WEBVTT

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Nina babukeli abathandekayo, niyazi ntoni ngokulawulwa kwemozulu?

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Ingaba lo mbandela na ukwaziwa ngempikiswano kwindawo
yakho, kwaye udla ngokujongelwa phantsi njengombono wobuqhinga?

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Intetho elandelayo, eyathethwa ngugqirha
wezenzululwazi zendalo kwiSummer WEFF 2022

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eDavos, inika ulwazi oluninzi kakhulu ngalo mba.

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UPhilipp Zeller wafunda i-physics e-ETH Zurich
kwaye unesidanga sobugqirha kwizifundo zendalo.

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Njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya wokuzonwabisa,
uZeller ube naqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo nemozulu

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kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.

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Ekuhambeni kwexesha, waqala ukuphawula
ngakumbi iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga esibhakabhakeni.

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Uqale ukwenza uphando lwakhe.

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Ngokukodwa kumxholo we-SRM (ulawulo lwe-radiation yelanga),
i-SAI (ukufakwa kwe-aerosol kwi-stratosphere) kunye ne-HAARP

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(iProjekthi yoPhando ye-Auroral eSebenzayo ye-High Frequency).

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Owayesakuba ngumhlohli waseyunivesithi uZeller
usebenze kwicandelo lokufumana iipatenti iminyaka emininzi.

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Yiyo loo nto enolwazi oluninzi kule ndawo.

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Ngophando lwakhe, ufumene iipatenti ezimalunga ne-1,000
zeeteknoloji zokulawula imozulu – ezisusela kwiminyaka yoo-1892.

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Le ntetho ilandelayo ayijoliswanga ekubangeleni ixhala.

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Ukulawulwa kwemozulu kuyenzeka nokuba siyazi okanye asiyazi.

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Endaweni yoko, ukuchazwa kwezinto ezisekelwe kwinyani
kufuneka kuphikise nakuphi na ukukhanyela kwezi

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ziganeko kwaye kubonelele ngezizathu ezisekelwe enyanini.

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Ngoko ke, nceda wabelane ngale vidiyo
nabantu abangaziyo kodwa abafuna inyaniso.

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Oku kulandelwa yintetho kaGqr
Philipp Zeller kwiSummer WEFF 2022 eDavos.

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Ngoko ke, yintoni le ngomba ye-geoengineering nezempilo?

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Njengoko benditshilo, ndingathanda ukunika
isishwankathelo esingaphelelanga samaxwebhu

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nemithetho eliqela karhulumente ephathelele kwiipatenti.

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Iipatenti azibhaliswa ngenjongo
yokuzonwabisa nje; zibiza imali eninzi.

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Kwaye kufuneka kwakhona ungqine ukuba ziyasebenza, kungenjalo
azizukuvunywa, kwaye zibe ngamaphepha ophando

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apapashiweyo, hayi ngam ngokwam, kuba, njengoko
benditshilo, kufuneka ikwabonise ugxininiso kwimpilo.

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Njengoko benditshilo, lo ngumkhwebu nje;
ndiyaqhubeka nokuphanda phantse ngalo lonke ixesha.

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Andijonganga ukunika intetho yenzululwazi apha, ngendlela
yentlanganiso yenzululwazi, ngokwakhona

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ngokwulwakhiwo lwayo njalo njalo, kodwa ke,
njengoko benditshilo, ndinika isishwankathelo nje.

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Kwaye ke, ndisenokuba ndiphazama, ndenza
iimpazamo, okanye ndinokucaphula into engqinisekanga

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kakuhle; ndifuna nje ukuyitsho loo nto kwasekuqaleni.

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Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye i-geoengineering?

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UNksk. Weichelt ukhankanye ii-chemtrails ngaphambili. Ndizama
ukungayisebenzisi le ntetho kuba ikwangena ixesha ikubeka phantsi

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kwabantu abakholelwa kwiingcinga zobuqhetseba,
nangona le ntetho ngokwayo yadalwa yi-US Air Force

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ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Yiloo nto ehlekisayo ngayo.

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I-Geoengineering ngokuqinisekileyo ligama elingathathi cala,
kwaye i-geoengineering ikakhulu iquka ukulawulwa kwemozulu, nto

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leyo eneneni elona candelo libalulekileyo,
ngokukhulula amasuntswana emoyeni, kodwa kananjalo

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ngokukhupha amaza kagesi-magnethi anamandla aphezulu emoyeni.

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Emva koko, ke, kukho ukuhlola umhlaba, kuba konke
kumalunga nokutshintsha, nokuyila umhlaba, i-geo, umhlaba.

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Oku kuthetha ukuba ujonge
iingcikiva, iidipozithi ze-oyile, igesi, njl.

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Kwaye unokwenene, phantse andikholelwanga ekuqaleni, unokudala
ukuqhuma komhlaba ngobuchwepheshe ngezi zenzo. Kwaye

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ekugqibeleni, unako nokulawula inkambu yemagnethi yoMhlaba,
ingakumbi ngemitha ye-electromagnetic esele ikhankanyiwe.

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Kutheni i-geoengineering isenziwa kwasekuqaleni?

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Oku eneneni kubuyela emva kwiMfazwe Yomlomo iphela,
eyayiqala kanye emva kweMfazwe Yesibini yeHlabathi.

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Enyanisweni, yaqala kwangaphambili, ubuncinci ngemizamo
yokuphembelela imozulu. Kodwa i-geoengineering ekwinqanaba

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eliphezulu yaqala ngokwenene emva kweMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi.

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Kwaye ndingathanda ukucaphula owayesakuba nguMongameli
waseMelika uLyndon B. Johnson apha. Kwindibano ngo-1962, wathi,

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ndiyacaphula: "Nabani na olawula imozulu ulawula ihlabathi."

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Kwaye la ngamanqweno ale magunya
makhulu, akhokelwa yi-United States.

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Ngokwenene, le ntetho iyafumaneka kwiYouTube, apho
ungayifumana khona uze umamele amazwi ayo oqobo.

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Kwixesha elidlulileyo – into ehlekisayo yeyokuba abantu
bahlala bekhanyela nokuba i-geoengineering iyenzelwa – kodwa

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kwixesha elidlulileyo bekukho iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinje ngale.

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Ndingathanda ukukhankanya abantu abambalwa
abadumileyo kakhulu abangoku sele bayaziwa ngokusesikweni.

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Iprojekthi iCumulus, eyabangela intlekele enkulu yezikhukula
eUnited Kingdom ngo-1952 xa kwatyalwa iintlobo ezithile

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zeelifu ngenjongo yokuzidala ngobuchwepheshe nokuzenza ziwile.

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Kubekho intlekele enkulu yezikhukula, apho kubhubhile abantu
abangama-34 yaye izindlu ezininzi zikhukuliswe, njalo njalo.

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Kukho, ewe, iintlekele ezimbi nangakumbi,
kodwa kule meko unxulumano lwalucacile kwangoko.

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Yayityhafiswa ke iminyaka emininzi,
kakade, de ekugqibeleni yapapazeka.

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Kwaza kwabakho iProjekthi iStormfury, eyayiqhuba ukusukela
ngo-1962 ukuya ku-1971. Injongo

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yayikukuphembelela izaqhwithi ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba
kukutyala, oko kukuthi, ukukhululwa kwezinto ezincinci.

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Oku kwenziwa ngobuchule obungakumbi kakhulu namhlanje kunakudala.

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Ngelo xesha, ibiyiprojekthi nje, isesigabeni sophando.

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Emva koko, njengoko uninzi lwabantu mhlawumbi lusazi, kwabakho
iprojekthi i-Popeye, apho imvula enkulu yayivuswa ngabom

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ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam ukuze kugcwaliswe udaka kwiindlela
zokuthutha zeVietcong kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba zingasetyenziswa.

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Okokugqibela, ndingathanda nokukukhumbuza ukuba kuye kwenziwa
iimvavanyo zebhombu yenyukliya ezingaphezu kwama-2,000. Ngoko

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ke, kutheni kufuneka kuvavanywe ibhombu enokonakalisa kangaka
kwaye yonakalisa okusingqongileyo amaxesha amaninzi kangaka?

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Nditsho, ukuba ufuna ukuzakha, kwaye
sendinamathandabuzo ngaloo nto, ke iimvavanyo ezimbini okanye

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ezintathu zanele ukufumanisa ukuba zisebenza njani.

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Kwaye usenokuyibona nanamhlanje, emanzini,
emhlabeni nakumoya, yonke le radioactivity.

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Kukho amashumi, ukuba asizizo amakhulu, amaxwebhu asemthethweni,
amanye awo ebesoloko efumaneka eluntwini, ngelixa amanye

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ayekhutshwa kudidi lweemfihlo kamva, ingakumbi eUnited States,
apho unokuchitha khona iiyure ezininzi uphanda kwaye ukhuphela.

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Ndingathanda ukubonisa ngokufutshane enye
yazo apha, kanye isiphakamiso

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sokulungiswa kwemozulu esiphambi kweNkongolo yase-US.

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Luxwebhu olubanzi kakhulu,
oluzii-phepha eziphantse zibe ngama-200 ubude.

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Kwaye kulapho – ndayihendisela ngokukodwa, yeyo-1978 – kwaye ithi
kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, oko kukuthi, ukusukela

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ngo-1947 ukuya ku-1978 – andithethi ngale mihla, iminyaka
engama-30 edlulileyo – iinkqubo zokulawula imozulu

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ezili-110 zayethulwa kwiNkongolo yaseMelika zaza zaphunyezwa.

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Ngo-1978, iNkongolo yaqalisa yaza yaxhasa ngemali
inkqubo yophando yesizwe, oko kukuthi, ephakathi kwamaPhondo.

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Ngelo xesha, kwakukho isigxeko sokuba
kwakungekho mthetho wesizwe e-USA wokulawula konke oku.

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Kwakufuneka uqambe indlela kwaye
ufuna ukuqalisa into efanelekileyo.

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Kwaye ke abantu babesoyika ngelo xesha, kuba kwakusele kwenzekile
– eVietnam, umzekelo – ngoko ke ngokwendalo babesoyika ukuba

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utshaba lunokwenza into efanayo, okanye ukuba isizwe
singaxelelwa ityala ngequbuliso ukuba kukho isaqhwithi

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okanye imbalela ndaweni ithile, kwaye abantu bengathi:

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"Oko kwakuhlaselo," kwaye ke babefuna
ukukuthintela oko. Yiyo loo nto kwanyanzeleka

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ukuba bakulawule ngokufanelekileyo ngomthetho.

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Kwaye ke, ngo-1978 – eyayisele iqalisiwe
kwaseku-1976 – kwaziswa isigqibo somthetho eNew York.

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I-UN ibisemva kwaso, oko kukuthi isivumelwano se-UN eswalela
ukusetyenziswa kokulawulwa kwemozulu okanye naziphi na ezinye

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iindlela zokuguqula indalo esingqongileyo ngeenjongo zomkhosi.

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Kwaye neSwitzerland nayo isigunyazisile esi
somiso, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amazwe amaninzi

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kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele asigunyazisile esi somiso.

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ISwitzerland 1988, oko kukuthi, ngoku ifakwe kumthetho wombuso,
onokuyifumana kwingqokelela yomthetho wombuso, inombolo 515.06.

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Lo mthetho eneneni uvakala ulungile, kwaye njengoko benditshilo,
i-US wayizisa phakathi kuka-1976 no-1978 kanye ngenxa yokuba

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yayisoyika ukuba iintshaba zayo zisenokwenza into efanayo.

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Umthetho onjalo awuthethi ukuba umntu kufuneka awuthobele.

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Ivakala kakuhle kakhulu, amanqaku amabini okuqala aphambili nawo
avakala kakuhle kakhulu; eneneni imba ikukuba oku kuyalelwe.

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Kodwa ke kukho umqathango wesithathu walo mthetho,
kwaye lo mqathango wesithathu uqala ngokuthi

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ukusetyenziswa ngeenjongo zoxolo, ewe kona, kuvumelekile.

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Nangona kunjalo, akukho nkcazelo
yokuba yintoni na eyenza iinjongo zoxolo.

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Kwaye ke kukho isihlomelo sesibini kule Nqaku 3,
esithi amazwe asayinayo aza kuthi axhase oku: ukukhuthaza

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utshintshiselwano lolwazi nokufaka isandla ngemali kuko.

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Akunyanzelekanga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba
ngokukhutheleyo, kodwa kufuneka bayixhase kwaye benze igalelo.

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Kwaye ke, okona kumnandi ngaphezu kwako konke, kukho le nto
kuthiwa sisivumelwano ngeNqaku 3, esithi asiphenduli mbuzo

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wokuba ingaba itekhnoloji enjalo etshintsha indalo ingawaphuli
na amanyathelo afanelekileyo omthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

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Indikhumbuza kancinci ngomthetho oza
kwaziswa malunga nokulawulwa kobhubhane.

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Usenokuba sele uyazi oku, kodwa
thina maSwisi sayivuma ngonyaka ka-1988.

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Loo nto iyoyikisa ngokwenene.

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Ngoku ndiza kubuyela e-United States ndize ndinikubonisa
elinye ixesha eliprintiweyo, elalisisiphakamiso kwi-U.S.

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Air Force malunga nemeko elindelekileyo yonyaka ka-2025.

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Olu xwebhu ngokwalo lweminyaka ka-1996, kwaye isihloko
salo sithi: "Imozulu njengeNkqubekelaphambili yamandla".

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Kwaye isihlokwana sithi: "Siyingini yemozulu kude kube ngu-2025".

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Isicatshulwa esifutshane esivela kulo mxholo:
Kwelinye icala, indlela yokwenzakalisa utshaba, kwaye

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kwelinye icala, indlela yokuzixhasa wena namaqabane akho.

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Nazi ke iindlela ezimbalwa nje: Ukwenzakalisa
utshaba ngemvula namaza amakhulu, ezikwajolise

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ekuthobeni umoya wamajoni – kwelinye icala, masithi.

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Kodwa ungabangela nembalela, nentswela-manzi,
de abantu bahlupheke kakhulu baze banikezele.

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Ningakwazi ukuvusa izaqhwithi, ningakwazi nokulawula i-ionosphere
– ndiza kubuya kuloo nto kamva – ukuze utshaba

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lungabi sakwazi ukunxibelelana ngefemu, okanye
i-radar yabo ingabi sakwazi ukubona iinqwelomoya zazo.

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Ungakwazi ukwenza iphunga namafu asasazeke ukuze utshaba
bungafihli, okanye ungawenza ukuze umangalise utshaba.

12:25.121 --> 12:31.228
Kwaye unako nokuxela ukuba utshaba
lusebenzisa ezi ndlela ngokwalo na okanye hayi.

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Kwaye iindlela zabo zokuziphatha
zikwanti ziyinto echaseneyo ngokupheleleyo.

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Ewe, ngoko ke ukuba unomsebenzi omkhulu wezothutho, uqinisekisa
ukuba akukho mvula, ukuba iindlela zomile, ukuba akukho

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ziqhwithi, nokuba i-ionosphere ilungiselelwe
kakuhle ukuba udinga iisignali zerada kunye

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nonxibelelwano olulungileyo lwe-radio, njalo njalo.

12:53.609 --> 13:02.538
Lo mxholo – usengulo mxholo mnye – ukwatsho ukuba,
njengesishwankathelo, ukuba xa iimeko zilungile, kufuneka sikwazi

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nokusasaza uthuli lwekhabhoni – eli xwebhu licacisa ngokucacileyo
uthuli lwekhabhoni, ngokukodwa uthuli lwekhabhoni olulukiweyo

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– kummandla ofunwayo, oko kukuthi ummandla wesitha, ngendlela
elawulwayo, ekhuselekileyo, engabizi kwaye ethembekileyo.

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Iindlela zavavanywa, kwaye kuthiwa iindlela ezingenakubalwa
zokutshiza sele ziphantsi kwesifundo. Olu xwebhu lwango-1996.

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Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nexabiso eliphantsi luhlobo
lwe-afterburner olusetyenziswa kwiinjini zejethi, oluyinto

13:40.955 --> 13:50.680
esisiseko isixhobo sokutofa esincanyathiselwe ngasemva kwinjini
sokutofa olu luthuli lwekhabhoni kumphunga wokukhutshwa.

13:50.680 --> 13:59.387
Kwaye ngelixa inqwelomoya ibhabha kule
ndawo, iyasebenza okanye inokuphinda icinywe.

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Kutheni luthuli lwamalahle? Loo nto inomdla. Kukho omnye umxholo
owapapashwa kamva phantsi koMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi, i-FOIA.

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Lo ibiyingxelo eyimfihlo.

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Oku kuvela kwiLabhoratri
yakwaPhilips yeSebe eliphezulu leJiyofiziksi.

14:22.160 --> 14:27.430
Baye, ewe, bebesoloko becebisa
urhulumente waseMelika nomkhosi, njalo njalo.

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Icacisa ngendlela yokunyusa imvula, ukuyinciphisa, ukwandisa
amafu e-cirrus, oko kukuthi la mafu afana

14:35.133 --> 14:43.282
nesigqubuthelo esisoloko sikhona ngoku – awengokwendalo,
kodwa sikhona – okanye indlela yokuphosa inkungu.

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Yaye yonke le nto – ngokwenene sisahluko nje sesine,
ndisikhuphile ngokwahlukileyo – kwaye icacisa ukuba imalunga

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namalahle amnyama, nokulungiswa kwemozulu ngamalahle amnyama.

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Ndiza kuyitsiba loo nto. Zininzi kakhulu iingxelo ezinje.

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Koyikisa ukubona zonke izixhobo eziphantsi kophando novavanyo.

15:07.067 --> 15:11.366
Ndingathanda ukucaphula ngokufutshane
kwincwadi, incwadi echulumancisayo kakhulu. Ndifumene

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eyantlandlolo kwivenkile yeencwadi zakudala.

15:13.496 --> 15:21.126
Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Unless
Peace Comes", nto leyo ke esiyithemba.

15:21.126 --> 15:27.188
Yahlelwa nguNigel Calder ngo-1968,
ngoko sele ineminyaka eliqela ikho.

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Kwaye lo Nigel Calder wayengentatheli
yenzululwazi enempembelelo enkulu nendumileyo.

15:37.225 --> 15:45.654
Waza wacela abacebisi abaphambili kwezomkhosi kunye
nezenzululwazi eziphezulu ukuba ngamnye enze

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isahluko kweli ncwadi malunga nomsebenzi wabo, indlela
abacebisa ngayo urhulumente kunye nophando abalwenzayo.

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Kwaye isahluko esigqithisileyo okanye
esichulumancisayo kule ncwadi, enezahluko ezili-17, sibizwa

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ngokuba: "Indlela esitshabalalisa ngayo indalo".

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Lelo lihloko lesahluko, kwaye esi sahluko sabhaliwe
nguNjingalwazi Gordon MacDonald, ongengomhleli,

16:11.279 --> 16:19.004
owayeyintloko ye-geophysics kunye ne-planetary
physics kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eLos Angeles.

16:19.004 --> 16:27.631
Kwaye wayelilungu labasebenzi abacebisi bakaMongameli
uLyndon Johnson, endikhe ndacaphula amazwi abo ngaphambili.

16:27.631 --> 16:38.556
Isicatshulwa kwesi sahluko, esenza ukuba ufunde
ngoloyiko. Ubhala ngophando olwalusenziwa ngo-1968.

16:38.556 --> 16:45.772
Amaqela abandayo anokwenziwa ngokwenza iikristale
zeqhwa, ngelixa amaqela ashushu enokwenziwa

16:45.772 --> 16:50.809
ngokwandisa ngobuchule amathontsi asele ekho ngamasuntswana.

16:50.809 --> 17:00.652
Kuyenzeka ukwenza amafu omileyo angavelisi mvula, esiwabone
rhoqo kutshanje. Amafu ajikeleze isaqhwithi sinokwandiswa ngabom

17:00.652 --> 17:05.683
ukuze kutshintshwe, komelezwe okanye kuthotywe isaqhwithi.

17:05.683 --> 17:10.873
Ifoyile yentsimbi okanye amasuntswana entsimbi anokuthi
atshayelwe phantsi ukuze kuvele umbane ongaphezulu;

17:10.873 --> 17:13.760
kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakusetyenziswa ifoyile yentsimbi.

17:13.760 --> 17:19.806
Ngoko ke, umbane ovela ngaphandle
kokuba liyane okanye kubekho isaqhwithi.

17:19.806 --> 17:21.726
Siyazi kakuhle kakhulu.

17:21.726 --> 17:28.852
Ungadala izivunguvungu, ungathintela amanzi ukuba
angapheli ngenxa yokunyama ngeelayer ze-polymer ukuze

17:28.852 --> 17:32.405
kungabikho lifu, nokuba iqondo lobushushu linyuka.

17:32.405 --> 17:35.717
Enyanisweni, amanzi amaninzi anganyibilika.

17:35.717 --> 17:40.121
Kuyenzeka ukutshintsha imozulu yehlabathi,
kwaye ubhala ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokwendalo

17:40.121 --> 17:42.927
kunjalo, ngoko ke kulula ukufihla ezi zenzo.

17:42.927 --> 17:47.013
Akukho mntu uza kuqaphela nokuba yinto
yendalo okanye kukho umntu ongaphakathi kuyo.

17:47.013 --> 17:49.908
Asikokuphela koko, ndinephepha lesibini.

17:49.908 --> 17:53.529
Kuyenzeka ukuba kwenziwe imingxuma ye-ozone.

17:53.529 --> 17:57.721
1968, kuba nje ndijonga izibalo.

17:57.721 --> 18:05.431
Kukho ubuchule obumangalisayo obunokusetyenziselwa
ukuqhuba uqhushumbo lwe-atomic, ulingo lwenyukliya

18:05.431 --> 18:10.538
olungaphantsi komhlaba phantsi kwekhusi leqhwa lase-Antarctica.

18:10.538 --> 18:13.666
Umphandle womkhenkce wase-Antarctica
unobukhulu obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-100,

18:13.666 --> 18:16.425
nto leyo elinani elingummangaliso lomkhenkce.

18:16.425 --> 18:23.332
Emva koko kuvela umaleko wamanzi ngenxa yobushushu obungaphantsi
kwalo maleko womkhenkce, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yolu mkhenkce

18:23.332 --> 18:27.335
iya kutyibilika ingena elwandle ngokungathi ikwisilayidi.

18:27.335 --> 18:32.148
Oku kungabangela ixesha leqhwa lehlabathi jikelele.

18:32.148 --> 18:39.266
Kulula kakhulu. Ungadubula imigca
yaselunxwemeni kwaye oko kuya kubangela itsunami.

18:39.266 --> 18:45.168
Andazi ukuba ngubani owayesazi
ukuba yintoni i-tsunami ngowe-1968.

18:45.168 --> 18:50.058
Kufuneka ndivume ukuba oku ndikwazi kuphela ukusukela
ngo-2006, nangona ndandifunde ifiziksi ngaphambi koko.

18:50.058 --> 18:57.369
Kodwa andizange ndizazi ngezichotho. Ukuqhushumba
komhlaba kunokubangelwa kukuvuselelwa komaleko wamanzi

18:57.369 --> 19:00.960
ongangeekhilomitha ezili-10 ubunzulu phantsi komhlaba.

19:00.960 --> 19:05.532
Kusondele kakhulu kwindawo ekuthiwa
yi-triple point. Andifuni kungena kwiinkcukacha

19:05.532 --> 19:09.275
ngeemeko zento yamanzi ngoku, ngenxa nje yexesha.

19:09.275 --> 19:17.226
Kufuphi nendawo apho amanzi anobunzima
obukhulu, apho anokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza aye

19:17.226 --> 19:21.587
kumanzi abandayo kakhulu okanye umphunga, njl.

19:21.587 --> 19:29.636
Xa usiva ukuba inyikima yomhlaba ibizizikwe kubunzulu
obuyi-10 leekhilomitha, kufuneka uhlale uphulaphule ngenyameko.

19:29.636 --> 19:34.141
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba zonke
iintlekele ezikhulu, ezifana neFukushima, bezinendawo

19:34.141 --> 19:38.226
esembindini enobunzulu obuyiikhilomitha ezili-10.

19:38.226 --> 19:42.803
Andinakungqina nto, kodwa yinto
enomdla eyenzeke ngamabona-ndenzile.

19:42.803 --> 19:45.910
Ungayijikisa imisinga yamanzi.

19:45.910 --> 19:50.943
Ndiza kukubonisa oko ngokufutshane kamva. Kwabo bangaziyo
ukuba yintoni i-jet stream: ngumoya onamandla kakhulu okhoyo

19:50.943 --> 19:53.751
kumphakamo ongangeekhilomitha ezili-10 ojikeleza umhlaba wonke.

19:53.751 --> 19:57.478
Ungabangela iitornado. Ndicinga ukuba
sendikhe ndasitsho oko kwiphepha elidlulileyo.

19:57.478 --> 20:02.787
Umyinge ongundoqo wesahluko sesi sencwadi
kaNjingalwazi MacDonald kukuba umntu

20:02.787 --> 20:06.671
unokuzibona aze azisebenzise iingxokozana eMhlabeni.

20:06.671 --> 20:18.210
Ngoko ke, xa into isoloko isemngciphekweni, kufuneka nje ufake
amandla amancinci ukuze uyijolise kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye.

20:18.210 --> 20:27.768
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukwakhuluma ngolawulo lwengqondo. Ukuba amaza
e-electromagnetic anokusetyenziswa ukulawula uluntu ngengqondo.

20:27.768 --> 20:34.141
Ndikholelwa ukuba kuyabonakala ngakumbi nangakumbi
ukuba oku kuye kwaphandwa nzulu kangangamashumi eminyaka.

20:34.141 --> 20:36.720
Kukwakho neepatents ezininzi ngale nto.

20:36.720 --> 20:40.313
Koyikisa ukubona yonke into esele yenziwe.

20:40.313 --> 20:43.401
Ingakumbi, umzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-MK-ULTRA, njl.

20:43.401 --> 20:49.385
Ikwasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezilungileyo. Oku
kuyalinganiswa kusetyenziswa ii-EEG – ii-electroencephalograms.

20:49.385 --> 20:52.461
Ulinganisa ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zamaza
engqondo ezikhoyo nokuba zikwimeko enjani.

20:52.461 --> 20:59.221
Kwaye ke unokuyidlala kwakhona uze
ubeke abantu kwiimeko ezithile kakhulu.

20:59.221 --> 21:02.587
Andizukungeni kwiinkcukacha, kwakhona kungenxa yexesha kuphela.

21:02.587 --> 21:06.681
Yimbiza enkulu kakhulu, andikwazi ukuyivula yonke.

21:06.681 --> 21:15.915
Ngo-1999, iBhunga laseYurophu lwabhala ingxelo enamaphepha
amalunga nama-35. Ikomishoni ekhethekileyo yeBhunga laseYurophu.

21:15.915 --> 21:21.008
Oku kumalunga neprojekthi ekuthiwa yi-HAARP. Ene-A ezimbini.

21:21.008 --> 21:28.540
Oku kuthetha "High Frequency Active Auroral Research Programme".

21:28.540 --> 21:36.119
Oko kuthetha i-High Frequency Active Auroral
Research, oluyinkqubo yophando ngezakhanyiso zasemantla.

21:36.119 --> 21:41.951
Oku kwenzeka e-Alaska. Ngoku kukho
izikhululo ezinje phantse kwihlabathi lonke.

21:41.951 --> 21:45.848
Ewe kona, zonke ezi ziizikhululo zophando "ezikwizimvo".

21:45.848 --> 21:49.806
Ndiza kubuyela kokuba yintoni na kamva.

21:49.806 --> 21:53.827
Imalunga neenkqubo zokulawula i-ionosphere.

21:53.827 --> 21:58.587
I-ionosphere yinxalenye
ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu womoya wethu.

21:58.587 --> 22:01.029
Ukususela kwiikhilomitha ezimalunga nama-80 nangaphezulu.

22:01.029 --> 22:10.809
Iyionizwa kuba sihlala sinemijelo yombane apho,
ethi iyionizwe yimoya yelanga ize itshayelwe.

22:10.809 --> 22:15.115
Apho phezulu, umsinga uhlala uhamba kule plasma.

22:15.115 --> 22:20.910
Apho phezulu, kukho amandla ombane, kwaye ke
ngoko kulula kakhulu ukulawula izinto apho.

22:20.910 --> 22:32.076
IBhunga laseYurophu okanye iKomishoni libhala ukuba yinxalenye
yezixhobo zombane-magnethi kwaye ibeka isisongelo esiyingozi

22:32.076 --> 22:40.246
kakhulu kwindalo iphela, kwaye ke, nakwimpilo
yomntu, kuba le projekthi ijolise ekungeneni

22:40.246 --> 22:45.079
kwintsimi yamandla ebucayi kakhulu ye-biosphere iphela.

22:45.079 --> 22:48.341
Ngoko ke, kungekuphela kwi-ionosphere, kodwa naphantsi apha.

22:48.341 --> 22:54.258
Yinto eyingozi kakhulu.

22:54.258 --> 23:05.425
Ngoku zininzi iisithethi zeemaza zikanomathotholo ezinjalo,
kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zinempembelelo kwimpilo yethu sonke.

23:05.425 --> 23:12.645
Ngoku ndifika kule projekthi ye-HAARP,
okanye mandithi kwipatent yayo esisiseko.

23:12.645 --> 23:15.889
Yanikwa ngo-1987.

23:15.889 --> 23:22.440
Kuthiwa apha isihloko sithi: "Utshintsho kummandla okuthi
ekhona kwi-atmosfera, i-ionosphere okanye i-magnetosphere".

23:22.440 --> 23:25.978
IMagnetosphere iphezulu ngakumbi kune-ionosphere.

23:25.978 --> 23:31.261
I-ionosphere yibhanti yethu yokhuselo
ye-magnetic, enxulumene ngqo nentsimi ye-magnetic

23:31.261 --> 23:34.884
yoMhlaba, ejikeleza umhlaba wonke ikwimo efana ne-torus.

23:34.884 --> 23:40.693
Ngale ndlela, njengoko benditshilo
ekuqaleni, kunokwenzeka ukulawula umkhenkce womhlaba.

23:40.693 --> 23:43.956
Ipatenti ithi iplasma ingafudunyezwa.

23:43.956 --> 23:49.647
Oku kuyityhalela phezulu, kudale umsesane apho inyukele khona.

23:49.647 --> 23:53.912
Xa ndifudumeza umoya uze unyuke, ndiba
noxinzelelo olungaphantsi emazantsi.

23:53.912 --> 23:58.865
Oku kubangela intshukumo ethe tyaba, oko kukuthi umoya.

23:58.865 --> 24:06.241
Ndingayisebenzisa ke le mitha ye-electromagnetic
ukudida, ukuphambukisa okanye nokutshabalalisa irokethi.

24:06.241 --> 24:14.147
Yinkqubo yezixhobo. Yile nkqubo yeStar Wars
eyayikhuthazwa yi-US ngeminyaka yoo-1990.

24:14.147 --> 24:21.648
Loo patent inye ikwatsho ukuba umlinganiselo
we-ozone okanye we-nitrogen unokutshintshwa.

24:21.648 --> 24:26.470
Ungayitshintsha imvukelo yekhabhoni dayokside.
Ikhabhoni monokside – yona iyingozi nangakumbi.

24:26.470 --> 24:30.761
Iioksayidi zetsayinithi nezinye izinto
zinokomelezwa okanye zixutywe namanzi ukuze

24:30.761 --> 24:33.952
kulawulwe ukuhamba kwamanzi kokusingqongileyo.

24:33.952 --> 24:39.681
Ikwatsho ukuba intsimi yemagnethi
yoMhlaba ingancitshiswa okanye ide icinywe.

24:39.681 --> 24:42.746
Injongo, ewe, kukuphambukisa izixhobo
ezidubulwayo, kodwa ayiphelelanga apho.

24:42.746 --> 24:50.909
Kwaye into eyona iyinqaba yeyokuba ungakwazi ukulawula ezi
ziqwenga zeplasma phezulu kakhulu emkhathini ukuze zenze

24:50.909 --> 25:00.330
ilensi, ilensi yokukhanya, kwaye oku kukuvumela ukuba ugxininise
umkhondo wokukhanya kwelanga kwindawo ethile apha eMhlabeni.

25:00.330 --> 25:05.523
Uninzi lwenu mhlawumbi luye lwazama
ukulayita isinyithi ngesipili esikhulisa.

25:05.523 --> 25:10.188
Bendikwenza kakhulu oko ndisengumntwana.
Kungakhona ke kwenziwa ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu.

25:10.188 --> 25:17.101
Amagama angundoqo: izililo zamahlathi okanye
ezinye izililo okanye iingxaki zobushushu, njl.

25:17.101 --> 25:21.297
Nantsi indlela ekhangeleka ngayo
ihlathi lokuqala leentennathi eAlaska.

25:21.297 --> 25:27.722
Ezi zi-antenna eziphambeneyo, oko kukuthi,
ii-antenna zikanomathotholo eziqhelekileyo.

25:27.722 --> 25:35.567
Ezi antennas zikwazi ukuvelisa
iifrikwensi ukusuka kwi-30 kHz ukuya kwi-300 MHz.

25:35.567 --> 25:40.680
La ngamaza eradio aqhelekileyo. Into
endiyichazileyo ngaphambili ijongeka ngolu hlobo.

25:40.680 --> 25:45.225
Inxalenye ephezulu ye-atmosfera
ityhalelwa phezulu ukuya kubude be-ionosphere.

25:45.225 --> 25:55.013
Oku kudala uxinzelelo olungaphantsi. Emva koko kubakho
intshukumo ethe tyaba kunye nentshukumo yomoya ehambelanayo.

25:55.013 --> 26:05.667
Ukuba uguqula iifrikwensi endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili ukusuka
kwi-HAARP ukuya kwimigama yamaza, kwaye ujonga intshukumo

26:05.667 --> 26:11.589
yentliziyo, ufumana imigama yamaza ephakathi kwe-10 m ne-15 km.

26:11.589 --> 26:19.893
Umngxuma wamaza, isisu samaza, sisiqingatha saloo nto, oko
kukuthi i-5 m ukuya kwi-7.5 km. Xa ubona iintlobo zamafu ezinje,

26:19.893 --> 26:28.197
kufuneka uzibuze ukuba ngaba ngamaza amileyo avela kwintili
ye-föhn na, ukuba uyawabona kwiSwiss Plateau okanye nakumzantsi

26:28.197 --> 26:32.168
weJamani, okanye ukuba ikhona enye imbangela emva kwawo.

26:32.168 --> 26:36.399
Kum, ikhangeleka kanye ngolo hlobo.

26:36.399 --> 26:44.772
Oku kukwavela kwingxelo yophando malunga nophando lwe-HAARP,
echaza indlela amaza erediyo anokubethwa ngayo kwi-ionosphere.

26:44.772 --> 26:48.990
Ngenxa yokuba ikwazi ukuhambisa umbane, ingasetyenziswa
njengesipili kwaye inokubonelela ngokucupha nge-radar

26:48.990 --> 26:51.406
kunye nonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo olungcono kakhulu.

26:51.406 --> 26:54.228
Nanku kwakhona umxholo ovela kwiphepha lophando.

26:54.228 --> 27:00.528
Apha ungabona ukuba kukho iileya ezahlukeneyo ezihambisa umbane.

27:00.528 --> 27:03.506
Ngokwendalo, yi-ionosphere kuphela ehambisa umbane.

27:03.506 --> 27:07.215
Apha ezantsi, usenazo iileya
ezihambisa umbane. Ukwenza njani oko?

27:07.215 --> 27:12.560
Ngokukhulula iipartikheli
ezihambisa umbane phantsi ngakumbi emoyeni.

27:12.560 --> 27:19.225
Zinceda kakhulu ekufezekiseni
iziphumo ezithile ngala mawaza e-HAARP.

27:25.503 --> 27:29.217
Ngoku ndifikelela kanye kwezi zithako zisetyenziswayo apho.

27:29.217 --> 27:35.476
Ndiza kukuzisela enye ipatent. Yipatent
endala kakhulu, eyathunyelwa ngo-1966.

27:35.476 --> 27:40.797
Ngokukodwa, kwiMikhosi yaselwandle yaseMelika,
okuthetha ukuthi hayi kwinkampani yabucala, kodwa kurhulumente.

27:40.797 --> 27:46.821
Ndingathanda ukukhankanya ukuba ngelo xesha, phantsi
komthetho wamapatenti waseMelika, ipatenti

27:46.821 --> 27:51.230
yayinokugcinwa kangangeminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubuninzi.

27:51.230 --> 27:58.768
Kodwa oko kubiza kakhulu. Okukhona ipatent ikhula ngeminyaka,
kokukhona kufuneka uhlawule kakhulu ukugcina ukhuseleko lwayo.

27:58.768 --> 28:02.256
Ngoko ke yahlawulelwa iminyaka engama-17 yonke.

28:02.256 --> 28:09.927
Le patenti, nangona indala kangaka, ndiyifumana ibaluleke
kakhulu. Imele umzekelo weepatenti ezininzi, ukuba asizizo

28:09.927 --> 28:13.873
amakhulu, zomxube wentsimbi wokuvelisa umsi ofunxa umoya.

28:13.873 --> 28:17.536
Ngoko umsi utsala amanzi, utsala nomphunga wamanzi.

28:17.536 --> 28:24.560
Kwaye kutshiwo apho ukuba ufuna umxube wentsimbi,
kwaye uqulathe oku kulandelayo, phulaphula kakuhle:

28:24.560 --> 28:29.866
Iikhabhonethi zeLithium, isodium, ipotassium,
icæsium, irubidium, ikhalsiyam, imagnesiyam,

28:29.866 --> 28:32.735
istrontiyamu nebharium, kunye nemixube yazo.

28:32.735 --> 28:39.697
Ukongeza, iimetali ezilula ezifana ne-aluminiyam,
imagnesiyam, iyintshi okanye iyzirkoniyam, okanye imixube yazo.

28:39.697 --> 28:45.114
Ukongeza, isenzi esinyibilikayo esinyusa i-oksijini
esifana neenitrates, iiperchlorates, isodium,

28:45.114 --> 28:48.700
ilithium, ipotassium, ikalsiyam, ibarium kunye nestrontium.

28:48.700 --> 28:55.296
Kwaye kukwakho nesinye isidibanisi se-polyhalogen, endiza kubuya
kuso kamva, esifana ne-hexachloroethane okanye

28:55.296 --> 29:03.600
i-octachloropropane, esaphawulwa ngelungelo elilodwa lomenzi,
lanikezelwa kwaye lagcinwa iminyaka eyi-17 yi-US Navy.

29:03.600 --> 29:13.120
Enye ipatent enjalo ithi amaqhekezana eWelsbach asentstratospheri
anokukhululwa ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.

29:13.120 --> 29:17.894
Bazibandakanya kwingxoxo malunga
notshintsho lwemozulu kusukela ngo-1991.

29:17.894 --> 29:20.683
U-Welsbach wayengumphandi, kungoko
kubizwa ngokuba zii-particles zika-Welsbach.

29:20.683 --> 29:23.500
Lowo ngomnye wabantu abaye bacinga ngale ngcamango.

29:23.500 --> 29:31.655
Ndibonisa oku kuphela kuba kuthiwa apha
i-aluminium oxide okanye i-thorium oxide zilungele kakhulu.

29:31.655 --> 29:38.443
I-Aluminiyam sele ikhankanyiwe namhlanje njengenye
yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezingcolisayo emoyeni.

29:38.443 --> 29:46.891
Zininzi iipatenti, kuquka enye apha ethi amaqhekezana
afana nesanti anokusiwa kumphakamo ophezulu womoya.

29:46.891 --> 29:52.340
Kulula ngokwentelekiso ukuguqula iBoeing 737
ukuze ithwale iitoni ezingama-25 zomthwalo

29:52.340 --> 29:55.639
ikwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezili-18,000.

29:55.639 --> 30:06.705
Eli patenti linikwe ngo-2018. Ikwachaza ukuba
iithontsi zihlala phezulu emoyeni kangangeminyaka emibini.

30:06.705 --> 30:13.568
Ndiza kukubonisa enye into, ndiyathemba ayikudikisi
kakhulu. Le yipatenti evela kwa-GelTech Solutions.

30:13.568 --> 30:20.929
Zininzi kakhulu iividiyo zeYouTube ngalo
mbandela. Babizwa ngokuba "ngabaPhangi beeNkanyamba".

30:20.929 --> 30:26.961
Bafota ngeenqwelomoya indlela
ezazomelezisa okanye zibuthathamise ngayo izaqhwithi.

30:26.961 --> 30:34.848
Baye bavumbula into emangalisayo ngokwenene,
ipolymer, engumxube weplastiki. Itshizwa ibe lifu,

30:34.848 --> 30:39.222
elo fu lome, ze ke kwehle ijeli esibhakabhakeni.

30:39.222 --> 30:43.803
Le yenye indlela yokuthintela imvula.

30:43.803 --> 30:53.901
Kwaye ke kukho icandelo lezempilo. Enye ipatent entsha
ngokwentelekiso yanikwa inkampani yamagqwetha ngo-2015.

30:53.901 --> 30:59.985
Oku kudla ngokuba luphawu lokuba abaqambi
okanye abanini bokwenyani bafuna ukungaziwa.

30:59.985 --> 31:05.231
Kuthiwa apha ukuba le yinkqubo yokuhambisa
ngenqwelomoya iingcongconi eziyityhefu kusetyenziswa

31:05.231 --> 31:08.842
iidrone, oko kukuthi, iinqwelomoya ezingenabaphathi.

31:08.842 --> 31:17.378
Ukuba ujonge imifanekiso yepatent, usenokungayiboni kakuhle
apha, ngoko ke ndiyisondeze. Andiyongezanga mna loo nto;

31:17.378 --> 31:24.473
ngumfanekiso wepatent onentloko yomntu kwisiphathwa sedrone.

31:24.473 --> 31:29.931
Into eyenzekayo ngokwenene apho sele isiya
isivaqwa kwaye ifundwa kumajelo eendaba aphambili.

31:29.931 --> 31:32.878
Kodwa bahlala besithi akuyi kwenziwa,
kufuneka senze, kufuneka senze, kuyadingeka

31:32.878 --> 31:34.964
ngokungxamisekileyo ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu.

31:34.964 --> 31:43.620
Lelo lixhaphaza ngakumbi kune-COVID-19,
kodwa andinayo ixesha lokungena kuloo nto ngoku.

31:43.620 --> 31:50.681
Nangona kunjalo, kukho incwadi enomdla kakhulu ebhalwe
nguNjingalwazi David Keith. Andiyicebisi ukuba niyithenge,

31:50.681 --> 31:54.206
kodwa ukuba kukho anomdla, ndingakunika iingxenye zayo.

31:54.206 --> 31:59.039
Ndiyifumene, "A Case for Climate Engineering",
ngoko ke kufuneka senze ubunjineli bemozulu.

31:59.039 --> 32:03.376
Ngokoluvo lwam, ngoku ungoyena mphandi
uphambili kwi-geoengineering, othe

32:03.376 --> 32:06.022
ngokuqinisekileyo usoloko esithi ayizukwenziwa.

32:06.022 --> 32:11.120
Siyazi kakuhle ukuba kwenziwa njani, kodwa akwenziwa.
Bathi bonke bangabantu beengcinga zeyelenqe, utsho.

32:11.120 --> 32:17.321
Uchaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela afuna ngayo ukudibanisa
iimicroparticles ze-aluminium oxide eziyi-5 nanometres,

32:17.321 --> 32:23.634
ezentsimbi, oko kukuthi i-aluminium ecocekileyo, eziyi-30
nanometres, kunye nezinye eziyi-15 nanometres ze-barium

32:23.634 --> 32:31.179
titanate, ngokufana nesandwichi, kuba oku kungabuyisela
ukukhanya kwelanga ngokugqibeleleyo kwisithuba esiphakamileyo.

32:31.179 --> 32:37.292
Emva koko kukho enye incwadi, mhlawumbi uke weva
ngayo, ethi How to Avoid a Climate Disaster ebhalwe

32:37.292 --> 32:41.758
nguBill Gates othile. Ngokuqinisekileyo andiyicebisi leyo.

32:41.758 --> 32:48.336
Ithi nje ngokucacileyo ukuba olu lutyalo-mali oluvuza kakhulu.

32:48.336 --> 32:55.293
Andisayi kuphinda ndithethe ngaloo nto. Ngoku ndiza kuthetha
ngeziphumo kwezempilo, kuba yiyo eyona ngongoma iphambili.

32:55.293 --> 33:01.342
Ngoko ke, uthuli lwe-fly ash. Bendikhe ndabonisa
amaxwebhu angaphambili awayekhankanya uthuli lwekhabhoni.

33:01.342 --> 33:04.343
Intlabathi yomsi njengomngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.

33:04.343 --> 33:09.910
Eli lixwebhu lokuphonononga, oko kukuthi,
inqaku elishwankathela umsebenzi wophando omninzi.

33:09.910 --> 33:14.110
Yapapashwa kwiJenali yeNkqubela kwiMithi noPhando lwezoNyango.

33:14.110 --> 33:21.881
Kungqineke ukuba i-aluminium silicates, i-iron oxide,
i-magnetite, i-radionuclides, oko kukuthi ii-nuclides eziyingozi

33:21.881 --> 33:29.652
ngenxa yomthamo wazo wemitha, kwanazo nee-alpha emitters, ezona
ziyingozi kakhulu xa ziphefumlelwe, isilicon (isilicon

33:29.652 --> 33:38.082
esisulungekileyo asisempilweni), i-arsenic (ekwaziwa njengeyona
chefu), i-cadmium kunye ne-chromium, ezinokwandisa ngokucacileyo

33:38.082 --> 33:45.919
umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga okanye zibangele uxinzelelo
lweeseli lwe-oxidative, i-cytotoxicity (ubungchefu beeseli)

33:45.919 --> 33:51.101
kunye ne-genotoxicity, okuthetha ukuba zitshintsha ne-genome.

33:51.101 --> 33:54.921
I-asbestos iyathakazelisa; wonke umntu
uyayazi njengento enetyhefu kakhulu.

33:54.921 --> 34:03.285
Yisilikeyiti enefayibha ekwaqulethe i-ayini oxide eninzi
kwimo ekuthiwa iyafumaneka kumzimba. Sonke siyazi ukuba

34:03.285 --> 34:09.568
oku kubangele iimeko ezimbi kangakanani zomhlaza wemiphunga.

34:09.568 --> 34:16.560
Ngaphezu koko, uphando lokuphonononga lwango-2019, oluvela
nakwiJenali yeNkqubela kwiMithi noPhando lwezoNyango, lufumanise

34:16.560 --> 34:24.067
ukuba ukuchanabeka kwiinanozithimbu ze-ayini oyayidi kubangela
isifo sentliziyo, kwakhona ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-oksidayishini.

34:24.067 --> 34:33.091
Eli nqaku lithi ukuchanabeka kwi-iron
oxide kunokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo.

34:33.091 --> 34:43.092
Ababhali bophononongo lwale, othile uMarvin Herndon, obesebenza
nzulu kulo mbandela kunye noogxa bakhe, babhala kwakhona kweli

34:43.092 --> 34:50.817
nqaku ukuba kubalulekile ukunqanda i-geoengineering ngokukhululwa
kwee-aerosols, ingakumbi uthuthu lwe-fly

34:50.817 --> 34:58.102
ash, oluluthuli lothuthu olucole kakhulu,
ukuze kuphetshwe ukonakalisa yonke i-biosphere.

34:58.102 --> 35:04.304
Ngapha koko, lo ngomnye wemifanekiso embalwa
engeyiyo eyam; uthathwe nguLilian Anselmetti

35:04.304 --> 35:08.348
waseAufrecht Bern. Enkosi kakhulu ngokuwenza wafumaneka.

35:08.348 --> 35:14.444
Ndicinga ukuba iindlela amafu azakheka ngazo
awazibonayo kwingingqi yaseBern ziyamangalisa.

35:14.444 --> 35:23.397
Olunye uphando luka-2017 luthi ungcoliseko
lwemercury kwindalo iphela luyanda kakhulu kwaye oku

35:23.397 --> 35:28.947
kufuneka kube sisiphumo sokuphazanyiswa kwemozulu.

35:28.947 --> 35:35.744
Oku kupapashwe kwiJenali yeJografi,
iMekobume kunye neNzululwazi yeMhlaba yeHlabathi.

35:35.744 --> 35:37.636
Yayiyisifundo, hayi uphononongo.

35:37.636 --> 35:43.537
Amanzi emvula nekhephu alinganiswe kusetyenziswa
i-mass spectrometry. Kulinganisiwe ungcoliseko

35:43.537 --> 35:48.504
oluphezulu kakhulu lwemercury olungange-2 micrograms ngegram.

35:48.504 --> 35:54.438
Nangona iletha nemercury zehlisiwe kakhulu
kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo ngenxa

35:54.438 --> 35:58.609
yomthetho weRoHS, ungcoliseko olu luya lunyuka.

35:58.609 --> 36:02.900
Oku kukwabeka esichengeni impilo, kuquka iingozi
ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo, intliziyo nemithambo

36:02.900 --> 36:05.438
yegazi, kunye neengozi ezichaphazela amathumbu okuzala.

36:05.438 --> 36:12.705
Isenokubangela ukungabi nabantwana, ichaphazele
inkqubo yokhuselo lomzimba kwaye yonakalise ne-DNA.

36:12.705 --> 36:20.708
Olunye uphando endingathanda ukulukhankanya, oluvela
kwi-Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, lujongene

36:20.708 --> 36:25.378
nee-giant sequoias zaseCalifornia, la makhaya emithi ye-redwood.

36:25.378 --> 36:31.472
Ezinye zazo zineminyaka engaphezu kwama-3,000
ubudala. Zaphila kwimozulu efudumele kakhulu

36:31.472 --> 36:36.550
kunale sithi sinayo namhlanje okanye eneneni esinayo.

36:36.550 --> 36:45.511
Baye baba nexesha elomileyo elingummangaliso, ixesha elimanzi,
kunye nexesha elibandayo. Basaphila, kwaye ngoku bonke bayasifa.

36:45.511 --> 36:54.330
Uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwale nto lubonisa
ukuba indelelo yomsebenzi wobunjineli bomhlaba

36:54.330 --> 36:59.106
ibangelwe yiminyaka engamashumi eCalifornia.

36:59.106 --> 37:07.032
Kucacile ukuba ezi nanoparticles zityhefu zibangela ukuba imithi
ife. Ngokuyintloko, yioyile ye-aluminiyam ekwzi ezi

37:07.032 --> 37:15.931
nanoparticles ebangela ukuba imithi ivalise i-stomata yayo, oko
kukuthi, iindawo ezivulekayo kwiincindi okanye kumagqabi ayo.

37:15.931 --> 37:21.699
Emva koko azisabambisani ukufuma kwaye azisakwazi ukufunxa i-CO2.

37:21.699 --> 37:28.165
Ngokwenene, i-CO2 yeyona gesi yobomi ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ngekungabikho zityalo ziluhlaza ngaphandle kwe-CO2.

37:28.165 --> 37:35.880
Kukho kwanophando olutsha lweNASA oluthi uMhlaba uye waba
luhlaza ngakumbi kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo. Babhala

37:35.880 --> 37:39.324
bathi oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokunyuka kwamanqanaba e-CO2.

37:39.324 --> 37:42.715
Yintoni ingxaki ngaloo nto? Kodwa
yeyona nje isivakalisi esincinane.

37:42.715 --> 37:48.168
Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu ngumngxuma
we-ozone, oya usiba mkhulu ngokunyukayo.

37:48.168 --> 37:52.630
Akusaviwa nto ngayo ngoku. Ii-CFC zavalwa ngeminyaka yoo-1980.

37:52.630 --> 37:57.373
Ngoku akukho nto isenokusiphazamisa. Ngoko ke
abasasithi umngxuma we-ozone uyakhula ngokukhula.

37:57.373 --> 37:59.813
Ngoku siyazi ukuba ingakhuliswa njani.

37:59.813 --> 38:08.063
Urhulumente wase-US sele eyivumile
le nto ngokwakhe kumaxwebhu amaninzi.

38:08.063 --> 38:13.569
Esi sithuba se-ozone sithetha ukuba singakwazi
ukulinganisa i-UVB ne-UVC kumphezulu woMhlaba.

38:13.569 --> 38:20.345
Nkqu nesayensi eqhelekileyo iyavuma ukuba sinamanqanaba aphezulu
kakhulu e-UVB ne-UVC radiation. Le yiradiyeshini

38:20.345 --> 38:26.366
ye-UV eyingozi, enobude bemaza obusukela kwi-100
nanometres ukuya kutsho malunga ne-400 nanometres.

38:26.366 --> 38:31.200
Yiloo mitha ye-UV enobungozi ngokwenene.
Besingenayo leyo kumphezulu woMhlaba kwixesha elidlulileyo.

38:31.200 --> 38:34.549
Oko kusehla phezu kwethu ngomngxuma we-ozone.

38:34.549 --> 38:39.255
Oku, ewe, kuyingozi ngokufanayo kuthi thina
bantu njengoko kunjalo kwezi mithi ze-sequoia.

38:39.255 --> 38:45.703
Ndiza kuzitsiba izifundo ezimbalwa
ezilandelayo kuba zonke zithi into enye.

38:45.703 --> 38:54.641
Into ebangelwa yiyo yonke le nto. Ukufa okukhulu
kweenyosi, ukufa kwezinambuzane, zonke iingxaki zealgae.

38:54.641 --> 39:00.903
Ezi zikhula zobutyhefu ze-algae zenzeka ngenxa
yokufa kweplankton. Oku kubangelwa lulo lonke olu

39:00.903 --> 39:06.323
ngcoliseko lwee-nanoparticle kunye nengxwaba ye-ozone.

39:06.323 --> 39:13.621
Inani leentaka liyancipha, kwaye nangokungathanga ngqo, kuba
izinambuzane ziyanyamalala, njengoko kwenzeka nakwimivundla.

39:13.621 --> 39:20.000
Zonke ezi ziimfundiso endizifundileyo.
Ziyothusa ngokwenene ngokuchasene nefuthe elinayo koku

39:20.000 --> 39:24.655
kwindalo iphela, hayi kwimpilo yethu kuphela.

39:26.179 --> 39:32.524
Oku kunokuba sisizathu esibalulekileyo sazo zonke ezi nkxalabo
zeepartikheli. Nanamhlanje, andinakutsho

39:32.524 --> 39:38.265
ukuba ngaba kuyi-ntywila kuphela eziguqulwayo,
njengoko kuchaziwe kwipatent, iinqwelo-moya.

39:38.265 --> 39:44.462
I-B-77 eneetanki zeetoni ezingama-25. Okanye ingaba
yonke ijeti yabakhweli nayo iyafutha? Andiqinisekanga.

39:44.462 --> 39:48.816
Ndiyarhanela, kodwa luqikelelo nje,
ukuba zombini zenziwa ngaxeshanye.

39:48.816 --> 40:02.943
I-oyile yamanje ye-NATO, i-Jet Propulsive 8 (JP8),
iqulathe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezongezo eziyingozi.

40:02.943 --> 40:07.906
I-NATO ayizichazeli amazwe angamalungu
ayo ukuba zintoni na zonke ezi zongezelelo.

40:07.906 --> 40:15.489
Zikhusela kwikhenkce, kwiqhushumbo, ziqinisekisa iimeko
ezilungileyo zokugcina kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu.

40:15.489 --> 40:21.216
Ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo zase-Arctic kakuhle kanye
njengakwindiza. Ingasetyenziswa kwakhona

40:21.216 --> 40:27.552
ukunika amandla isitovu sekhempu, inqanawa okanye
inqwelomoya. Oko kufuna izongezo ezingapheliyo.

40:27.552 --> 40:33.455
Kukho uphando oluhle kakhulu lukaMarion
Hahn. Lunokufunyanwa nakwi-intanethi.

40:33.455 --> 40:39.439
Waba ngumntu owayegula ngenxa yokuba wayehlala
kufuphi nesikhululo somkhosi womoya. Unako ukubonisa

40:39.439 --> 40:43.639
ngokucacileyo ukuba oku kufuneka akubalele kwi-JP8.

40:43.639 --> 40:52.254
Apha ungabona ukuba ndifumene amashumi
amaxwebhu ophando lomkhosi asuka kwi-US Air Force.

40:52.254 --> 41:06.348
Nanku umzekelo wempepha yophando. Ndikholelwa
ukuba ivela kwiminyaka yoo-1990 okanye yoo-2000.

41:06.348 --> 41:14.843
Nokuba kunjalo, isibaso siye sahlolwa apha kwi-US Air Force.
I-Aluminium, i-barium, i-beryllium, ilothe, ikhadimiyam,

41:14.843 --> 41:22.103
ikhromiyam, ikhobhayithi, intsimbi, ikhophu,
imolibdenam, isodiyam, inikeli, istroniyam, ititaniyam,

41:22.103 --> 41:26.581
ivanadyam, izinki nethini ziye zafunyanwa kule JP8.

41:26.581 --> 41:33.590
Kwaye ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ii-oksayidi zazo zonke ezi
zinyithi kwaye, ukongeza, ii-polycyclic aromatic

41:33.590 --> 41:43.883
hydrocarbons ezifana ne-naphthalene kunye ne-alkyl-substituted
naphthalene, zonke ezi zizongezo ezisempilweni ngokumangalisayo.

41:43.883 --> 41:51.961
Kwaye ukuba uyijonga ngoku, le yoyile ye-NATO
yoyile yomkhosi. Kukho inkqubo yemibhobho

41:51.961 --> 41:56.975
eYurophu, kwaye lo mfanekiso uvela kwi-Wikipedia.

41:56.975 --> 42:02.103
Yonke into endiyibhalileyo apha ivela kwiWikipedia.
Andiqhele ukucaphula iWikipedia kuba uninzi lwayo aluyonyani.

42:02.103 --> 42:08.417
Kodwa nantsi le mfanekiso yee-1970.
Okunika umdla kukuba, abayihlaziyanga.

42:08.417 --> 42:13.546
Kwaye apha ungayibona le nkqubo yemibhobho kulo
lonke elaseYurophu. ISwitzerland ayikabandakanywa apha.

42:13.546 --> 42:22.317
Kodwa inqaku leWikipedia lithi ke, kwasekuqaleni
ngo-2009, i-90% yesibaso esithuthwayo yayithengiswa

42:22.317 --> 42:28.155
kubathengi abangengabo abomkhosi – esi sibaso seenqwelomoya.

42:28.155 --> 42:31.959
Kwaye phakathi kwabona bathengi
bakhululekileyo bakhulu kukho izikhululo zeenqwelomoya

42:31.959 --> 42:34.890
zaseFrankfurt, Cologne, Bonn, Zurich naseMunich.

42:34.890 --> 42:48.542
I-oyile ye-NATO yezinqwelomoya zabantu. Ngo-2016, kwathengiswa
i-12 lezigidi zeemitha ezine kubathengi babucala eYurophu.

42:48.542 --> 42:51.916
Ndithe ngaphambili ukuba kwanamajelo eendaba
aphambili apapasha amanqaku amaninzi ngakumbi ngalo

42:51.916 --> 42:53.957
mbandela, kodwa ke athi, ewe, loo nto ayinakuba yinyani.

42:53.957 --> 42:59.198
Enye inqaku elalijikeleza kumajelo eendaba aphambili
kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Kuyo yonke indawo,

42:59.198 --> 43:02.745
kuquka i-SRF, i-Watson, amazwe athetha isiNgesi, njl.

43:02.745 --> 43:06.837
Kwakuthiwa amanzi emvula akanandawo
ehlabathini anomgangatho ongcono kunayo.

43:06.837 --> 43:12.762
Nkqu naseAntarctica okanye kwiindawo
eziphakamileyo zaseTibet, isenokuphindwe ka-14 ngaphezu komda

43:12.762 --> 43:16.588
obekwe yi-Arhente yaseMelika yoKhuselo lweNdalo.

43:16.588 --> 43:21.632
Ngaphezu kwako konke, imalunga
nezi zinto kuthiwa yi-PFAS ne-PFOA.

43:21.632 --> 43:30.786
Ezi ziihydrocarbons ze-poly- ne-perfluorinated, oko kukuthi,
ii-hydrocarbons ezine-fluoride. Zifumaneka – kwaye oku

43:30.786 --> 43:39.488
kutshiwo kumajelo eendaba aphambili – kwizinto
zokuzihombisa, iishampu, iipakethe kunye neemveliso zokucoca.

43:39.488 --> 43:44.995
Ngoko ke ngoku siphinde sisolwa. Kodwa olu
phononongo lwenkqu lwe-Air Force luthe kukho

43:44.995 --> 43:49.274
iikhemikhali zefluorine apho, kwaye ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

43:49.274 --> 43:54.408
Ngoko ke, eyona nto imbi kakhulu ngezi
zidityanisiweyo zefluorine ivela phezulu.

43:54.408 --> 43:57.349
Le yeyona ncwadi yokuqala
eyacatshulwayo kumajelo eendaba aphambili.

43:57.349 --> 44:00.140
Ndisoloko ndikhangela izifundo zantlandlolo.

44:00.140 --> 44:02.120
Ndifuna ukufunda ukuba abaphandi benze ntoni apho.

44:02.120 --> 44:06.425
Kuyathakazelisa kananjalo ukuba
iTagesanzeiger icaphule umphandi waseDenmark.

44:06.425 --> 44:09.904
UMartin Scheringer, wase-ETH Zurich, naye uyabandakanyeka.

44:09.904 --> 44:19.196
Ngoko mhlawumbi ndingamqhagamshela ndimbuze ukuba
na bona baye bawathathela ingqalelo amafactor omoya.

44:19.196 --> 44:25.707
Ndenze uphando olongezelelweyo ndaza ndafumana incwadi ebizwa
ngokuba zii-Forever Chemicals, ethetha ngezicholo ezingonakaliyo

44:25.707 --> 44:29.001
kwaye zihlala kwisijikelezo somhlaba ixesha elide kakhulu.

44:29.001 --> 44:38.310
Oku ikakhulu kujongene ne-PFOA ne-PFAS, oko kukuthi
ii-hydrocarbons ze-perfluorinated neze-polyfluorinated.

44:38.310 --> 44:44.762
Kuthiwa zine kuphela kuzo ezaziwayo ngokwenene
neziye zaphandwa malunga nobungozi nobutyhefu bazo. Kwaye

44:44.762 --> 44:48.406
zezi zine kuphela ezinokungqinwa ngokuqinisekileyo.

44:48.406 --> 44:57.127
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziyobisi eziyi-6,500 ezidwelisiweyo zodwa,
kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba zingaphezu kwe-10,000 ezi ziyobisi.

44:57.127 --> 45:02.231
Ndibona uAlex emi apho, ngoko ke ndiza kusitsiba eseleyo ngoku.

45:02.231 --> 45:09.106
Bendingathanda ukukhankanya ngokufutshane ukuba imitha
engeyiyo eyonyanzelisayo kunye nemimandla yombane-magnethi

45:09.106 --> 45:12.842
nazo zinokubangela ukwaphuka kofuzo, nangona kungangqalanga.

45:12.842 --> 45:17.737
Kodwa ndiyazi ukuba kuza kubakho omnye isithethi,
ngoko ke ndingakuyitsiba le nto ndingenankathalo.

45:17.737 --> 45:24.561
Asizozinto zikwepeyintiweyo kuphela eziphezulu
ezibeka impilo esichengeni, kodwa kukho namaza

45:24.561 --> 45:28.359
onomathotholo nawemicrowave onetha phezu kwethu.

45:28.359 --> 45:31.576
Kwaye ndithetha nje ngale nto yokulawulwa kwemozulu ngoku.

45:31.576 --> 45:37.026
Okwangoku, ndiza kuyishiya i-5G, nkqu ne-4G, i-3G, njl.

45:37.026 --> 45:41.467
Ewe, ekugqibeleni, nazi ezinye iifoto
endizithathe ngokwam ngoMatshi nangoApreli.

45:41.467 --> 45:44.859
Akubonakali kakuhle kwi-projektha.

45:44.859 --> 45:48.601
Ngenxa yokuba ikwintaba ngokwenene,
ikhangeleka ngathi yintsila yomsi phezu kweLos Angeles.

45:48.601 --> 45:51.717
Loo nto ayinakuba yeyendalo. Kwaye sendiyiyekile.

45:51.717 --> 45:54.872
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa endizitsibileyo.
Ndiyathemba andikhange ndithetha ixesha elide

45:54.872 --> 45:56.579
kakhulu. Enkosi kakhulu ngokuqwalasela kwenu.