WEBVTT 00:00.429 --> 00:05.718 Ha ho na lefu le leng le nang le tšusumetso e tebileng joalo ka ea kankere sechabeng sa rona. 00:05.718 --> 00:09.422 Ruri motho e mong le e mong o tseba motho e mong sehlopheng sa hae sa haufi-ufi ea kileng a ba le 00:09.422 --> 00:12.286 mofetše kapa esita le ea hlokahetseng ka lebaka la oona. 00:12.286 --> 00:16.503 Ka selemo sa 2018 feela, pele ho sewa sa coronavirus, ho bile le batho ba bašwa ba dimilione tse 18 00:16.503 --> 00:18.980 ba fumanweng ba na le kankere lefatsheng ka bophara. 00:18.980 --> 00:23.958 Naheng ea Jeremane, kankere e bile sesosa sa bobeli se ka sehloohong sa mafu ka 2022. 00:23.958 --> 00:31.767 Dipalopalo tsa dilemo tse 10 tse fetileng di bontsha keketseho ya sekgahla sa mafu a kankere, ka keketseho ya 1.5 lekholong. 00:31.767 --> 00:36.493 Ka 2019, koranta ea Südkurier e ile ea phatlalatsa sehlooho se reng: "Li-euro tse libilione tse 120 bakeng sa 00:36.493 --> 00:41.081 lipatlisiso: Lebaka leo ka lona EU e phatlalatsang ntoa khahlanong le mofetše hona joale." 00:41.081 --> 00:49.917 Ka lebaka leo, tšebeliso ea lichelete bakeng sa lipatlisiso e tla eketsoa ka libilione tse ling tse £120 pakeng tsa 2021 le 2027. 00:49.917 --> 00:53.570 Ho 'nile ha tšeloa chelete e ngata haholo liphuputsong tsa mofetše kamehla. 00:53.570 --> 00:58.937 Empa ke hobaneng ha ho fihlela jwale ho eso be le kgatelopele e kgolo ntweng kgahlanong le kankere? 00:58.937 --> 01:05.714 Ha re qale ka ho sheba ka bokgutshwane nalane ya dipatlisiso tsa kankere tse fetang dilemo tse 100 tse fetileng. 01:05.714 --> 01:06.574 Pele. 01:06.574 --> 01:09.787 Nalane ea liphuputso tsa mofetše 01:09.787 --> 01:15.779 Hoo e ka bang ka 1900, ho ile ha sibolloa likokoana-hloko tse ngata le ho feta tse bakang mafu a fapaneng a tšoaetsanoang. 01:15.779 --> 01:19.960 Tabeng ea mofetše, le bona bafuputsi qalong ba ile ba batla ho fumana kokwanahloko. 01:19.960 --> 01:26.525 Diphuputso tsa Baprofesa Robert Koch le M. Newjadomskij di ne di na le temohisiso e kgolo. 01:26.525 --> 01:32.200 Bobedi ba ile ba sibolla ka boikemelo hore disele tsa tumoro ya kankere di fapane le dithishu tse tlwaelehileng. 01:32.200 --> 01:37.027 Li bontša mekhoa eo ho tsejoang hore ha e etsahale liseleng tse tloaelehileng tsa 'mele. 01:37.027 --> 01:42.474 Ka mohlala, li bontša kholo e bonahalang e se na moeli, li tsamaea "joaloka li-amoeba" 'me li etsa metso e 01:42.474 --> 01:46.091 meng likarolong tse fapaneng ka ho feletseng tsa 'mele. 01:46.091 --> 01:51.018 Ka hona, Koch le Newjadomskij ba ile ba fihlela qeto ea hore mofetše o bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse 01:51.018 --> 01:54.560 nyenyane haholo, ke hore, likokoana-hloko tse bakang mafu. 01:54.560 --> 01:59.338 Leha ho le jwalo, bafuputsi ba bang ba hlalositse kgolo ya kankere e hlaha ka lebaka le 'sa 01:59.338 --> 02:03.162 pheleng', mohlala, ka tsusumetso e amang disele tsa mmele. 02:03.162 --> 02:09.365 Ho ya ka sena, sele ya mofets'e ke sele e fetohileng, ke hore e senyehileng, e hlahisitsweng ke mmele ka boyona. 02:09.365 --> 02:13.701 Kamorao ho ngangisano e matla, kgopolo ya sele e senyehileng e ile ya atleha. 02:13.701 --> 02:17.792 Kalafo ea mofetše ea kajeno e thehiloe holim'a "ho senyeha hona". 02:17.792 --> 02:24.151 Patlo ea kokwanahloko e ile ea emisoa ka molao. Liphuputso tse ling tsa bofuputsi ha li sa hlokahala. 02:24.151 --> 02:29.201 Ho fihlela ha jwale, dipatlisiso tsa semmuso tsa kankere di atlehile ho iphapanyetsa diphumano tsa dipatlisiso 02:29.201 --> 02:32.423 "tse ding" kapa ho lwantsha bafuputsi ba sa rateheng. 02:32.423 --> 02:41.102 Ka hona, mona ke kakaretso e khutšoanyane ea liphuputso tseo mohlomong o e-s'o ka o utloa ka tsona. 02:41.102 --> 02:42.051 Bobedi. 02:42.051 --> 02:46.645 Liphetho tse ling tsa liphuputso 02:46.645 --> 02:48.832 Ngaka Alfons Weber 02:48.832 --> 02:53.800 Ka 1967, setsebi sa mofetše sa Mojeremane le mofuputsi oa lisele, Dr Alfons Weber, o 02:53.800 --> 02:57.354 phatlalalitse liphetho tsa liphuputso tsa hae. 02:57.354 --> 03:03.260 Ho latela sena, o ka fumana likokoana-hloko tse phelang ka hare ho lisele tse ling 'meleng mofuteng ofe kapa ofe oa lihlahala. 03:03.260 --> 03:08.427 Dr Alfons Weber o ne a kgodisehile hore ha ho le e nngwe ya diphekolo tsa kankere tse 03:08.427 --> 03:11.880 dumeletsweng ka molao e neng e tla thusa. 03:11.880 --> 03:18.370 Sele ea tishu e hlaseloa sebakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse bakang mofetše. 03:18.370 --> 03:22.820 Bopaki ba hae ba lipatlisiso bo ile ba hlokomolohuoa haholo. 03:22.820 --> 03:31.839 Ke "lintho tsa khale, maputsoa a metsi kapa meaho ea maiketsetso" kapa esita le "lipono tsa sephiri sa kelello". 03:31.839 --> 03:37.951 Mokhoa oa hae o atlehileng oa ho phekola mofetše ka meriana ea malaria o ile oa baka lilemo tsa lits'ebetso tsa 03:37.951 --> 03:41.614 lekhotla le ho hlakoloa ha laesense ea hae ea bongaka. 03:41.614 --> 03:51.342 Ka 1972, o ile a kenngwa sepetleleng sa mafu a kelello, leha a ne a se na bokudi ba kelello bo netefaditsweng. 03:51.342 --> 03:55.225 Ngaka Helmut Keller, Jeremane 03:55.225 --> 03:59.947 Ho tloha ka 1972 ho ea pele, Keller o ile a phekola lihlahala tse itseng ka katleho e kholo 03:59.947 --> 04:03.689 ka motsoako o tsoang ho semela sa Venus flytrap. 04:03.689 --> 04:12.372 Sehlahisoa sa hae "Carnivora" se fumane tumello ea nakoana Jeremane mme se ile sa ratoa haholo ke bakuli. 04:12.372 --> 04:16.080 Leqeba letlalong la indasteri ea meriana. 04:16.080 --> 04:23.922 Ka lebaka leo, Ofisi ea Bophelo bo Botle ea Federale e ile ea qobelleha ho thibela sethethefatsi se secha hape ka 1986. 04:23.922 --> 04:33.374 Hobane Ngaka Keller a ile a tswela pele ho phekola bakudi ba hae ka Carnivora, o ile a lefiswa dimaka tse 10,000 tsa Jeremane. 04:33.374 --> 04:35.665 Tamara Lebedeva 04:35.665 --> 04:43.028 Ka 1989, setsebi sa khemistri le sa mafu a likokoana-hloko sa LeRussia se ile sa supa mookotaba 04:43.028 --> 04:47.326 oa khale, Trichomonas, e le sesosa sa mofetše. 04:47.326 --> 04:51.164 Ho ya ka boiphihlelo ba hao, mahlong a se nang boitsebelo a ngaka ya mofetše, 04:51.164 --> 04:54.214 di-flagellate di ka bonahala e le disele tsa mofetše. 04:54.214 --> 04:57.230 Li-Trichomonas ke "bo-'mampoli ba thetso". 04:57.230 --> 05:02.780 Ka mohlala, li ne li ka iphetola ho tloha sebopehong sa tsona se selelele se nang le likhoele le li-flagella 05:02.780 --> 05:07.700 ho ba sebopeho se sephara sa amoeba se neng se tla tšoana haholo le lisele tsa batho. 05:07.700 --> 05:13.612 Ka sebopeho sa bona sa amoeba, ba etsa likolone 'me ba ikoahela ka sekoahelo se hlokahalang. 05:13.612 --> 05:20.571 Lebedeva o ile a lemoha trichomoniasis e le mohato oa pele oa mofetše. 05:20.571 --> 05:27.534 Maiteko a bona a ho hohela tlhokomelo ea sechaba liphethong tsena tsa lipatlisiso a ile a hloleha. 05:27.534 --> 05:34.139 Lebedeva: "Lengolo le leng le le leng, potso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho Lekala la Bophelo kapa mekhatlong e meng 05:34.139 --> 05:40.193 ea litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle e romelloa hape Setsing sa Naha sa Oncology se Moscow." 05:40.193 --> 05:44.476 mme ho tloha moo ho hlaha karabo e ahlolang nako le nako ya hore phumano ha e le bohlokwa 05:44.476 --> 05:48.832 bo lekanang le boikitlaetso ba ho e batlisisa. 05:48.832 --> 05:55.644 Bamameli ba ratehang: Diphetho tsa dipatlisiso tse hlahisitsweng mona di emetse tse ding tse ngata. 05:55.644 --> 05:58.420 Hobaneng di patetswe setjhaba? 05:58.420 --> 06:02.766 Ke mang ea nang le thahasello ea ho hatella, ho senya lebitso, esita le ho etsa hore 06:02.766 --> 06:06.156 lipatlisiso tse ling tsa mofetše e be tlolo ea molao? 06:06.156 --> 06:10.499 Ka tlase, re bontša kamoo lihlopha tse itseng tsa lichelete tse phahameng li hapileng tsamaiso 06:10.499 --> 06:13.952 ea bophelo bo botle bakeng sa merero ea tsona. 06:13.952 --> 06:14.966 Tharo. 06:14.966 --> 06:20.352 Phetolo ea tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle 06:20.352 --> 06:25.037 Ha re reteleheleng lelapeng le ileng la kena nalaneng e le "bafani ba baholo ba molemo", 06:25.037 --> 06:27.830 ba tsejwang hape e le barui ba pelo e ntle: 06:27.830 --> 06:30.909 Lelapa la Maamerika la Rockefeller. 06:30.909 --> 06:38.356 Hoo e ka bang ka 1880, Rockefeller Sr. o ne a laola 90% ea 'maraka oohle oa oli oa US. 06:38.356 --> 06:42.305 Hoo e ka bang ka 1900, borasaense ba ile ba sibolla "petrochemistry", ke hore, tlhahiso ea 06:42.305 --> 06:45.059 lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa oli e sa hloekisoang. 06:45.059 --> 06:48.505 Ba ile ba qala ho hlahisa metsoako e sebetsang e tsoang limeleng ka mokhoa oa maiketsetso. 06:48.505 --> 06:52.350 Tsena li ka fuoa tokelo ea molao 'me tsa rekisoa ka phaello e kholo. 06:52.350 --> 06:57.956 Morero oa Rockefeller e ne e le ho theha 'maraka bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa meriana tsa lik'hemik'hale. 06:57.956 --> 07:03.409 Leha ho le jwalo, kgetho ya Maamerika ya meriana ya tlhaho le ya ditlama e ile ya mo sitisa. 07:03.409 --> 07:10.140 Hoo e ka bang halofo ea lingaka le likolo tsa bongaka United States le tsona li ne li sebelisa meriana e akaretsang. 07:10.140 --> 07:16.081 Rockefeller Sr. o atlehile joang ho hapa lefapha la bongaka? 07:16.081 --> 07:18.997 Tlaleho ea Flexner 07:20.542 --> 07:25.264 Molekane oa Rockefeller litumellanong tsa khoebo tse nang le phaello e kholo e ne e lula e le Andrew Carnegie. 07:25.264 --> 07:28.400 Bobedi e ne e le batšehetsi ba matla ba eugenics. 07:28.400 --> 07:34.000 Batšehetsi ba eugenics ba ikemiselitse taolo ea palo ea batho le ho thibela seo ho thoeng ke "likarolo tse 07:34.000 --> 07:38.340 tlase tsa sechaba", mohlala, ka ho nts'etsapele ka likhoka. 07:38.340 --> 07:45.353 Andrew Carnegie o ile a bokella leruo le leholo ka indasteri ea tšepe mme a itlhomphuella kapele e le "mofani e 07:45.353 --> 07:50.040 moholo" ka menehelo ea hae e meholohali le ka ho theha mekhatlo. 07:50.040 --> 07:57.920 Ka mohlala, ka 1905 Carnegie o thehile Motheo wa Carnegie bakeng sa Ntshetsopele ya Thuto. 07:57.920 --> 08:04.316 E le hore morero oa Rockefeller o phethahale, Motheo oa Carnegie o ile oa khetha setsebi sa likhopolo tsa thuto, Abraham 08:04.316 --> 08:08.339 Flexner, hore a etse phuputso ka thuto ea bongaka Amerika. 08:08.339 --> 08:14.208 Flexner o phatlalalitse diphuputso tsa hae ka 1910 ho seo se ileng sa tsejwa e le Tlaleho ya Flexner. 08:14.208 --> 08:19.632 Tlaleho ena e ile ea beha lefapha la bongaka tseleng eo Rockefeller a neng a e batla – ka litlamorao tse 08:19.632 --> 08:23.599 pharaletseng bakeng sa koetliso ea litsebi tsa bongaka. 08:23.599 --> 08:25.714 Ka bokgutshwane, tsena e ne e le: 08:25.714 --> 08:30.960 Dikolo tsohle tse neng di sa rutele ho ya ka "khemistri ya meriana", ke hore, "phekolo ya saense", di ile tsa 08:30.960 --> 08:35.060 amohuwa tumello ya tsona le tshehetso yohle ya ditjhelete. 08:35.060 --> 08:40.906 Ho li-sekolo tse 155 tsa bongaka tse neng li le teng mehleng e fetileng United States le 08:40.906 --> 08:44.742 Canada, ho ile ha sala tse 66 feela ka 1935. 08:44.742 --> 08:49.920 Dikolo tsa bongaka tse setseng di ile tsa lahlehelwa ke boipuso ba tsona. 08:49.920 --> 08:57.724 Mokhoa o akaretsang oa bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea thibelo ea mafu o ile oa batla o nyamela thutong le koetlisong. 08:57.724 --> 09:01.840 Meriana e thehiloeng lik'hemik'hale e phahamisitsoe boemong ba saense. 09:01.840 --> 09:07.774 Maamerika a ne a susumelitsoe ke lepetjo le reng "pili e le 'ngoe bakeng sa bokulo bo bong le bo bong". 09:07.774 --> 09:12.180 Meriana ea tlhaho e senotsoe lebitso. 09:12.180 --> 09:16.196 Kamora dilemo tse pedi feela, taba yohle e ile ya phetwa bakeng sa Yuropa. 09:16.196 --> 09:19.753 – ka ditlamorao tse tshwanang. 09:19.753 --> 09:24.618 Phethahatso ea Tlaleho ea Flexner 09:24.618 --> 09:30.530 Tlaleho ea Flexner e ile ea phethahatsoa ke Boto ea Thuto e Akaretsang ea John D. Rockefeller Senior. 09:30.530 --> 09:34.717 GEB ke motheo oo a o thehileng ka 1902. 09:34.717 --> 09:39.960 Lichelete tsena li ile tsa abeloa likholetjhe, liunivesithi le likolo tsa bongaka. 09:39.960 --> 09:45.451 Ba ne ba lokela ho thusa ka "tokiso ea sebopeho" ho latela litakatso tsa lelapa la ha Rockefeller. 09:45.451 --> 09:48.607 Le eena o kentse letsoho: Abraham Flexner. 09:48.607 --> 09:53.808 O ile a kena ho GEB e le motlatsi oa mongoli ka 1912. 09:53.808 --> 09:54.964 Flexner: 09:54.964 --> 10:01.949 Pakeng tsa 1919 le 1928, Boto e Akaretsang ea Thuto e kentse letsoho ka kotloloho le ka tsela e sa tobang ka halofo 10:01.949 --> 10:10.417 ea bilione ea lidolara kapa ho feta lisebelisoeng le limpho tsa lichelete tsa thuto ea bongaka ea Amerika. 10:10.417 --> 10:18.087 Seo se lekana le boleng ba ha jwale ba lidolara tse dibilione tse 9.1, tseo e seng tsa boitelo ka botlalo! 10:18.087 --> 10:23.222 Lilemo tse mashome a mabeli ka mor'a hore Boto ea Thuto e Akaretsang e theoa, John D. 10:23.222 --> 10:26.840 Rockefeller Jr. o thehile Boto ea Thuto ea Machaba. 10:26.840 --> 10:33.325 Ntle le mekhatlo, IEB e boetse e tšehelitse bo-ramahlale ka bomong boemong ba machaba. 10:33.325 --> 10:40.448 E abile makala a makgolo a dithuso tsa dithuto le dithuso tsa ditjhelete ho mekgatlo dinaheng tse 39 tse fapaneng. 10:40.448 --> 10:46.780 Ka kakaretso, Rockefeller Jr. o kentse letsoho ka chelete e fetang $21 milione ho IEB. 10:46.780 --> 10:51.640 Seo se lekana le boleng ba lidolara tse limilione tse 376 kajeno. 10:51.640 --> 11:01.089 Ka 1938, Motheo oa Rockefeller o ile oa nka boikarabello ba Boto ea Thuto ea Machaba mme oa tsoela pele ho e phetha. 11:01.089 --> 11:06.134 Metheo e meng e thehiloeng ke ba ha Rockefeller 11:06.134 --> 11:12.163 Jwalokaha o bona, John D. Rockefeller Sr. e ne e le monna ya nahanang ka maano ya sa kang a "tlisa thuto ya 11:12.163 --> 11:15.534 bongaka mehleng ya sejwalejwale" ka sepheo se itshepo feela. 11:15.534 --> 11:19.660 Etsoe, o ne a fetohile morui e moholo oa oli le monna ea ruileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng 11:19.660 --> 11:22.329 ka nako eo ka mekhoa ea khoebo e sa lokang. 11:22.329 --> 11:26.040 O ne a dula a sebedisa tjhelete ya hae ka bohlale ho eketsa phaello haholo. 11:26.040 --> 11:32.066 Ka ho hlophisa bocha thuto ea bongaka le tlhokomelo ea bophelo, o ile a theha 'maraka o moholo 11:32.066 --> 11:36.065 bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa bongaka tsa lik'hemik'hale. 11:36.065 --> 11:39.870 Ka nako e tšoanang, o bile le tšusumetso e kholo liphuputsong tsa saense. 11:39.870 --> 11:45.876 Ka lebaka lena, ba ha Rockefeller ba thehile, hara tse ling, diyunivesithi tse nang le tshusumetso e kgolo, sepetlele sa 11:45.876 --> 11:50.604 dipatlisiso sa bohlokwa haholo le sekolo se phahameng sa bongaka: 11:50.604 --> 11:58.069 1901, ho thehwa ha Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, eo hona jwale e leng Rockefeller University. 11:58.069 --> 12:02.396 Setsi sa phuputso ea bongaka sa poraefete. 12:02.396 --> 12:10.454 1910, Ho thehwa ha Sepetlele sa Univesithi ya Rockefeller, sepetlele sa pele sa dipatlisiso naheng ya United States. 12:10.454 --> 12:13.782 Liphuputso tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa poraefete lia etsoa moo. 12:13.782 --> 12:20.656 Bothata ke hore hangata tsena li lebisa sephethong se loketseng motšehetsi. 12:20.656 --> 12:27.098 1910, Ho thehwa ha Sekolo sa Johns Hopkins Bloomberg sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Setjhaba. 12:27.098 --> 12:33.564 U ka fumana lintlha tse ling mabapi le tšusumetso le likamano tsa lelapa lohle la ha Rockefeller lenaneong 12:33.564 --> 12:37.610 "The Rockefeller Dynasty: One Step Ahead of World Events?" 12:37.610 --> 12:42.975 Ka mor'a moo, re shebisisa ka ho teba Rockefeller Jr. le tšusumetso ea hae 12:42.975 --> 12:48.791 mokhatlong oa bophelo oa American Cancer Society. 12:48.791 --> 12:49.865 4. 12:49.865 --> 12:55.213 Rockefeller o tshehetsa Mokgatlo wa Amerika wa Kankere ka ditjhelete. 12:55.213 --> 13:01.356 Ka 1913, Mokgatlo wa Amerika wa Taolo ya Kankere o ile wa thehwa, o tsejwang hona jwale feela e le 13:01.356 --> 13:06.141 Mokgatlo wa Amerika wa Kankere, kapa ACS ka bokgutshwanyane. 13:06.141 --> 13:13.376 Webosaete ea linkedin.com e bile e thathamisa Rockefeller Jr. e le mothehi oa ACS. 13:13.376 --> 13:20.400 Ho latela tlhaloso ea eona, ke mokhatlo oa bophelo bo botle oa baithaopi o thehiloeng sechabeng, o 13:20.400 --> 13:28.520 phahametseng libaka, o inehetseng ho felisa mofetše e le bothata bo boholo ba bophelo bo botle. 13:28.520 --> 13:34.511 Empa nnete ke efe, ho sa natsoe tekanyetso ea libilione tsa liponto? 13:34.511 --> 13:37.097 Ha re shebeng lipalo: 13:37.097 --> 13:45.195 Ka 1913, batho ba 75,000 ho ba ka bang limilione tse 96 naheng ea United States ba ile ba hlokahala ka lebaka la mofetše. 13:45.195 --> 13:51.585 Sena se fella ka sekgahla sa mafu sa 78 ho baahi ba 100,000. 13:51.585 --> 13:58.983 Kajeno, hoo e ka bang Maamerika a 606,000 a hlokahala ka lebaka la mofetše selemo se seng le se seng ho tsoa 13:58.983 --> 14:04.091 palo ea baahi ba limilione tse 338 (ho tloha ka 2022). 14:04.091 --> 14:10.080 Sekgahla sa lefu ke 179 ho batho ba 100,000. 14:10.080 --> 14:20.359 Kamora dilemo tse 110 tsa mosebetsi wa ACS, sekgahla sa mafu a kankere se se se phahame ho feta habeli naheng ya United States. 14:20.359 --> 14:26.360 Buka e qaqileng Murder by Injection ka E. Mullins, e hatisitsweng ka 1988, e ngola hore ke 14:26.360 --> 14:29.780 batsamaisi bafe ba banka ba neng ba le ka morao ho 14:29.780 --> 14:36.455 Mokgatlo wa Kankere le hore na tjhelete ya kankere e ile ya kgutlela ka dipateng tsa mang: 14:36.455 --> 14:43.298 Ka 1976, bahlahlobisisi ba ile ba hlokomela hore bonyane ditho tse leshome le metso e robeli tsa boto ya batsamaisi ya Mokgatlo 14:43.298 --> 14:48.867 wa Amerika wa Kankere e ne e le batsamaisi ba baholo ba dibanka. 14:48.867 --> 14:57.320 (...) 'Muelli oa ACS o ile a lumela hore 70% ea tekanyetso ea bona ea lipatlisiso ka 1976 e ile ea ea ho "batho ka bomong kapa 14:57.320 --> 15:04.041 mekhatlo" eo litho tsa boto ea bona li neng li amana le eona. 15:04.041 --> 15:04.982 Tlhano. 15:04.982 --> 15:07.769 Kalafo ea khemio 15:09.400 --> 15:14.309 Ka ho thehwa ha Rockefeller Institute le Sepetlele, lelapa la ha Rockefeller le ile la kgona ho ba le 15:14.309 --> 15:17.760 tshusumetso e tobileng dipatlisisong tsa bongaka ba bophelo. 15:17.760 --> 15:24.877 Ka ho toloka feela diphetho tsa dipatlisiso, dipatlisiso di ka tsamaiswa nqa e itseng e batlehang. 15:24.877 --> 15:29.040 Kajeno, chemotherapy ke mokhoa o atileng ka ho fetisisa oa phekolo ea mofetše. 15:29.040 --> 15:32.088 Sena se qalile nakong ea Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše. 15:32.088 --> 15:37.936 Ka 1942, ho ile ha etswa dipatlisiso laboratoring ya Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Yale mabapi le tshusumetso ya kgase ya mosetareta, 15:37.936 --> 15:40.720 e leng sebetsa sa ntwa ya dikhemikhale, hodima lymphoma. 15:40.720 --> 15:45.720 Khase ea mosetareta e ile ea sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele e le khase e chefo nakong ea Ntoa ea Pele ea Lefatše. 15:45.720 --> 15:51.755 Mohahi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa likhase tse chefo lefatšeng e ne e le Mojeremane-Moamerika Frederick Zinsser, 15:51.755 --> 15:56.264 khon'a Mopresidente oa Banka ea Lefatše John J. McCloy. 15:56.264 --> 16:01.678 Frederick Zinsser o ithutile ho hlahisa khase e chefo Heidelberg mme ka lebaka leo a ba morui naheng ea USA. 16:01.678 --> 16:05.888 McCloy o ile a qala ho tlisa bo-ramahlale ba Majeremane a Manazi ba ikhethileng ka libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale le 16:05.888 --> 16:10.155 tsa baeloji naheng ea United States, a le maemong a hae a ho ba Motlatsi oa Mongoli oa Ntoa oa US. 16:10.155 --> 16:15.896 Ho joalo le ka litsebi tsa libetsa tsa baeloji tsa Majapane tse tsoang ho UNIT 731. 16:15.896 --> 16:21.838 McCloy o ile a fihla Jeremane ka 1949 a na le matla a bohatelli mme a kgetha moena wa hae ka nyalo, 16:21.838 --> 16:25.900 Konrad Adenauer, ho ba Tona-kholo ya pele ya Federale. 16:25.900 --> 16:29.519 Tlas'a Manazi le tlas'a Adenauer, Heidelberg e ile ea lula e le setsi sa lipatlisiso tsa 16:29.519 --> 16:32.320 Jeremane tsa libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa baeloji. 16:32.320 --> 16:36.160 Setsi sa Jeremane sa Dipatlisiso tsa Kankere (DKFZ) se fumaneha Heidelberg. 16:36.160 --> 16:37.792 Empa ha re kgutleleng USA: 16:37.792 --> 16:48.884 Ka 1957, mokudi wa pele wa kankere o ile a phekolwa ka chemotherapy Setsing sa Naha sa Kankere (NCI). 16:48.884 --> 16:54.280 Jwalokaha bohle ba tseba, chemotherapy e fanoang kajeno e na le ditlamorao tse mpe haholo. 16:54.280 --> 16:58.532 Sena ke seo setsi sa ditaba tsa kgwebo sa Jeremane, Deutsche Wirtschaftsnachrichten, se se tlalehang, qotso: 16:58.532 --> 17:03.925 Chemotherapy e lefelloa ke lik'hamphani tsa inshorense ea bophelo bo botle, 'me indasteri ea meriana e tšehetsa ka 17:03.925 --> 17:07.442 lichelete lithuto ho khothaletsa thekiso ea chemotherapy. 17:07.442 --> 17:16.269 (…) Hangata, chemotherapy ha se ka mokudi, empa e le ka tjhelete e ngata haholo e ka etswang. 17:16.269 --> 17:21.446 Khemotherapi e bitsa ka karolelano €10,000 ho isa ho €20,000 kalafong ka 'ngoe, chelete eo lik'hamphani tsa inshorense ea 17:21.446 --> 17:25.212 bophelo bo botle li e busetsang ka lipeheletso tse ntseng li eketseha tse lefuoang ke ba 17:25.212 --> 17:27.772 kenyang lipeheletso ho bahlahisi ba meriana. 17:27.772 --> 17:32.580 Ka hona, Chemotherapy e etsetsa indasteri ea meriana phaello e kholo haholo. 17:32.580 --> 17:38.207 Mothating ona, ha ho a lokela ho latolwa hore chemotherapy e fihletse katleho tse itseng 17:38.207 --> 17:42.240 kalafong ya kankere mme e pholositse maphelo a batho. 17:42.240 --> 17:44.722 Empa sena se etsahala ka theko efe? 17:44.722 --> 17:52.460 Ke hobaneng ha diphuputso tsa dipatlisiso tse ding le dikalafo tse ding di ntse di hatellwa ka matla? 17:52.460 --> 17:58.647 Phuputso ea semmuso ea mofetše e na le tokelo efe ea ho hatella ka matla mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ntle le chemotherapy? 17:58.647 --> 18:03.791 Hape ke hobaneng ha re sa utlwe letho ka taba ya hore kankere e batla e le siyo Malaysia hobane batho 18:03.791 --> 18:07.007 ba teng ba ja seo ho thoeng ke tholwana ya kankere? 18:07.007 --> 18:09.653 Kapa mohlala o tsoang merianeng ea Se-Russia: 18:09.653 --> 18:15.179 Setsebi sa kelello le sebini se tsebahalang, Sara Bennet, o tlaleha hore ho lingaka tse ngata tsa 18:15.179 --> 18:19.032 Russia, mofetše ha o nkoe o le kotsi ho feta sefuba. 18:19.032 --> 18:24.968 Hobaneng re sa utloe letho ka meriana ea Russia, e ntseng e etsa tsoelopele e kholo kalafong ea mofetše? 18:24.968 --> 18:30.264 Hobaneng ha mekhatlo eo e fumanang diphetho tse mpe hakana ka mekgwa ya yona ya phekolo e tswela pele ho tiisa hore 18:30.264 --> 18:39.019 Sekgahla sa mafu a kankere se imenne habeli ho feta kamora dilemo tse 110, na mekgwa yohle e meng e notletswe ka senotlolo? 18:39.019 --> 18:40.047 Tšeletseng. 18:40.047 --> 18:44.698 Lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa meriana: Liphiri lia senoleha 18:44.698 --> 18:51.272 Na o ne o tseba hore ka Pulungoana 2023, ho ile ha hlahiswa molao o ntseng o rala Fora "ho matlafatsa ntwa kgahlanong le 18:51.272 --> 18:57.868 "ntshetsopele e kotsi ya dihlopha" mme jwale e se e le makgatheng a ho tiisetswa molaong? 18:57.868 --> 19:01.836 Ka pono ea pele, sena se senola kamoo Lik'hamphani tse Kholo tsa Meriana li tsitlalletseng 19:01.836 --> 19:04.384 kateng ho boloka taolo 'marakeng oa meriana. 19:04.384 --> 19:07.082 Mantswe a molao a tjena: 19:07.082 --> 19:15.713 Kopo ea ho tela kapa ho qoba kalafo ea bongaka ea phekolo kapa thibelo e otloa ka selemo 19:15.713 --> 19:19.964 se le seng chankaneng le tefiso ea €15,000. 19:19.964 --> 19:26.069 (…) Dikotlo tse tshwanang di tla sebetsa ho kgothalletseng mekgwa e hlahiswang e le ya 19:26.069 --> 19:29.984 phekolo kapa thibelo bakeng sa batho ba amehang. 19:29.984 --> 19:41.005 leha ho hlakile, ho ya ka tsebo ya bongaka ya hajwale, hore mekgwa ena e ba beha kotsing e potlakileng ya lefu kapa kotsi, 19:41.005 --> 19:45.700 e ka fellang ka ho holofatsoa ka ho sa feleng kapa bokooa. 19:45.700 --> 19:53.851 Haeba qholotso e boletsoeng litaleng tse peli tsa pele e phethiloe, likotlo li tla ekeletsoa ho fihla lilemo 19:53.851 --> 19:59.843 tse tharo chankaneng le tefiso ea li-euro tse 45,000. 19:59.843 --> 20:04.289 Molao o motjha o a hlaloswa ka mantswe a latelang: 20:04.289 --> 20:10.614 Ha ho shejoa tjantjello ea sechaba bakeng sa mekhoa ea phekolo e sa tiisoang ke saense, 20:10.614 --> 20:16.678 patlo ea boiketlo le nts'etsopele ea botho le ka lebaka la keketseho ea lithupelo, 20:16.678 --> 20:19.397 tse sa faneng ka li-diploma tse ananeloang ke naha 20:19.397 --> 20:27.421 Bakuli ba ka hlekefletsoa kapa ba hlahlojoa ka mekhoa ea phekolo e mpe, haholo-holo e amanang le lihlotšoana tsa bolumeli. 20:27.421 --> 20:31.260 Koranta ea Sefora L'Express e eketsa: 20:31.260 --> 20:36.323 Sena se lekane ho arabela maemo a mangata ao ho ona batho, 20:36.323 --> 20:45.268 ba buang ka merero ea sephiri le mekhoa e fapaneng ea phekolo e 'ngoe, joalo ka ho se nke phekolo ea mofetše, ba khothalletsa. 20:45.268 --> 20:49.842 Lengolo la tlhaloso le hlakisa merero ea sebele ea lekgotla la ketsamolao la Fora: 20:49.842 --> 20:55.480 Molao o reretsoe ho netefatsa hore indasteri ea meriana e ka atolosa taolo ea eona le ho feta. 20:55.480 --> 21:01.473 Mang kapa mang ea sisinyang phekolo e fapaneng e sa "netefatsoang ke saense" kapa e sa tsamaellaneng le 21:01.473 --> 21:05.120 "boemo ba tsebo ea bongaka" o lokela ho khutsisoa. 21:05.120 --> 21:08.288 Re se re tloaetse mokhoa ona ho tsoa ho Tlaleho ea Flexner. 21:08.288 --> 21:13.292 Potso: Hobaneng ha lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa meriana li batla ho laola, 'me ha ho hlokahala, li bile li hatakele thato e 21:13.292 --> 21:16.417 lokolohileng ea batho e le hore li "hlokomele boiketlo ba bona"? 21:16.417 --> 21:23.757 Na e ka ba ntho e fapaneng ka ho feletseng le 'mohau le bophelo bo botle' bakeng sa bohle? 21:23.757 --> 21:25.046 Supa. 21:25.046 --> 21:29.597 Patlisiso ea libetsa tsa baeloji ka boqhekanyetsi 21:29.597 --> 21:35.582 Puisanong, ngaka le ofisiri Heiko Schöning o senola ntlha e khahlang haholo: 21:35.582 --> 21:40.462 O hokahanya ka kotloloho dipatlisiso tsa mofets'e le dipatlisiso tsa dibetsa tsa baeloji. 21:40.462 --> 21:43.756 Joale shebella likaroloana tse khutšoane tsa lenaneo. 21:43.756 --> 21:47.440 Empa jwale re mehleng ya dibetsa tsa baeloji. 21:47.440 --> 21:50.196 Tsoelopele ena ea botekgeniki e a khoneha. 21:50.196 --> 21:58.486 Mme ha re hetla morao, re bona hore, e, ka 1972, ho ne ho ena le thibelo ya semmuso ya dibetsa tsa baeloji. 21:58.486 --> 22:03.435 Ho ne ho sa dumellwa hore di sebediswe, di hlahiswe kapa di bolokwe, ho hang. 22:03.435 --> 22:08.080 Ho a makatsa, sena se ile sa buuoa ke Mopresidente oa Amerika, Richard Nixon. 22:08.080 --> 22:13.877 Seo feela se ngotsoeng hantle ke hore Richard Nixon e ne e le moqhekelli ea hloahloa ka ho fetisisa ka 22:13.877 --> 22:17.308 har'a mafia ea botlokotsebe bo hlophisitsoeng ea lefats'e. 22:17.308 --> 22:20.800 Lebitso la hae la bosoasoi la semmuso e ne e le Tricky Dick. 22:20.800 --> 22:24.551 E, mme ha e le hantle Nixon o ile a pata feela mme a reha ka lebitso le leng dipatlisiso 22:24.551 --> 22:27.320 tsa dibetsa tsa baeloji naheng ya United States. 22:27.320 --> 22:31.842 E 'ngoe ea libaka tsa sehlooho e ne e le Fort Detrick naheng ea United States. 22:31.842 --> 22:37.522 Mme ho ile ha etsahalang ka bafuputsi bohle ba dibetsa tsa baeloji le meaho ya tsona? 22:37.522 --> 22:39.877 Li sa tsoa fetoloa mabitso. Ho ne ho e-na le letšoao le lecha. 22:39.877 --> 22:48.086 Mme letshwao le ne le ngotswe tjena: NCI – Setsi sa Naha sa Kankere. 22:48.086 --> 22:50.065 O tlameha ho utlwisisa seo kannete. 22:50.065 --> 22:56.046 Bafuputsi baona le meaho eona di ne di ntse di le teng moo, mme jwale e ne e se e le phuputso ya mofets'e ka molao. 22:56.046 --> 22:57.692 Khemelo e kgutshwane: 22:57.692 --> 23:02.735 Ka tšohanyetso feela, ka nako e tšoanang le ha ho ne ho beoa thibelo liphuputsong tsa libetsa tsa baeloji, Molao 23:02.735 --> 23:05.862 oa Naha oa Kankere o ile oa fetisoa ke 'muso oa Amerika. 23:05.862 --> 23:12.940 Mopresidente Nixon o ile a tshepisa didolara tse dibilione tse supileng ho "lwantsha kankere" ka selemo sa 1976. 23:12.940 --> 23:17.906 Setsi sa Naha sa Kankere (NCI) se ile sa fetoha, ka nako e le 'ngoe, setsi se seholo ka ho fetisisa le se nang le 23:17.906 --> 23:23.774 tšusumetso e kholo ho feta litsi tsohle tsa bophelo bo botle tsa US – kapa, ho e-na le hoo, "litsi tsa libetsa tsa baeloji". 23:23.774 --> 23:25.363 Schöning o tswela pele: 23:25.363 --> 23:27.994 Libetsa tsa baeloji ke eng? 23:27.994 --> 23:29.879 Tsena ke chefo ea lisele. 23:29.879 --> 23:32.613 Meriana ea mofetše ke eng? 23:32.613 --> 23:34.060 Chefo e bolaeang lisele 23:34.060 --> 23:39.420 Mme phapang ke efe pakeng tsa teko ea libetsa tsa baeloji le lipatlisiso tsa mofetše? 23:39.420 --> 23:42.833 Mepeleto e fapaneng 23:42.833 --> 23:47.123 Mme ke sona hantle seo Nixon a se entseng. 23:47.123 --> 23:51.213 Ba ile ba fetola letšoao feela Fort Detrick ho tloha ho "Patlisiso ea Libetsa tsa Bophelo bo Botle" 23:51.213 --> 23:54.112 ho ea ho "Setsi sa Naha sa Patlisiso ea Kankere." 23:54.112 --> 23:56.910 Batlhokomedi ba ratehang, ntho e le nngwe e tlameha ho hlaka ho rona: 23:56.910 --> 24:00.885 Dibetsa tsa baeloji hangata di etseditswe ho bolaya ka sephiri! 24:00.885 --> 24:05.000 Re ka lebella eng ho tsoa litsing tsa libetsa tsa baeloji – tšoarelo, litsing tsa 24:05.000 --> 24:07.762 lipatlisiso tsa mofetše – nakong e tlang e haufi? 24:07.762 --> 24:09.362 Schöning o tswela pele: 24:09.362 --> 24:15.352 Mme mohlala, leqiti le leng e ne e le hore bafuputsi bana ba dibetsa tsa baeloji ka tshohanyetso ba qeta 24:15.352 --> 24:19.110 mashome a dilemo ba fuputsa mokento o lwantshang kankere. 24:19.110 --> 24:21.701 Seo jwale se lebetswe hape. 24:21.701 --> 24:31.146 Mme ho tsamaellana le sena, hona jwale re utlwa ka mekento ya mRNA, eo ha e le hantle e leng diphekolo tsa dijini tse ntseng 24:31.146 --> 24:36.454 di le tekong bakeng sa kankere, tse rekisetswang rona kajeno. 24:36.454 --> 24:42.393 Bonang feela, kamora tlokotsi ya liente tsa Covid tsa mRNA tse bitswang, jwale le liente tsa mofets'e tsa 24:42.393 --> 24:46.129 mRNA le tsona di tla rekisetswa setjhaba ka kakaretso. 24:46.129 --> 24:50.264 Litlōlo tsa molao tsa liente tsa Covid tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe haholo, tse kang ho hlahisa 24:50.264 --> 24:52.998 mofetše o potlakileng haholo, ha li e-so sebetsoe. 24:52.998 --> 24:59.718 Lenaneong la yona "Ho qhoma ha mofets'e wa turbo kamora ente ya coronavirus", Kla.TV e hlalositse kamano pakeng tsa 24:59.718 --> 25:04.140 ente ya mRNA le dithurugo tse holang ka lebelo le feteletseng. 25:04.140 --> 25:07.851 Mme jwale mekento e metjha ya mRNA e a fumaneha. 25:07.851 --> 25:15.595 Ka hona, ha ho makatse hore ebe tshepo ya batho ho meriana e laolwang ke dikhamphani tsa meriana e ntse e theoha ka potlako! 25:15.595 --> 25:17.772 Qetello: 25:19.712 --> 25:21.066 Pele. 25:21.066 --> 25:25.566 Batho ba sa tšabeng Molimo, ba chesehelang chelete le matla, ba kang Rockefeller & Co., ba ile ba rala 25:25.566 --> 25:30.312 metheo ea indasteri ea sejoale-joale ea meriana le tsamaiso ea rona ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo. 25:30.312 --> 25:31.535 Bobedi. 25:31.535 --> 25:38.540 Ho tloha qalong, ba ntse ba ikemiselitse ho fumana taolo e feletseng holim'a thuto ea bongaka le saense. 25:38.540 --> 25:40.102 Tharo. 25:40.102 --> 25:47.665 Ho tloha qalong, dipatlisiso tse ikemetseng le tsona di ntse di hanelwa ka matla, leha di tshepisa. 25:47.665 --> 25:49.180 4. 25:49.180 --> 25:55.390 'Setshwantsho sa ho ba bahlodi' sa metheo le mekgatlo e tsamaiswang ke barui ba fetisisang se sebeletsa ho pata 25:55.390 --> 25:59.884 merero ya bona ya nnete: e leng, ho atolosa matla le taolo. 25:59.884 --> 26:00.974 Tlhano. 26:00.974 --> 26:06.576 Ho sa natsoe matsete a maholo, sekhahla sa mafu a mofetše se ntse se nyoloha butle-butle. 26:06.576 --> 26:08.325 Tsheletseng. 26:08.325 --> 26:11.898 Ho na le bopaki ba hore dipatlisiso tsa kankere tse nang le ditekanyetso tse kgolo le tsona di 26:11.898 --> 26:13.746 sebediswa ho etsa dipatlisiso ka dibetsa tsa baeloji. 26:13.746 --> 26:18.900 Dibetsa tsa baeloji hangata di etseditswe ho bolaya ka sekhukhu le ka bongata bo boholo! 26:18.900 --> 26:20.671 Supa. 26:20.671 --> 26:25.702 Kajeno, re fihlile ntlheng eo ho yona baahi ba sokelang ka puso ya bongaka e hatellang le 26:25.702 --> 26:29.589 mehato ya bongaka e qobelloang e kotsi haholo. 26:29.589 --> 26:37.700 Indasteri ea meriana, e laoloang ke ba ha Rockefeller ba lefatše lena, e iponahatsa e le mofetše oa 'nete. 26:37.700 --> 26:43.225 Rea ipotsa: Na lipolelo tsa semmuso mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa mofetše li ka ba 'nete? 26:43.225 --> 26:49.790 Ha ho se ho kentsoe lichelete tse ngata haholo ho eona ka lilemo tse ka bang 100, empa katleho e fumaneng e le nyane haholo? 26:49.790 --> 26:56.384 Katleho tsa pholiso li bonahala li le nyane haholo ha li bapisoa, hoo li lekaneng feela ho boloka tšepo e phela. 26:56.384 --> 27:00.858 Ditlaleho tse sa kgaotseng tsa tshepo ya pheko ya kankere di etsa bonnete ba hore phallo e kgolo ya tjhelete 27:00.858 --> 27:04.200 bakeng sa diphuputso tse belaetsang ha e ke e pshella. 27:04.200 --> 27:10.598 Koporasi e ntseng e fetoha e bohale le e laolang ea meriana e ipaka e le mofetše oa 'nete. 27:10.598 --> 27:12.860 Hona ke nako ea ho sibolla 'nete. 27:12.860 --> 27:16.334 Khemola lisosa le lintho tse tlatsetsang keketsehong e tswelang pele ya sekgahla sa kankere. 27:16.334 --> 27:19.755 Bahlodi ba etsang phaello ka chefo e fumanehang dijong, moyeng, mobung, metsing le 27:19.755 --> 27:22.440 dihlahisweng tsa meriana ba lokela ho fuputswa. 27:22.440 --> 27:25.928 Mofuta o mong le o mong wa bo-bobutho bo etswang ke WHO e laolwang ke dikhamphani tsa 27:25.928 --> 27:29.479 meriana le bahlanka ba yona o tlameha ho emisiwa!