WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:05.440 A ranar 1 ga Maris, mutane da yawa sun sake fita tituna saboda damuwa game da yanayi. 00:05.440 --> 00:11.477 Sanadin karuwar fari, zafi mai tsawo, ambaliyar ruwa, busewar itatuwa, 00:11.477 --> 00:15.033 Mutane da yawa suna danganta bacewar jinsuna da sauran matsaloli ga dumamar yanayi ta 00:15.033 --> 00:17.400 duniya da ke faruwa saboda yawan fitar da CO2. 00:17.400 --> 00:22.820 An ware sauran dalilai gaba ɗaya a matsayin marasa kimiyya. 00:22.820 --> 00:28.740 Akwai kashi 97 cikin 100 na jituwa tsakanin masana kimiyya cewa canjin yanayi na faruwa ne saboda CO2. 00:28.740 --> 00:31.990 Amma daga ina wannan adadi ya fito? 00:31.990 --> 00:36.537 A ƙasa za ku ga taƙaitaccen sigar shirin 97% Accord. 00:36.537 --> 00:42.200 tsakanin masana kimiyya game da sauyin yanayi da mutane suka yi – gaskiya ne ko ƙarya? 00:42.200 --> 00:51.820 1. Kallon zurfi kan nazarin takardun kimiyya game da sauyin yanayi da ɗan adam ya haddasa, na John Cook da sauransu. 00:51.820 --> 00:55.543 Aikin da ake magana a kai shi ne Auna Hadin Kai kan Abubuwan da Dan Adam Ya Haddasawa 00:55.543 --> 00:58.740 Dumin Duniya a Nazarin Kimiyya da Muhalli. 00:58.740 --> 01:04.020 daga masanin ilimin tunani John Cook tun daga 2013. 01:04.020 --> 01:06.120 Abin da ake kira nazarin meta. 01:06.120 --> 01:13.252 Cook da abokan aikinsa sun nazarci bincike 11,944 kan sauyin yanayi da muhalli tun daga shekarar 1991. 01:13.252 --> 01:20.940 Har zuwa 2011, ta duba ko marubutan sun zargi mutane da haifar da sauyin yanayi ko a'a. 01:20.940 --> 01:28.740 Sakamakon haka, Cook ya bayyana cewa kashi 97 cikin 100 na bincike da takardu sun yarda cewa mutane ne ke da laifi a komai. 01:28.740 --> 01:33.462 Gaskiya ita ce, duk da haka, kashi 0.54% kacal na ayyukan ne ke da ra'ayin cewa 01:33.462 --> 01:38.440 Cewa mutane suna da aƙalla kashi 50% na laifi kan sauyin yanayi. 01:38.440 --> 01:45.520 Ta yaya John Cook zai iya samun sakamako na kusan kashi 97% na daidaito? 01:45.520 --> 01:53.125 Bayan komai, shi kansa ya rubuta a taƙaitaccen nazarinsa, wanda ake kira taƙaitaccen bayani, cewa 01:53.125 --> 01:58.495 Daga cikin dukkan binciken da aka duba, kashi 66.4% ba su ƙunshi wata magana kwata-kwata game da 01:58.495 --> 02:02.180 ka'idar sauyin yanayi da mutane suka haifar ba. 02:02.180 --> 02:05.442 Bincike mai zurfi kan nazarinsa ya nuna cewa 02:05.442 --> 02:09.240 Rarrabuwar Cook ta kasance mai yaudara. 02:09.240 --> 02:12.129 Dangane da tambayar ko ya ƙunshi bayanan game da 02:12.129 --> 02:15.345 An gabatar da kundin jigilar bincike kan sauyin yanayi da mutane suka yi 02:15.345 --> 02:22.960 Cook da abokan aikinsa sun rarraba kusan ayyuka 12,000 zuwa rukuni bakwai. 02:22.960 --> 02:29.940 Kashi na 1 ya bayyana cewa mutane sun fi kashi 50 cikin 100 na alhakin sauyin yanayi. 02:29.940 --> 02:33.341 Ko da yake rukuni na biyu ya ɗora wa mutane alhaki, bai fayyace ba. 02:33.341 --> 02:37.900 amma ba kan yadda mutane ke tasiri sosai ga yanayi ba. 02:37.900 --> 02:42.580 Kashi na 3 ya sanya mutane su zama masu ɗan alhaki. 02:42.580 --> 02:47.360 Rukuni na 4 bai yi tsokaci kan tasirin ɗan adam a kan yanayi ba. 02:47.360 --> 02:52.360 Rukuni na 5 ya fi son yin muhawara kan tasirin ɗan adam. 02:52.360 --> 02:58.220 Kashi na 6 ya fi bayyana adawa da tasirin ɗan adam. 02:58.220 --> 03:04.512 Rukuni na 7 ya yi muhawara kan tasirin ɗan adam, yana cewa tasirin ɗan adam 03:04.512 --> 03:11.040 yana ƙasa da kashi 50%. Don haka za ka ga cewa a zahiri ya kamata a sami rukuni uku kawai. 03:11.040 --> 03:16.020 Rukuni A: mutane sun fi kashi 50% na alhaki. 03:16.020 --> 03:20.300 Rukuni B, babu wani bayani game da tasirin ɗan adam. 03:20.300 --> 03:25.940 Rukuni C: mutumin bai ɗauki alhaki fiye da kashi 50% ba. 03:25.940 --> 03:28.200 Rukuni D: mutumin yana da alhaki ƙasa da kashi 50%. 03:28.200 --> 03:30.577 Idan ba za a iya fitar da shi daga wani aikin ba, 03:30.577 --> 03:33.205 ko tasirin ɗan adam ya fi ko ya ƙasa da kashi 50% 03:33.205 --> 03:35.885 ƙarya, to wannan bincike bai bayyana hakan a sarari ba. 03:35.885 --> 03:39.200 kuma a zahiri ya dace a cikin rukuni na "ba a bayar da bayanai ba". 03:39.200 --> 03:45.142 Tunda sauran rukunoni huɗu ba su da kashi-kashi a bayyane, za a iya haɗa dukkan ayyuka a nan. 03:45.142 --> 03:51.580 Suna tsara abubuwa yadda suka ga dama da bayanai marasa tabbas, wanda hakan ke buɗe ƙofa ga yaudarar mutane. 03:51.580 --> 03:56.395 Amma yanzu mu koma ga sakamakon da dabaru na lissafi. 03:56.395 --> 04:01.900 wanda ya kai kashi 0.54%, a ƙarshe ya kai kashi 97%. 04:01.900 --> 04:08.840 Ga bayanan asali daga binciken KUK, wanda, a gefe guda, ba a haɗa shi cikin nazarin haɗin bayanai na KUK ba. 04:08.840 --> 04:11.360 Dole ne ka tattara su da kulawa sosai da farko. 04:11.360 --> 04:17.797 Rukuni na 1, ayyuka 64, wato 0.54%. 04:17.797 --> 04:24.233 Rukuni na 2, ayyuka 922, wato kashi 7.72%. 04:24.233 --> 04:30.532 Rukuni na 3, ayyuka 2,910, wato 24.36%. 04:30.532 --> 04:36.830 Kashi na 4, ayyuka 7,970, ko 66.73%. 04:36.830 --> 04:43.129 Rukuni na 5, ayyuka 54, wato 0.45%. Rukuni na 6, 04:43.129 --> 04:49.427 15 ayyuka, wato 0.13%. Rukuni na 7, ayyuka 9, wato 0.08%. 04:49.427 --> 05:02.060 KUK Ka karanta shi kawai, ka yi watsi da duk binciken da ba su ƙunshi wata sanarwa ba. 05:02.060 --> 05:09.600 Kuma wannan shi ne 7,970 daga cikin jimillar 11,944, wato kashi biyu bisa uku na dukkan aikin. 05:09.600 --> 05:13.680 Don haka Cook a zahiri ya sarrafa kashi ɗaya cikin uku na dukkan bayanai. 05:13.680 --> 05:19.382 Amma ko da haka, har yanzu bincike 64 ne kawai suka rage daga cikin 3,974. 05:19.382 --> 05:25.060 Yana ganin cewa mutane sun fi kashi 50 cikin ɗari na alhakin sauyin yanayi. 05:25.060 --> 05:29.812 Cook sai ya haɗa rukuni na 1, 2 da 3 ya kira shi 05:29.812 --> 05:35.080 wannan yarjejeniya, kodayake ta ƙunshi matakai daban-daban na yarjejeniya. 05:35.080 --> 05:43.060 Daga eh da kaso sama da kashi 50 cikin ɗari, zuwa eh ba tare da an ayyana adadi ba, zuwa eh na ɓoye. 05:43.060 --> 05:48.760 Wannan zai kasance jimillar ayyuka 3,896 da ke zargin mutane. 05:48.760 --> 05:55.060 Kuma ayyuka 78 da aka rarraba zuwa rukuni na 5 zuwa 7 suna sabawa wannan. 05:55.060 --> 05:58.720 Duk da haka, wannan ya kai kashi mai ƙanƙanta gaba ɗaya. 05:58.720 --> 06:03.580 Wannan ya haifar da ayyuka 3,896 da aka amince da su. 06:03.580 --> 06:07.560 Daga cikin jimillar ayyuka 3,974 da suka rage. 06:07.560 --> 06:10.180 Kuma hakan ya kai kashi 97 cikin ɗari. 06:10.180 --> 06:13.708 Da farko, bincike 64 kacal ne suka ƙunshi a 06:13.708 --> 06:18.440 Bayyana amincewa da ka'idar sauyin yanayi da mutane suka yi. 06:18.440 --> 06:21.940 Kuma hakan ya kasance kashi 0.54 cikin ɗari. 06:21.940 --> 06:25.060 2. Guguwar fushi. 06:25.060 --> 06:27.520 A cikin al'ummar kimiyya 06:27.520 --> 06:30.732 Idan aka yi la'akari da irin wannan rashin kunya na karkatar da lambobi, an yi korafi a cikin 06:30.732 --> 06:34.200 Guguwar fushi a cikin al'ummar masana kimiyya. 06:34.200 --> 06:36.540 Shafin yanar gizo na climatesite.com 06:36.540 --> 06:45.280 An tattara jimillar labarai 97, rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai da rubuce-rubucen blog da suka yi kaɗaɗɗen suka ga nazarin Cook. 06:45.280 --> 06:48.476 Cire magana: A ƙasa za ku sami jerin 06:48.476 --> 06:51.671 97 labarai da Cooks ya tsara ba da kyau ba, 06:51.671 --> 06:57.820 An tsara shi ba da kyau ba kuma an aiwatar da shi ba da kyau ba, binciken da ke da kashi 97 cikin ɗari na daidaito ya ƙaryata. 06:57.820 --> 07:02.802 Gaskiyar cewa wani har yanzu yana ci gaba da yada irin wadannan banza da aka riga aka karyata gaba daya 07:02.802 --> 07:08.980 Kamar yadda binciken Cook ya nuna, wannan abin kunya ne ga kimiyya. 07:08.980 --> 07:11.578 Kowa da kowa da ya shiga wannan tattaunawa a cikin al'ummar kimiyya 07:11.578 --> 07:14.800 Idan kuna son ƙarin sani, za ku sami mahaɗin a ƙarshen shirin. 07:14.800 --> 07:17.460 Haka nan ya shafi duk sauran majiyoyin da aka ambata. 07:17.460 --> 07:21.620 A ƙasa akwai wasu kaɗan daga cikin misalan makaloli masu muhimmanci. 07:21.620 --> 07:26.692 Tun a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2013, wato kwanaki takwas bayan wallafawa. 07:26.692 --> 07:31.740 Binciken Cook ya bayyana a shafin yanar gizo na populartechnology.net. 07:31.740 --> 07:35.432 wata makala da ke ɗauke da bayanai daga wasu masana kimiyya da dama, 07:35.432 --> 07:38.960 wadanda aka yi amfani da nazarinsu a cikin nazarin Cook. 07:38.960 --> 07:43.800 Suna ikirarin cewa an sanya ayyukansu a cikin rukunoni da ba daidai ba. 07:43.800 --> 07:45.220 Ga misalai biyu: 07:45.220 --> 07:52.191 Masanin ƙasa Dr Craig D. Eizo, Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Carbon Dioxide da Canjin Duniya, 07:52.191 --> 08:00.400 Ya rubuta, ba daidai ba ne a ce takardarmu tana goyon bayan dumamar yanayi ta duniya da CO2 ke haifarwa. 08:00.400 --> 08:06.319 Dr Nils Axel Morner, farfesa mai ritaya a fannin paleojiyofiziks da jiyodainamiks a 08:06.319 --> 08:13.780 Jami'ar Stockholm, a matsayin amsa ga tambayar, shin wannan wakilci ne madaidaici na aikinku? 08:13.780 --> 08:18.220 Tabbas ba daidai ba ne kuma tabbas yana ruɗani. 08:18.220 --> 08:21.335 Blogan kimiyya Anthony Warts ya ruwaito 08:21.335 --> 08:24.062 Game da binciken da aka ambata a sama na Dr Lee 08:24.062 --> 08:27.177 Gates, wanda ya yi sharhi kan aikin Cook kamar haka, 08:27.177 --> 08:30.292 Abin mamaki ne cewa wata mujalla za ta wallafa wani 08:30.292 --> 08:32.932 ya wallafa wani bincike inda a 08:32.932 --> 08:36.098 Ana ikirarin cewa an samu daidaitaccen ra'ayi na kashi 97 cikin ɗari lokacin da 08:36.098 --> 08:42.340 A cewar nazarin marubucin kansa, ainihin jituwa ta kasance ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari. 08:42.340 --> 08:47.182 Farishen Dan Holland na tattalin arzikin yanayi Richard Toll, tsohon 08:47.182 --> 08:52.023 Tsohon ma'aikaci kuma mai sukar IPCC, Kwamitin Hadin Gwiwar Gwamnatoci kan Canjin Yanayi, yana sukar Cooks. 08:52.023 --> 08:56.895 Aikin ma yana da tsanani kuma yana jaddada cewa ko ma zaɓin 08:56.895 --> 09:02.240 Ba a haɗa kalmomin bincike na muhimman ayyukan kimiyya ba. 09:02.240 --> 09:07.736 Bugu da ƙari, Toll ya ga abin mamaki cewa daga cikin gudummawa 122 da shi kansa 09:07.736 --> 09:13.940 An wallafa su a lokacin da Cook ya sanya hannu, an zaɓi goma kaɗai. 09:13.940 --> 09:19.200 Biyar daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka goma da aka zaɓa an kuma rarraba su ba daidai ba. 09:19.200 --> 09:23.909 Tabbas, a matsayin gudummawa da ke goyon bayan sauyin yanayi da mutane suka haifar, ba a matsayin 09:23.909 --> 09:29.380 wadanda ke tambaya a kai, wanda ainihin abin da gudummawar Toll ke yi ne. 09:29.380 --> 09:35.860 To, a gefe guda, yana yin talla mai ƙarfi kuma yana da ilimi game da inganta injin bincike. 09:35.860 --> 09:41.619 Gaskiyar cewa an ambaci Shugaba Barack Obama a cikin takardun kimiyya da dama, abin mamaki. 09:41.619 --> 09:47.620 Binciken Cook, wanda aka ambata a cikin tweet kwana ɗaya kacal bayan an wallafa shi, ya yi magana da kansa. 09:47.620 --> 09:54.865 Obama ya rubuta a Twitter a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2013 cewa kashi 97 cikin 100 na masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa canjin 09:54.865 --> 09:59.540 yanayi gaskiya ne, mutane ne suka yi shi kuma yana da haɗari. 09:59.540 --> 10:05.780 Ta yin haka, ya yi wasan 'Chinese whispers', kamar yadda ake cewa, ya kuma kawai barin muhimman bayanai. 10:05.780 --> 10:11.472 Daga cikin kashi 97 cikin ɗari na masana kimiyya da suka bayyana ra'ayi kwata-kwata 10:11.472 --> 10:16.760 A cewar Obama, kashi 97 cikin 100 na duk masana kimiyya sun goyi bayan wannan. 10:16.760 --> 10:22.326 Muna tuna cewa, a gaskiya, kashi 33.6% kacal na waɗanda Cook ya yi musu bincike. 10:22.326 --> 10:29.470 Bincike sun taɓa fitar da wata sanarwa kan sauyin yanayi da mutane suka yi. 10:29.470 --> 10:34.173 Idan yanzu muka yi watsi da kashi 66.4% da suka rage kuma muka ɗauki kashi 33.6% 10:34.173 --> 10:39.397 fiye da kashi 100% na waɗanda suka gabatar da sharhi, sannan 10:39.397 --> 10:49.910 Daga cikin waɗannan, kashi 97% sun yarda cewa canjin yanayi watakila ya fi ko ya ƙasa kasancewa sanadiyyar ɗan adam. 10:49.910 --> 10:52.860 Ko kuma mutum ne ya ƙirƙira. 10:52.860 --> 10:57.020 Abin da aka yi da hannun mutum ɓangare ya zama gaba ɗaya abin da mutum ya yi da hannunsa. 10:57.020 --> 11:00.060 Wannan yana kama da an yi shi da hannun mutum 100%. 11:00.060 --> 11:03.740 Kuma babu wata magana kwata-kwata game da wani haɗari a cikin binciken Cook. 11:03.740 --> 11:05.780 Obama ya ƙirƙiri hakan. 11:05.780 --> 11:09.225 Yana kama da cewa Cook da abokan aikinsa suna yin duk abin da za su iya don 11:09.225 --> 11:13.500 Sun yi ƙoƙarin cimma wani takamaiman sakamako da aka riga aka tsara ta hanyar wasu matakai. 11:13.500 --> 11:18.628 Kuma hakika, tun a watan Maris 2012, wato kafin a wallafa 11:18.628 --> 11:23.162 daga nazarin meta na Cook, shirye-shirye masu yawa na talla 11:23.162 --> 11:29.480 ta hanyar sanarwar manema labarai, manyan kafofin watsa labarai, masu yada labaran yanayi, masu rubutun ra'ayi a yanar 11:29.480 --> 11:33.040 gizo, kungiyoyin yanayi, Google, bidiyon YouTube da sauransu. 11:33.040 --> 11:36.760 Ta yaya za ka tsara tallace-tallace yayin da aikin ke gudana? 11:36.760 --> 11:38.260 Kuma gaskiyar? 11:38.260 --> 11:42.328 Gaskiyar cewa Cook ya kasance yana gudanar da blog ɗinsa na fafutukar sauyin yanayi tun 2007 tana da matuƙar ma'ana. 11:42.328 --> 11:46.640 An riga an tsara sakamakon bincikensa. 11:46.640 --> 11:53.220 Ya rubuta a fili a dandalin tattaunawa cewa muna yawan bugun gangun cimma yarjejeniya akai-akai. 11:53.220 --> 12:00.960 Yanzu tambaya ta taso: wa ke da sha'awar yawan bugun gangun hadin kai akai-akai? 12:00.960 --> 12:05.944 Shin wataƙila an yi niyyar wannan don karkatar da hankali daga wasu dalilai na bayyanannen matsalolin muhalli? 12:05.944 --> 12:11.000 Idan CO2 ba shine matsalar ba, 12:10.920 --> 12:14.393 Idan kun gaskata da gaske wajen farfado da muhallinmu, 12:11.000 --> 12:14.393 To mene ne? 12:14.393 --> 12:18.343 Idan yana da muhimmanci a zuciyarka, kada ka ware kowace ƙa'ida, ka bincika su a fili kuma 12:18.343 --> 12:22.444 ba tare da wata son rai ba, har da ra'ayoyin sauran masana kimiyya da dama, 12:22.444 --> 12:26.940 wadanda ke adawa da CO2 a matsayin babban sanadin sauyin yanayi. 12:26.940 --> 12:30.323 A cikin tsawon sigar wannan shirin, za ku sami muhimman bayanai game da wannan batu. 12:30.323 --> 12:34.420 Petishiyoyi, wato sanarwar haɗin gwiwa daga dubban masana canjin yanayi. 12:34.420 --> 12:38.750 A cikin ƙarin shirye-shirye na dokumentari na Kla TV, za ku karɓa 12:38.750 --> 12:44.000 Haske kan wasu yiwuwar dalilan lalacewar muhalli da mummunan yanayi. 12:44.000 --> 12:50.780 Misali, sojoji tun da dadewa suna da damar amfani da fasahohi da ba a yawaita bayyana ba don tasiri kan yanayi. 12:50.780 --> 12:57.820 Daga 2005 zuwa 2008, an riga ana yada rahotannin suka kan wannan batu a talabijin na gwamnati na Jamus. 12:57.820 --> 13:00.800 Wadannan ba za a iya tunani a zamaninmu ba. 13:00.800 --> 13:04.480 Don Allah ku kalli shirin da ke gaba. 13:08.220 --> 13:11.000 Me yasa za a yi shiru? 13:11.000 --> 13:12.500 Siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai. 13:12.500 --> 13:13.500 Waɗannan gaskiyoyi ne? 13:13.500 --> 13:17.600 1. Man NATO a cikin jiragenmu yana cutar da yanayi. 13:17.600 --> 13:20.600 Ya ƙunshi aluminium, barium, beryl, gubar, 13:20.600 --> 13:24.157 Kadmiyam, kromiyam, kobalt, karfe, tagulla, molibdenum, 13:24.157 --> 13:31.140 An gano sodium, nickel, strontium, titanium, manidium, zinc da tin da oksidansu. 13:31.140 --> 13:31.820 Na biyu. 13:31.820 --> 13:34.220 Babu sarrafa yanayi. 13:34.220 --> 13:38.772 A shekarar 1978, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta haramta amfani da 13:38.772 --> 13:44.000 kan sarrafa yanayi da fasahar canza muhalli. 13:44.000 --> 13:45.020 Na uku 13:45.020 --> 13:50.340 Akwai kusan dubu ɗaya na haƙƙin mallaka ga fasahohin sarrafa yanayi. 13:50.340 --> 13:55.700 Waɗannan sun koma shekarar 1892. 13:55.700 --> 13:56.900 Na huɗu. 13:56.900 --> 14:03.220 Itatuwan sequoia masu girma a California suna da shekaru har zuwa 3,000 kuma yanzu suna mutuwa kwatsam. 14:03.220 --> 14:04.100 Na biyar. 14:04.100 --> 14:07.660 An riga an yi amfani da bishiyoyin Sequoia a California daga 1947 zuwa 1978. 14:07.660 --> 14:07.660 Na biyu. 14:07.660 --> 14:15.520 An gabatar da shirye-shirye 110 na sarrafa yanayi ga Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka kuma an amince da su. 14:15.520 --> 14:16.680 Na shida. 14:16.680 --> 14:23.720 Takardar Sojin Sama ta Amurka ta 1996 ta bayyana cewa za mu sarrafa yanayi nan da shekarar 2025. 14:23.720 --> 14:31.480 Wannan takarda tana bayanin yadda za a cutar da makiyi da taimaka wa abokanka ta hanyar tasiri ga yanayi. 14:31.480 --> 14:32.300 Na bakwai 14:32.300 --> 14:37.086 Haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka 4686605 ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda za a iya amfani da sarrafa yanayi don 14:37.086 --> 14:42.600 Makaman HAARP na iya kuma haifar da zafi da gobarar daji. 14:42.600 --> 14:44.040 Na takwas. 14:44.040 --> 14:45.080 HAARP na soja 14:45.080 --> 14:49.952 -Ittatuwa a duk faɗin duniya na iya fuskantar girgizar ƙasa, fari, guguwa da ambaliyar ruwa a kowane lokaci. 14:49.952 --> 14:55.280 ƙaddamarwa kuma, tare da miliyoyin tan na nano-koktels, har ma gaba ɗaya tsunami. 14:55.280 --> 14:56.800 Ba ka taɓa jin labarinsa ba? 14:56.800 --> 15:02.620 Kada ka bari manyan masu lalata muhalli daga bangaren soja su ruɗe ka. 15:02.620 --> 15:05.142 Yi bincikenka ka gano wanene ainihin 15:05.142 --> 15:07.660 Waɗanda ke halakar da muhalli da waɗanda ke samun riba mai yawa daga rikicin yanayi. 15:07.660 --> 15:15.640 Sai mutane sun ga babban hoto ne kawai za a iya kare muhallinmu yadda ya kamata.