1
00:00:00,429 --> 00:00:05,718
Kusan babu wata cuta da ke da tasiri
mai zurfi a al'ummarmu kamar sankara.

2
00:00:05,718 --> 00:00:12,286
Tabbas kowa ya san wani a kusa da shi wanda ya
taba kamuwa da ciwon daji ko ma ya mutu saboda shi.

3
00:00:12,286 --> 00:00:18,980
A shekarar 2018 kadai, kafin barkewar cutar coronavirus, an
samu sabbin lamuran ciwon daji miliyan 18 a duk fadin duniya.

4
00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:23,958
A Jamus, ciwon daji ya kasance
sanadin mutuwa na biyu a shekarar 2022.

5
00:00:23,958 --> 00:00:31,767
Kididdiga daga shekaru goma da suka gabata sun nuna
karuwar kashi 1.5 cikin ɗari a yawan mutuwar cutar daji.

6
00:00:31,767 --> 00:00:37,527
A shekarar 2019, jaridar Südkurier ta buga
taken: "Yuro biliyan 120 don bincike: Dalilin da

7
00:00:37,527 --> 00:00:41,081
ya sa EU ke ayyana yaki da ciwon daji yanzu."

8
00:00:41,081 --> 00:00:49,917
Saboda haka, za a ƙara kashe kuɗin bincike da
ƙarin fam biliyan 120 tsakanin shekarar 2021 da 2027.

9
00:00:49,917 --> 00:00:53,570
An dade ana zuba dimbin kudi cikin binciken sankara.

10
00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:58,937
Amma me ya sa har yanzu ba a samu wani ci
gaba mai ma'ana a yaki da ciwon daji ba?

11
00:00:58,937 --> 00:01:05,714
Mu fara da taƙaitaccen kallo kan tarihin
binciken sankara sama da shekaru ɗari da suka wuce.

12
00:01:05,714 --> 00:01:06,574
ɗaya.

13
00:01:06,574 --> 00:01:09,787
Tarihin binciken sankara

14
00:01:09,787 --> 00:01:15,779
Kusan shekarar 1900, an gano ƙarin ƙwayoyin
cuta masu haifar da cututtuka daban-daban.

15
00:01:15,779 --> 00:01:19,960
A cikin cutar sankara ma, masu bincike
sun fara neman gano wani kwayar cuta.

16
00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:26,525
Sakamakon binciken Farfesoshi Robert Koch da
M. Newjadomskij ya kasance mai matuƙar haske.

17
00:01:26,525 --> 00:01:32,200
Dukkansu sun gano da kansu cewa ƙwayoyin
sankarau suna bambanta da na ƙwayoyin nama na al'ada.

18
00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:37,027
Suna nuna halaye da ba a san suna
faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jiki na al'ada ba.

19
00:01:37,027 --> 00:01:42,552
Misali, suna nuna girma mai kama da marar
iyaka, suna motsi kamar amoeba, kuma suna samar

20
00:01:42,552 --> 00:01:46,091
da metastasis a sassan jiki gaba ɗaya daban.

21
00:01:46,091 --> 00:01:51,121
Saboda haka Koch da Newjadomskij suka kammala
cewa sankara tana faruwa ne saboda ƙananan

22
00:01:51,121 --> 00:01:54,560
ƙwayoyin cuta, wato ƙwayoyin cuta ƙanana ƙwarai.

23
00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:59,639
Sai dai wasu masu bincike sun bayyana ci gaban sankara a
matsayin abin da ya samo asali daga sanadi mara rai,

24
00:01:59,639 --> 00:02:03,162
misali ta hanyar abubuwan motsa da ke shafar ƙwayoyin jiki.

25
00:02:03,162 --> 00:02:09,365
A cewar wannan, ƙwayar sankarau ƙwaya ce da ta yi
canji, wato ta lalace, wadda jiki kansa ya samar.

26
00:02:09,365 --> 00:02:13,701
Bayan muhawara mai zafi, ra'ayin
ƙwayar da ta lalace ya yi rinjaye.

27
00:02:13,701 --> 00:02:17,792
Onkoloji na yau yana dogara ne akan wannan lalacewa.

28
00:02:17,792 --> 00:02:24,151
An dakatar da binciken cutar a hukumance. Ba
a sake buƙatar sauran sakamakon bincike ba.

29
00:02:24,151 --> 00:02:29,122
Har zuwa yanzu, binciken gwamnati kan cutar sankara
ya yi nasarar watsi da sakamakon binciken "madadin"

30
00:02:29,122 --> 00:02:32,423
ko kuma ya yi yaƙi da masu bincike da ba su dace ba.

31
00:02:32,423 --> 00:02:41,102
Don haka, ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da sakamakon
bincike da watakila ba ku taɓa jin labarinsu ba.

32
00:02:41,102 --> 00:02:42,051
biyu.

33
00:02:42,051 --> 00:02:46,645
Sakamakon bincike na daban

34
00:02:46,645 --> 00:02:48,832
Dr Alfons Weber

35
00:02:48,832 --> 00:02:53,880
A shekarar 1967, likitan cutar daji na Jamus
kuma masanin binciken ƙwayoyin halitta Dr

36
00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:57,354
Alfons Weber ya wallafa sakamakon bincikensa.

37
00:02:57,354 --> 00:03:03,260
A cewar wannan, zai iya gano ƙananan
ƙwayoyin cuta a kowanne nama na sankara.

38
00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:11,880
Dr Alfons Weber ya yi imani cewa babu ɗaya daga cikin magungunan
ciwon daji da aka amince da su a hukumance da zai taimaka.

39
00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:18,370
Ana kai hari ga ƙwayar nama maimakon
ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da ciwon daji.

40
00:03:18,370 --> 00:03:22,820
An yi watsi da shaidar bincikensa sosai.

41
00:03:22,820 --> 00:03:31,839
Suna "abubuwan tarihi, kumfa na ruwa ko
gine-ginen ƙirƙira" ko ma "ganin ƙarya na wani mahaukaci".

42
00:03:31,839 --> 00:03:37,873
Hanyar maganin kansa da ya yi nasara ta amfani da
magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro ta janyo shekaru na

43
00:03:37,873 --> 00:03:41,614
shari'o'i a kotu da kuma soke lasisin likitancinsa.

44
00:03:41,614 --> 00:03:51,342
A shekarar 1972, an shigar da shi a asibitin kwakwalwa, duk
da cewa ba a tabbatar da wata cuta ta kwakwalwa a kansa ba.

45
00:03:51,342 --> 00:03:55,225
Dr Helmut Keller, Jamus

46
00:03:55,225 --> 00:04:03,689
Tun daga 1972, Keller ya yi nasarar magance wasu
ciwukan daji sosai da wani tsiri daga tsiron Venus flytrap.

47
00:04:03,689 --> 00:04:12,372
Samfurinsa "Carnivora" ya samu amincewa ta wucin gadi a
Jamus kuma ya yi matuƙar shahara tsakanin marasa lafiya.

48
00:04:12,372 --> 00:04:16,080
Cikas ga masana'antar magunguna.

49
00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:23,922
Sakamakon haka, Ofishin Lafiya na Tarayya ya
tilasta sake haramta sabon maganin a shekarar 1986.

50
00:04:23,922 --> 00:04:33,374
Saboda Dr Keller ya ci gaba da magance marasa lafiyarsa
da Carnivora, an ci tarar shi da maki 10,000 na Jamus.

51
00:04:33,374 --> 00:04:35,665
Tamara Lebedeva

52
00:04:35,665 --> 00:04:42,897
A shekarar 1989, masanin sinadarai kuma masanin
ƙwayoyin cuta na Rasha ya gano tsohon ƙwayar

53
00:04:42,897 --> 00:04:47,326
cuta Trichomonas a matsayin sanadin ciwon daji.

54
00:04:47,326 --> 00:04:54,214
A cewar ƙwarewarka, ga idon likitan cutar daji da bai
kware ba, flagellates za su bayyana kamar ƙwayoyin daji.

55
00:04:54,214 --> 00:04:57,230
Trichomonas su ne "masu fasahar yaudara".

56
00:04:57,230 --> 00:05:03,699
Misali, za su iya sauya kansu daga siffarsu mai tsawo,
mai igiyoyi da flagella, zuwa siffar amoeba mai zagaye

57
00:05:03,699 --> 00:05:07,700
wadda za ta yi kama sosai da ƙwayoyin halitta na ɗan adam.

58
00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:13,612
A cikin sifar amoeba, suna kafa ƙauyuka kuma suna
nade kansu cikin garkuwa kamar yadda ake buƙata.

59
00:05:13,612 --> 00:05:20,571
Lebedeva ta gane trichomoniasis a
matsayin mataki na farko na ciwon daji.

60
00:05:20,571 --> 00:05:27,534
Yunkurinsu na jawo hankalin jama'a ga
waɗannan sakamakon bincike ya gaza.

61
00:05:27,534 --> 00:05:35,739
Lebedeva: "Kowace wasiƙa, kowace tambaya ga
Ma'aikatar Lafiya ko wasu hukumomi a cikin hidimar lafiya ana

62
00:05:35,739 --> 00:05:40,193
sake tura su zuwa Cibiyar Kasa ta Oncology a Moscow,

63
00:05:40,193 --> 00:05:48,832
kuma daga nan ne ake samun amsa mai zargi duk lokacin
da ake cewa ba a ga binciken ya cancanci ƙoƙari ba.

64
00:05:48,832 --> 00:05:55,644
Masu kallo: Sakamakon binciken da aka
gabatar anan wakilci ne ga sauran da yawa.

65
00:05:55,644 --> 00:05:58,420
Me ya sa ake boye su daga jama'a?

66
00:05:58,420 --> 00:06:06,156
Wanene ke da sha'awar hana, ƙaryata, har ma da
laƙabta binciken maganin sankara na daban a matsayin laifi?

67
00:06:06,156 --> 00:06:13,952
A ƙasa, muna nuna yadda wasu ƙungiyoyin manyan 'yan
kuɗi suka kwace tsarin kiwon lafiya don muradunsu.

68
00:06:13,952 --> 00:06:14,966
uku.

69
00:06:14,966 --> 00:06:20,352
Juyin juya halin tsarin kiwon lafiya

70
00:06:20,352 --> 00:06:27,830
Mu koma ga wata iyali da ta shiga tarihi a matsayin
"manyan masu taimako", kuma ana kuma kiran su masu son jin kai:

71
00:06:27,830 --> 00:06:30,909
Iyalan Rockefeller na Amurka.

72
00:06:30,909 --> 00:06:38,356
A kusan shekarar 1880, Rockefeller Sr. ya mallaki
kashi 90 cikin ɗari na dukkan kasuwar mai ta Amurka.

73
00:06:38,356 --> 00:06:45,059
Kusan shekara ta 1900, masana kimiyya sun gano
"petrochemistry", wato samar da sinadarai daga danyen mai.

74
00:06:45,059 --> 00:06:48,505
Sun fara samar da sinadaran aiki na tsirrai ta hanyar kere-kere.

75
00:06:48,505 --> 00:06:52,350
Za a iya ba su haƙƙin mallaka sannan a
sayar da su don samun riba mai yawa.

76
00:06:52,350 --> 00:06:57,956
Tsarin Rockefeller shi ne ƙirƙirar
kasuwa don kayayyakin magani na sinadarai.

77
00:06:57,956 --> 00:07:03,409
Sai dai son Amurkawa ga magungunan
halitta da na ganye ya tsayar masa a hanya.

78
00:07:03,409 --> 00:07:10,140
Kusan rabin likitoci da makarantun likitanci a
Amurka suna kuma aiwatar da maganin holistik.

79
00:07:10,140 --> 00:07:16,081
Ta yaya Rockefeller Sr. ya yi nasarar mamaye fannin kiwon lafiya?

80
00:07:16,081 --> 00:07:18,997
Rahoton Flexner

81
00:07:20,542 --> 00:07:25,264
Abokin hulɗar kasuwanci mai riba na
Rockefeller koyaushe shi ne Andrew Carnegie.

82
00:07:25,264 --> 00:07:28,400
Dukkansu sun kasance masu
tsayayyen ra'ayin inganta jinsin ɗan adam.

83
00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:34,017
Masu tsarin inganta jinsi sun himmatu wajen sarrafa yawan
jama'a da kuma takura wa abin da ake kira "sassan jama'a

84
00:07:34,017 --> 00:07:38,340
marasa inganci", misali ta hanyar tilastawa yin rashin haihuwa.

85
00:07:38,340 --> 00:07:45,731
Andrew Carnegie ya tara babban dukiya ta masana'antar
ƙarfe kuma ya sami suna tun da wuri a matsayin babban mai

86
00:07:45,731 --> 00:07:50,040
sa-kai ta hanyar gudummawa masu yalwa da kafa cibiyoyi.

87
00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:57,920
Misali, a shekarar 1905 Carnegie ya kafa
Gidauniyar Carnegie don Ci gaban Koyarwa.

88
00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:04,061
Domin aiwatar da shirin Rockefeller, Gidauniyar
Carnegie ta ɗauki masanin ka'idar ilimi Abraham Flexner

89
00:08:04,061 --> 00:08:08,339
domin gudanar da bincike kan ilimin likitanci na Amurka.

90
00:08:08,339 --> 00:08:14,208
Flexner ya wallafa abubuwan da ya gano a shekarar
1910 a cikin abin da aka sani da Rahoton Flexner.

91
00:08:14,208 --> 00:08:19,693
Wannan rahoto ya sa fannin kiwon lafiya kan
hanyar da Rockefeller ya so – tare da sakamako mai

92
00:08:19,693 --> 00:08:23,599
faɗi ga horon ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.

93
00:08:23,599 --> 00:08:25,714
A taƙaice, waɗannan su ne:

94
00:08:25,714 --> 00:08:35,060
Duk makarantun da ba su koyar da ilimin kimiyyar magunguna ba,
wato maganin kimiyya, sun rasa amincewarsu da duk tallafin kuɗi.

95
00:08:35,060 --> 00:08:44,742
Daga cikin makarantun likitanci 155 da suka taba wanzuwa
a Amurka da Kanada, 66 kacal suka rage a shekarar 1935.

96
00:08:44,742 --> 00:08:49,920
Sauran makarantun likitanci sun rasa 'yancinsu.

97
00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:57,724
Tsarin kula da lafiya gaba ɗaya da rigakafin
cututtuka sun ɓace sosai daga koyarwa da horo.

98
00:08:57,724 --> 00:09:01,840
Magunguna na sinadarai an ɗaga su zuwa matsayin kimiyya.

99
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:07,774
Amurkawa sun ƙirƙiri taken talla "ƙwaya ga kowace cuta".

100
00:09:07,774 --> 00:09:12,180
An yi wa magungunan asalin halitta ƙazanta suna.

101
00:09:12,180 --> 00:09:16,196
Bayan shekaru biyu kacal, an maimaita duk abin ga Turai.

102
00:09:16,196 --> 00:09:19,753
– da irin sakamakon ɗaya.

103
00:09:19,753 --> 00:09:24,618
Aiwatar da Rahoton Flexner

104
00:09:24,618 --> 00:09:30,530
Rahoton Flexner an aiwatar da shi ne ta Hukumar
Ilimi Gabaɗaya ta John D. Rockefeller Senior.

105
00:09:30,530 --> 00:09:34,717
GEB gidauniya ce da ya kafa a shekarar 1902.

106
00:09:34,717 --> 00:09:39,960
An raba waɗannan kuɗaɗen ga
kwalejoji, jami'o'i da makarantun likitanci.

107
00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:45,451
An sa ran za su taimaka wajen sake
fasalin bisa ga muradin dangin Rockefeller.

108
00:09:45,451 --> 00:09:48,607
Haka kuma an haɗa: Abraham Flexner.

109
00:09:48,607 --> 00:09:53,808
Ya shiga GEB a matsayin mataimakin sakatare a shekarar 1912.

110
00:09:53,808 --> 00:09:54,964
Flexner:

111
00:09:54,964 --> 00:10:03,780
Tsakanin 1919 da 1928, Hukumar Ilimin Gabaɗaya ta ba da
gudummawa kai tsaye da a kaikaice na dala rabin biliyan ko fiye

112
00:10:03,780 --> 00:10:10,417
ga albarkatu da gudummawar kuɗi na ilimin likitanci na Amurka.

113
00:10:10,417 --> 00:10:18,087
Wannan ya yi daidai da kimar yanzu ta kusan
dala biliyan 9.1 ba gaskiya altruistic ba!

114
00:10:18,087 --> 00:10:26,840
Shekaru ashirin bayan kafa Hukumar Ilimin Gabaɗaya,
John D. Rockefeller Jr. ya kafa Hukumar Ilimi ta Duniya.

115
00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:33,325
Baya ga cibiyoyi, IEB ta kuma tallafa wa
masana kimiyya na kashin kansu a matakin duniya.

116
00:10:33,325 --> 00:10:40,448
Ya ba da daruruwan tallafin karatu da
gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyi a ƙasashe 39 daban-daban.

117
00:10:40,448 --> 00:10:46,780
Gabaɗaya, Rockefeller Jr. ya ba
da fiye da dala miliyan 21 ga IEB.

118
00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:51,640
Wannan ya yi daidai da darajar dala miliyan 376 a yau.

119
00:10:51,640 --> 00:11:01,089
A shekarar 1938, Gidauniyar Rockefeller ta karɓi nauyin alhakin
Kwamitin Ilimi na Duniya kuma ta ci gaba da aiwatar da su.

120
00:11:01,089 --> 00:11:06,134
Ƙarin ginshiƙai da Rockefeller suka kafa

121
00:11:06,134 --> 00:11:12,281
Kamar yadda za a gani, John D. Rockefeller Sr. ya
kasance mai tunani na dabaru wanda bai kawo ilimin

122
00:11:12,281 --> 00:11:15,534
kiwon lafiya cikin zamani ba saboda son zuciya kawai.

123
00:11:15,534 --> 00:11:19,612
Bayan komai, ya zama babban attajirin mai
kuma mafi arziki a duniya a wancan lokacin

124
00:11:19,612 --> 00:11:22,329
ta hanyar ayyukan kasuwanci marasa adalci.

125
00:11:22,329 --> 00:11:26,040
Kullum yana amfani da kudinsa
cikin dabaru don samun riba mafi yawa.

126
00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:36,065
Ta hanyar sake tsara ilimin likitanci da kiwon lafiya, ya
ƙirƙiri babbar kasuwa ga kayayyakin magunguna na sinadarai.

127
00:11:36,065 --> 00:11:39,870
A lokaci guda, ya yi tasiri mai girma a binciken kimiyya.

128
00:11:39,870 --> 00:11:46,056
Don haka, iyalan Rockefeller sun kafa jami'o'i
masu tasiri, asibitin bincike mai matuƙar muhimmanci

129
00:11:46,056 --> 00:11:50,604
da makarantar likitanci ta ƙwararru, da sauransu:

130
00:11:50,604 --> 00:11:58,069
1901, kafuwar Cibiyar Rockefeller ta Binciken Kiwon
Lafiya, wadda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Rockefeller.

131
00:11:58,069 --> 00:12:02,396
wata cibiyar binciken kimiyyar halittu ta masu zaman kansu

132
00:12:02,396 --> 00:12:10,454
1910, kafa Asibitin Jami'ar
Rockefeller, asibitin bincike na farko a Amurka.

133
00:12:10,454 --> 00:12:13,782
Ana gudanar da binciken da masu zaman kansu suka tallafa a can.

134
00:12:13,782 --> 00:12:20,656
Matsalar ita ce cewa waɗannan sau da yawa suna
haifar da sakamako mai dacewa da mai ɗaukar nauyi.

135
00:12:20,656 --> 00:12:27,098
1910, Kafa Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Johns Hopkins Bloomberg.

136
00:12:27,098 --> 00:12:33,413
Za ka iya ƙarin sani game da tasiri da alaƙar
dukan dangin Rockefeller a cikin shirin "The

137
00:12:33,413 --> 00:12:37,610
Rockefeller Dynasty: One Step Ahead of World Events?"

138
00:12:37,610 --> 00:12:48,791
Sai mu duba Rockefeller Jr. da tasirinsa a
ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya ta American Cancer Society.

139
00:12:48,791 --> 00:12:49,865
hudu.

140
00:12:49,865 --> 00:12:55,213
Rockefeller yana ba da kuɗi ga American Cancer Society.

141
00:12:55,213 --> 00:13:01,702
A shekarar 1913, an kafa Kungiyar Amurka don Kula
da Ciwon Sankara, wadda yanzu ake kiranta kawai

142
00:13:01,702 --> 00:13:06,141
Kungiyar Ciwon Sankara ta Amurka, ko ACS a takaice.

143
00:13:06,141 --> 00:13:13,376
Shafin yanar gizo linkedin.com har ma ya jera
Rockefeller Jr. a matsayin wanda ya kafa ACS.

144
00:13:13,376 --> 00:13:20,518
A cewar bayanin da ta bayar da kanta, ita ce ƙungiya ce ta sa kai
ta kiwon lafiya da ke da tushe a cikin al'umma,

145
00:13:20,518 --> 00:13:28,520
wadda ta haɗa yankuna da dama, kuma ta ke da niyyar
kawar da ciwon daji a matsayin babbar matsalar lafiya.

146
00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:34,511
Amma menene gaskiya, duk da kasafin kudi na biliyan fam?

147
00:13:34,511 --> 00:13:37,097
Mu duba ƙididdiga:

148
00:13:37,097 --> 00:13:45,195
A shekarar 1913, mutane 75,000 daga cikin kusan
miliyan 96 na mutanen Amurka sun mutu sakamakon ciwon daji.

149
00:13:45,195 --> 00:13:51,585
Wannan ya haifar da ƙimar mutuwa ta 78 a kowane mutum 100,000.

150
00:13:51,585 --> 00:13:59,029
A yau, kusan Amurkawa 606,000 ke mutuwa
sakamakon ciwon daji a kowace shekara daga cikin

151
00:13:59,029 --> 00:14:04,091
yawan mutane miliyan 338 (a shekarar 2022).

152
00:14:04,091 --> 00:14:10,080
Adadin mutuwa shi ne 179 a kowane 100,000.

153
00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:20,359
Bayan shekaru 110 na aiki da ACS, mun sami ƙaruwa
fiye da ninki biyu na yawan mutuwar sankara a Amurka.

154
00:14:20,359 --> 00:14:26,276
Littafin dalla-dalla mai suna Murder by
Injection na E. Mullins, wanda aka buga a shekarar

155
00:14:26,276 --> 00:14:29,780
1988, ya rubuta sunayen daraktocin banki da ke bayan

156
00:14:29,780 --> 00:14:36,455
Cancer Society da kuma waɗanda kuɗaɗen
yaki da ciwon daji suka koma cikin aljihunsu:

157
00:14:36,455 --> 00:14:43,111
Masu suka sun lura a shekarar 1976 cewa aƙalla
mambobi goma sha takwas na hukumar daraktocin

158
00:14:43,111 --> 00:14:48,867
American Cancer Society manyan jami'an bankuna ne.

159
00:14:48,867 --> 00:14:57,086
(...) Wani kakakin ACS ya amsa cewa kashi 70% na
kasafin bincikensu na shekarar 1976 ya je ga "mutane

160
00:14:57,086 --> 00:15:04,041
ko cibiyoyi" da mambobin hukumar suke da alaƙa da su.

161
00:15:04,041 --> 00:15:04,982
biyar.

162
00:15:04,982 --> 00:15:07,769
Chemotherapy

163
00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:14,553
Da kafuwar Cibiyar Bincike da Asibitin
Rockefeller, iyalan Rockefeller sun sami damar yin

164
00:15:14,553 --> 00:15:17,760
tasiri kai tsaye kan binciken kimiyyar lafiya.

165
00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:24,877
Ta hanyar fassara sakamakon bincike kawai, ana iya
jagorantar bincike zuwa wani takamaiman, abin da ake so.

166
00:15:24,877 --> 00:15:29,040
A yau, chemotherapy ita ce mafi
yawan amfani a matsayin maganin sankara.

167
00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:32,088
Wannan ya fara ne a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

168
00:15:32,088 --> 00:15:37,498
A shekarar 1942, an gudanar da bincike a dakin
gwaje-gwaje na Makarantar Likitanci ta Yale kan tasirin

169
00:15:37,498 --> 00:15:40,720
sinadarin yaki na gas ɗin mustard a kan cututtukan lymphoma.

170
00:15:40,720 --> 00:15:45,720
An fara amfani da gas na mustard a matsayin
gas mai guba a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko.

171
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:51,509
Mafi girman mai kera gas mai guba a duniya shi ne
Frederick Zinsser, ɗan ƙasar Jamus da Amurka,

172
00:15:51,509 --> 00:15:56,264
mahaifin matan Shugaban Bankin Duniya John J. McCloy.

173
00:15:56,264 --> 00:16:01,678
Frederick Zinsser ya koyi yadda ake samar da hayakin guba
a Heidelberg kuma sakamakon haka ya yi arziki a Amurka.

174
00:16:01,678 --> 00:16:06,690
McCloy ya fara kawo masana kimiyya na Nazi na Jamus
masu ƙwarewa a makaman sinadarai da na halittu zuwa

175
00:16:06,690 --> 00:16:10,155
Amurka a matsayinsa na Mataimakin Sakataren Yaƙi na Amurka.

176
00:16:10,155 --> 00:16:15,896
Haka nan ya shafi kwararrun Japan
kan makaman bioloji daga UNIT 731.

177
00:16:15,896 --> 00:16:21,772
McCloy ya isa Jamus a shekarar 1949 da ikon mulkin
danniya kuma ya sa dan uwansa ta aure, Konrad

178
00:16:21,772 --> 00:16:25,900
Adenauer, ya zama Firayim Minista na Tarayya na farko.

179
00:16:25,900 --> 00:16:32,320
A ƙarƙashin Nazi da Adenauer, Heidelberg ta kasance
cibiyar binciken makaman sinadarai da na halittu na Jamus.

180
00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:36,160
Cibiyar Binciken Ciwon Daji ta Jamus (DKFZ) tana a Heidelberg.

181
00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:37,792
Amma mu koma Amurka:

182
00:16:37,792 --> 00:16:48,884
A shekarar 1957, an yi wa mara lafiya na farko da cutar sankara
maganin chemotherapy a Cibiyar Kasa ta Cututtukan Sankara (NCI).

183
00:16:48,884 --> 00:16:54,280
Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, chemotherapy
da ake yi a yau na da mummunan illa.

184
00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:58,532
Wannan ne abin da gidan labaran kasuwanci na Jamus,
Deutsche Wirtschaftsnachrichten, ke ruwaito, kamar haka:

185
00:16:58,532 --> 00:17:03,735
Ana biyan kudi na chemotherapy ta kamfanonin
inshorar lafiya, kuma masana'antar magunguna tana

186
00:17:03,735 --> 00:17:07,442
tallafawa bincike don inganta sayar da chemotherapy.

187
00:17:07,442 --> 00:17:16,269
(…) Sau da yawa, chemotherapy ba ta shafi
majinyaci ba, sai dai yawan kuɗin da za a iya samu.

188
00:17:16,269 --> 00:17:22,092
Chemotherapy na kashe kimanin €10,000 zuwa €20,000 a kowace
magani, wanda kamfanonin inshorar lafiya ke

189
00:17:22,092 --> 00:17:27,772
mayar da kudin daga gudummawar da masu biyan
kuɗi ke ƙara biya ga masana'antun magunguna.

190
00:17:27,772 --> 00:17:32,580
Saboda haka, chemotherapy na samar da
riba mai yawa ga masana'antar magunguna.

191
00:17:32,580 --> 00:17:38,633
A wannan lokaci, ba za a iya musanta cewa
chemotherapy ta samu wasu nasarori a maganin

192
00:17:38,633 --> 00:17:42,240
ciwon daji kuma ta ceci rayukan mutane ba.

193
00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:44,722
Amma a wane farashi ake yin wannan?

194
00:17:44,722 --> 00:17:52,460
Me ya sa ake ci gaba da matse sakamakon
bincike na daban da magungunan daban da ƙarfi?

195
00:17:52,460 --> 00:17:58,647
Mene ne hakkin binciken cutar daji na
hukuma na toshe zaɓuɓɓukan maganin chemotherapy?

196
00:17:58,647 --> 00:18:03,809
Kuma me ya sa ba mu ji komai game da cewa kusan ba a
samun ciwon daji a Malaysia saboda mutanen can suna

197
00:18:03,809 --> 00:18:07,007
cin abin da ake kira 'ya'yan itacen hana ciwon daji?

198
00:18:07,007 --> 00:18:09,653
Ko misali daga maganin Rasha:

199
00:18:09,653 --> 00:18:15,289
Sara Bennet, wacce ke da alaƙa sosai kuma
mawakiya ce, ta ruwaito cewa ga yawancin likitoci a

200
00:18:15,289 --> 00:18:19,032
Rasha, ciwon daji ba shi da nauyi fiye da mura.

201
00:18:19,032 --> 00:18:24,968
Me ya sa ba mu ji komai game da maganin Rasha ba, wanda a
halin yanzu ke samun ci gaba sosai wajen maganin ciwon daji?

202
00:18:24,968 --> 00:18:30,264
Me ya sa waɗancan ƙungiyoyin da ke samun irin waɗannan
munanan sakamako da hanyoyin maganin su ke dagewa kan cewa

203
00:18:30,264 --> 00:18:39,019
Adadin mutuwar sankara ya ninka fiye da sau biyu
bayan shekaru 110, duk zaɓuɓɓuka an kulle su da makulli?

204
00:18:39,019 --> 00:18:40,047
Shida.

205
00:18:40,047 --> 00:18:44,698
Manyan kamfanonin magunguna: Ana cire maski

206
00:18:44,698 --> 00:18:51,272
Shin kun san cewa a watan Nuwamba 2023, an gabatar
da wani kudurin doka a Faransa "don karfafa yaki da

207
00:18:51,272 --> 00:18:57,868
"ci gaban bangaranci mai haɗari"
kuma yanzu yana gab da zama doka?

208
00:18:57,868 --> 00:19:04,384
Da kallo na farko, wannan yana nuna yadda kamfanonin magunguna
manya suke dagewa wajen kiyaye iko a kan kasuwar magunguna.

209
00:19:04,384 --> 00:19:07,082
Rubutun dokar ya ce kamar haka:

210
00:19:07,082 --> 00:19:19,964
Buƙatar watsi da ko nisantar maganin jiyya ko rigakafi ana hukunta
ta da zaman gidan yari na shekara guda da tara ta €15,000.

211
00:19:19,964 --> 00:19:26,375
(…) Za a yi amfani da irin waɗannan hukunci ga
ƙarfafa aikata ayyukan da ake gabatarwa a matsayin

212
00:19:26,375 --> 00:19:29,984
magani ko rigakafi ga mutanen da abin ya shafa.

213
00:19:29,984 --> 00:19:36,791
ko da yake a fili yake, bisa ga ilimin
likitanci na yanzu, cewa waɗannan ayyuka suna

214
00:19:36,791 --> 00:19:41,005
fallasa su ga haɗarin mutuwa ko rauni nan take,

215
00:19:41,005 --> 00:19:45,700
wanda zai iya haifar da nakasa ta dindindin ko nakasa.

216
00:19:45,700 --> 00:19:53,576
Idan an aiwatar da tayar da hankali da aka ambata a
cikin sakin layi na biyu na farko, za a ƙara hukuncin

217
00:19:53,576 --> 00:19:59,843
zaman gidan yari zuwa shekaru uku da tara ta euro 45,000.

218
00:19:59,843 --> 00:20:04,289
An yi hujjar sabon doka da wadannan kalmomi:

219
00:20:04,289 --> 00:20:10,614
Idan aka yi la'akari da yadda jama'a ke sha'awar
hanyoyin warkarwa da ba a tabbatar da ingancinsu ta kimiyya ba,

220
00:20:10,614 --> 00:20:16,678
binciken jin daɗi da ci gaban kai da kuma
saboda ƙaruwa a cikin kwasa-kwasan horo,

221
00:20:16,678 --> 00:20:19,397
wadanda ba sa ba da takardun shaida da jiha ta amince da su,

222
00:20:19,397 --> 00:20:27,421
Ana iya cin zarafin marasa lafiya ko a yi
musu cin zarafin magani, musamman ma na addini.

223
00:20:27,421 --> 00:20:31,260
Jaridar Faransa L'Express ta ƙara da cewa:

224
00:20:31,260 --> 00:20:36,323
Wannan ya isa don amsa ga lokuta da dama inda mutane,

225
00:20:36,323 --> 00:20:45,268
wadanda ke nuni ga makirci da kuma nau'ikan magungunan
madadin daban-daban, kamar watsi da maganin ciwon daji, misali.

226
00:20:45,268 --> 00:20:49,842
Takardar bayani ta fayyace hakikanin
manufofin majalisar dokokin Faransa:

227
00:20:49,842 --> 00:20:55,480
An tsara dokar ne domin tabbatar da cewa gagarumin
masana'antar magunguna za ta iya ƙara faɗaɗa ikonta.

228
00:20:55,480 --> 00:21:01,473
Kowa da ya ba da wata magani daban da ba a
tabbatar da ita ta kimiyya ba ko da ba ta dace da matsayin

229
00:21:01,473 --> 00:21:05,120
ilimin likitanci ba, ya kamata a hana shi magana.

230
00:21:05,120 --> 00:21:08,288
Mun riga mun saba da wannan hanyar tun daga Rahoton Flexner.

231
00:21:08,288 --> 00:21:13,288
Tambaya: Me yasa manyan kamfanonin magunguna ke
son tsara, kuma idan ya zama dole har ma su

232
00:21:13,288 --> 00:21:16,417
karya yancin mutane, domin "kula da walwalinsu"?

233
00:21:16,417 --> 00:21:23,757
Shin zai yiwu ya zama akasin 'taimako da lafiya' ga kowa?

234
00:21:23,757 --> 00:21:25,046
Bakwai.

235
00:21:25,046 --> 00:21:29,597
Binciken makaman halitta a ƙarƙashin ƙarya

236
00:21:29,597 --> 00:21:35,582
A cikin wata hira, likita kuma jami'i Heiko
Schöning ya bayyana wani abu mai matuƙar ban sha'awa:

237
00:21:35,582 --> 00:21:40,462
Ya danganta binciken sankara kai
tsaye da binciken makaman halitta.

238
00:21:40,462 --> 00:21:43,756
Yanzu kalli gajerun ɓangarori daga shirin.

239
00:21:43,756 --> 00:21:47,440
Amma yanzu muna cikin zamanin makaman halitta.

240
00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:50,196
Wannan ci gaban fasaha yana yiwuwa.

241
00:21:50,196 --> 00:21:58,486
Kuma idan muka koma can, za mu ga cewa eh, a
shekarar 1972 an kafa haramcin hukuma kan makaman halitta.

242
00:21:58,486 --> 00:22:03,435
Ba a yarda a yi amfani da su, a
kera su ko a ajiye su ba, kwata-kwata.

243
00:22:03,435 --> 00:22:08,080
Abin sha'awa, wannan maganar ta fito ne
daga bakin Shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon.

244
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:17,308
Abin da aka tabbatar kawai shi ne cewa Richard Nixon shine mafi
kwararren mai yaudara a cikin mafia na laifukan tsari na duniya.

245
00:22:17,308 --> 00:22:20,800
Laƙabin sa na hukuma shi ma Tricky Dick ne.

246
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:27,320
Eh, kuma Nixon a zahiri kawai ya ɓoye ya sake sanya
wa binciken makaman kwayoyin halitta a Amurka suna.

247
00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:31,842
Daya daga cikin manyan wurare shi ne Fort Detrick a Amurka.

248
00:22:31,842 --> 00:22:37,522
Kuma me ya faru da duk waɗancan masu bincike kan
makaman halitta da wuraren aiki da gine-ginen su?

249
00:22:37,522 --> 00:22:39,877
An canza sunayensu kwanan nan. Akwai sabon alama.

250
00:22:39,877 --> 00:22:48,086
Sai alamar ta rubuta NCI – Cibiyar Kasa ta Yaki da Ciwon Sankara.

251
00:22:48,086 --> 00:22:50,065
Dole ne ka fahimci hakan sosai.

252
00:22:50,065 --> 00:22:54,026
Masu binciken da gine-ginen da suka kasance a
wurin sun ci gaba da kasancewa a wurin, kuma yanzu an

253
00:22:54,026 --> 00:22:56,046
ayyana shi a hukumance a matsayin binciken sankara.

254
00:22:56,046 --> 00:22:57,692
Tsayawa ta ɗan gajeren lokaci:

255
00:22:57,692 --> 00:23:05,862
Daidai a lokacin da aka kakaba haramcin binciken makaman
halitta, gwamnatin Amurka ta amince da Dokar Kansar ta Kasa.

256
00:23:05,862 --> 00:23:12,940
Shugaba Nixon ya yi alkawarin dala biliyan
bakwai don yaki da ciwon daji nan da shekarar 1976.

257
00:23:12,940 --> 00:23:18,540
Hukumar Kasa ta Yaki da Ciwon Sankara (NCI) ta zama, a lokaci
guda, mafi girma kuma mafi tasiri daga cikin

258
00:23:18,540 --> 00:23:23,774
dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Amurka – ko,
a maimakon haka, "cibiyoyin makaman bioloji".

259
00:23:23,774 --> 00:23:25,363
Schöning ya ci gaba:

260
00:23:25,363 --> 00:23:27,994
Menene makaman halitta?

261
00:23:27,994 --> 00:23:29,879
Waɗannan su ne gubobi na ƙwayoyin halitta.

262
00:23:29,879 --> 00:23:32,613
Menene magungunan cutar daji?

263
00:23:32,613 --> 00:23:34,060
Gubobi masu halaka ƙwayoyin

264
00:23:34,060 --> 00:23:39,420
Kuma menene bambanci tsakanin gwajin
makaman halitta da binciken sankara?

265
00:23:39,420 --> 00:23:42,833
Rubuce-rubucen daban-daban.

266
00:23:42,833 --> 00:23:47,123
Kuma daidai haka ne abin da Nixon ya yi.

267
00:23:47,123 --> 00:23:54,112
Sun canza alamar Fort Detrick kawai daga "Binciken
Makaman Halitta" zuwa " Cibiyar Binciken Kansa ta Kasa."

268
00:23:54,112 --> 00:23:56,910
Masu kallo, abu ɗaya dole ne ya kasance a bayyane a gare mu:

269
00:23:56,910 --> 00:24:00,885
Gumakan halitta gabaɗaya ana ƙera su ne
don kashe mutane ba tare da bayyana ba!

270
00:24:00,885 --> 00:24:07,762
Me za mu iya tsammani daga cibiyoyin makaman halitta –
a'afiya, cibiyoyin binciken sankara – nan ba da jimawa ba?

271
00:24:07,762 --> 00:24:09,362
Schöning ya ci gaba:

272
00:24:09,362 --> 00:24:15,409
Kuma ɗaya daga cikin boyayyun dalilai, misali, shi ne cewa
waɗannan masu binciken makaman halitta kwatsam suka shafe

273
00:24:15,409 --> 00:24:19,110
shekaru da dama suna bincike kan allurar rigakafin ciwon daji.

274
00:24:19,110 --> 00:24:21,701
An sake mantawa da hakan yanzu.

275
00:24:21,701 --> 00:24:30,847
Kuma dangane da wannan, muna jin a yau cewa ana sayar
mana da alluran rigakafin mRNA, waɗanda a zahiri

276
00:24:30,847 --> 00:24:36,454
magungunan kwayoyin halitta na gwaji ne don ciwon daji.

277
00:24:36,454 --> 00:24:42,538
Ga shi nan, bayan masifar da aka samu da alluran rigakafin
Covid na mRNA da ake kira haka, yanzu kuma za a fara tallata

278
00:24:42,538 --> 00:24:46,129
alluran rigakafin cutar daji na mRNA ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.

279
00:24:46,129 --> 00:24:52,998
Ba a ɗauki mataki ba kan laifukan allurar rigakafin Covid da
ke da mummunan tasiri, kamar haɓakar cutar sankara mai sauri.

280
00:24:52,998 --> 00:24:58,148
A cikin shirin sa mai taken "Fashewar sankarar turbo bayan
allurar rigakafin coronavirus", Kla.TV ta

281
00:24:58,148 --> 00:25:04,140
bayyana alaƙar dake tsakanin allurar rigakafin mRNA
da ƙwayoyin sankara masu girma cikin sauri sosai.

282
00:25:04,140 --> 00:25:07,851
Kuma yanzu sabbin alluran rigakafin mRNA suna samuwa.

283
00:25:07,851 --> 00:25:15,595
Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa amincewar mutane da maganin
da kamfanonin kera magunguna ke samarwa ke raguwa cikin sauri!

284
00:25:15,595 --> 00:25:17,772
Ƙarshe:

285
00:25:19,712 --> 00:25:21,066
ɗaya.

286
00:25:21,066 --> 00:25:26,664
Mutane marasa kunya masu son kudi da iko kamar
Rockefeller & Co. sun gina tubalan masana'antar

287
00:25:26,664 --> 00:25:30,312
magunguna ta zamani da tsarin kiwon lafiyarmu.

288
00:25:30,312 --> 00:25:31,535
biyu.

289
00:25:31,535 --> 00:25:38,540
Tun daga farko, sun yi niyyar samun
cikakken iko kan horo na likitanci da kimiyya.

290
00:25:38,540 --> 00:25:40,102
uku.

291
00:25:40,102 --> 00:25:47,665
Tun daga farko, an yi matuƙar adawa da binciken
masu zaman kansu, ko da yake yana nuna alamar alheri.

292
00:25:47,665 --> 00:25:49,180
hudu.

293
00:25:49,180 --> 00:25:55,250
Hoton "mai taimako" na gidauniyoyi da cibiyoyin
da 'yan matuka arziki ke gudanarwa yana boye

294
00:25:55,250 --> 00:25:59,884
niyyoyinsu na gaskiya: wato faɗaɗa iko da sarrafawa.

295
00:25:59,884 --> 00:26:00,974
biyar.

296
00:26:00,974 --> 00:26:06,576
Duk da manyan zuba jari, yawan
mutuwar sankara na ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

297
00:26:06,576 --> 00:26:08,325
Shida.

298
00:26:08,325 --> 00:26:13,746
Akwai hujja cewa ana amfani da binciken sankara mai manyan
kasafin kudi wajen gudanar da bincike kan makaman halitta.

299
00:26:13,746 --> 00:26:18,900
Makaman halitta yawanci ana ƙera su ne
don kashe mutane a ɓoye kuma a babban ƙima!

300
00:26:18,900 --> 00:26:20,671
Bakwai.

301
00:26:20,671 --> 00:26:25,463
A yau, muna cikin wani yanayi inda ake barazana
ga 'yan ƙasa da mulkin danniya na lafiya da

302
00:26:25,463 --> 00:26:29,589
matakan tilastawa na kiwon lafiya masu matuƙar haɗari.

303
00:26:29,589 --> 00:26:37,700
Masana'antar magunguna, wadda iyalan Rockefeller na
wannan duniya ke sarrafawa, tana zama ainihin sankara.

304
00:26:37,700 --> 00:26:43,225
Muna tambayar kanmu: Shin bayanan hukuma
kan binciken sankara na iya zama gaskiya?

305
00:26:43,225 --> 00:26:49,790
Lokacin da aka zuba manyan kuɗaɗe a ciki tsawon
kusan shekaru ɗari amma aka samu ƙaramin nasara?

306
00:26:49,790 --> 00:26:56,384
Nasarorin warkewa suna bayyana ƙanana sosai idan aka kwatanta, har
suna da isasshen ƙarfi ne kawai don ci gaba da rayar da bege.

307
00:26:56,384 --> 00:27:00,792
Rahotannin da ba su gushe na fatan samun nasara kan
ciwon daji suna tabbatar da cewa gagarumin kudaden da ake

308
00:27:00,792 --> 00:27:04,200
samu don bincike mai cike da shakku ba su taɓa ƙarewa ba.

309
00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:10,598
Wata ƙungiyar masana'antar magunguna mai ƙara tsanani da
mulkin kama-karya tana tabbatar da cewa ita ce ainihin sankara.

310
00:27:10,598 --> 00:27:12,860
Yanzu lokaci ne na gano gaskiya

311
00:27:12,860 --> 00:27:16,334
Gano dalilai da abubuwan da ke haifar da ci
gaba da ƙaruwa a yawan kamuwa da sankara.

312
00:27:16,334 --> 00:27:22,440
Masu cin gajiyar guba a cikin abinci, iska, ƙasa,
ruwa da kayayyakin magani dole ne a bincika su.

313
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:29,479
Dole ne a dakatar da duk wani nau'in mulkin wariya na WHO
da kamfanonin magunguna ke sarrafawa da kuma mabiyanta!

314
00:27:49,060 --> 00:27:58,740