WEBVTT

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Nina babukeli abathandekayo, niyazi
ukuthini ngokuphathwa kwesimo sezulu?

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Ingabe le ndaba nayo ixoxwa ngokuphikisana endaweni
yakho futhi ivamise ukunganakwa njengombono wobuqili?

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Inkulumo elandelayo kaDokotela wezesayensi yemvelo
eSummer WEFF 2022 eDavos inikeza ulwazi olunzulu ngalolu daba.

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UPhilipp Zeller wafunda ifiziksi e-ETH
Zurich futhi unedokotela kwezesayensi yemvelo.

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Njengomshayeli wezindiza wokuzijabulisa, uZeller ubehlanganyela
eduze nezimo zezulu iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.

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Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waqaphela kakhulu
izimangaliso ezingajwayelekile esibhakabhakeni.

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Waqala ukwenza uphenyo lwakhe nocwaningo lwakhe.

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Ikakhulukazi ngezihloko ze-SRM (ukuphathwa kokukhanya kwelanga),
i-SAI (ukufakwa kwe-aerosol esitezi

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se-stratosphere) kanye ne-HAARP (iPhrojekthi
Yocwaningo Ebusebenzayo Yama-Aurora Emaza Aphezulu).

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U-Zeller, owayengumfundisi eyunivesithi, usebenze
emkhakheni wokubhalisa amapatenti iminyaka eminingi.

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Yingakho enolwazi olunzulu kule ndawo.

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Ngokucwaninga kwakhe, uthole cishe
amaphatenti ayi-1 000 ezobuchwepheshe zokulawula

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isimo sezulu – asukela ngonyaka ka-1892.

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Lesi sitatimende esilandelayo asihloselwe ukudala ukwesaba.

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Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu
kwenzeka noma ngabe siyazi noma asiyazi.

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Kunalokho, ukudalulwa kweqiniso okusekelwe emaqinisweni
kufanele kuphikisane nanoma yikuphi ukwenqaba kwalezi

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zenzakalo futhi kunikeze izizathu eziqinile ezingakhethi.

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Ngakho-ke, sicela wabelane ngale vidiyo
nabantu abangazi kodwa abafuna iqiniso.

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Lokhu kulandelwa inkulumo kaDkt.
Philipp Zeller eSummer WEFF 2022 eDavos.

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Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela ngobunjiniyela bemvelo kanye nezempilo?

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Njengoba ngishilo, ngifuna ukunikeza
isifinyezo esingaphelele semibhalo embalwa kahulumeni

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nemithetho ephathelene namalungelo obunikazi.

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Amapatenti awabhaliswa nje ngenjabulo; abiza imali eningi.

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Futhi kufanele futhi ufakazele ukuthi ziyasebenza, kungenjalo
ngeke zinikezwe, kanye namaphepha ocwaningo

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ashicilelwe, hhayi ngami mathupha, ngoba, njengoba
ngishilo, kufanele futhi kubonise ukugxila kwezempilo.

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Njengoba ngishilo, lokhu kuwukubuka konke nje;
ngiyaqhubeka nocwaningo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi.

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Angihlosile ukunikeza inkulumo yesayensi lapha,
ngokomqondo wenkomfa yesayensi, ngokwehlaka

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nokunye, kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo, isifinyezo nje.

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Futhi vele, ngingase ngibe nephutha, ngenza
amaphutha, noma ngingase ngicaphune okuthile okungenasisekelo

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esiqinile; ngifuna nje ukukusho lokho kusenesikhathi.

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Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela i-geoengineering?

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UNksz Weichelt wakhuluma ngama-chemtrails ngaphambilini. Ngizama
ukungasebenzisi leli gama ngoba likubeka ngokushesha njengomuntu

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okholelwa ezinkolelweni zokuhlelana, nakuba
leli gama laqanjwa yi-US Air Force

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ngeminyaka yama-1970. Yilokho okuhlekisayo ngakho.

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I-geoengineering ngokuqinisekile yigama elingakhethi, futhi
i-geoengineering ikakhulu ihilela ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu,

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okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ngokukhulula
amaqembe emoyeni, kodwa futhi ngokudlulisa

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amagagasi kagesi anamandla aphezulu emoyeni.

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Khona-ke, impela, ukuhlola umhlaba, ngoba konke
kumayelana nokuguqula, nokwakha umhlaba, i-geo, umhlaba.

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Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlola izimbobo,
ukugcwala kukawoyela, igesi, njll.

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Futhi empeleni, ngangingakholwa ekuqaleni, ungadala izivunguvungu
zomhlaba ngokwenziwa ngale misebenzi. Ekugcineni,

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ungaphinde ulawule insimu yemagnethi yomhlaba,
ikakhulukazi ngemisebe kagesi-magnethi eshiwo ngenhla.

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Kungani i-geo-injiniyeringi yenziwa ekuqaleni?

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Lokhu empeleni kubuyela empini ebandayo yonke,
eyasungulwa ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

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Empeleni, kwaqala kusenesikhathi, okungenani ngemizamo
yokuthonya isimo sezulu. Kodwa i-geoengineering

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esikalini esikhulu yaqala ngempela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

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Futhi ngithanda ukucaphuna umongameli wakudala waseMelika uLyndon
B. Johnson lapha. Engqungqutheleni yango-1962, wathi, futhi

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ngicaphuna: "Noma ubani olawula isimo sezulu ulawula umhlaba."

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Futhi lezi yizifiso zamandla
amakhulu kakhulu, aholwa yi-United States.

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Ngokungeziwe, leli khulumo liyatholakala ku-YouTube,
lapho ungayithola khona futhi ulizwe amazwi ayo angempela.

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Esikhathini esidlule – okuhlekisayo wukuthi abantu bahlale
benqaba ukuthi i-geo-injiniyeringi iyenzeka nhlobo – kodwa

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esikhathini esidlule bekunezinhlelo eziningi ezifana nalezi.

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Ngithanda ukukhuluma ngabantu abambalwa
abadume kakhulu abamanje abavunywa obala.

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Iphrojekthi iCumulus, eyaholela enkingeni enkulu yokuzonda
e-United Kingdom ngo-1952 lapho amafu

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ayethweswa izimbewu ngenhloso yokuwasungula
ngokwenziwa nokubangela ukuthi alithele imvula.

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Kwaba nohlanga olukhulu kakhulu, kwabulawa abantu
abangu-34 futhi izindlu eziningi zasuswa ngamanzi, njll.

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Kukhona, impela, izinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu,
kodwa kulokhu uxhumano lwabonakala ngokushesha kakhulu.

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Kwabe sekuthulwa iminyaka eminingi,
kunjalo, kuze kwagcina sekwavezwa.

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Kwabe sekuba nePhrojekthi Stormfury, eyayiqhuba kusukela ngo-1962
kuya ku-1971. Inhloso kwakuwukuthonya

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izivunguvungu ngokusabalalisa okubizwa
ngokuthi 'seeding', okusho ukukhulula izingcezu.

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Lokhu kwenziwa namuhla ngobungcweti
obukhulu kunalokho kwakwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi.

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Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyiphrojekthi
nje kuphela, isazigabeni locwaningo.

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Kanti-ke, njengoba abantu abaningi mhlawumbe besazi, kwakukhona
iphrojekthi i-Popeye, lapho imvula enamandla yavuswa ngenhloso

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phakathi neMpi yaseVietnam ukuze kugcwaliswe
udaka ezindleleni zokuhambisa izimpahla

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zamaVietcong nokuvimbela ukuthi zingasasetshenziswa.

06:22.297 --> 06:28.525
Ekugcineni, ngingathanda futhi ukukukhumbuza ukuthi sekube
nokuhlolwa kwamabhomu enuzi okungaphezu kuka-2

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000. Ngakho-ke kungani kudingeka ukuhlola ibhomu
elibhubhisayo nelonakalisa imvelo kaningi kangaka?

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Ngisho, uma ufuna ukuwakha, futhi senginokungabaza
ngalokho, khona-ke izivivinyo ezimbili noma

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ezintathu zanele ukuze uthole ukuthi zisebenza kanjani.

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Futhi namanje ungakwazi ukuyithola, emanzini,
emhlabathini nasemoyeni, yonke le radioactivity.

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Kukhona amashumi, noma ngabe amakhulu, wemibhalo esemthethweni,
eminye yazo eyayihlala itholakala obala, kanti eminye yachithwa

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ukuhlala iyimfihlo kamuva, ikakhulukazi e-United States,
lapho ungachitha khona amahora amaningi ucwaninga futhi ulanda.

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Ngithanda ukukhombisa ngokufingqiwe okukodwa kwazo
lapha, okungukuthi isiphakamiso sokuguqula isimo

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sezulu esiphakathi kweCongress yase-United States.

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Liyidokhumenti ebanzi kakhulu,
cishe amakhasi angama-200 ubude bayo.

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Futhi lapho – ngayihumusha ngokukhethekile, ivela ngo-1978 –
kuthiwa eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, okungukuthi kusukela ngo-1947

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kuya ku-1978 – angikhulumi ngalolu suku, ngikhuluma ngeminyaka
engu-30 edlule – izinhlelo eziyi-110 zokuphazamisa isimo

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sezulu zethulwe eCongress yase-United States futhi zavunywa.

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Ngo-1978, iCongress yaqala futhi yaxhasa uhlelo lwezwe lonke
locwaningo, okusho ukuthi lwawuhlanganisa izifundazwe eziningi.

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Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ukugxekwa ukuthi e-USA
kwakungekho mthetho kazwelonke wokulawula konke lokhu.

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Kwakudingeka ukuthi uzenzele izinto
futhi wawufuna ukuqalisa into efanele.

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Futhi-ke abantu babesaba ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba kwakusele
sekwenzekile – eVietnam, isibonelo – ngakho-ke babesaba ukuthi

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isitha singenza okufanayo, noma ukuthi izwe
lingasolwa ngokuzumayo uma kwenzeka isiphepho noma

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isomiso endaweni ethile, futhi abantu babeyothi:

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"Lokho kwakuwuhlaselo," futhi ngempela babefuna ukuvimbela
lokho. Yingakho kwadingeka balawule ngokufanele ngokomthetho.

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Kwathi-ke, ngo-1978 – okwaqalwa kusukela
ngo-1976 – kwethulwa isinqumo somthetho eNew York.

08:49.846 --> 08:57.300
I-UN yayingemuva kwalokho, okusho isivumelwano se-UN
esivimbela ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu noma

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yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuguqula imvelo ngezinjongo zempi.

09:01.882 --> 09:10.039
Futhi iSwitzerland nayo isivumile lo mthetho, okusho ukuthi
amazwe amaningi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke asivumile lo mthetho.

09:10.039 --> 09:18.310
I-Switzerland 1988, okusho ukuthi manje
isifakiwe emthethweni kazwelonke, ongayibheka

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eqoqweni lemithetho kazwelonke, inombolo 515.06.

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Lo mthetho empeleni uzwakala umuhle, futhi njengoba
ngishilo, i-US yawethula phakathi kuka-1976 no-1978 ngenxa

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yokuthi babezisola ukuthi izitha zabo zingase zenze okufanayo.

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Umthetho onjalo awusho ukuthi umuntu kumele awulandele.

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Kuzwakala kuhle kakhulu, izihloko ezimbili
eziyinhloko zokuqala nazo zizwakala kahle kakhulu;

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empeleni kukhuluma ngokuthi lokhu akuvunyelwe.

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Kodwa-ke kukhona isigaba sesithathu salomthetho,
futhi lesi sigaba sesithathu sithi kuqala ukuthi

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ukusetshenziswa ngezinjongo zokuthula kuvunyelwe, impela.

09:58.509 --> 10:02.084
Nokho, akukho ncazelo yokuthi
yini ebhekwa njengenhloso yokuthula.

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Futhi kukhona isigaba sesibili kulesi Sigaba 3, esithi
amazwe asayinayo ngisho azibophezele ekusekeleni lokhu:

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ukukhuthaza ukushintshana kolwazi nokunikela ngemali kukho.

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Akudingeki bahlanganyele ngokukhuthele,
kodwa kumele bayisekele futhi banikele.

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Futhi-ke kukhona okwengeziwe okubalulekile, okubizwa ngokuthi
isivumelwano ngesiArtikili 3, esithi asibheki umbuzo

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wokuthi lobu buchwepheshe obuguqula imvelo buphula
yini izinhlinzeko ezifanele zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

10:44.216 --> 10:51.096
Kungikhumbuza kancane ngomthetho ozokwethulwa
mayelana nokulawulwa kwezifo ezibhubhanayo.

10:51.096 --> 10:56.886
Kungenzeka usuvele uyazi lokhu, kodwa
thina baseSwitzerland sayamukela ngo-1988.

10:56.886 --> 10:59.460
Lokho empeleni kuyethusa.

10:59.460 --> 11:08.973
Manje ngizobuyela e-United States ngikubonise
omunye umbhalo owashicilelwa, owawuyisiphakamiso

11:08.973 --> 11:14.194
se-U.S. Air Force sokubikezela konyaka ka-2025.

11:14.194 --> 11:26.142
Leli dokhumenti uqobo lisukela ngo-1996, futhi
isihloko salo sithi: "Isimo sezulu njengomkhuphuli wamandla"

11:26.142 --> 11:36.404
Futhi isihlokwana sithi:
"Siyawulawula isimo sezulu kuze kube ngu-2025".

11:36.404 --> 11:42.076
Isifinyezo esifushane saleli dokhumenti:
Ngakwesobunxele, indlela yokulimaza isitha, kanti

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ngakwesokudla, indlela yokuzisekela wena nabalingani bakho.

11:46.234 --> 11:53.091
Nazi nje amagama ambalwa abalulekile: ukulimaza isitha
ngemvula namagagasi olwandle, okuhloswe futhi

11:53.091 --> 11:57.654
ngokwehlisa umoya wabasosha – kwelinye uhlangothi, ngokuthi.

11:57.654 --> 12:03.988
Kodwa ungaphinde uvuse isomiso nokuntuleka kwamanzi, kuze
abantu babe sengxakini enkulu kangangokuthi bayazinikela.

12:03.988 --> 12:12.187
Ungavusa izivunguvungu, ungaphatha i-ionosphere – ngizobuya
kulokho kamuva – ukuze isitha singasakwazi ukuxhumana ngefoni

12:12.187 --> 12:16.974
yomsakazo, noma i-radar yaso ingasakwazi ukuthola izindiza zaso.

12:16.974 --> 12:25.121
Ungakwazi ukusabalalisa intuthu namafu ukuze isitha
singafihli, noma ungakwazi ukuwadalela ukuze umangaze isitha.

12:25.121 --> 12:31.228
Futhi ungakwazi futhi ukwazi ukuthi isitha
sisebenzisa lezi zindlela ngokwabo noma cha.

12:31.228 --> 12:34.080
Futhi imikhuba yabo siqu cishe iyiphikisana ngokuphelele.

12:34.080 --> 12:42.787
Yebo, ngakho-ke uma unomsebenzi omkhulu wokuthutha, uqinisekisa
ukuthi alinamvula, imigwaqo iyomile, alikho

12:42.787 --> 12:53.609
isiphepho, futhi i-ionosphere ilungiselelwe kahle uma udinga
izimpawu zeraida nokuxhumana kwe-radio okuhle, njll.

12:53.609 --> 13:03.001
Leli dokhumenti – lisalokhu liyidokhumenti efanayo – liphinde
lisho, njengesifinyezo, uma izimo sezilungile, kumele futhi

13:03.001 --> 13:12.082
sikwazi ukusabalalisa uthuli lwekhofi – lolu hlelo lucacisa
ngokucacile uthuli lwekhofi, ikakhulukazi uthuli lwekhofi

13:12.082 --> 13:22.080
oluncane – endaweni efunwayo, okungukuthi endaweni yezitha,
ngendlela elawulwayo, ephephile, eshibhile futhi ethembekile.

13:22.080 --> 13:33.568
Izindlela zahlolwa, futhi kushiwo ukuthi amasu amaningi
okufafaza asevele acwaningwe. Umbhalo ungowango-1996.

13:33.568 --> 13:41.047
Indlela ephephile kakhulu futhi eshibhile kakhulu iyi-uhlobo
lwe-afterburner olusetshenziswa ezinjinini ze-jet,

13:41.047 --> 13:50.680
okuyisixhobo sokufaka esixhunywe ngemuva kwenjini ukuze
singenise lolu thuli lwekhabhoni kumjovo wokukhipha umusi.

13:50.680 --> 13:59.387
Futhi ngenkathi indiza idlula kule
ndawo, iyavulwa noma ingaphinde icinywe.

13:59.387 --> 14:06.886
Kungani uthuli lukawoyela? Lokho
kuyathakazelisa. Kukhona omunye umbhalo owashicilelwa kamuva

14:06.886 --> 14:10.700
ngaphansi koMthetho Wenkululeko Yolwazi, FOIA.

14:10.700 --> 14:14.649
Lokhu kwakuyimbhalo eyimfihlo, eyimfihlakalo.

14:14.649 --> 14:22.160
Lokhu kuvela eLabhoratri yePhilips
yoMnyango Ophakeme weGeofiziksi.

14:22.160 --> 14:27.430
Bahlala, vele, beluleka uhulumeni
waseMelika namabutho ezempi, njll.

14:27.430 --> 14:34.993
Ichaza ukuthi ungayandisa kanjani imvula, uyinciphise kanjani
imvula, uyandise kanjani amafu e-cirrus – amafu afana

14:34.993 --> 14:43.282
ne-veil esinawo njalo manje, angajwayelekile emvelweni, kodwa
esinawo noma kunjalo – noma ukuthi ungayisusa kanjani intuthu.

14:43.282 --> 14:50.532
Futhi konke lokhu – empeleni kuyisahluko sesine nje,
ngikukhiphile ngihlukanise – futhi kucacile ukuthi kumayelana

14:50.532 --> 14:56.375
namalahle amnyama, ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu ngamalahle amnyama.

14:56.375 --> 15:00.535
Ngizoyishiya leyo. Kunezincwadi eziningi kakhulu ezifana naleyo.

15:00.535 --> 15:07.067
Kuyethusa ukubona zonke izikhali ezicwaningwa futhi ezihlolwayo.

15:07.067 --> 15:11.117
Ngithanda ukucaphuna kafushane encwadini
ethile, encwadini ekhuthazayo kakhulu. Ngithole

15:11.117 --> 15:13.496
inguqulo yayo yokuqala esitolo sezincwadi zasendulo.

15:13.496 --> 15:21.126
Lencwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "Unless
Peace Comes", okuyikho esikuthemba.

15:21.126 --> 15:27.188
Yahlelwa nguNigel Calder ngo-1968, ngakho
isikhathi eside isikhona iminyaka eminingi.

15:27.188 --> 15:37.225
Futhi lo uNigel Calder wayengumlobi wezindaba
wesayensi onethonya elikhulu futhi odumile.

15:37.225 --> 15:46.529
Wacela abacebisi abahamba phambili bezempi kanye nososayensi
abaphezulu ukuthi banikele ngesahluko ngasinye

15:46.529 --> 15:55.473
kule ncwadi mayelana nomsebenzi wabo, indlela
abeluleka ngayo uhulumeni kanye nocwaningo abalwenzayo.

15:55.473 --> 16:00.485
Futhi isahluko esiyinqaba kakhulu noma
esijabulisayo kakhulu kule ncwadi, enezahluko eziyi-17,

16:00.485 --> 16:03.755
sibizwa ngokuthi: "Indlela esibhubhisa ngayo imvelo".

16:03.755 --> 16:13.866
Lena yisihloko sesahluko, futhi lesi sahluko sabhalwa nguProfesa
Gordon MacDonald, osefile, owayengumphathi we-geophysics kanye

16:13.866 --> 16:19.004
ne-physics yamaplanethi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eLos Angeles.

16:19.004 --> 16:27.631
Futhi wayeyilungu labasebenzi abeluleki bakaMongameli
uLyndon Johnson, engivele ngamcaphuna ngaphambilini.

16:27.631 --> 16:38.556
Isifinyezo salesi sahluko, esenza ukuba kufundeke kuyethusa.
Ubhala ngocwaningo olwalwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi ngo-1968.

16:38.556 --> 16:46.594
Izinkungu ezibandayo zingadalwa ngokwakha amakristalu
eqhwa, kanti izinkungu ezifudumele zingadalwa ngokwandisa

16:46.594 --> 16:50.809
ngokwenziwa amaconsi akhona ngokusebenzisa izingcezu.

16:50.809 --> 17:00.494
Kungenzeka ukudala amafu omile angavelisi imvula, esiwabone
kaningi muva nje. Amafu azungeze isiphepho somoya anokuvuselelwa

17:00.494 --> 17:05.683
ngenhloso yokuguqula, yokuqinisa noma yokunciphisa isiphepho.

17:05.683 --> 17:10.696
Ifoyili yensimbi noma izingcezu zensimbi zingawa
ukuze kuvezwe ukuqhuma kwemibani okwengeziwe;

17:10.696 --> 17:13.760
esikhathini esedlule kwakusetshenziswa ifoyili yensimbi.

17:13.760 --> 17:19.806
Ngakho-ke ukuqaqa kwemibani okwenzeka
ngaphandle kokuba lina noma kube nesiphepho.

17:19.806 --> 17:21.726
Siyazi kahle kakhulu.

17:21.726 --> 17:28.487
Ungadala izivunguvungu, ungavimbela ukugcwala
kwamanzi ukuthi kungashisi ngamashidi e-polymer ukuze

17:28.487 --> 17:32.405
kungabi namafu, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.

17:32.405 --> 17:35.717
Empeleni, amanzi amaningi azoshisa abe umusi.

17:35.717 --> 17:40.011
Kungenzeka ukuguqula isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke,
futhi ubhala ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngokwemvelo

17:40.011 --> 17:42.927
noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke kulula ukufihla le misebenzi.

17:42.927 --> 17:47.013
Akekho ozokwazisa ukuthi ngabe kuyinto
yemvelo noma ukuthi kukhona umuntu ongemuva kwayo.

17:47.013 --> 17:49.908
Akugcini lapho, nginayo ikhasi lesibili.

17:49.908 --> 17:53.529
Kungenzeka ukudala izimbobo ze-ozoni.

17:53.529 --> 17:57.721
1968, nje ukuze uhlolisise izibalo.

17:57.721 --> 18:05.929
Kukhona ubuchule obumangalisayo obungasetshenziswa
ukwenza ukuqhuma kwe-athomu, ukuhlolwa kwenyukliya

18:05.929 --> 18:10.538
ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kweqhwa lase-Antarctica.

18:10.538 --> 18:16.425
Isicubu seqhwa sase-Antarctica cishe sinobukhulu
obuyi-100 amakhilomitha, okuyinani elimangalisayo leqhwa.

18:16.425 --> 18:23.108
Khona-ke, ngenxa yokushisa ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba
seqhwa, kwakhiwa ungqimba wamanzi, futhi ingxenye enkulu

18:23.108 --> 18:27.335
yale qhwa izoslayida iye olwandle sengathi islayidini.

18:27.335 --> 18:32.148
Lokhu kungabangela inkathi yomkheni emhlabeni wonke.

18:32.148 --> 18:39.266
Kulula kancane. Ungadubula izingxenye
zasogwini, futhi zizovusa i-tsunami.

18:39.266 --> 18:45.168
Angazi ukuthi ngubani owawazi
ukuthi i-tsunami iyini ngonyaka ka-1968.

18:45.168 --> 18:50.058
Kufanele ngivume ukuthi ngikwazi lokhu kuphela kusukela
ngo-2006, nakuba ngangifunda ifiziksi ngaphambi kwalokho.

18:50.058 --> 18:57.032
Kodwa bengingaqhelile kuma-tsunami. Ukuqhuma
komhlaba kungadalwa ngokuvusa ungqimba lwamanzi

18:57.032 --> 19:00.960
olungamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngokujula ngaphansi komhlaba.

19:00.960 --> 19:05.784
Kuseduze kakhulu nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti
elithathu. Angifuni ukungena emininingwaneni mayelana

19:05.784 --> 19:09.275
nezimo zento zamanzi manje, ngenxa yesikhathi kuphela.

19:09.275 --> 19:16.668
Kusondele ephuzwini eliphindwe kathathu kusho indawo
amanzi anobuningi obukhulu, lapho angashintsha

19:16.668 --> 19:21.587
ngokushesha abe amanzi abandayo ngokweqile noma abe umusi, njll.

19:21.587 --> 19:26.103
Uma uzwa ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaba
nesizinda sayo ngobude obungu-10

19:26.103 --> 19:29.636
amakhilomitha, kufanele uhlale ulalele ngokucophelela.

19:29.636 --> 19:33.931
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi zonke
izinhlekelele ezinkulu, ezifana neFukushima,

19:33.931 --> 19:38.226
zazinenhliziyo yazo ejulile ngamakhilomitha ayi-10.

19:38.226 --> 19:42.803
Angikwazi ukufakazela lutho, kodwa
kuwukuhlangana okuthakazelisayo.

19:42.803 --> 19:45.910
Ungaguqula umfudlana wejazi.

19:45.910 --> 19:50.854
Ngizokukhombisa lokho kafushane kamuva. Kulabo abangazi
ukuthi i-jet stream iyini: yimimoya enamandla esezindaweni

19:50.854 --> 19:53.751
eziphakeme cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10 ezijikeleza umhlaba wonke.

19:53.751 --> 19:57.478
Ungadala izivunguvungu. Ngicabanga
ukuthi sengishilo lokho ekhasini eledlule.

19:57.478 --> 20:03.443
Futhi-ke umphumela ophambili waleli sahluko
sencwadi kaProfesa MacDonald wukuthi umuntu angakwazi

20:03.443 --> 20:06.671
ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ukungazinzi emhlabeni.

20:06.671 --> 20:13.183
Ngakho-ke, ngokuyisisekelo, uma into ihlala
isengozini, udinga kuphela ukufaka amandla ambalwa

20:13.183 --> 20:18.210
ukuze uyiholele ngakolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye.

20:18.210 --> 20:24.164
Ekugcineni, ukhuluma futhi ngokulawulwa
kwengqondo. Ukuthi amagagasi kagesi-magnethi

20:24.164 --> 20:27.768
angasetshenziswa ukulawula ingqondo yabantu.

20:27.768 --> 20:34.141
Ngikholelwa ukuthi sekuyabonakala kakhulu ukuthi
lokhu sekucwaningwe ngokujulile iminyaka eminingi.

20:34.141 --> 20:36.720
Kukhona futhi namapatenti amaningi ngalokhu.

20:36.720 --> 20:40.313
Kuyethusa ukubona konke okusele kwenziwe.

20:40.313 --> 20:43.401
Ikakhulukazi, isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-MK-ULTRA, njll.

20:43.401 --> 20:49.385
Kusetshenziswa futhi ngezinhloso ezinhle. Lokhu kuyalinganiswa
kusetshenziswa ama-EEG – ama-electroencephalogram.

20:49.385 --> 20:52.461
Ulinganisa ukuthi yiziphi amagagasi
ebuchosheni akhona nokuthi asesimweni sini.

20:52.461 --> 20:59.221
Futhi-ke ungakwazi ngokuyisisekelo ukuyidlala
futhi ubeke abantu ezimweni ezithile kakhulu.

20:59.221 --> 21:02.587
Angizukungena emininingwaneni, futhi
lokhu kungenxa yesikhathi kuphela.

21:02.587 --> 21:06.681
Ibhari elikhulu kakhulu, angikwazi ukulivula lonke.

21:06.681 --> 21:15.915
Ngo-1999, iKhonsili yaseYurophu yabhala umbiko onamakhasi
cishe angu-35. Ikomishini ekhethekile yeKhonsili yaseYurophu.

21:15.915 --> 21:21.008
Lokhu kuthinta okubizwa ngokuthi
iphrojekthi ye-HAARP. Nge-A ezimbili.

21:21.008 --> 21:28.540
Lokhu kusho "Uhlelo Lwezocwaningo
Olusebenzayo Lwe-Aurora Ngamazinga Aphezulu"

21:28.540 --> 21:36.119
Lokho kusho i-High Frequency Active Auroral Research,
okuyinhlelo yocwaningo ngemibala yokukhanya yasenyakatho.

21:36.119 --> 21:41.951
Lokhu kwenzeka e-Alaska. Manje sekukhona
iziteshi ezifana nalezi cishe emhlabeni wonke.

21:41.951 --> 21:45.848
Impela, zonke lezi iziteshi zocwaningo
"eziphakathi kwezimpawu zokucaphuna".

21:45.848 --> 21:49.806
Ngizobuyela ekutheni lokho kuyini kamuva.

21:49.806 --> 21:53.827
Kuyimayelana nezinhlelo zokuphatha i-ionosphere.

21:53.827 --> 21:58.587
I-ionosphere ingxenye ephakeme kakhulu yomkhathi wethu.

21:58.587 --> 22:01.029
Kusukela cishe kumakhilomitha angama-80 nangaphezulu.

22:01.029 --> 22:10.809
Iyionizwa ngoba sihlala sinezishayeli zikagesi
lapho eziyionizwa ngumoya welanga bese zigqwetshwa.

22:10.809 --> 22:15.115
Phezulu lapho, ukuhamba kukagesi kuhlala kugeleza kule plasma.

22:15.115 --> 22:20.910
Phezulu lapho, kukagesi, futhi vele
kulula kakhulu ukuphatha izinto lapho.

22:20.910 --> 22:32.831
IKomidi yaseYurophu noma iKomishana libhala ukuthi kuyingxenye
yezikhali zikagesi-magnethi futhi kubeka ingozi enkulu kakhulu

22:32.831 --> 22:40.461
emvelweni wonke nasempilweni yabantu, ngoba
lo msebenzi uhlose ukungena ensimini

22:40.461 --> 22:45.079
yamandla ebucayi kakhulu kuyo yonke i-bhayosiferi.

22:45.079 --> 22:48.341
Ngakho-ke hhayi kuphela kwi-ionosphere, kodwa naphansi lapha.

22:48.341 --> 22:54.258
Kuyisenzo esiyingozi kakhulu.

22:54.258 --> 23:05.425
Manje sekunezithumeli eziningi zamagagasi
eradio, futhi ngempela zithinta impilo yethu sonke.

23:05.425 --> 23:12.645
Manje sengifika kulo msebenzi we-HAARP,
noma ngempela kumpatenti yawo eyisisekelo.

23:12.645 --> 23:15.889
Yanikezwa ngo-1987.

23:15.889 --> 23:22.440
Kuthiwa lapha ukuthi isihloko sithi: "Ushintsho
endaweni ye-atmosfera, i-ionosphere noma i-magnetosphere".

23:22.440 --> 23:25.978
I-magnetosphere iphezulu kakhulu kunayo i-ionosphere.

23:25.978 --> 23:31.261
I-ionosphere iyibhande lethu lokuvikela
elinamagneti, elixhumene ngqo nensimu yamagneti

23:31.261 --> 23:34.884
yoMhlaba, ehamba emhlabeni wonke ngesimo se-quasi-torus.

23:34.884 --> 23:40.693
Ngale ndlela, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni,
kungenzeka ukuphatha insimu yemagnethi yoMhlaba.

23:40.693 --> 23:43.956
Iphatenti ithi iplasma ingashiswa.

23:43.956 --> 23:49.647
Lokhu kukhuphula phezulu, kudala isikhala
esingenalutho lapho sekukhuphukile khona.

23:49.647 --> 23:53.912
Uma ngishisa umoya bese uyakhuphuka,
ngiba nengcindezi engemuhle ngaphansi.

23:53.912 --> 23:58.865
Lokhu kubangela ukunyakaza
okuhambela ngokuvundlile, okungukuthi umoya.

23:58.865 --> 24:06.241
Ngingasebenzisa-ke le mikhukhula kagesi nemagnethi
ukudida, ukuphambukisa noma ngisho nokubhubhisa irokhethi.

24:06.241 --> 24:14.147
Liyisistimu yezikhali. Lolu hlelo lwe-Star Wars
olwakhushulwa yi-United States ngeminyaka yama-1990.

24:14.147 --> 24:21.648
Lelo patent efanayo liphinde lisho ukuthi
umthamo we-ozoni noma we-nitrojeni ungashintshwa.

24:21.648 --> 24:26.470
Ungashintsha ukugxila kwekhabhoni
dayokside. I-carbon monoxide – iyingozi nakakhulu.

24:26.470 --> 24:33.952
Ama-oxide enitrojeni nezinye izinto zingagxilwa noma
zixutshwe namanzi ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza kwemvelo.

24:33.952 --> 24:39.681
Kuphinde kuthiwa ukuthi insimu yemagnethi
yoMhlaba ingancishiswa noma ngisho icinywe.

24:39.681 --> 24:42.746
Inhloso, vele, ukuhambisa izindiza
ngaphandle, kodwa akuyona yonke into.

24:42.746 --> 24:51.189
Futhi okungakholakali ngempela wukuthi ungakwazi ukuphatha lezi
zingcezu zeplasma eziphakeme emkhathini ukuze zakhe

24:51.189 --> 25:00.330
ilensi, ilensi yokubona, futhi lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi
ugxilise umugqa wokukhanya kwelanga endaweni ethile emhlabeni.

25:00.330 --> 25:05.523
Abaningi kini kungenzeka ukuthi nizamile
ukushisa i-tinder ngengilazi yokwandisa.

25:05.523 --> 25:10.188
Bengikwenza kaningi ngisemncane.
Kungakwenzeka-ke ukuthi kwenziwe ngobuningi.

25:10.188 --> 25:17.101
Izihloko ezibalulekile: izicishamlilo emahlathini noma
ezinye izicishamlilo noma izinkinga zokushisa, njll.

25:17.101 --> 25:21.297
Nansi indlela ihlathi lokuqala
lama-antenna e-Alaska elibukeka ngayo.

25:21.297 --> 25:27.722
Lezi yizithumeli zomsakazo eziphambene-diagonal,
okusho ukuthi ziyizithumeli zomsakazo ezijwayelekile.

25:27.722 --> 25:35.567
Lezi zithumeli zomsakazo zingakhiqiza
amafrequensi asuka ku-30 kHz kuya ku-300 MHz.

25:35.567 --> 25:40.680
Lezi yizagele zomsakazo ezijwayelekile.
Engikuchazile ngaphambilini kubukeka kanje.

25:40.680 --> 25:45.225
Ingxenye engenhla ye-atmosfera idonswa
phezulu kuze ifinyelele ebangeni le-ionosphere.

25:45.225 --> 25:55.013
Lokhu kudala ingcindezi engemuhle. Bese
kuba nokunyakaza okuhambisanayo nomoya.

25:55.013 --> 26:05.270
Uma uguqula amafrequensi engizishilo ngaphambilini kusuka
ku-HAARP uye kubude begagasi, bese ubheka igagasi

26:05.270 --> 26:11.589
lenhliziyo, uthola ubude begagasi phakathi kuka-10 m no-15 km.

26:11.589 --> 26:19.150
Umgodi wegagasi, isisu segagasi, ingxenye yalokho, okungukuthi
imitha eyi-5 kuya ku-7.5 km. Uma ubona ukwakheka kwamafu

26:19.150 --> 26:25.695
okunjalo, kufanele uzibuze ukuthi ngabe lawa magagasi alimi avela
egodini le-föhn, uma uwabona ePlateau

26:25.695 --> 26:32.168
yaseSwitzerland noma ngisho naseNingizimu Germany,
noma ngabe kukhona enye imbangela ngemuva kwawo.

26:32.168 --> 26:36.399
Kimi, kubukeka ngqo kanjalo.

26:36.399 --> 26:44.772
Lokhu futhi kuvela embikweni wocwaningo nge-HAARP, ochaza
ukuthi amagagasi erediyo angabonakaliswa kanjani kwi-ionosphere.

26:44.772 --> 26:48.682
Ngenxa yokuhambisa ugesi, ingasetshenziswa
njengesibuko futhi inganikeza ukwengamela

26:48.682 --> 26:51.406
kwe-radar nokuxhumana ngezomsakazo okungcono kakhulu.

26:51.406 --> 26:54.228
Nansi futhi ingxenye evela ephepheni locwaningo.

26:54.228 --> 27:00.528
Lapha ungabona ukuthi kunezilayela ezihambisa ugesi ezahlukene.

27:00.528 --> 27:03.506
Ngokwemvelo, i-ionosphere kuphela ehambisa ugesi.

27:03.506 --> 27:07.215
Lapha ngezansi, usenazo izingqimba
ezihambisa ugesi. Ukwenza kanjani lokho?

27:07.215 --> 27:12.560
Ngokukhulula izingcezu ezihambisa
ugesi phansi kakhulu emkhathini.

27:12.560 --> 27:19.225
Zisiza kakhulu ekufezeni imiphumela ethile ngale migqa ye-HAARP.

27:25.503 --> 27:29.217
Manje ngifika kulezi zingxenye ezisetshenziswa khona.

27:29.217 --> 27:35.476
Ngizokuletha enye ipatenti. Ipatenti
endala kakhulu, eyinikezwe ngo-1966.

27:35.476 --> 27:40.797
Ikakhulukazi, eMkhandlwini Wasemanzini wase-United States,
okusho ukuthi hhayi enkampanini yangasese, kodwa kuhulumeni.

27:40.797 --> 27:47.247
Ngifuna ukukhuluma ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi,
ngaphansi komthetho wamapatenti waseMelika,

27:47.247 --> 27:51.230
ipatenti yayingagcinwa iminyaka engu-17 kuphela.

27:51.230 --> 27:58.768
Kodwa lokho kubiza kakhulu. Lapho iphatenti isikhulile,
kudingeka ukhokhe kakhulu ukuze ugcine ukuvikelwa kwayo.

27:58.768 --> 28:02.256
Ngakho-ke kwakhokhelwa iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa yonke.

28:02.256 --> 28:08.035
Lena ipatenti, yize isidala kangaka, ngiyithola ifanelekile
kakhulu. Imele isibonelo sezinkulungwane, noma ngabe

28:08.035 --> 28:13.873
izinkulungwane eziningi, zamapatenti eziqukethe
inhlanganisela yensimbi yokukhiqiza intuthu ethatha umswakama.

28:13.873 --> 28:17.536
Ngakho-ke uthuthu ludonsa amanzi, ludonsa ivapha lamanzi.

28:17.536 --> 28:24.560
Futhi kuthiwa lapho ukuthi udinga inhlanganisela
yensimbi, futhi iqukethe okulandelayo, bamba ngokuqinile:

28:24.560 --> 28:29.755
Amakarbonethi e-lithium, e-sodium, e-potassium,
e-caesium, e-rubidium, e-calcium, e-magnesium,

28:29.755 --> 28:32.735
e-strontium kanye ne-barium, kanye nezixube zazo.

28:32.735 --> 28:39.697
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi ezilula ezifana ne-aluminium,
i-magnesium, i-zinc noma i-zirconium, noma inhlanganisela yazo.

28:39.697 --> 28:45.125
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejenti yokuxubha
engenangqimba enjenge-nitrates, perchlorates, sodium,

28:45.125 --> 28:48.700
lithium, potassium, calcium, barium kanye ne-strontium.

28:48.700 --> 28:55.926
Futhi kukhona futhi inhlanganisela ye-polyhalogen engizobuyela
kuyo kamuva, njenge-hexachloroethane noma

28:55.926 --> 29:03.600
i-octachloropropane, eyayiphatentwe, yanikezwa
futhi yagcinwa iminyaka engu-17 yi-US Navy.

29:03.600 --> 29:09.482
Enye ipatenti enjalo ithi ama-partikuli
e-Welsbach ase-stratosfairi

29:09.482 --> 29:13.120
angakhululwa ukuze anciphise ukufudumala komhlaba.

29:13.120 --> 29:17.894
Bazibandakanya emkhankasweni
wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngo-1991.

29:17.894 --> 29:20.683
Welsbach wayengumcwaningi, ngakho-ke ama-partikuli ka-Welsbach.

29:20.683 --> 29:23.500
Lowo ngomunye wabantu abaye benza lo mbono.

29:23.500 --> 29:31.655
Ngikhombisa lokhu kuphela ngoba lapha kubhalwe ukuthi
i-aluminium oxide noma i-thorium oxide zilungele kakhulu.

29:31.655 --> 29:38.443
I-aluminium isivele ikhulunywe ngayo namuhla
njengenye yezinto ezingcolisa kakhulu emkhathini.

29:38.443 --> 29:46.891
Kunezimpatente eziningi, kuhlanganisa eyodwa ethi izingcezu
ezifana nesihlabathi zingalethelwa emkhathini ophezulu.

29:46.891 --> 29:55.639
Kulula kakhulu ukuguqula i-Boeing 737 ukuze ithwale
amathoni angu-25 impahla ebude obungu-18 000 amamitha.

29:55.639 --> 30:06.705
Leli patent linikezwe ngo-2018. Liphinde lisho ukuthi lezi
zingcezu zihlala phezulu emkhathini cishe iminyaka emibili.

30:06.705 --> 30:13.568
Ngizokukhombisa enye into, ngiyethemba ukuthi akudikibali
kakhulu. Lona ilungelo lobunikazi elivela kwa-GelTech Solutions.

30:13.568 --> 30:20.929
Kunezividiyo ezingabaleki ku-YouTube ngalesi
sihloko. Zibizwa ngokuthi "Chasing Hurricanes".

30:20.929 --> 30:26.961
Bashutha ngezindiza ukuthi bangawakhulisa
kanjani noma bawanciphise kanjani izivunguvungu.

30:26.961 --> 30:34.249
Bakhe umkhiqizo omangalisayo kakhulu, i-polymer,
okuyinhlanganisela yeplastiki. I-polymer

30:34.249 --> 30:39.222
ifafazwa efwini, ifwini lomile, bese i-gel iwa ezulwini.

30:39.222 --> 30:43.803
Lena enye indlela yokuvimbela imvula.

30:43.803 --> 30:53.901
Futhi-ke kukhona ingxenye yezempilo. Enye iphatenti entsha
ngokulinganisela yanikezwa ngo-2015 enkampanini yezomthetho.

30:53.901 --> 30:59.985
Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi abasunguli
noma abanikazi bangempela bafuna ukuhlala bengaziwa.

30:59.985 --> 31:04.782
Kuthiwa lapha ukuthi lokhu kuyisistimu
yokulethwa endizayo yezimpukane ezinobuthi

31:04.782 --> 31:08.842
kusetshenziswa ama-drone, okusho izindiza ezingenabantu.

31:08.842 --> 31:17.637
Uma ubheka izithombe zamalungelo obunikazi, kungenzeka ungaziboni
kahle lapha, ngakho ngizisondeze. Angikange ngiyifake; yisithombe

31:17.637 --> 31:24.473
selungelo lobunikazi esinekhanda elibanjwe ku-payload yedrone.

31:24.473 --> 31:29.931
Lokho okwenziwa ngempela lapho sekuyanda ukuzwakala
nokufundwa ezinkundleni zemithombo yezindaba ezisemqoka.

31:29.931 --> 31:32.892
Kodwa bahlala besho ukuthi ngeke kwenziwe,
kumele senze, kumele senze, kuyadingeka

31:32.892 --> 31:34.964
ngokuphuthumayo ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

31:34.964 --> 31:43.620
Lena inkohliso enkulu kakhulu kunaleyo yeCorona,
kodwa okwamanje anginayo isikhathi sokungena kuyo.

31:43.620 --> 31:50.450
Noma kunjalo, kunencwadi ethakazelisayo kakhulu ebhalwe
nguProfesa David Keith. Angincomi ukuyithenga, kodwa

31:50.450 --> 31:54.206
uma kukhona onentshisekelo, ngingahlinzeka ngezicucu zayo.

31:54.206 --> 31:59.039
Ngiyitholile, "Icala Lokwenziwa Kwezimo Zezulu",
ngakho-ke kumele senze ubunjiniyela bezimo zezulu.

31:59.039 --> 32:06.022
Ngokubona kwami, njengamanje ungumcwaningi ohola phambili
kwezobunjiniyela bomhlaba, owathi, impela, ngeke kwenziwe.

32:06.022 --> 32:11.120
Siyazi kahle ukuthi senzeni, kodwa akwenziwa. Bathi
bonke bangabantu abakholelwa ezinkolelweni zokuhlelana.

32:11.120 --> 32:17.919
Uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ufuna kanjani ukuhlanganisa
ama-microparticle angu-5 nanometres e-aluminium oxide, angu-30

32:17.919 --> 32:23.932
nanometres wensimbi, okungukuthi i-aluminium ehlanzekile, bese
engeza angu-15 nanometres e-barium titanate,

32:23.932 --> 32:31.179
njengokudla kwasemaphakathi kwesandwichi, ngoba lokhu
kuzosabalalisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngempumelelo emkhathini.

32:31.179 --> 32:37.591
Kukhona enye incwadi ongase uke wezwa ngayo,
ethi How to Avoid a Climate Disaster ebhalwe uBill

32:37.591 --> 32:41.758
Gates othile. Angincomi nhlobo ukuyithenga leyo.

32:41.758 --> 32:48.336
Kusho nje ukuthi lokhu kuyitshalomali elinenzuzo enkulu.

32:48.336 --> 32:55.293
Angisoze ngaphinde ngikhulume ngalokho. Manje ngizodlulela
emiphumeleni yezempilo, ngoba yilokho okuyinkinga eyinhloko.

32:55.293 --> 33:01.342
Ngakho-ke, uthuli lwezindiza. Bengike
ngakhombisa imibhalo eyayikhuluma ngothuli lukakhala.

33:01.342 --> 33:04.343
Uthuli lwe-fly njengomthombo wengozi womdlavuza wemiphaphu.

33:04.343 --> 33:09.910
Lena yindatshana yokubuyekeza, okusho ukuthi
iyindatshana ehlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yocwaningo.

33:09.910 --> 33:14.110
Kwashicilelwa eJurnali Yezintuthuko
Kwezokwelapha Nophando Lwezokwelapha.

33:14.110 --> 33:21.956
Kuye kwafakazeka ukuthi ama-silicates e-aluminium, i-iron oxide,
i-magnetite, ama-radionuclides, okungukuthi ama-nuclides akhishwe

33:21.956 --> 33:29.620
umswakama, kanye ngisho nabakhishi be-alpha, abayingozi kakhulu
uma kuphefumulwa, isilicon (isilicon esihlanzekile asinempilo),

33:29.620 --> 33:36.380
i-arsenic (eyaziwa nangokuthi iyisibulala), ikhadmiyamu
nekhromiyamu, okungakhuphula ngokusobala ingozi yokugula

33:36.380 --> 33:42.173
umdlavuza wemiphaphu noma kubangele ukucindezeleka
kwamangqamuzana okubangelwa ukushiswa yizinto

33:42.173 --> 33:51.101
ezisebenzayo, ubuthi bamangqamuzana (cytotoxicity) kanye nobuthi
bemfuza (genotoxicity), okusho ukuthi futhi kushintsha i-genome.

33:51.101 --> 33:54.921
I-asbestos iyathakazelisa; wonke umuntu
uyazi ukuthi iyinto eyingozi kakhulu.

33:54.921 --> 34:01.807
I-silicate enamafayibha equkethe futhi inani elikhulu le-ayini
oxide ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi etholakala

34:01.807 --> 34:09.568
kalula emzimbeni. Sonke siyazi ukuthi lokhu
kubangele izimo ezinzima zomdlavuza wemiphunga.

34:09.568 --> 34:16.563
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokubuyekeza lwango-2019, oluphuma
futhi ku-Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research,

34:16.563 --> 34:21.393
luthole ukuthi ukuchayeka kuma-nanoparticle
e-ayini oxide kuholela esifweni senhliziyo,

34:21.393 --> 34:24.067
futhi ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwe-oksijini.

34:24.067 --> 34:33.091
Lesi sihloko sithi ukuchayeka ku-oksidi
yensimbi kungaholela futhi esifweni senhliziyo.

34:33.091 --> 34:42.906
Ababhali balolu cwaningo, uMarvin Herndon othile osebenza
ngokuzikhandla kulesi sihloko nabalingani bakhe, babhala futhi

34:42.906 --> 34:50.252
kulesi sihloko ukuthi kubalulekile ukumisa i-geoengineering
ngokukhulula ama-aerosol, ikakhulukazi

34:50.252 --> 34:58.102
uthuli lwe-fly ash oluyithuli elincane kakhulu,
ukuze kugwenywe ukonakalisa yonke i-biosphere.

34:58.102 --> 35:04.358
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lena ingenye yezithombe
ezimbalwa ezingezami; yathathwa nguLilian Anselmetti

35:04.358 --> 35:08.348
wase-Aufrecht Bern. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokuyenza itholakale.

35:08.348 --> 35:14.444
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukwakheka kwamafu
awabonile endaweni yaseBern kumangalisayo.

35:14.444 --> 35:23.459
Olunye ucwaningo luka-2017 luthi ukungcoliswa
kwe-mercury ebiosferi kuyanda kakhulu futhi lokhu

35:23.459 --> 35:28.947
kumele kube umphumela wokuphathwa kwesimo sezulu.

35:28.947 --> 35:35.744
Lokhu kushicilelwe ku-Journal of Geography,
Environment and Earth Science International.

35:35.744 --> 35:37.636
Kwakuyisifundo, hhayi ukubuyekezwa.

35:37.636 --> 35:43.747
Amanzi emvula neqhwa alinganiswa kusetshenziswa
i-mass spectrometry. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu

35:43.747 --> 35:48.504
lika-mercury elingu-2 amagremu ngogremu lalilinganiswa.

35:48.504 --> 35:58.609
Nakuba i-lead ne-mercury sezehlisiwe kakhulu eminyakeni engu-20
edlule ngenxa yomthetho we-RoHS, ukungcola kuyaqhubeka kukhula.

35:58.609 --> 36:03.059
Lokhu futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo kwezokuxhumana
kwemithambo yobuchopho, kwezokuxhumana kwenhliziyo

36:03.059 --> 36:05.438
nemithambo, kanye nezokuxhumana kwezitho zangasese.

36:05.438 --> 36:12.705
Kungabangela ukungabi nezingane, kuthinte
uhlelo lomzimba lokuzivikela futhi kubhidlize i-DNA.

36:12.705 --> 36:21.137
Olunye ucwaningo engingathanda ukulukhuluma ngalo, oluvela
ku-Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, luphathelene

36:21.137 --> 36:25.378
nama-giant sequoia aseCalifornia, lezi zihlathi ze-redwood.

36:25.378 --> 36:31.594
Abanye babo bane iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3 000.
Bahlangabezane nesimo sezulu esishisayo kakhulu

36:31.594 --> 36:36.550
kunalelo esithi sinalo namuhla noma esinalo ngempela.

36:36.550 --> 36:41.527
Bahlangabezane nezikhathi ezomile
ezingakholeki, izikhathi ezinamanzi, nezikhathi

36:41.527 --> 36:45.511
ezibandayo. Basaphila, kodwa manje bonke bayafa.

36:45.511 --> 36:53.776
Ukuhlola okusondele lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi
isomiso esenziwe ngabantu sibangelwe

36:53.776 --> 36:59.106
iminyaka eminingi ye-geoengineering eCalifornia.

36:59.106 --> 37:07.335
Ama-nanoparticles anobuthi ngokusobala abangela izihlahla zife.
Ikakhulu, okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium kulezi

37:07.335 --> 37:15.931
nanoparticles kubangela izihlahla zivale izimbobo zazo,
okungukuthi izimbobo ezisemajoleni noma kumagqabi.

37:15.931 --> 37:21.699
Bese sebengasashintshani umswakama
futhi abasakwazi ukumunca i-CO2.

37:21.699 --> 37:28.165
Ngokungeziwe, i-CO2 iyigesi yokuphila ngokukhethekile.
Bekungeke kube nezitshalo eziluhlaza ngaphandle kwe-CO2.

37:28.165 --> 37:35.923
Kukhona ngisho nocwaningo olusha olwenziwe yi-NASA oluthi
uMhlaba ube luhlaza kakhulu eminyakeni engu-15 edlule.

37:35.923 --> 37:39.324
Babhala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga e-CO2.

37:39.324 --> 37:42.715
Yini engalungile ngalokho? Kodwa lokho kuwumusho ongaphansi nje.

37:42.715 --> 37:48.168
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu yimbobo
ye-ozoni, esiya sikhula kakhulu.

37:48.168 --> 37:52.630
Awusazizwa lutho ngalokho manje.
Ama-CFC avinjelwe eminyakeni yama-1980.

37:52.630 --> 37:57.373
Manje akukho okungasiphazamisa futhi. Ngakho-ke
abasasho ukuthi imbobo ye-ozoni iya isiba nkulu kakhulu.

37:57.373 --> 37:59.813
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi ingakhuliswa kanjani.

37:59.813 --> 38:08.063
Uhulumeni wase-United States usevumile
lokhu yena uqobo emibhalweni eminingi.

38:08.063 --> 38:13.569
Lesi sibobo se-ozoni sisho ukuthi singakwazi
ukukala imisebe ye-UVB ne-UVC ebusweni bomhlaba.

38:13.569 --> 38:20.175
Ngisho nesayensi ejwayelekile iyavuma ukuthi sinezinga eliphezulu
kakhulu lokukhanya kwe-UVB ne-UVC. Lona

38:20.175 --> 38:26.366
ukukhanya kwe-UV okuyingozi, olunobude bamaza
olusukela ku-100 nanometres kuya ku-400 nanometres.

38:26.366 --> 38:31.200
Yilokho ukukhanya kwe-UV okuyingozi kakhulu. Asizange
sibe nakho ekupheleni komhlaba esikhathini esedlule.

38:31.200 --> 38:34.549
Lokho kuyawa phezu kwethu ngenxa yembobo ye-ozoni.

38:34.549 --> 38:39.255
Lokhu, ngempela, kuyingozi kithi
abantu njengoba kuyingozi kulezi zisequoia.

38:39.255 --> 38:45.703
Ngizodlula ezifundweni ezimbalwa
ezilandelayo ngoba zonke zisho okufanayo.

38:45.703 --> 38:54.641
Lokho konke kubangela ukufa okukhulu kwezinyosi, ukufa
kwezinambuzane, kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ze-algae.

38:54.641 --> 39:00.667
Lezi zimbali zamagwele ezinobuthi empeleni zenzeka
ngoba i-plankton ifa. Kungakho konke lokhu

39:00.667 --> 39:06.323
kungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kanye nembobo ye-ozoni.

39:06.323 --> 39:13.621
Inani lezinyoni liyehla, futhi ngokungaqondile, ngoba
izinambuzane ziyanyamalala, kanjalo nezimpukane zasebusuku.

39:13.621 --> 39:24.655
Lezi zonke izifundo engizifundile. Ziyethusa ngempela
ngokuthinta kwazo imvelo yonke, hhayi nje impilo yethu kuphela.

39:26.179 --> 39:32.157
Lokhu kungaba isisusa esibalulekile sazo zonke lezi zikhishwa
zamapartikheli. Kuze kube namuhla, angikwazi

39:32.157 --> 39:38.265
ukusho ukuthi ngabe kuyizindiza kuphela, njengoba
kuchazwe kuphatenti, eziguqulwa zibe zokufafaza kuphela.

39:38.265 --> 39:44.462
I-B-77 enamathangi angu-25 amathani. Noma ingabe
wonke umshini wabagibeli uyachichima futhi? Angiqiniseki.

39:44.462 --> 39:48.816
Ngicabanga, kodwa lokhu kuwukucabanga nje,
ukuthi womabili enziwa ngasikhathi sinye.

39:48.816 --> 40:02.943
I-fuel yamanje ye-NATO, i-Jet Propulsive 8 (JP8),
iqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezithasiselo eziyingozi.

40:02.943 --> 40:07.906
I-NATO ayivezi kumazwe ayo amalungu
ukuthi zonke lezi zengezo ziyini.

40:07.906 --> 40:15.489
Banikeza ukuvikelwa ekubandeni okukhulu, ukuvikelwa ekuqhumeni,
izimo ezinhle zokugcina kanye nokumelana nezimo zokushisa.

40:15.489 --> 40:21.880
Ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni zase-Arctic ngokufanayo nasendaweni
yasehlane. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukunikeza

40:21.880 --> 40:27.552
amandla isitofu sekhempingi, umkhumbi noma
indiza. Lokho kudinga izithasiselo ezingapheli.

40:27.552 --> 40:33.455
Kukhona ucwaningo oluhle kakhulu olwenziwe
nguMarion Hahn. Luphinde lutholakale ku-Inthanethi.

40:33.455 --> 40:39.257
Yena uqobo wagula ngoba wayehlala eduze
kwesizinda somkhosi womoya. Angakwazi ukukhombisa

40:39.257 --> 40:43.639
ngokusobala ukuthi kumele abhekisele lokhu ku-JP8.

40:43.639 --> 40:52.254
Lapha ungabona ukuthi ngithole amashumi
emibhalo yocwaningo lwezempi evela e-US Air Force.

40:52.254 --> 41:06.348
Nansi isibonelo sephepha locwaningo. Ngikholelwa
ukuthi livela eminyakeni yama-1990 noma yama-2000.

41:06.348 --> 41:15.162
Noma kunjalo, uphethiloli wahlolwa lapha ngaphakathi kwe-US Air
Force. I-aluminium, i-barium, i-beryllium, i-lead, i-cadmium,

41:15.162 --> 41:22.073
i-chromium, i-cobalt, i-iron, i-copper,
i-molybdenum, i-sodium, i-nickel, i-strontium, i-titanium,

41:22.073 --> 41:26.581
i-vanadium, i-zinc kanye ne-tin kutholakale kule JP8.

41:26.581 --> 41:34.458
Futhi-ke, kunjalo, kukhona ama-oksidi wazo zonke lezi zinsimbi,
kanye nama-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

41:34.458 --> 41:43.883
afana ne-naphthalene ne-naphthalene enezinguquko
ze-alkyl – zonke izithasiselo ezinempilo kakhulu.

41:43.883 --> 41:52.249
Futhi uma ubheka manje, leli phethiloli le-NATO
liyiphethiloli yezempi. Kukhona uhlelo lwamapayipi

41:52.249 --> 41:56.975
eYurophu, futhi lesi sithombe sivela ku-Wikipedia.

41:56.975 --> 42:02.103
Konke engikubhalile lapha kuvela ku-Wikipedia. Ngokuvamile
angicaphuni i-Wikipedia ngoba iningi layo aliyikho iqiniso.

42:02.103 --> 42:08.417
Kodwa nansi le nto esithombeni esivela eminyakeni
yama-1970. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abakayivuselelanga.

42:08.417 --> 42:13.546
Futhi lapha ungabona lolu hlelo lwamapayipi kulo
lonke elaseYurophu. I-Switzerland ayikafakwa lapha.

42:13.546 --> 42:22.181
Kodwa indatshana ye-Wikipedia ithi kusukela
ngo-2009, amaphesenti angama-90 kawoyela okuthuthiwe

42:22.181 --> 42:28.155
ayewuthengiswa kumakhasimende ezindiza ezingezona ezomkhosi.

42:28.155 --> 42:32.037
Futhi phakathi kwamakhasimende asezakhamuzini
amakhulu kakhulu kukhona izikhumulo zezindiza

42:32.037 --> 42:34.890
eFrankfurt, eCologne, eBonn, eZurich naseMunich.

42:34.890 --> 42:41.711
Uphethiloli we-NATO wamathayi ezindiza zomphakathi.
Ngo-2016, izigidi eziyishumi nambili zemitha

42:41.711 --> 42:48.542
ezicubiki zathengiswa kumakhasimende omphakathi eYurophu.

42:48.542 --> 42:52.117
Ngathi ngaphambilini ukuthi ngisho neziteshi zezindaba
ezijwayelekile sezishicilela izindatshana eziningi kakhulu

42:52.117 --> 42:53.957
ngalesi sihloko, kodwa zithi, yebo, lokho akunakwenzeka.

42:53.957 --> 42:59.211
Enye indatshana eyayisakazeka ezinkundleni zemithombo yezindaba
ezinkulu emasontweni amabili edlule. Kuzo zonke izindawo,

42:59.211 --> 43:02.745
kuhlanganise ne-SRF, i-Watson, amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi, njll.

43:02.745 --> 43:06.837
Kuthiwa amanzi emvula anekhwalithi engcono
yokuphuza kunanoma yikuphi omunye emhlabeni.

43:06.837 --> 43:12.541
Noma ngisho e-Antarctica noma ezintabeni
eziphakeme zaseTibet, kusaziphindwe ka-14 kunomkhawulo

43:12.541 --> 43:16.588
osethwe yi-American Environmental Protection Agency.

43:16.588 --> 43:21.632
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kukhuluma
ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi PFAS ne-PFOA.

43:21.632 --> 43:30.811
Lezi zi-hydrocarbon ezine-poly- ne-perfluorinated, okusho ukuthi
ziqukethe i-fluoride. Zitholakala – futhi lokhu sekushiwo

43:30.811 --> 43:39.488
ezinkundleni zezindaba ezijwayelekile – ekuthambiseni
ubuso, kumashampu, ekupakisheni nasemikhiqizweni yokuhlanza.

43:39.488 --> 43:45.173
Manje-ke sesibekwa icala futhi. Kodwa lolu
cwaningo olwenziwe yi-Air Force luthi kukhona

43:45.173 --> 43:49.274
ama-fluorine compounds lapho, futhi ngobuningi obukhulu.

43:49.274 --> 43:54.408
Ngakho-ke okubi kakhulu ngalezi zixube zefluorine kuvela phezulu.

43:54.408 --> 43:57.349
Lena yisifundo sokuqala
esashicilelwa ezinkundleni zezindaba ezinkulu.

43:57.349 --> 44:00.140
Ngihlale ngifuna izifundo zokuqala.

44:00.140 --> 44:02.120
Ngifuna ukufunda ukuthi abacwaningi benzeni lapho.

44:02.120 --> 44:06.425
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi
i-Tagesanzeiger icaphune umcwaningi waseDenmark.

44:06.425 --> 44:09.904
UMartin Scheringer, ophinde abe
e-ETH Zurich, naye uyabamba iqhaza.

44:09.904 --> 44:19.196
Khona-ke mhlawumbe ngingaxhumana naye ngibuze
ukuthi nabo bacabangele yini izici zomoya-mpilo.

44:19.196 --> 44:24.199
Ngenze ucwaningo oluncane ngokwengeziwe futhi ngathola incwadi
ebizwa ngokuthi AmaKhemikhali Angasoze Abhujiswa,

44:24.199 --> 44:29.001
ephathelene namakhemikhali angabhidliki futhi
ahlala esijikelezweni somhlaba isikhathi eside kakhulu.

44:29.001 --> 44:34.232
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuhlobene ne-PFOA
ne-PFAS, okungukuthi ama-hydrocarbon ahlanzwe

44:34.232 --> 44:38.310
ngamafluorini futhi anamafluorini amaningi.

44:38.310 --> 44:44.676
Kuthiwa kuphela ezine kuzo ezaziwayo ngempela futhi ezihlolwe
ngokuthi ziyingozi kangakanani futhi ziyinobuthi kangakanani.

44:44.676 --> 44:48.406
Futhi ukuthi lezi ezine kuphela ezingafakazeka ngokuqinisekile.

44:48.406 --> 44:57.127
Nokho, kunezinto eziyi-6,500 ezibhalwe kuphela, futhi
cishe kunezinto ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 kulezi zinto.

44:57.127 --> 45:02.231
Ngiyambona u-Alex emi lapho,
ngakho-ke ngizodlula konke okusele manje.

45:02.231 --> 45:09.089
Bengingathanda ukukhuluma kafushane ukuthi imisebe
engawonakali kanye nezinkambu zikagesi nezomaginethi

45:09.089 --> 45:12.842
nazo zingabangela ukuphuka kofuzo, nakuba kungaqondile.

45:12.842 --> 45:17.737
Kodwa ngiyazi ukuthi kuzofika omunye umkhulumi,
ngakho ngingakwazi ukuyishiya ngenhliziyo ecacile.

45:17.737 --> 45:24.683
Akugcini nje ngezinto ezifafazwayo lapho phezulu
ezibeka ingozi empilweni, kodwa futhi zonke amagagasi

45:24.683 --> 45:28.359
erediyo namagagasi e-microwave aletha izulu kithi.

45:28.359 --> 45:31.576
Futhi ngikhuluma kuphela ngalokhu
kokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu okwamanje.

45:31.576 --> 45:37.026
Ngizoshiya i-5G ngisho ne-4G, i-3G
nokunye okunjalo ngaphandle kokubala okwamanje.

45:37.026 --> 45:41.467
Yebo, ekugcineni, nazi ezinye izithombe
engazithatha mina ngoMashi nango-Ephreli.

45:41.467 --> 45:44.859
Awukwazi ukukubona kahle kakhulu ku-projektha.

45:44.859 --> 45:48.601
Njengoba ngempela isendaweni yezintaba,
kubukeka njengothuli-musi phezu kweLos Angeles.

45:48.601 --> 45:51.717
Lokho akungeni emvelweni. Ngikuphelile ngakho.

45:51.717 --> 45:56.579
Ngishiye ezinye izinto. Ngiyethemba angikakhulumi
isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokunaka kwenu.