu.

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I-OSCE yi-Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

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Kodwa ke, ibiyintoni imfazwe? NgokukaScholz,
indawo yaseYugoslavia ekuhlaleni yayithetha ukuba

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ukwandiswa kwe-EU ne-NATO ngasempuma kwakusecwangcini.

30
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UNorma Brown, idiplomathi yaseMelika
kwi-OSCE, uyishwankathelele ngokufutshane:

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Inyaniso yeyokuba, wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba intlekele
yobuntu ibiya kwenzeka kuphela ukuba i-NATO ibiqhushumbisa!

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Isivumelwano somkhankaso wonyulo
phakathi kukaGerhard Schröder noBill Clinton:

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NgokukaLieutenant Colonel Jochen Scholz omthathile
umhlalaphantsi, umgqatswa wobuchansela uGerhard Schröder waya

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eUnited States ekuqaleni kwehlobo lowama-1998
ngexesha lephulo lakhe lonyulo waza wathetha

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noMongameli wase-US uBill Clinton malunga neKosovo.

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Apho, kwaxoxwa ngemfazwe eyayicwangcisiwe eYugoslavia kunye
nokubandakanyeka kwezomkhosi kweJamani phantsi koSchröder.

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NgokukaScholz, abancedisi bephulo lokunyulwa
kwaseMelika bathunyelwa kuGerhard Schröder ukuze

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bamncedise ukuba aphumelele unyulo njengoTshansela weLizwe.

39
00:03:27,580 --> 00:03:36,960
Kwakufuneka kutshintshwe urhulumente kuba uHelmut Kohl
wayengayi kuvuma ukuba iJamani ithathe inxaxheba emfazweni.

40
00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:41,873
Imibango yamanga kaMphathiswa baseJamani uScharping noFischer:

41
00:03:41,873 --> 00:03:47,200
Urhulumente waseJamani wayefuna
ukwamkelwa luluntu ukuze angene emfazweni.

42
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UMphathiswa wezoKhuselo uScharping kunye
noMphathiswa weMicimbi yezaNgaphandle uFischer

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bayivuselele le nto ngobuqhetseba bepropaganda.

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00:03:53,340 --> 00:04:01,360
Bade baxhumnisa imeko yaseKosovo kwimbali yamaNazi aseJamani,
ngaloo ndlela bebetha amaJamani kanye apho kubuhlungu khona.

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00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:09,360
Balahlekisa uluntu ngamabali oyikekayo 'ngokucocwa
kwezizwe' eSerbia kunye nengxilimbela ePristina.

46
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Uphando olwenziwe kwindawo yeziganeko ziintatheli u-Angerer
no-Werth, kunye negeneral yaseJamani nomsebenzi we-OSCE uHeinz

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00:04:16,109 --> 00:04:20,540
Loquai, lutyhilile ukuba ezi zinto zaziyintlekisa ngokupheleleyo.

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Kwakukho ukulwa kuphela phakathi komkhosi
waseYugoslavia namacandelo ezomkhosi aseAlbania.

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Nangona kunjalo, ipropaganda yemfazwe kaScharping
noFischer yaphumelela ekweyiseleni uluntu ukuba luxhase

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inkululeko "kuzinzo" ezenziwe ngamaSerbhi ngemfazwe.

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Isithethi se-NATO uJamie Shea uthe: "Ukuba besiphulukene noluvo
loluntu eJamani, besiya kuphulukana nalo kuyo yonke le manyano."

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Ii-arhente ze-PR zilungiselele imfazwe
kwilizwe elalifudula liyiYugoslavia:

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Incwadi ethi Operation Balkan: Advertising War and Death, ebhalwe
nguJörg Becker noMira Beham, ibonisa indlela ii-arhente zaseMelika

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00:05:04,169 --> 00:05:11,873
ze-PR ezazisebenzisa amajelo eendaba ngayo ukudala iinkolelo
ezingeyonyani ngabaphikisi ngexesha leMfazwe yaseYugoslavia.

55
00:05:11,873 --> 00:05:20,175
Inkampani enamandla yaseMelika iRuder Finn, umzekelo,
yasebenzela amaqela amathathu alwa ngaxeshanye: ubunkokeli

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00:05:20,175 --> 00:05:24,939
baseCroatia, baseBosnia kunye nabaseAlbaniya baseKosovo.

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00:05:24,939 --> 00:05:32,930
Umsebenzi wawukubonisa amaSerb njengabatyali
nabahlaseli bodwa, ngelixa amaCroat, amaSilamsi aseBosnia kunye

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nama-Albania aseKosovo eboniswa kuphela njengamaxhoba.

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Ngepropaganda yayo ethi "ngamaSerb abanoxanduva",
eli gunya lalilungiselela uluntu lwaseNtshona imfazwe.

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00:05:45,406 --> 00:05:51,739
UMlawuli we-Arhente uJames Harff.
"Sakwazi ukulinganisa amaSerb namaNazi."

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00:05:51,739 --> 00:05:57,172
Kwathí phantse kwangoko emva koko, amajelo eendaba aqalisa
ukusebenzisa ulwimi olwahlukileyo, kunye namagama

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afana nokucocwa kobuhlanga, iinkampu zokuxinana, njl.,
adityaniswa nemifanekiso yeJamani yamaNazi ne-Auschwitz.

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00:06:03,152 --> 00:06:11,960
Akukho mntu wayesakwazi ukuyichasa ngaphandle kokutyholwa
ngokuzama ukuguqula imbali. Saphumelela ngokupheleleyo.

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Ukwanda kolwamano okulawulwayo kwenza kwaba nesizathu
ukungenelela koMkhosi waseMelika kwingingqi yaseBalkans.

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Imfazwe kwakudala iYugoslavia ivuselwe ngurhulumente waseMelika:

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IYugoslavia eyayixhasa iRashiya yaphazanyiswa ngamandla aseNtshona
yaza yahlulwa yaba ngamazwe asixhenxe azimeleyo: iSlovenia,

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iCroatia, iBosnia, iSerbia, iMontenegro, iKosovo neMacedonia.

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Ngokuphemba ungquzulwano lwezizwe ngaphakathi,
amaqela ezizwe ahlukeneyo akhokelwa

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kwiingxwabangxwaba ezintsha ezixhobileyo ngeminyaka yoo-1990.

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URobert Baer, owayesakuba yi-arhente ye-CIA, inkonzo yobuntlola
yangaphandle yase-US, uthe: "Injongo yephropaganda

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yayikukwahlula iirepublics zaseYugoslavia ukuze zikwazi
ukuzahlula kwilizwe elikhulu zize zibe ngamazwe azimeleyo."

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Konke ebesikufuna yayikukuthwala isikhundla
sokubekwa ityala ngayo yonke into, kuquka imfazwe

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nogonyamelo. I-Serbia yakhethwa kule ndima...'

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00:07:15,846 --> 00:07:25,560
Igosa laseBritane uJohn Crosland watsho
wathi: "Uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaxhasa i-KLA."

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00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:31,863
UMongameli waseMelika uBill Clinton, iNtumwa yaseMelika uRichard
Holbrooke kunye noMphathiswa Wezangaphandle

76
00:07:31,863 --> 00:07:39,913
waseMelika uMadeleine Albright babe bagqibe
kwelokuba kuza kubakho utshintsho kulawulo eSerbia ...

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00:07:39,913 --> 00:07:46,928
Iingxabano zemfazwe ebezisiya phambili phakathi kwamaqela
eentlanga ekugqibeleni zanika i-United States isizathu

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sokuhlasela kwe-NATO eSerbia, nto leyo eyaphula umthetho wamazwe
ngamazwe, kunye nokugxothwa koMongameli uSlobodan Milošević.

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00:07:55,446 --> 00:08:04,913
Owayesakuba yiarhente ye-CIA uRobert Baer wacela
uxolo kubantu baseYugoslavia emva kokuba ilizwe lahlulwa:

80
00:08:04,913 --> 00:08:09,233
Libala ngelixa elidlulileyo, kuba
laliqulunqwe kwaye lalingeyonyani.

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00:08:09,233 --> 00:08:12,900
Wawusetyenziswa nje, baza bafumana oko babezifunela.

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00:08:12,900 --> 00:08:17,220
Kodwa akufuneki niqhubeke nokugcina
iimvakalelo zentiyo omnye komnye ngenxa yale nto!

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00:08:17,220 --> 00:08:25,713
Kufuneka ubonise ukuba uyakwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu koku
kwaye uyaqonda ukuba ngubani kanye kanye onesono ngale meko!

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Ndingathanda ukunibonela uxolo ngokunyanisekileyo nonke!

85
00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:37,380
Utshintsho lukarhulumente eYugoslavia oluxhaswe ngemali
ngokubambisana neSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle lase-US:

86
00:08:37,380 --> 00:08:43,444
Utshintsho lukarhulumente ngo-2000 kwindawo eyayifudula
iyiYugoslavia ngomnye wemizekelo emininzi yendlela iSebe

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00:08:43,444 --> 00:08:48,859
leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle lase-US elibandakanyeka
ngayo ekutshintsheni iirhulumente nasekubahlaniseni

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ngokusebenzisa ezi zinhlangano kuthiwa zii-NGOs.

89
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Intshukumo yabafundi i-"Otpor", eyasekwa
njengombutho wokuchasa, yayisisikhwezeli esakhuthaza abantu

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baseYugoslavia ukuba bachase uMongameli uMilošević.

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Abafundi be-"Otpor" bavusa iimvakalelo
ezichasene nomongameli waseYugoslavia, umzekelo

92
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ngokupeyinta imibhalo eludongeni kwisiqingatha seBelgrade.

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00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:20,700
UMilošević wayebekwa ityala ngeemfazwe
zaseBalkan kunye nemeko yezomnotho eyayiyintlekele.

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Izenzo ze-Otpor zafumana ingqwalasela enkulu kumajelo eendaba.

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00:09:26,526 --> 00:09:34,740
Ngenxa yokukhuthazwa yi-Otpor, phantse abantu abangama-100,000
bahlangana eBelgrade ukuze baqhankqalazele umongameli.

96
00:09:34,740 --> 00:09:40,000
Babephethe iiplakathi ngobuninzi, bekhwaza
isiqubulo esithi: "Ugqityiwe yena (uMilošević)!"

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00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:46,806
I-Otpor yayixhaswa ngemali ngamaqumrhu
ahlukeneyo angengowakauradi afana ne-NDI kunye ne-NED.

98
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I-NED ixhaswa ngemali ikakhulu
liSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle lase-US.

99
00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:59,440
Ngo-6 Okthobha 2000, uMilošević warhoxa esihlalweni.

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Injongo nesiphumo semfazwe:

101
00:10:02,860 --> 00:10:11,614
Ngenxa yemfazwe, isiseko sesibini ngobukhulu somkhosi
wase-US eYurophu sasekwa eKosovo – iCamp Bondsteel,

102
00:10:11,614 --> 00:10:16,633
enamazinkulungwane amajoni kwindawo eyi-386 yehektare.

103
00:10:16,633 --> 00:10:23,567
Ngokubakho kwabo kwezomkhosi kummandla obalulekileyo
ngokobuchule, i-USA yaqinisekisa ulawulo phezu kweendlela

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00:10:23,567 --> 00:10:29,115
ezinokubakho zeepayipi zokuthutha i-oyile
negesi ezivela kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMpuma, kunye

105
00:10:29,115 --> 00:10:33,313
nokuxhatshazwa kwezorhwebo kwezibonelelo zemigodi.

106
00:10:33,313 --> 00:10:41,439
UMphathi-jikelele waseBritane uMichael Jackson, umphathi wokuqala
woMkhosi waseKosovo (KFOR) okhokelwa yi-NATO, uthe:

107
00:10:41,439 --> 00:10:51,166
"Ngokuqinisekileyo siza kuhlala apha ixesha elide ukuqinisekisa
ukhuseleko lweendlela zamandla ezidlula eMacedonia."

108
00:10:51,166 --> 00:10:58,539
Ekupheleni kwe-documentary yethu malunga nokuqhathwa ngexesha
leMfazwe yaseYugoslavia, sijonga impendulo kaWilly Wimmer

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kumbuzo wokuba singenzeni ngeenyaniso zemfazwe ezisazulazula:

110
00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:05,913
Okuseleyo ligama.

111
00:11:05,913 --> 00:11:13,040
Kanye njengokuba amagama enokubangela
imfazwe nentshabalalo, anokuzithintela kananjalo.

112
00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:18,626
Nantoni na ebangela ukwahlukana ekugqibeleni isebenzela amandla
athanda imfazwe, azi ukuba angaxhaphaza njani ubuthathaka

113
00:11:18,626 --> 00:11:22,313
ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwizicwangciso zawo zehlabathi jikelele.

114
00:11:22,313 --> 00:11:28,275
Ngamazwi akho nokusasazwa kwale nkqubo,
unxibelelwano olunjalo lunokuziswa elubala kwaye

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00:11:28,275 --> 00:11:31,073
ekugqibeleni imfazwe inokuthintelwa. Nceda uncede!