WEBVTT

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Izikhali ezizimele – isibamba sokugcina
sobukhosi bezimali bomhlaba wonke kumele siwe!

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Izikhali ezizimele zenza izinqumo futhi zisebenza ngokuzimela
ngosizo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.

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Nakuba zisasesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, sezivele
zigcina umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe engalindile.

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Lokhu kumayelana nani ngempela futhi inkinga iyini?

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Izikhali ezizimele, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-robot
abulali, zibhekwa njengenguquko yesithathu empini.

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Njengokutholwa kwegunpowda nezikhali
zenukliya esikhathini esedlule, izinhlelo zezikhali

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ezizimele zishintsha ngokuphelele imvelo yempi.

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Izikhali ezizimele yizistimu ezisebenza ngokuzimela.

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Zihlelwe ukuhlonza nokuhlasela izinhloso zisebenzisa
ubuhlakani bokwenziwa futhi ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngabantu.

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Lezi zingaba ama-drone angenabantu, kodwa
futhi izikebhe, amatanki, izisetshenziswa

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zokudubula ama-rokhethi, ama-robot nezinye izikhali.

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Amasistimu ezikhali ezizimele ngokuphelele
anohlakanipho olwenziwe oluguqukayo awakabi

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ngokusemthethweni ingxenye ebalulekile yamabutho omhlaba.

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Kusukela ngo-2014, iZizwe Ezihlangene ibibamba izingxoxo eGeneva,
lapho amazwe angama-75 exoxisana ngokuvimbela izinhlelo zokuzimela

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zezikhali ezibulalayo ukuze kulawulwe ama-robot abulalayo.

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Isivumelwano asibonakali sifezeka ngoba
ezinye izizwe zilandela izintshisekelo zazo.

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Ngokusho kwabavukeli bokuthula, amazwe angama-26
asekela ukuvinjelwa kwalezi zikhali,

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kuhlanganisa ne-Austria kanye nawo wonke amazwe asathuthuka.

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I-China ikhulumile isekela ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwayo.

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Kuthiwa i-US iphikisana ngokuphelele nezithiyo ekuthuthukisweni.

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Kukhona futhi izinkampani eJalimane
ezibandakanyekayo kule ntuthuko, ngaleyo ndlela

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ziqhubekela phambili umjaho wamazwe ngamazwe wezikhali.

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Kodwa kungani izikhali ezizimele zifunwa kangaka?

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Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni zezempi zase-US, okwamanje abasosha
base-US abaningi bafa ngokuzibulala kunalabo ababulawa izitha.

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Abakwazi ngempela ukuzihlanganisa nalawo amabutho abizwa ngokuthi
'wokupha usizo lobuntu', okungeyona into ngaphandle kwempi

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yokuhlasela esekelwe kumacebo amandla, futhi
bahlushwa izinkinga zokuziphatha impilo yonke ngenxa

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yempi enonya, kuhlanganise nokuhlasela izakhamuzi.

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Abaveterani bempi babuyisa imiklomelo yabo
ngobuningi ngoba bethukuthele ngenxa

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yezenzo zempi futhi babonisa ukuzisola okujulile.

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Ngisho nabashayeli bama-drone, ababulala besendeskini yabo
sengathi bayadlala umdlalo wekhompyutha futhi

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babonisa uzwela oluncane ngenxa yokuba kude kwabo
nempi, bayakhathala ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.

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Iminyaka eminingi yocwaningo lwezengqondo iphinde yaveza
ukuthi amasosha empini ngokuvamile awadubuli nhlobo amasosha

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asitha, kodwa ngenhloso adubule edlula ezinhlosweni zawo.

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Lokhu kuyacacisa ukuthi abantu,
ngokwemvelo, abayona imishini yempi.

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Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zokuthula
nemibhikisho kugcizelela leli qiniso.

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Kubantu abafuna amandla nabaphathi bamapuppet emhlabeni wonke
abasemva kwabo, kudingeka izinhlelo zokubulala ezizimele,

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okungukuthi ama-robot abulalayo, asebenza ngokuphelele
nangokungaguquki – ngaphandle kokubuza

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imibuzo, ngaphandle komusa, ngaphandle kwesazela,
ikakhulukazi njengokuvikela izixuku ezithukuthele.

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Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi
kakhulu manje sebebona uxhumano lomhlaba wonke

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futhi abasafuni ukusetshenziswa nokudlalwa.

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Abantu ngeke bamukele esikhathini eside ukuthi
ukulawula lonke uhlelo lwezimali, zonke ohulumeni, amazwe

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kanye nezinsiza zawo kusandleni kwemindeni embalwa.

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Abashisekeli bokuthula bazo zonke
izinhlobo nezizwe ngakho-ke bayashaya isexwayiso:

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Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezikhali
ezizimele kumele kuvinjelwe emhlabeni wonke.

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Abacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-2 500 kanye nezinhlangano eziyi-176
emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa sebevele

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basayina isibopho sokuzithandela
sokungacwaningi izinhlelo zezikhali ezizimele ezibulalayo.

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Ngokusayina, abahlanganyeli bazibophezela ukuthi ngeke basekele
noma banikele ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizweni, ekuthengisweni

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noma ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali ezizimele ezibulalayo.

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Nokho, amagama amaningi adumile awekho.

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Akekho uGoogle noma inkampani ebamba uGoogle, i-Alphabet,
abasayine lesi sithembiso sokuzithandela;

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iBoston Dynamics, umkhiqizi wemodeli yama-robot
adumile, nayo ayikakafakwa ohlwini kuze kube manje.

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Izinkampani zokuvikela ezifanele nazo azikhona.

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Inhloso yabalwela amalungelo ngaleyo ndlela ukuba
nomthelela odlula kude isiyingi sabasayinile ngokudonsa

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ukunaka komphakathi jikelele ezingozini zezikhali ezizimele.

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Ifilimu emfushane ebizwa ngokuthi
"Slaughterbots" ikhombisa ukuthi izikhali ezizimele

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sezisebenza kanjani ngokubhubhisayo nangempumelelo.

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Inhlangano i-Future of Life Institute (FLI) esekwe e-United
States, ehloselwe ukunciphisa izingozi ezibhekisele ekupheleni

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kobuntu, yashicilela ividiyo ngomhlaka 12 Novemba 2017.

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Phakathi kwamaviki ambalwa, kwacindezelwa izikhathi eziyizigidi.

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Lokhu kunikeza isethulo esingokoqobo, esesabekayo
sokuthi, isibonelo, abagxeki bohlelo noma amaqembu

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ezizwe angafuneki bangabulawa ngokushesha emehlweni.

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Ukuphetha: Yeka lobu buchwepheshe!

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Nazi ezinye izingcaphuno zivela kuvidiyo:

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wabaphiloti bamakhasimende ethu benza cishe
ukuhlasela okunembile okungu-3 000 ngonyaka

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odlule, futhi siyaziqhenya kakhulu ngalokho.

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Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise abantu ababi nabantu abahle.

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Kuyinto enkulu. Kodwa sinento enkulu kakhulu.

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Abantwana bakho mhlawumbe
banomunye walawa, akunjalo? Cha ngempela.

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Umshayeli wezindiza onobungozi? Cha.

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Lokhu kukwazi kugxile ku-AI –
ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Iyazindiza yona.

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Iprosesa yayo ingaphendula
izikhathi eziyikhulu ngokushesha kunomuntu.

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Ukuhamba kwe-stochastic kusemodi yokulwa nama-sniper.

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Njengazo zonke ezinye izisetshenziswa
eziphathwayo kulezi zinsuku, inamakhamera namasensa.

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Futhi njengamafoni akho eselula nezinhlelo
zokusebenza zokuxhumana, nayo inokubona ubuso.

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Kukhona amagremu amathathu weqhuzukazi ekhethekile lapha.

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Futhi nansi indlela esebenza ngayo. Uyibonile yini lokho?

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Lesi sidlakela esincane sanele ukudlula
phezulu kwekhanda nokubhubhisa konke okusemva kwaso.

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Kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi akuyona izikhali
ezibulala abantu, kodwa abantu ababulala abantu.

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Hhayi bo, abakwenzi nje.

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Baba nemizwa engaphezu kwamandla, bengaziphathi
imiyalelo, ngenhloso baphuthelwa izinhloso zabo.

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Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi izikhali zenza kanjani izinqumo lapha.

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Manje ngikholelwe – bonke babeyizinsizwa ezimbi.

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Lokho kwakuwuhlaselo lomoya olunembile
njengokuhlinzwa. Kungomunye wemikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene.

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Zihlelwe njengesixuku, lezi zinto zingangena ezakhiweni,
ezimotweni nasezitimeleni, zigweme abantu namabhulethi,

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futhi zivimbele cishe zonke izindlela zokuzivikela.

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Abakwazi ukuvimba. Yebo, ngasho: Kuhle kakhulu.

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Kungani? Ngoba sicabanga ngokukhulu. Bheka:

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Inkontileka yamaphawundi ayizigidi
ezingamashumi amabili ibathengela lokhu.

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Okwanele ukubulala ingxenye yedolobha, ingxenye embi.

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Amandla enuzi – yizindaba ezindala.

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Susa wonke izitha zakho – cishe
ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi ingozi.

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Mchaze nje, yeka umuntu owuthandayo bese uphumula.

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Izikhali eziyize zishaya noma kuphi lapho uzibhekisela khona.

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Izikhali ezihlakaniphile zicutshungula idatha.

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Uma ungathola isitha sakho ngosizo
lwedatha – ngisho nangokusebenzisa i-hashtag –

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ungashaya umbono omubi lapho uqala khona.

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Le filimu emfushane ingaphezu kokucabanga nje.

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Kubonisa imiphumela yokuhlanganisa
nokunciphisa ubukhulu bobuchwepheshe esivele sinabo.

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NginguStuart Russell, uProfesa weSayensi yekhompyutha eBerkeley.

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Ngisebenza kubuhlakani bokwenziwa
(AI) iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35.

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Amandla abo okusiza isintu makhulu
kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuvikela.

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Kodwa kuzoba yinhlekelele enkulu ekuphepheni nasenkululekweni
yethu uma sivumela imishini ukuthi inqume ukubulala abantu.

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Izinkulungwane zabalingani bami ziyavuma ngalokhu.

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Sisenethuba lokuvimbela ikusasa olusanda kukhombiswa kini,
kodwa ithuba lokuthatha isinyathelo liyavaleka ngokushesha!