WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:07.220 Makaman kai-tsaye – garkuwa ta ƙarshe ta manyan masu iko na kuɗi na duniya dole ta faɗi! 00:07.220 --> 00:15.360 Makaman kai-tsaye suna yanke shawara kuma suna aiki da kansu ta amfani da basirar wucin gadi, ba tare da tsoma bakin ɗan adam ba. 00:15.360 --> 00:22.320 Ko da yake har yanzu ana ci gaba da haɓaka su, sun riga sun sa al'ummar duniya cikin tashin hankali. 00:22.320 --> 00:26.220 Menene ainihin wannan game da shi kuma menene matsalar? 00:26.220 --> 00:30.571 Makamai masu cin gashin kansu, da ake kuma kira robotai masu kashe mutane, ana ɗaukar su a 00:30.571 --> 00:33.344 matsayin "juyin juya hali na uku a fannin yaki". 00:33.344 --> 00:39.000 Kamar yadda ƙirƙirar barasa mai fashewa da makaman nukiliya a baya suka sauya yanayin yaki gaba ɗaya, tsarin 00:39.000 --> 00:42.990 makamai masu cin gashin kansu na sauya yanayin yaki gaba ɗaya. 00:42.990 --> 00:46.480 Makaman masu cin gashin kansu su ne tsarin da ke aiki da kansu. 00:46.480 --> 00:56.213 An shirya su don gano da kai hari kan abubuwan da aka sa a nufi ta amfani da basirar wucin gadi kuma ba tare da ikon ɗan adam ba. 00:56.213 --> 01:01.937 Waɗannan na iya zama jiragen sama marasa matuki, amma kuma jiragen ruwa, tankuna, 01:01.937 --> 01:05.913 na'urorin harba roket, robobi da sauran makamai. 01:05.913 --> 01:11.855 Tsarin makamai masu cikakken cin gashin kansu tare da basirar wucin gadi mai daidaitawa ba su zama a 01:11.855 --> 01:16.000 hukumance wani muhimmin ɓangare na sojojin duniya ba tukuna. 01:16.000 --> 01:23.512 Tun daga shekarar 2014, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kasance tana gudanar da tattaunawa a Geneva, inda ƙasashe 75 ke 01:23.512 --> 01:31.424 tattauna haramcin tsarin makamai masu cin gashin kansu masu halaka domin tsara dokokin robot masu kashe mutane. 01:31.424 --> 01:37.860 Yarjejeniya ba ta yiwuwa ba saboda wasu ƙasashe na bin muradun kansu. 01:37.860 --> 01:43.763 A cewar masu fafutukar zaman lafiya, ƙasashe 26 na goyon bayan haramta irin waɗannan makamai, 01:43.763 --> 01:47.546 ciki har da Ostiriya da duk ƙasashen da ke tasowa. 01:47.546 --> 01:51.776 Sin ta yi magana a fili tana goyon bayan a haramta amfani da shi. 01:51.776 --> 01:56.973 Ana rahoton cewa Amurka ta yi adawa kwata-kwata da duk wata takura kan ci gaba. 01:56.973 --> 02:07.560 Haka kuma akwai kamfanoni a Jamus da ke shiga cikin wannan ci gaban, wanda hakan ke kara tsananta gasa ta makamai a duniya. 02:07.560 --> 02:10.997 Amma me ya sa ake matuƙar neman makamai masu cin gashin kansu? 02:10.997 --> 02:16.122 A cewar ƙididdigar hukuma ta Sojojin Amurka, yanzu sojojin Amurka da yawa suna mutuwar kashe 02:16.122 --> 02:19.460 kansu fiye da waɗanda abokan gaba suka kashe. 02:19.460 --> 02:27.744 Ba sa iya danganta kansu da abin da ake kira "yaki na jin kai", wanda a zahiri ba komai ba ne illa yaki na mamaye ƙasa bisa 02:27.744 --> 02:36.672 dabarun iko, kuma suna fama da azabar zuciya har tsawon rai saboda wannan yaki mai zalunci, ciki har da kan fararen hula. 02:36.672 --> 02:46.020 Tsofaffin sojoji suna mayar da lambobin yabo a tarin yawa saboda suna jin kunya da ayyukan yaki kuma suna nuna nadama mai zurfi. 02:46.020 --> 02:53.509 Ko matukan jiragen sama marasa matuka, waɗanda ke kashe mutane daga teburinsu kamar suna wasan kwamfuta kuma 02:53.509 --> 03:00.220 ba sa nuna tausayi saboda nisan da ke tsakaninsu da yaki, suna gajiya bayan 'yan shekaru. 03:00.220 --> 03:07.897 Shekaru da dama na binciken halayyar ɗan adam sun kuma nuna cewa sojoji a lokacin yaƙi galibi ba sa harbin sojojin makiya 03:07.897 --> 03:12.340 kwata-kwata, sai dai su kan yi watsi da nufinsu da gangan. 03:12.340 --> 03:18.752 Wannan ya bayyana a fili cewa mutane, a asalin halinsu, ba su ne "injin yaki" ba. 03:18.752 --> 03:25.440 Motsin lumana na duniya da gangamin lumana suna jaddada wannan gaskiya. 03:25.440 --> 03:33.076 Ga masu son iko masu ƙishin yaki da masu sarrafa su na duniya, ana buƙatar tsarin makamai masu cin gashin kansu, wato robobi 03:33.076 --> 03:39.974 masu kashe mutane, waɗanda ke aiki ba tare da kuskure ba kuma ba tare da sassauci ba – ba tare da tambaya ba, ba 03:39.974 --> 03:47.440 tare da tausayi ba, ba tare da tunanin zuciya ba, musamman don kare kansu daga taron mutane masu fushi. 03:47.440 --> 03:56.813 Wannan saboda mutane da yawa suna fara fahimtar dogaro da juna na duniya kuma ba sa son a ci gaba da zalunta su da yaudara. 03:56.813 --> 04:05.523 Bil'adama ba za ta yarda da ikon sarrafa dukkan tsarin kudi, dukkan gwamnatoci, ƙasashe da albarkatunsu 04:05.523 --> 04:10.660 su kasance a hannun iyalai kaɗan a dogon lokaci ba. 04:10.660 --> 04:15.680 Masu fafutukar zaman lafiya na kowane iri da kowane ƙasa suna yin gargaɗi: 04:15.680 --> 04:20.928 Dole ne a haramta ci gaban tsarin makamai masu cin gashin kansu a duk faɗin duniya. 04:20.928 --> 04:28.745 Fiye da masu bincike 2,500 da ƙungiyoyi 176 a fannin basirar wucin gadi sun riga sun sanya hannu kan 04:28.745 --> 04:37.216 alkawari na son rai na rashin gudanar da bincike kan tsarin makaman kashe kai masu cin gashin kansu. 04:37.216 --> 04:45.883 Ta hanyar sanya hannu, mahalarta sun ɗauki nauyin "ba za su goyi baya ko ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban, kera, kasuwanci 04:45.883 --> 04:50.960 ko amfani da makaman kashe kai masu cin gashin kansu ba". 04:50.960 --> 04:53.700 Duk da haka, ana rashin sunaye da yawa na manyan mutane. 04:53.700 --> 05:02.185 Babu Google ko kamfanin mallakarsa Alphabet da suka sanya hannu kan wannan alkawari na son rai; Boston Dynamics, kamfanin kera 05:02.185 --> 05:06.784 mashahuran samfuran robot, shima har yanzu ba ya cikin jerin. 05:06.784 --> 05:10.464 Kamfanonin tsaro masu dacewa ma ba su nan. 05:10.464 --> 05:18.925 Manufar masu fafutuka ita ce su yi tasiri mai nisa fiye da zagayen masu sa hannu ta hanyar jawo hankalin 05:18.925 --> 05:24.200 jama'a gaba ɗaya kan haɗarin makamai masu cin gashin kansu. 05:24.200 --> 05:30.848 Wani gajeren fim mai suna "Slaughterbots" yana nuna yadda makamai masu cin gashin kansu suka riga 05:30.848 --> 05:35.160 sun kasance masu matuƙar tasiri wajen haddasa barna. 05:35.160 --> 05:44.029 Gidauniyar Future of Life Institute (FLI) da ke Amurka, wadda ke nufin rage haɗarin wanzuwar ɗan 05:44.029 --> 05:49.664 adam, ta wallafa bidiyon a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2017. 05:49.664 --> 05:53.906 A cikin 'yan makonni, an danna shi sau miliyoyi. 05:53.906 --> 06:01.024 Wannan yana ba da kallon gargaɗi na almara kan yadda, misali, masu suka tsarin ko ƙabilu da 06:01.024 --> 06:05.353 ba a so za a iya kawar da su cikin kallon ido. 06:05.353 --> 06:08.896 Karshe: Daina wannan fasaha! 06:08.896 --> 06:12.880 Ga wasu ɓangarori daga bidiyon: 06:14.580 --> 06:19.880 na matukan jiragen sama na abokan cinikinmu sun aiwatar da kusan harin daidaito 3,000 a 06:19.880 --> 06:22.740 bara, kuma muna matuƙar alfahari da hakan. 06:22.740 --> 06:27.000 Yana ba ka damar raba masu mugunta daga masu nagarta. 06:27.000 --> 06:33.340 Wannan babbar magana ce. Amma muna da wani abu mafi girma sosai. 06:37.393 --> 06:43.980 Yara ku watakila suna da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, ko? Ba haka ba ne. 06:45.920 --> 06:49.248 Matukin jirgi mai jarumta? A'a. 06:49.248 --> 06:54.848 Wannan fasaha gaba ɗaya game da AI – basirar wucin gadi ce. Tana tashi da kanta. 06:54.848 --> 06:59.220 Na'urar sarrafa bayanai na iya amsawa sau ɗari fiye da ɗan adam. 06:59.220 --> 07:04.760 Motsin bazuwar yana cikin yanayin hana harbin sniper. 07:08.506 --> 07:13.560 Kamar kowace na'urar hannu a yau, tana da kyamarori da na'urorin gano abubuwa. 07:13.560 --> 07:19.552 Kuma kamar wayoyinku na hannu da manhajojin kafofin sada zumunta, shi ma yana da gane fuska. 07:19.552 --> 07:26.080 Akwai gram uku na bam na musamman a nan. 07:26.080 --> 07:40.880 Kuma haka yake aiki. Ka ga hakan? 07:40.880 --> 07:48.606 Wannan ƙaramin harbi ya isa ya huda saman ƙashin kai ya kuma halaka duk abin da ke bayansa. 07:48.606 --> 07:52.599 Ana yawan cewa ba makamai ke kashe mutane ba, sai mutane ne ke kashe mutane. 07:52.599 --> 07:54.233 To, ba sa yin hakan kawai. 07:54.233 --> 07:58.752 Suna yin motsin rai, suna ƙin bin umarni, suna gangan kuskure wajen harba abokan hamayya. 07:58.752 --> 08:03.295 To mu gani yadda makamai ke yanke shawara a nan. 08:03.295 --> 08:08.379 Yanzu ka yarda da ni – dukansu maza ne marasa kyau. 08:11.712 --> 08:18.453 Harba jirgin sama ce mai daidaito kamar tiyata. Wani ne daga cikin jerin kayayyaki da dama. 08:18.453 --> 08:24.235 An shirya su a matsayin gungu, waɗannan abubuwa na iya shiga cikin gine-gine, motoci da jiragen ƙasa, kauce wa mutane 08:24.235 --> 08:27.120 da harsashi, kuma su hana kusan duk wani matakin dakile su. 08:27.120 --> 08:34.820 Ba za a iya dakatar da su ba. To, na ce: Wannan abin kyau ne. 08:34.820 --> 08:41.273 Me ya sa? Saboda muna tunani babba. Duba: 08:43.260 --> 08:47.733 Kwangilar fam miliyan ashirin ta sayi musu wannan. 08:47.733 --> 08:53.312 Ya isa ya kashe rabin birni, rabin mugunta. 08:53.312 --> 08:55.936 Karfin nukiliya – wannan tsohuwar labari ne. 08:55.936 --> 09:00.679 Kore dukkan maƙiyanka – kusan ba tare da wani haɗari ba. 09:00.679 --> 09:05.880 Ka bayyana shi kawai, ka saki wanda kake so, ka huta. 09:05.880 --> 09:09.860 Makamai marasa tunani suna kai hari duk inda ka nufa da su. 09:09.860 --> 09:13.240 Makaman masu hankali suna sarrafa bayanai. 09:13.240 --> 09:21.039 Idan za ka iya gano makiyinka ta taimakon bayanai – ko da ta hanyar hashtag – za ka iya 09:21.039 --> 09:26.393 kai hari kan muguwar akida a inda ta fara. 09:29.408 --> 09:32.266 Wannan gajeren fim ɗin ya fi zaton kawai. 09:32.266 --> 09:38.000 Yana nuna sakamakon haɗawa da ƙanananta fasahohin da muke da su a yanzu. 09:38.000 --> 09:40.980 Ni ne Stuart Russell, Farfesa a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Berkeley. 09:40.980 --> 09:44.666 Na yi aiki a kan basirar wucin gadi (AI) fiye da shekaru 35. 09:44.666 --> 09:47.980 Iyawarsu wajen amfanar bil'adama tana da matuƙar girma, har da a fannin tsaro. 09:47.980 --> 09:54.140 Amma zai zama babban barazana ga tsaronmu da 'yancinmu idan muka bar injuna su yanke shawarar kashe mutane. 09:54.140 --> 09:56.726 Dubban abokan aikina sun yarda da wannan. 09:56.726 --> 10:04.980 Har yanzu muna da damar hana wannan makomar da aka nuna muku yanzu, amma taga ta damar ɗaukar mataki na rufe da sauri!