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Phetolo ea tlelaemete – batho pakeng tsa tsebo le tumelo

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Na tlelaemete e bonolo ho susumetsoa joalo ka ha
boradipolotiki le mecha ea phatlalatso ba lula ba re bolella?

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Ho batho ba bangata, maikutlo a seng a entsoe a baemeli ba nang
le tšusumetso ba amehang a lekane ka ho

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feletseng, ha ba bang bona ba fumana taba e le thata
haholo hore ba ka e sebetsana ka botlalo ka bo bona.

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Mongoli, Prof. Dr. Werner Kirstein, setsebi se nang le
boiphihlelo ba maemo a leholimo le fisiksi, esale a

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ithuta mekhoa ea saense ea liphetoho tsa maemo a leholimo tsa
libaka le tsa lefatše ka bophara ka lilemo tse fetang 40.

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Bukeng ea hae e ncha, "PHETOHO EA BOEMO BA LEHOLI – 'Nete, Phoso
kapa Leshano? Batho lipakeng tsa Tsebo le Tumelo," o hlalosa

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lintlha tsa "litaba tse chesang" tsa phetoho ea boemo ba
leholimo ka tsela eo motho e mong le e mong a ka e utloisisang.

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Ka ho khetheha, e bontsha hore: Phetolo ya
tlelaemete ke nnete, phetolo ya tlelaemete ke

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phoso, le phetolo ya tlelaemete ke leshano.

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Leha ho na le dikganyetsano tsena tse bonahalang,
polelo e nngwe le e nngwe ho tse tharo e nepahetse.

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Sena se ka etsahala joang? Bukeng ea hae e bonolo
ho baloa, e ka bang le maqephe a 200, Werner

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Kirstein o araba lipotso tsena le tse ling tse ngata.

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Tse ling tsa "libaka tse chesang" tsena li
totobalitsoe filiming ena e phetang pale.

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Ka lebaka lena, likarolo tse ling li nkuoe ka
kotloloho bukeng ea Werner Kirstein kapa li

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hlahisitsoe hape ka bokhutšoanyane ka mantsoe a rona.

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Phetolo ea tlelaemete ke 'nete

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Tlelaemete ea Lefatše esale e fetoha, e leng
se bolelang hore phetoho ea tlelaemete ke

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'nete – e leng phetoho ea tlelaemete ea tlhaho!

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Melaetsa ea phetoho ea tlelaemete le ho fetofetoha ha eona e se e
lekholoa ka nako e telele ke litsebi tsa tlelaemete le tsa

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jeoloji, 'me e ngotsoe, har'a tse ling, ka tlhahlobo
ea mehele ea lifate, tlhahlobo ea seretse se

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tebileng le liphetoho sebopehong sa bokaholimo ba Lefatše.

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Ka ho fapanyetsana ha linako tse futhumetseng
le tse batang, khontsenteishene ea CO2

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sepakapakeng le eona e fetohile, leha e le ka tieho.

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Pele, thempereichara e ne e dula e nyoloha, mme nako e telele
kamora moo ho ba le keketseho ya kgahlamelo ya CO2. Phapang ya

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thempereichara e ne e fihla ho 10 °C. Mohlala,
thempereichara kajeno e ka ba dikiri tse 10 e le

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tlase ho feta nakong tsa mofuthu nalaneng ya Lefatshe!

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Bongata ba CO2 le bona hangata bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta
kamoo bo leng kateng kajeno. Liphetoho tsa mocheso li ne li lula

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li bakwa ke mabaka a tlhaho, jwaloka mesebetsi ya letsatsi le
maemo a potoloho ya Lefatshe; batho ha ho mohla ba kileng ba ba

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le molato bakeng sa phetoho ya tlelaemete ka tsela efe kapa efe.

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Phetolo ea tlelaemete ke thetso

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Ka 1986, Mokgatlo wa Jeremane wa tsa Fisiksi o ile wa fana ka
temoso mabapi le "koluoa e tlang ya tlelaemete

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ya lefatshe ka bophara" e thehilweng
dipalopalong tse fosahetseng, e leng kgwele ya Mauna Loa.

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Khubu ea Mauna Loa e bontša kamano e
bonahalang* pakeng tsa keketseho ea mocheso le ea CO2.

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Ho ile ha boleloa ka nako eo hore mocheso oa
Lefatše o ne o itšetlehile ka bongata ba likhase tse

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fumanehang ka bongata bo fokolang, tse kang CO₂, moeeng.

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Ka lebaka la phoso ena e kotsi, likhakanyo tsa likhomphutha le
tsa mehlala li ne li lula li bolela hore ho tla ba le mofuthu.

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Liphetoho tsa tlelaemete tsa nakong e fetileng le mekhoa ea ho
thehoa ha maru le meea ea maoatle le tsona ha li

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khone ho hlahisoa ka nepo mefutakeng. Sena se
lebisitse lipolelong tse fosahetseng ka ho feletseng.

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Le Lekgotla la Dipakeng tsa Mebuso le Tshebedisano-mmoho mabapi
le Phetoho ya Tlelaemete (IPCC) le ile la dumela ka 2001 hore:

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"Dipatlisisong le ho etseng mehlala ya tlelaemete, re lokela ho
hlokomela hore ena ke tsamaiso e kopaneng, e sa tsamaeeng ka tsela

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e otlolohileng, e bileng e ferekanya. Ka hona, ho etsa bolepi
ba nako e telele ka ntshetsopele ya tlelaemete ha ho kgonehe."

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Phetolo ea tlelaemete ke leshano

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Sena se ile sa etsa hore tšokelo ea lipolotiki ea "ho futhumala
ha lefatše" e hola ho ba sebata se seholo se makatsang

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sa mashano, e leng se ileng sa susumetsa Paramente ea
Europe ho phatlalatsa "tšohanyetso ea tlelaemete" ka 2019.

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Leha ho le jwalo, borasaense ba bangata le ho feta esita le
boradipolotiki ba bang ba se ba furalla dipolelo tsa tshenyo e

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feletseng tsa Lekgotla la Dipakeng tsa Mebuso ka Phetoho
ya Tlelaemete. Diphuputso tse fapaneng le digophelo tsa

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dithempereichara di senotswe e le mashano le boqhekanyetsi.

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Mohlala, grapeng ea 'hockey stick', lipheto-pheto tsa 'nete tsa
mocheso li ile tsa lekanngoa ke nako e telele e futhumetseng

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lekholong la bo12 la lilemo, e leng se ileng sa bopa
khopolo-phoso ea hore maemo a leholimo a batlile a tsitsitse ka

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lilemo tse ka bang 800, e le hore ebe ebe ho
qosoa phahamo ea mocheso ho tloha ka 1900 ho ea

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pele ka likhase tsa CO2 tse bakoang ke indasteri.

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Ho sa tsotellehe mashano ana a tsebahalang, lichelete tsa mmuso
li ntse li lebiswa ka ho khetheha phuputsong ena e behilweng pele

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ke dipolotiki. Phetolo ya tlelaemete e thweng
e bakilwe ke motho e fetohile tumelo e batlang

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ho hatella nnete ka mekgwa yohle e hlokehang.

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Boemo ba lehodimo ha bo tshwane le tlelaemete

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Lilemo tse fetang lekholo tse fetileng, litsebi tsa tlelaemete li
ile tsa lumellana ho hlahloba liketsahalo tsa boemo ba leholimo

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le litekanyo tse rekotiloeng tsa bonyane lilemo tse mashome a
mararo e le hore li khone ho etsa lipolelo mabapi le tlelaemete.

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Ha e le hantle, tlelaemete ha se letho haese pokello e kholohali
ea lintlha tsa boemo ba leholimo tsa nakong e fetileng, e leng

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se bolelang hore tlelaemete e ke ke ea sireletsoa. Tlelaemete
e ka shejoa feela ha nako e ntse e ea le libakeng tse kholo.

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Litsebi tsa boemo ba leholimo tse lefelloang ke mmuso mecheng ea
phatlalatso e ka sehloohong li hlalosa esita le matsatsi a seng

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makae a chesang le a omileng e le boemo ba leholimo bo feteletseng
le bopaki ba koluoa ea tlelaemete e seng e se e etsahetse.

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Leha ho le jwalo, tsena ke diketsahalo tsa boemo ba
lehodimo tsa nakwana le tsa sebakeng feela, tse

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hlahisetswang setjhaba e le dikoduwa tsa tlelaemete.

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Na mantsoe 'boemo ba leholimo' le 'tlelaemete' a
fifalitsoe ka boomo ke boradipolotiki le mecha ea phatlalatso

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e ka sehloohong e le ho ferekanya le ho thetsa sechaba?

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Baahi ba nang le tšabo ka bokamoso ba ka kholiseha habonolo
haholo ho amohela "lipakane tsa tlelaemete" le ho lokisetsoa

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makhetho a tlelaemete le keketseho e tsoelang pele ea litheko.

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Bafuputsi ba tsa tlelaemete Setsing sa Potsdam sa Liphuputso tsa
Tšusumetso ea Tlelaemete (PIK) le bona ba rata ho sebelisa

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pherekano lipakeng tsa boemo ba leholimo le tlelaemete ho hasa
letsoalo. Na sepheo se seholo sa bafuputsi ba tsa tlelaemete mona

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ke ho fumana lichelete bakeng sa ho tsosa letsoalo ka tlelaemete?

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Karolo ea Lekhotla la Melao-thero la Phetolo ea Tlelaemete (IPCC)

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Lekgotla la dipakane tsa dipuso tse fapaneng mabapi le phetoho ya
tlelaemete (IPCC) le thehilwe ka 1988 ke Lenaneo

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la Machaba a Kopaneng la Tikoloho (UNEP) le
Mokgatlo wa Lefatshe wa Tshebetso ya Lehodimo (WMO).

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Kanselara oa mehleng oa Jeremane, Helmut Schmidt, o
ile a bontša ho se tšepe ha hae ho IPCC puong ea

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hae mabapi le ho futhumala ha lefatše Berlin ka 2011:

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Litokomane tse fanoeng ke Lekhotla la Mebuso e Fapaneng la
Phetoho ea Tlelaemete (IPCC) ho fihlela joale li

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amohetsoe ka pelaelo, haholo-holo kaha ba bang ba
bafuputsi ba amehang ba senotsoe e le baferefere.

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Ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa pele tse 2,500 tsa IPCC, ho
ile ha sala tse 5 feela tse neng li tšoaretse

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khopolo-taba ea phetoho ea tlelaemete e bakoang ke motho.

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Leha ho le jwalo, boradipolotiki ba laolang IPCC hona
jwale ba tshepa ka bofofu mehlala e thehilweng feela ka

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mohopolo le mekgwa e susumetswang ke dikgopolo tsa ideoloji.

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Ho fihlela mathwasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 ho bile ha litsebi tsa
tlelaemete li ne li emetsoe ka tieo ho IPCC. Potso

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ke hore na ke hobaneng ha mosebetsi o se na
mahlale hakaale ebile o tletse phatlalatso ea maikutlo.

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Mekgwetho ya ditjhelete paleng ya tlokotsi ya
tlelaemete e bakilweng ke motho e se e bonahala,

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jwalo ka ha ditsebi tsa lefapha lena di tiisa.

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Har'a ba ruang molemo ho tsoa cheleteng ena e tšabehang ke batho
ka bomong ba kang Al Gore, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa mehleng oa

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US, Warren Buffet, Elon Musk, ea amohetseng lidolara tsa US tse
libilione tse 1.5 ho tsoa cheleteng ea balefi ba lekhetho, Vinod

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Khosla le James Cameron. Empa dihlopha tsa diphuputso le ditsi
tse fumanang tshehetso ya ditjhelete, hammoho le diindaseteri

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tse fapaneng le dibanka, jwalo ka Banka ya Lefatshe,
le tsona di rua molemo tshwantshong ena ya maiketsetso.

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Kamohelo ea moqholotsi

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James Lovelock o bontša ka mokhoa o khahlang kamoo moitseki oa
tlelaemete a bileng le "phihlelo ea Damaseka" 'me a

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fetoha ho tloha ho Saule ho ea ho Pauluse ha a hlalosa
puisanong hore o ne a fositse ka bolepu ba hae bo tšosang.

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O ne a se a nahanisise ka hloko ka mehlala e
sebediswang ho bolela esale pele koluoa ya tlelaemete. Ho ya

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ka Lovelock, mehlala ena e ne e se e sa mo kgodise.

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Bothata ke hore re ntse re tseba ho se hokae haholo
ka tlelaemete. Lilemong tse 20 feela tse fetileng, re

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ne re nahana hore re laola ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe.

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Sena se ile sa lebisa ho lingoliloeng tse 'maloa tse
tšosang, ho kenyeletsoa le ea ka, hobane ho ne ho

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bonahala ho hlakile haholo. Empa ha hoa ka ha etsahala.

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Tlelaemete e latela mokhoa oa eona o tloaelehileng. Ha e
le hantle, ha ho letho le sa tloaelehang le etsahetseng.

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Re ne re nahana hore joale re se re le bohareng ba lefatše le
futhumetseng ho feta tekano. Leha ho le

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joalo, lefatše le futhumetse hanyenyane haholo ho
tloha qalong ea lilemo tse sekete tse bocha.

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Mocheso o setse o batla o sa fetoha, leha o ne o lokela
ho nyoloha. Ka nako e tšoanang, ha ho potang hore

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maemo a khabone daeoksaete a ntse a tsoela pele ho nyoloha.

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Phetolo ea tlelaemete: tumelo khahlanong le tsebo

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Mosebetsing oa hae, Werner Kirstein o bontša kamoo
batho ba qabeletsoeng lipakeng tsa matla a thulanang a

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'tumelo' le 'tsebo'. Mona ke mehlala e meraro feela:

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1. Tumelo: Lifoto tsa khale li bontša leqhoa le sephara la Alpine,
ha lifoto tsa morao tjena li bontša leqhoa le fokotsehileng ha

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le bapisoa. Na ona ke sesupo sa tlokotsi e tlang ea tlelaemete?

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Tsebo: Masalla a lifate le limela libakeng tseo hona
joale li se nang leqhoa la lehloa a pakile hore

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mehleng ea khale ho ne ho se na leqhoa la lehloa mona.

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Bopaki bo joalo bo fana ka maikutlo a hore nakong ea liphesente
tse 65 tsa lilemo tse 10,000 tse fetileng, makhoabo a

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Alps a ne a le manyenyane 'me lithempereichara li ne
li le holimo – ntle le ho kena-kenana ho hang ha batho!

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2. Tumelo: Palo ea libere tse tšoeu e kotsing e khōlō ka
lebaka la ho futhumala ha lefatše ho bakoang ke batho.

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Ntlha: Dibere tsa polar di ne di se di le teng Lewatleng la
Arctic dilemong tse 600,000 tse fetileng. Sena se bolela

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hore di phetse dinako tsohle tsa pakeng tsa mehla ya leqhoa.

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Boemong ba leholimo bo futhumetseng, li boetse li
ja joang, lihlahla le litholoana tse nyenyane,

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'me ka lebaka leo li nkoa e le batsomi ba bohlale.

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Ho tloha ha mmuso oa Canada o thibetse ho
tsoma, palo ea liphoofolo e eketsehile ho

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tloha hoo e ka bang 5,000 ho isa ho 25,000.

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3. Tumelo: Leqhoa le maqeleng a polanete le
ntse le qhibiliha ka mokhoa o sa thibeleheng.

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Lera le tsebahalang la leqhoa la Larsen B le lahlehetsoe ke
likarolo tse tharo ho tse 'nè tsa boima ba

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lona ba leqhoa. Ke taba ea nako feela pele
Arctic le Antarctic li se li se na leqhoa ho hang.

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Tsebo: Ka mashome a lilemo, ho tsejile hore lithempereitjhara
tsa Arctic le Antarctic li fetoha ka tsela e fapaneng.

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Sena se bolela hore ha thempereichara e ntse e theoha
Ntlheng e ka Boroa, e ntse e nyoloha Ntlheng e ka Leboya.

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Ketsahalo ena e tsejwa hape e le 'phetoho ya
dipola tse pedi' kapa kgokahano ya Arctic-Antarctic.

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Ho bonahala hore ho shebisisa ho ka
senola setšoantšo se fapaneng sa boemo.

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Leha ho le joalo, ngangisanong ea hajoale ea tlelaemete, ho
bonahala eka khothatso e thehiloeng maikutlong e bohlokoa

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ho feta, leha e ka hanyetsana le tsebo e thehiloeng nneteng.

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Eco-nihilism ke eng?

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Ho ya ka Albert Camus, sengodi sa Lefora, rafiilosofi le
mohlodi wa Moputso wa Nobel wa Bongodi, nihilism ha e bolele

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ho dumela ho se letho, empa e bolela ho se dumele ho se teng.

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Bahileli hangata ba etsa sohle se matleng a bona ho fihlella
seo ba dumelang hore se lokile, empa ha ba nahane ka ditlamorao.

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Tsena li ka ba kotsi 'me tsa tlola ka ho
feletseng metheo ea monahano oa saense le oa kelello.

136
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Bo-nihilistike bo amohela tlolo ea seriti sa
botho ka lebaka la morero o nkoang o lokile.

137
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Eco-nihilism ke filosofi ea bophelo e shebaneng le boikemisetso
bo feteletseng haholo le bo manganga ba ho pholosa tikoloho.

138
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Ke mohopolo-taba oo ka nako e 'ngoe o
tsebahalang ka bokhukhuni ba tikoloho bo se nang mohau.

139
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Edgar Gärtner, mongoli oa buka ea "Eco-Nihilism: A Critique of
Political Ecology", ha a mong ho bona tšireletso ea tlelaemete

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e le mofuta o kotsi ka ho fetisisa oa nihilism hajoale.

141
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Molemi oa serapa: "Eco-nihilism ke eng?"

142
00:12:52,544 --> 00:13:00,352
Boipolao ba moruo ka mekhahlelo, hobane tsohle li becha
ka karete e le 'ngoe ntle le ho nahana ka litšenyehelo.

143
00:13:00,352 --> 00:13:07,278
Ka ho se nahane, "leano la tlelaemete" le amohela tlala e le
phello ea keketseho (e ka boomo) ea litheko tsa mehloli ea matla

144
00:13:07,278 --> 00:13:12,000
le lijo e le ho sireletsa mohopolo o thehiloeng lipalopalong.

145
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:17,547
"Tšireletso ea tlelaemete" – ka ho fokotsa mesi
ea CO2 ka thuso ea matla a "nchafatsoang" – ke

146
00:13:17,547 --> 00:13:20,768
mohopolo o bothoto, o sa nahanisisoang hantle.

147
00:13:20,768 --> 00:13:26,857
Matla a letsatsi le a moea ha se mahala;
litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetsong ea tekheniki li

148
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kholo haholo ebile ha li fokotse khabone ho hang.

149
00:13:32,787 --> 00:13:37,413
Ho nyenyefatsa puso ya batho ka batho ka tsietsi ya tlelaemete

150
00:13:37,413 --> 00:13:43,248
EU e phatlalalitse tsietsi ea tlelaemete nako e
fetileng, 'me litoropo tse ngata tsa Jeremane

151
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li se li nkile mohato ona o sa laoleng sechaba.

152
00:13:47,107 --> 00:13:53,262
Matla a tšohanyetso a tla sebelisoa ho felisa
bahanyetsi ba lipolotiki. Ha e sa le likhang tse matla ka

153
00:13:53,262 --> 00:13:57,400
ho fetisisa tse tla hlola, empa ke merero ea maikutlo.

154
00:13:57,400 --> 00:14:03,869
Leha ho le jwalo, ditlhoko tsena tse feteletseng di na le monyetla
o moholohadi wa ho baka dikgohlano tsa setjhaba le tsa moruo.

155
00:14:03,869 --> 00:14:09,592
Matšoenyeho mabapi le poleloana 'boemo ba
tšohanyetso' a na le lebaka le lekaneng, kaha sena

156
00:14:09,592 --> 00:14:14,247
se ka bula monyako oa ho belaella puso ea molao.

157
00:14:14,247 --> 00:14:18,105
Boipolelo ba Tlelaemete

158
00:14:18,105 --> 00:14:23,661
Mokgatlo wa Bavarian Values o
phatlaladitse manifesto ya tlelaemete qalong ya 2020.

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Mona ke kakaretso ya dintlha tsa bohlokwa:

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00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:32,886
1. Letsatsi le laola tlelaemete ea rona, eseng CO₂.

161
00:14:32,886 --> 00:14:40,060
2. Mehato ea ho sireletsa tlelaemete – joalo ka
phetoho ea matla e hlolehileng – ke phoso ea lipolotiki.

162
00:14:40,060 --> 00:14:47,056
3. Jeremane e hloka phepelo ea matla
e tsitsitseng le e theko e tlaase.

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00:14:47,056 --> 00:14:54,201
Lintlha li hlalositsoe ka botlalo ho feta ho Manifesto ea
Tlelaemete ea 2020. Hara tse ling, WerteUnion e hana

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00:14:54,201 --> 00:15:01,611
ka tieo "Green Deal" le theko ea CO2 joalokaha ho
hlalositsoe ho "Federal Government's Climate Package".

165
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Manifesto ea Tlelaemete e kopa ho felisoa ha tšōmo ea
tlelaemete le letšolo la thuto mabapi le litaba tsa

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00:15:07,620 --> 00:15:11,720
tlelaemete, mekhahlelo ea letsatsi le khabone daeoksaete.

167
00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:18,480
Tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng mabapi le sena e ka fumanwa
ho Manifesto ya Tlelaemete ya 2020 ya Bavarian Values Union.

168
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:22,924
Ke ka tšabo le ho tsosa letsoalo feela moo boradipolotiki ba ka
etsang hore batho ba mamele le ho

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00:15:22,924 --> 00:15:28,096
ikokobetsa. Tšokelo ea koluoa ea tlelaemete hajoale ke
sesebelisoa se sebelisoang ho fihlela sena.

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Leha ho le jwalo, ha e se e le hore ho a hlaka hore ho na le
mehla e metjha e kgutshwane ya leqhoa ka mora dilemo tse mmalwa,

171
00:15:33,726 --> 00:15:37,578
ho tla ba le karabo e le nngwe feela ho 'borasaense ba
tlelaemete', boradipolotiki ba ho futhumala ha

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00:15:37,578 --> 00:15:40,860
lefatshe le baqolotsi ba ditaba ba phatlalatso ya tlelaemete:

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00:15:40,860 --> 00:15:46,333
Ha o hoeletsa morung, o tlameha hape ho
itokisetsa ho utlwa modumo o phetang, leha o utlwahala o

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fapane ka ho feletseng. Prof. Dr. Werner Kirstein