WEBVTT 00:00.134 --> 00:08.432 "Matsatsi a mararo ka mor'a ho fumana ente ea ka ea boraro ea coronavirus ka la 17 Pherekhong 2022, ke ile ka akheha, 'me ha 00:08.432 --> 00:17.475 ke tsoha, ke ne ke ferekane ka ho feletseng 'me maoto a ka a ne a se a sa khone ho nteka. Ke ne ke se ke sa khone ho tsamaea." 00:17.475 --> 00:25.272 "Ho batho ba entetsoeng, protheine ea spike le ho ruruha li ile tsa fumanoa lithong tse ngata libeke esita le 00:25.272 --> 00:33.364 likhoeli ka mor'a liente, e leng se neng se amahanngoa le mafu a tebileng 'me hangata a bolaeang. 00:33.364 --> 00:43.071 Empa tlhahiso ena e tsitsitseng e sa lebelloang ea protheine e khoutiloeng ke mRNA e ka hlalosoa joang? 00:43.071 --> 00:50.491 Qetellong ea 2023, Kla.TV e phatlalalitse lengolo le potlakileng la Prof. Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi mabapi le 00:50.491 --> 00:54.729 "likotsi tse sa feleng tsa liente tsa RNA" ka lipuo tse 'maloa. 00:55.806 --> 01:02.638 Hona joale, qetellong ea Hlakubele 2024, Prof. Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi, Prof. Karina Reiss le Dr. Michael Palmer ba 01:02.638 --> 01:10.104 phatlalalitse sengoloa seo liphuputso tse ncha li tiisang litemoso tsohle tse neng li entsoe ka nako eo. 01:10.104 --> 01:15.478 Ba hlalosa ka nepo ea saense, empa ka mokhoa o utloahalang ho batho ba tloaelehileng, hore na ke hobane'ng ha liente tse 01:15.478 --> 01:19.357 bitsoang tsa mRNA e le tsa bomenemene ebile li le kotsi haholo. 01:19.357 --> 01:24.461 Sengolwa sena se batlisisitsweng ka botlalo se loketse ho arolelanwa le mang kapa 01:24.461 --> 01:28.197 mang ya esong ho batlisise taba ena ka botebo. 01:28.197 --> 01:32.724 E ka fumaneha e le faele ea PDF tlas'a lenaneo lena bakeng sa ho hatisoa. 01:32.724 --> 01:37.865 Ka tlase, Moprofesa Bhakdi o o balela sengolwa ka lentswe le phahameng. 01:37.865 --> 01:44.162 Tšusumetso e matla eo maemo a hlalositsoeng ke Moprofesa Bhakdi a ka bang le eona ho ba seng ba 01:44.162 --> 01:47.615 ameha e bontšitsoe tlalehong e latelang ea Lara. 01:47.615 --> 01:53.301 Ke e mong oa bahlaseluoa ba se nang palo ba ente ea coronavirus mme o pheta pale ea hae ea masoabi kopanong ea 01:53.301 --> 02:00.849 boralitaba ea MWGFD e nang le sehlooho se reng "Entetsoe, a utloa bohloko, a haneloa... mme joale ho tla eng?" Prof. 02:04.268 --> 02:13.410 Batho ba ratehang. Lelapa le ratehang la batho, ke na le ntho e bohlokoa haholo-holo eo ke batlang ho le bolella eona. 02:13.410 --> 02:21.539 E mabapi le tshibollo ya moraorao ya DNA ka hara mekento. 02:21.539 --> 02:30.580 Lebaka leo ka lona liente tsa RNA e leng tsa bomenemene le kotsi haholo, joale ke taba e tšohloang. 02:30.580 --> 02:35.712 Likhromoso ke libuka tsa bophelo, tse nang le litaelo tse ngotsoeng ka DNA bakeng 02:35.712 --> 02:38.860 sa tlhahiso ea limolek'hule tsa protheine. 02:38.860 --> 02:46.095 Ha ho hlokahala, buka e amehang e buloa 'me ho etsoa kopi ea risepe e batloang. 02:46.095 --> 02:50.009 Kopi ena ke mRNA. 02:50.009 --> 02:55.858 E laola tlhahiso ea protheine ebe e lahloa. 02:55.858 --> 03:05.267 Liente tsa RNA li tšoana le likopi tsena tsa nakoana tsa litaelo tsa li-chromosome; empa ho fapana le tsona, li baka 03:05.267 --> 03:10.841 tlhahiso ea liprotheine tse sa lokelang ho ba 'meleng ea rona. 03:10.841 --> 03:21.662 Ho e-na le hoo, li baka ho thehoa ha li-antigen tse sa tloaelehang, joalo ka protheine ea spike ea SARS-CoV-2. 03:21.662 --> 03:30.371 Enjeksheni e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mofuta ona oa ente e fana ka likopi tse fetang bilione (limolek'hule tsa mRNA). 03:30.371 --> 03:39.220 Tlhahiso e kholo ea ente ea mRNA e hloka hore risepe ea DNA e fumanehe ka bongata. 03:39.220 --> 03:41.439 Sena se ka fihlellwa jwang? 03:41.439 --> 03:47.162 Mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng ho rarolla bothata bona ke motheo oa bohlokoa oa boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. 03:47.162 --> 03:54.197 Likopi tse libilione le litrillione tsa diresepe tsa DNA li tsoa ho libaktheria. 03:54.197 --> 04:01.605 Liresipi li fumaneha ka har'a li-chromosome tse nyenyane tsa baktheria tse bitsoang li-plasmid. 04:01.605 --> 04:07.636 Lisele tsa baktheria li ka arohana kamora metsotso e 20 e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, ho bolelang hore palo ea 04:07.636 --> 04:10.940 lisele e imena ka robeli hora e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. 04:10.940 --> 04:18.144 Ka tsela ena, libaktheria tse se nang palo li ka kotuloa ho tsoa mokelikeling oa khōlo ka matsatsi a seng makae feela, 04:18.144 --> 04:25.215 'me sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea baktheria e tla ba le likopi tse ngata tsa plasmid eo ho buuoang ka eona. 04:25.215 --> 04:27.988 Li-plasmid li bonolo ho sebetswa. 04:27.988 --> 04:35.860 Ho ka kenngwa diresepe tsa kantle, ke hore, dijini tse fanang ka litaelo tsa ho etsa diprotheine tsa vaerase, mohlala. 04:35.860 --> 04:41.524 Kamora ho ata ha libaktheria, li-plasmid lia bokellwa ebe li sebediswa e le 04:41.524 --> 04:47.639 ditempeleite bakeng sa tlhahiso ya dikopi tsa mRNA. 04:47.639 --> 04:52.606 Qetellong, li-molecule tsa RNA li phutheloa ka har'a likotoana tse nyenyane haholo tsa 04:52.606 --> 04:56.007 mafura tse bitsoang li-lipid nanoparticle (LNPs). 04:56.007 --> 05:04.729 Dikarolo tsa sehlooho tsa LNP di etswa ka maiketsetso mme di tsejwa hore di na le chefo ka botsona. 05:04.729 --> 05:12.659 Ho feta moo, metsoako e khethehileng ea mafura e sebelisoang ke Pfizer/BioNTech le Moderna e ne e e-s'o lekoa le 05:12.659 --> 05:20.413 ho batho pele liente tsa mRNA tse tsoang ho bahlahisi bana ka bobeli li fumana tumello ea tšohanyetso. 05:20.413 --> 05:26.674 Sena se baka kotsi ea bophelo e ke keng ea latoloa ebile e sa hlokahale ho hang. 05:26.674 --> 05:38.531 Ho phuthelwa ha RNA ka LNP ho e sireletsa tshenyong, ho etsa hore e fihle makgwafing ohle a mmele ka madi. 05:38.531 --> 05:44.520 Mona, di-LNP di sebetsa jwaloka dipere tsa Trojan. 05:44.520 --> 05:49.040 Li monngoa ke lisele 'me mRNA ea lokolloa. 05:49.040 --> 05:52.457 Sena se latelwa ke tlhahiso ya protheine ya spike. 05:52.457 --> 05:58.496 Sena se qetella se qholotsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa, ho kenyeletsa le ho thehoa ha masole a 'mele a 05:58.496 --> 06:03.180 ikhethileng a etselitsoeng ho re sireletsa mafung a kamoso. 06:03.180 --> 06:09.954 Leha ho le jwalo, sesole sa mmele se a tseba mme se timetse disele tsa mmele tse hlahisang diprotheine tse sa tlwaelehang. 06:09.954 --> 06:15.467 Ka tlhaho, sena se etsahala ha lisele tsa rona li tšoaetsoa ke livaerase. 06:15.467 --> 06:22.171 Bokgoni bona ba ho lemoha diprotheine tsa kantle ho mmele e le tse jwalo bo se bo le teng ho tloha tshwetsong. 06:22.171 --> 06:29.736 E re sireletsa bophelo bohle ba rona, kaha lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke vaerase li felisoa ka katleho ka tsela ena. 06:29.736 --> 06:31.900 Ha e ka hatellwa. 06:31.900 --> 06:38.221 Ka hona, ha mRNA e fanang ka tlhahiso ea protheine e sa tloaelehang e kenngoa ka har'a sele, sele 06:38.221 --> 06:41.803 eo e hlaseloa ke sesole sa 'mele sa ho itšireletsa. 06:41.803 --> 06:48.040 Ho hana ha litho tse hlomathisitsoeng ho bontša ntlha ena ea motheo. 06:48.040 --> 06:52.145 Ha o ka fumana phio ya ka, o tla e hana. 06:52.145 --> 06:56.507 O fumana philo ea ka ea bobeli, 'me ho hana ho hona ho hlahlamang ho latela, feela lekhetlong 06:56.507 --> 06:59.508 lena ka potlako le ka bohale bo boholoanyane. 06:59.508 --> 07:09.685 Melao-motheo e tšoanang e baka litlamorao tse kotsi tse ntseng li eketseha ka ho tsoelang pele tsa liente tse pheta-phetoang. 07:09.685 --> 07:19.740 Palo ea likopi tsa RNA tse phuthetsoeng ka har'a LNP tse fanoang ka ente ka 'ngoe e khōlō haholo. 07:19.740 --> 07:25.562 Liselese tse ngata-ngata 'meleng kaofela li tla hlaselwa ke tsamaiso ya rona ya mmele ya ho itwanela mafu. 07:25.562 --> 07:34.718 Tlhaselo ena e ka emisoa feela ha tlhahiso ea protheine e tsoang kantle e se e emile. 07:34.718 --> 07:37.632 Empa sena se tla nka nako e kae? 07:37.632 --> 07:45.566 Ke matsatsi a seng makae feela, jwalo ka ha bahlahisi ba ente le balaodi ba ts'ebetso ba ntse ba re tiisetsa kgafetsa? 07:45.566 --> 07:54.781 Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng, ho entsoe litemoso tse tšosang tse sa lumellaneng le polelo ena. 07:54.781 --> 08:02.689 Ho batho ba entetsoeng, protheine ea spike le ho ruruha li ile tsa fumanoa lithong tse ngata libeke esita le 08:02.689 --> 08:10.649 likhoeli kamora liente , e leng se neng se amahanngoa le mafu a tebileng 'me hangata a bolaeang. 08:10.649 --> 08:19.700 Empa tlhahiso ena e tsitsitseng e sa lebelloang ea protheine e laetsoeng ke mRNA e ka hlalosoa joang? 08:19.700 --> 08:30.383 Karabo e utlwahalang empa e tshosang e fannwe ke tsebo e fumanweng ke McKernan le basebetsimmoho le 08:30.383 --> 08:36.372 yena, eo ba e phatlaladitseng selemo se fetileng. 08:36.372 --> 08:45.762 Re ne re se re buisane hore mRNA e etswa ho tswa ho ditempeleite tsa DNA tsa plasmid nakong ya tlhahiso ya ente. 08:45.762 --> 08:54.214 Pele mRNA e phuthelwa ka hara LNP, DNA ena e tlameha ho tloswa pele. 08:54.214 --> 09:03.558 Ho seng jwalo, DNA ya plasmid e ka kwalellwa ka hara marophi a mafura mmoho le RNA. 09:03.558 --> 09:14.880 McKernan o ile a fumana hore mohato ona oa bohlokoa oa ho tlosa DNA ea plasmid o ne o sa etsoa ka hloko. 09:14.880 --> 09:24.894 Ho fumanoe litekanyo tse feteletseng tsa DNA ea plasmid mefuteng e mengata ea liente tsa Pfizer le Moderna. 09:27.086 --> 09:34.145 Diphuputso tsa Kevin McKernan di ile tsa nyenyefatswa ke bongata ba batho ba tlwaelehileng. 09:34.145 --> 09:43.953 Balaodi ba taolo ba boletse hore baetsi ba ne ba ba tsebiseditse ka boteng ba DNA, empa seo ha se a ba thibela ho 09:43.953 --> 09:52.920 fana ka tumello, kaha dipalo tse tlalehilweng di ne di le ka tlase ho meedi e behilweng ke WHO. 09:52.920 --> 09:55.941 Empa meedi ena e tswa kae? 09:55.941 --> 10:02.187 Setsi sa Meriana sa Europe (EMA) se ne se behile moedi oa li-nanogram tse 10 tsa DNA 10:02.187 --> 10:06.135 bakeng sa tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ente. 10:06.135 --> 10:13.127 O ile a bua ka tlaleho ya WHO ya 1998. 10:13.127 --> 10:22.625 Tlaleho ena ea botekgeniki e bolela: "Ho latela tsebo ea hajoale, DNA e tsoang meleng e tsoelang pele ea lisele ho fihla 10:22.625 --> 10:27.936 ho 10ng ka tekanyo e hloekisitsoeng e ka nkoa e amoheleha." 10:27.936 --> 10:35.203 Moedi o motjha o kaholimo ha o sebetse dihlahisweng tse tswang diseleng tsa dikokwanahloko, mefuteng ya 10:35.203 --> 10:42.061 disele tsa diploid kapa dikotlasong tsa disele tsa mantlha. 10:42.061 --> 10:47.704 Re bona hore tlaleho ea WHO e khetholla mefuta e 'meli ea DNA. 10:47.704 --> 10:55.760 E 'ngoe e nkoa e le kotsi ho feta e 'ngoe, 'me ka hona bongata ba tsona bo lekanyelitsoe ho boleng bo boletsoeng. 10:55.760 --> 11:02.983 Empa DNA ea plasmid e fumanehang ka har'a liente tsa mRNA e oela sehlopheng sefe ho tse peli 11:02.983 --> 11:08.079 – ho se kotsi haholo kapa ho se kotsi hanyane? 11:08.079 --> 11:17.231 Ha e le hantle ha e oele sehlopheng sefe kapa sefe, hobane tataiso ea WHO e nka ka potlako hore DNA efe kapa efe e 11:17.231 --> 11:25.154 fumanehang ka har'a moriana kapa ente ha se letho haese: DNA e "hlobotseng", eo ho monngoa ha eona liseleng 11:25.154 --> 11:29.880 tsa 'mele oa rona ho tla ba le katleho e tlase haholo. 11:29.880 --> 11:42.794 Leha ho le joalo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, DNA e silafatsang e ka har'a liente e tla be e phuthetsoe ka LNP, joalo ka mRNA. 11:42.794 --> 11:49.960 Phuthelo ena e etsa hore DNA e monngoe ke lisele tsa 'mele oa rona ka katleho e kholo haholo . 11:49.960 --> 11:57.697 Ka hona, ho ka be ho bile bohlokoa ho khetha moedi o "sireletsehileng" bakeng sa DNA e koahetsoeng ka LNP 11:57.697 --> 12:01.510 ho sebelisoa liteko tse ncha, tse reretsoeng ka hloko. 12:01.510 --> 12:07.479 Empa ha re nke hore moedi o behilweng ke EMA o a amoheleha. 12:07.479 --> 12:10.860 Sena se re isa kae? 12:10.860 --> 12:18.269 Tlalehong ea eona e boletsoeng ka holimo , EMA e bolela hore lisampole tsohle tsa ente tseo e li fumaneng 12:18.269 --> 12:25.175 ho tsoa ho Pfizer/BioNTech pele ho tumello li ne li latela moeli oa EMA oa DNA e setseng. 12:25.175 --> 12:33.154 Leha ho le jwalo, ho hlakile hore EMA ha e a ka ya netefatsa taolo e tswelang pele ya boleng kamora tumello, mme hoo ho sebetsa 12:33.154 --> 12:37.995 le ho balaodi bo bong bohle ba molao lefatsheng ka bophara. 12:37.995 --> 12:46.912 Sena se ka fihleloa qeto ho latela liphuputso tsa Kevin McKernan, tse bontšang hore palo ea DNA meqolong eohle ea ente 12:46.912 --> 12:53.021 e ileng ea hlahlojoa e feta moeli o behiloeng ke WHO le EMA. 12:54.556 --> 13:04.728 Sena se re isa temohisisong e makatsang le e tšosang ea hore liente tsena tse kotsi li entsoe ntle le taolo efe kapa efe, le 13:04.728 --> 13:11.865 hore batho ba likete-kete tse makholo ba kentsoe ka meqolo ea liente e neng e tlōtse ka 13:11.865 --> 13:16.388 mokhoa o feteletseng lipehelo tsa tumello. 13:16.388 --> 13:25.878 Hona joale ho thibetsoe ho enta moriana o sa lumellaneng le litaelo tse behiloeng tumellong ea papatso. 13:25.878 --> 13:33.085 Ka hona, ho tswela pele ho enta ka meento ena ha se letho haese ketso ya botlokotsebe. 13:33.085 --> 13:42.038 Ke kamoo mebuso ya rona e leng hole kateng ka ho hloka tsebo ho hlonameng, hoo e entseng sena ho 13:42.038 --> 13:47.488 baahi ba yona mme e ntse e tswela pele ho etsa jwalo. 13:47.488 --> 13:54.237 Tlhokomeliso: Ba boholong ba loketseng linaheng tsa Bophirimela ba hanne ka mafolofolo ho etsa 13:54.237 --> 13:59.444 lipatlisiso hore na sehlopha sa McKernan se ka be se nepile. 13:59.444 --> 14:06.715 Ho e-na le hoo, baa pina ka lentsoe le le leng: DNA e ke ke ea fihla liseleng. 14:06.715 --> 14:14.166 Mme haeba ho jwalo, e tla hlephwa le ho senngwa kapele teng. 14:14.166 --> 14:24.437 Ho feta moo, khubu ea sele e arotsoe ho ts'ila ea sele ke lera le sa penyeheng, e le hore DNA e tsoang kantle e ke ke 14:24.437 --> 14:31.336 ea kena ka hare ho khubu ho ea etsa mosebetsi oa eona moo. 14:31.336 --> 14:41.420 Ntho e le 'ngoe feela e ntle ka pale ena e tšosang ke hore ba boholong ba ikarabellang joale ba se ba ipontšitse. 14:41.420 --> 14:47.567 Ba qethetsoe ke mekhoa, 'me sena se bonahala ho bohle. 14:47.567 --> 14:56.818 Ho hlakile hore mekhatlo ea naha e sebelisana 'moho le baetsi ba tlōlo ena e tšabehang ea molao. 14:56.818 --> 15:06.260 Liphetho tsa McKernan li tlameha ho tšosa mang kapa mang ea nang le tsebo e nyenyane feela ea baeloji. 15:06.260 --> 15:14.740 Ho hlakile hore DNA ea plasmid e koahetsoeng ka LNP e tla kena ka har'a lisele tsa rona ka katleho e kholo. 15:14.740 --> 15:22.402 Lera la nyutlelie ha le kgone ho sireletsa dikromosomo ka ho sa feleng; le qhibidiha nakong ya karohano e nngwe le e nngwe 15:22.402 --> 15:30.600 ya sele, mme DNA e sa tlwaelehang e ntan'o kenyelletswa ka hara dinyutlelie tse sa tswa thehwa tsa disele tse ngwana. 15:30.600 --> 15:40.685 Ho nkoa hona feela ho lekane ho qala tlhahiso ea nako e telele ea liprotheine tse khoutiloeng – ha ho hlokahale hore li 15:40.685 --> 15:46.528 kopanngoe le DNA ea li-chromosome tsa rona bakeng sa sena . 15:46.528 --> 15:54.920 Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba kopanyo e jwalo e ka etsahala, e baka dikotsi tse eketsehileng. 15:54.920 --> 16:02.620 Diphuputso tsa McKernan ho tloha ka nako eo di netefaditswe ke dilaboratori tse ding naheng ya United States le Canada. 16:02.620 --> 16:09.185 Jwale re tlaleha ka diteko tse ding tse tswelang pele tse entsweng ke sehlopha sa bafuputsi ba nang le 16:09.185 --> 16:14.675 boiphihlelo ba Jeremane hodima dihlopha tsa ente ya BioNTech. 16:16.863 --> 16:23.159 Sephetho sa pele: Jwaloka pele, ho ile ha fumanwa bokae bo boholo ba DNA ya baktheria 16:23.159 --> 16:27.250 mehleng yohle e tsheletseng e hlahlobilweng. 16:27.250 --> 16:35.700 Dikarolo tsohle tsa lefutso tseo McKernan a neng a di fumane pele ho plasmid, di boetse di tsebahaditswe mona. 16:35.700 --> 16:44.515 Sena se sebetsa hape le ho se bitswang SV40 promoter, karolo e ikgethang haholo eo ho neng ho 16:44.515 --> 16:50.098 patilwe boteng ba yona ho setjhaba le ho balaodi. 16:50.098 --> 16:59.662 Lebaka leo ka lona Pfizer le BioNTech ba kenyeletsitseng SV40 promoter ka har'a plasmid ea bona ke potso e khahlang haholo. 16:59.662 --> 17:07.985 Karolo ena ha e hlokahale bakeng sa tlhahiso ea spike mRNA, 'me ha e so be teng ho plasmid e 17:07.985 --> 17:13.297 sebelisoang ke Moderna bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ente. 17:13.297 --> 17:22.055 Leha ho le jwalo, 'promoter' ya SV40 e na le bokgoni bo makatsang ba ho iphasisetsa le ho kenya di-'sequence' tsa DNA 17:22.055 --> 17:31.320 tse e mametseng ka hara 'membrane' e sa senyehang ya 'nucleus', esita le liseleng tse sa arohaneng ka nako eo. 17:31.320 --> 17:38.031 Re o tlohella hore o nahane hore na seo se bolela'ng. 17:38.031 --> 17:46.533 Potso e latelang ke: Na DNA ea plasmid e ka kena ka har'a lisele tsa batho 'me ea lula moo nako e telele? 17:46.533 --> 17:49.502 Karabo ke ee! 17:49.502 --> 17:57.072 Sehlopha sa bafuputsi se fumane hore kamohelo ea DNA e etsahala ka potlako, le hore e lula liseleng ka 17:57.072 --> 18:05.024 matsatsi a mangata ka mor'a moo, e ntse e ka lemohuoa le ka mor'a potoloho ea karohano ea lisele. 18:05.024 --> 18:12.486 Ka hona, qoso ea hore DNA e koenwang e senyeha kapele ke leshano le feletseng – e fana ka 18:12.486 --> 18:18.138 tlhahisoleseding e kotsi ya bongaka e fosahetseng. 18:20.636 --> 18:27.715 Hona joale ho na le mehlala e mengata ea DNA e tsoang kantle e kentsoeng bukeng ea bophelo, ka har'a 18:27.715 --> 18:32.386 li-chromosome tsa lisele le liphoofolo tsa laboratori. 18:32.386 --> 18:36.600 Litlamorao tse ka bang teng li ngata ebile ha li lebelloe. 18:36.600 --> 18:46.293 Tšitiso tšebetsong e hlophisitsoeng ka hloko e laolang karohano le kholo ea lisele e ka baka mofetše. 18:46.293 --> 18:53.650 Liphetoho ho li-gene tse sebetsang e le karolo ea tsamaiso ea boitšireletso ba 'mele li ka baka hore e se sebetse hantle. 18:53.650 --> 19:03.420 Tšitiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso liseleng tsa boko e ka baka lefu lefe kapa lefe la methapo la boko le ka nahanoang. 19:03.420 --> 19:12.104 Haeba DNA e tsoang kantle e kena ka har'a li-chromosome tsa peo ea botona kapa mahe a nonneng, litšobotsi tse 19:12.104 --> 19:18.340 fetotsoeng tse hlahang li tla fetisetsoa melokong e tlang. 19:18.340 --> 19:21.798 Sena se re tlisa potsolosong ya rona ya ho qetela: 19:24.732 --> 19:35.400 Na re lokela ho tshwenyeha hore DNA ya baktheria e tswang mekenong e ka kenyelletswa le yona ka hara dikromosomo tsa batho? 19:35.400 --> 19:44.929 Ho hlakisa potso ena, sehlopha sa Majeremane se ile sa romela mehlala ea lisele tsa sona e phekiloeng ka ente ho Kevin, se 19:44.929 --> 19:50.849 kopa hore ho etsoe tatellano e feletseng ea DNA ea lisele tseo. 19:50.849 --> 19:56.254 Liphetho li ka bonoa ho Substack ea Kevin . 19:56.254 --> 20:00.620 Karabo hape ke: ee! 20:00.620 --> 20:11.267 Hona joale, ho lemoha DNA ea baktheria ka har'a li-chromosome tsa lisele tse joalo ho batla ho phethehile. 20:11.267 --> 20:18.712 Haeba sena se etsahala liseleng tse ikemetseng, na ho na le lebaka le hlakileng le ka 20:18.712 --> 20:23.426 etsang hore se se ke sa etsahala le 'meleng? 20:23.426 --> 20:29.112 Lekgetlong lena, mme ke lona feela, karabo ya rona ke tjhe. 20:29.112 --> 20:38.638 Kajeno, mona le hona joale, re tobane le temoho ea hore mebuso lefatšeng ka bophara e kene lenaneong la bosatane le 20:38.638 --> 20:49.760 lematsitseng, la bolayang le ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho ba bomilione ba bomalimabe lefatšeng ka bophara. 20:49.760 --> 21:00.033 Mme lenaneo lena le reretsoe ho atoloswa; WHO e ikemiseditse ho nkela ente tse tlwaelehileng sebaka ka mefuta ya meento ya 21:00.033 --> 21:06.227 mRNA ka kakaretso, ho tsa bongaka ba batho le ba diphoofolo. 21:06.227 --> 21:13.328 WHO e re bolella hore liente tsa COVID li pakile polokeho ea tsona ka tsela e khahlang hoo ho seng ho hlokahala hore 21:13.328 --> 21:21.568 ho etsoe liteko tse tebileng tsa liente tsa kamoso tsa mRNA khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse bakang mafu. 21:21.568 --> 21:31.812 Empa ha ho letho le ka hole le nnete ho feta polelo ena e lerootho ea ho putlama ha saense ea bongaka. 21:31.812 --> 21:41.020 Baahi-'moho ba ratehang, molemong oa lona le oa baratuoa ba lona, le se ke la lebala ntho ee e le 'ngoe: 21:41.020 --> 21:47.674 Ho hlahisoa ha antigen e tsoang kantle ho 'mele ka har'a sele ea 'mele oa rona ho tla lula ho lebisa 21:47.674 --> 21:51.795 tlhaselong ea tsamaiso ea boitšireletso seleng eo. 21:51.795 --> 22:00.652 Kaha ente e nngwe le e nngwe e ntjha ya mRNA e na le antigen ya yona e sa tlwaelehang, e nngwe le e nngwe ya tsona le 22:00.652 --> 22:10.000 yona e tla baka tshenyo, jwalo ka ha re bone ka liente tse fetotsweng ka lefutso kgahlanong le COVID-19. 22:10.000 --> 22:17.609 Mme jwaloka pele, tshenyo ena e tla mpefala ka ho nchafatswa ho hong le ho hong. 22:17.609 --> 22:27.364 Ho ka etsahala hore ho silafala ha liente tsa mRNA le hona e be tloaelo, kaha ha ho na mokhoa o sa jeng chelete e ngata o ka 22:27.364 --> 22:37.198 arolang ka bots'epehi mRNA e hlahisitsoeng ka bongata ho tsoa ho li-plasmid – 'me leha ho le joalo, ha ho motho ea bonahalang 22:37.198 --> 22:43.051 a beha leihlo hore na melaoana ea tlhahiso ea lateloa. 22:43.051 --> 22:45.860 Lenaneo la WHO ke tšokelo ho batho. 22:45.860 --> 22:49.346 E tšosa UENA le baratuoa ba hau. 22:49.346 --> 22:56.453 Batho ba lefatshe, kopanang mme le re pholoseng bohlanyeng bona ba botlokotsebe! 22:56.453 --> 23:03.890 A re emiseng liente tsa mRNA – a re emiseng WHO! 23:13.921 --> 23:19.759 Dumela, lebitso la ka ke Lara mme kajeno ke tlo le phetela pale ya ka. 23:19.759 --> 23:21.290 Lebitso la ka ke Lara. 23:21.290 --> 23:24.848 Lebitso la ka ke Lara, mme ke qetile dilemo tse mashome a mabedi kgwedi e fetileng. 23:24.848 --> 23:30.112 Lebitso la ka ke Lara, ke lilemo li mashome a mabeli, 'me libeke tse peli pele ke qeta lilemo tse leshome le metso e 23:30.112 --> 23:34.063 robeli, ka tšohanyetso ka iphumana ke sa khone ho tsamaea. 23:34.063 --> 23:42.708 Matsatsi a mararo kamora ho fumana ente ea ka ea boraro ea coronavirus ka la 17 Pherekhong 2022, ke ile ka akheha, mme ha 23:42.708 --> 23:52.431 ke tsoha, ke ne ke ferekane ka ho feletseng 'me maoto a ka a ne a se a sa khone ho nteka. Ke ne ke se ke sa khone ho tsamaea. 23:52.431 --> 23:55.931 Nke ke ka lebala letsatsi lena kapele. 23:55.931 --> 24:03.188 Kamora hora, le nna ke ile ka qala ho thatafallwa ke ho hema, mme ka iswa sepetleleng sa bana. 24:03.188 --> 24:05.063 Ee. 24:07.345 --> 24:12.260 Nakong e latelang, boemo ba ka ha bo a ka ba fetoha haholo. 24:12.260 --> 24:15.758 Le matsoho a ka a ne a sitoa ho tshwara dintho hantle. 24:15.758 --> 24:18.243 Ke qetile matsatsi a ka ke le betheng. 24:18.243 --> 24:25.149 Ho bala ho ne ho sa khonehe hobane ka lentsoe la boraro polelong, ke ne ke se ke lebetse a mabeli a pele... 24:26.657 --> 24:30.092 Mmino le divideo di ne di nkgatholla. 24:30.092 --> 24:35.217 Ho ile ha eketsoa taba ea ho se khone ho itshwara, lentsoe leo ke neng ke sa le tsebe le hanyenyane. 24:35.217 --> 24:39.060 Ke ile ka qobelloa ho robala betheng ka likhoeli tse 'ne. 24:39.060 --> 24:41.451 Ke ne ke sa tsoa qeta lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli. 24:41.451 --> 24:48.120 Ho 'na, eo e ka be e bile nako ea ho tsoa, ho kopana le metsoalle, le ho natefeloa ke tokoloho ea ka. 24:48.120 --> 24:51.273 Empa ke ne ke tlanngoe betheng. 24:51.273 --> 24:54.648 Metsoalle e ile ea re salang hantle ka ho latellana. 24:54.648 --> 24:59.218 Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho bohloko haholo ho 'na, empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, u 24:59.218 --> 25:02.408 etsang ka motho ea mpa a phomotse feela lapeng? 25:02.408 --> 25:06.135 Ha ke kgone ho itlhalosetsa tsohle tse ileng tsa latela. 25:06.135 --> 25:08.593 E ka feta nako ena e behiloeng. 25:08.593 --> 25:12.197 Ke tla e hlalosa ka mantsoe a sehlooho. 25:12.197 --> 25:15.619 Acupuncture e nthusitse hore ke boele mafolofolo. 25:15.619 --> 25:17.860 Ke pheta selemo sekolong. 25:17.860 --> 25:23.150 Ke ea maetong a mabeli a makhutšoane, Paris le Roma. Huree! 25:23.150 --> 25:29.096 Empa Loetse 2022... Mokgathala o boima o a kena. 25:29.096 --> 25:31.330 Ho qala ho kgutlela morao. 25:31.330 --> 25:33.486 Nke ke ka boela. 25:33.486 --> 25:37.273 Ke leka ho pheta sehlopha. Ha ho sebetse. 25:37.273 --> 25:39.391 Ho fetola mefuta ea likolo, ho lokile. 25:39.391 --> 25:40.953 Ha ho sa na koleche ea sekolo se phahameng. 25:40.953 --> 25:42.740 Empa phetoho e molemo. 25:42.740 --> 25:48.462 Ke tla fumana li-crutch e le hore nka ea sekolong leha e le matsatsing a mabe. 25:48.462 --> 25:54.174 Ho qala nako ea ho iphetapheta ha seo ho thoeng ke ho putlama hape. 25:54.174 --> 25:58.720 Lithupa ha li sa nthusa hobane ke khathetse haholo. 25:58.720 --> 26:04.727 Ke tlameha ho amohela seo ke sa kang ka se batla: setulo sa maoto. 26:04.727 --> 26:06.965 Empa nka kena sekolo. 26:06.965 --> 26:10.987 Eaba ke phela ka mofuta oa morethetho oa ho khutlela morao. 26:10.987 --> 26:14.404 Jwale ke se ke ithutile ho phela le ho kgutlela hona morao. 26:14.404 --> 26:20.075 Ho tloha ka letsatsi leo la Pherekhong 2022, bophelo ba ka bo bile joaloka sepalangoang se nyolohang le ho theoha: 26:20.075 --> 26:26.948 Ho kgutlela morao, kgaotso, ho kgutlela morao ka karolo, kgaotso, ho kgutlela morao ho matla, kgaotso. 26:26.948 --> 26:31.335 Ha ho bonolo. Empa nka e etsa. Ke batla ho e etsa. 26:31.335 --> 26:33.862 Ke na le litoro tse ngata. 26:33.862 --> 26:40.086 Nakong ea lilemo tsena tse peli, ke bile ke tšoerehile haholo ka ntho e ka bonahalang e se ea bohlokoa. 26:40.086 --> 26:42.134 Ke ne ke sa tsebe hore ke na le eng. 26:42.134 --> 26:43.959 Ha ho motho ea neng a tseba. 26:43.959 --> 26:50.229 Ke hopola letsatsi leo 'm'e a ileng a fumana inthaneteng hore lefu la ka le neng le se na lebitso le ne 26:50.229 --> 26:53.880 le na le lona: Post-Vac Syndrome, Post-Vac Syndrome. 26:53.880 --> 26:58.335 Joale nka tsheha ka yona. Hobane ha e le hantle ha se lebitso la lefu. 26:58.335 --> 27:00.020 Empa ke ne ke thabile. 27:00.020 --> 27:02.638 Jwale ke a tseba hore na ke hobaneng ho ne ho le bohlokwa hakaalo ho nna. 27:02.638 --> 27:08.300 Hobane motho e mong o ne a mpona ka tšohanyetso. Mme boemo ba ka bo ne bo e-na le lebitso. 27:08.300 --> 27:11.537 Hobane ke ile ka arolelana bokulo ba ka le ba bang. 27:11.537 --> 27:13.312 Ke ne ke se ke le mong. 27:13.312 --> 27:15.946 Mme e ne e le tokoloho. 27:15.946 --> 27:23.278 Kamora ditlhahlobo tse ngata, tse neng di dula di phethela ka hore "tsohle di tlwaelehile," qetellong ke fumane ho le hona ka 27:23.278 --> 27:27.934 malwetse a mabedi: small fibre neuropathy le fatigue syndrome. 27:27.934 --> 27:34.200 Leetong lena le lelelele, ha kea ba le maiphihlelo a mabe feela ka tlhokomelo ea bongaka. 27:34.200 --> 27:36.580 Lingaka tse seng kae li ne li tiile. 27:36.580 --> 27:41.752 U nthusitse hore ke hatele pele hanyane, mme kea leboha ho tswa botebong ba pelo ya ka. 27:41.752 --> 27:43.873 Ke ntse ke le leetong le sa tsitsang. 27:43.873 --> 27:45.780 Ha e eso fele. 27:45.780 --> 27:47.700 Empa joale e se e bataletse. 27:47.700 --> 27:49.003 Ke tšepa hore ho tla lula ho le joalo. 27:49.003 --> 27:53.264 Mme ke tshepa hore ka nako e nngwe ke tla kgona ho tswa ho se tsamaeng sena ka ho feletseng. 27:53.264 --> 27:58.699 Ho ka ba monate ho ema fatše ka maoto a ka a sebetsang. 27:58.699 --> 28:00.730 Tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso! 28:00.730 --> 28:08.476 Kaofela ha rona re hloka pono e pharaletseng. Mme ke hloka wena. Kea leboha. 28:11.867 --> 28:18.399 Mokgatlo wa MWGFD o entse dipuisano tse ding tse kgahlang le tse amang maikutlo le batho ba ileng ba lemala ka lebaka 28:18.399 --> 28:22.273 la mekento ya mRNA letotong la "Vaccinated, Harmed, Denied". 28:22.273 --> 28:25.740 U ka fumana tsena tlas'a sehokelo se bontšitsoeng. 28:25.740 --> 28:31.837 Ka lebaka la hore theknoloji ea mRNA e boetse e tla kenngoa tšebetsong bakeng sa liente tse ling – kapa, ka nepo e kholo, 28:31.837 --> 28:36.069 liphekolo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso – ho bohlokoa le ho feta ho phatlalatsa litlaleho 28:36.069 --> 28:39.118 tsena tse tšosang tsa tšenyo e bakoang ke ente. 28:39.118 --> 28:42.797 Ka kopo, ikutloeng le lokolohile ho arolelana lipuisano tsena. 28:42.797 --> 28:50.370 Le wena o ka thusa ho totobatsa boholo ba tshenyo e bakilweng ke meento ya mRNA ka ho tlaleha tshenyo efe 28:50.370 --> 28:54.120 kapa efe ya ente sebakeng sa heno ho vetopedia.org.