WEBVTT

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Akukho lomunye umkhuhlane onomthelela onjalo
ojulile emphakathini wethu njengomdlavuza.

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Impela wonke umuntu uyamazi umuntu oseduze kwakhe
owake waba nomdlavuza noma owashona ngenxa yawo.

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Ngo-2018 kuphela, ngaphambi kobhubhane
lwe-coronavirus, kwakukhona izigameko ezintsha eziyizigidi

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eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zomdlavuza emhlabeni wonke.

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EJalimane, umdlavuza wawuyimbangela
yesibili ephambili yokufa ngo-2022.

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Istatistiki yeminyaka eyishumi edlule ikhombisa
ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokufa ngomdlavuza ngo-1.5%.

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Ngo-2019, iphephandaba i-Südkurier lathumela isihloko
esithi: "Amashumi ayizigidigidi ezingama-120 e-euro

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ocwaningweni: Kungani i-EU manje imemezela impi nomdlavuza."

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Ngakho-ke, izindleko zocwaningo zizokhuphuka
ngokwengeziwe ngo-£120 billion phakathi kuka-2021 no-2027.

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Imali eningi kakhulu ibihlala ifakwa ocwaningweni lomdlavuza.

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Kodwa kungani kungakaze kube nokuthuthuka
okukhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza kuze kube manje?

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Ake siqale ngokubheka kafushane umlando wocwaningo
lomdlavuza eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-100 edlule.

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Okokuqala.

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Umlando wocwaningo lomdlavuza

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Cishe ngo-1900, kwatholakala izinto ezibangela izifo
ezithathelana ezahlukahlukene ezingaphezulu nangaphezulu.

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Nasesimweni somdlavuza, abacwaningi
baqala bafuna ukuhlonza ipathogeni.

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Imiphumela yocwaningo kaProfesa Robert Koch
noProfesa M. Newjadomskij yayinokuqonda okujulile.

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Bobabili bathola ngokuzimela ukuthi amaseli
omdlavuza ahlukile kumaseli ezicubu ezijwayelekile.

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Babonisa ukuziphatha okungaziwa ukuthi
kwenzeka kumaseli omzimba ajwayelekile.

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Isibonelo, zibonisa ukukhula okubonakala
kungapheli, zihamba "njenge-amiba" futhi zakha

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ama-metastases ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezahlukene ngokuphelele.

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Ngakho-ke uKoch noNewjadomskij baphothula
ukuthi umdlavuza ubangelwa

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ama-microparasites, okungukuthi amagciwane amancane kakhulu.

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Abanye abacwaningi, nokho, bachaze ukuthuthukiswa
komdlavuza njengokuvela ngenxa yesizathu esingaphili,

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isibonelo ngokusebenzisa izivuseleli ezithinta amaseli omzimba.

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Ngokwalokhu, iseli lomdlavuza liyiseli eliguquliwe,
okungukuthi elonakele, elikhiqizwa umzimba uqobo.

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Ngemva kwengxoxo ecindezelayo, ithiyori yeseli eyonakele yahlula.

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I-oncology yanamuhla isekelwe kule "degeneration".

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Ukuhlolwa kokufuna umgijimi wesifo kwamiswa
ngokusemthethweni. Ezinye iziphumo zocwaningo azisadingeki.

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Kuze kube manje, ucwaningo olusemthethweni
lomdlavuza luphumelele ukunganaki imiphumela yocwaningo

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"olunye" noma ukulwa nabacwaningi abangakhululekile.

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Ngakho-ke, nansi isifinyezo esifushane
semiphumela yocwaningo ongazange uzwe ngayo ngaphambili.

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2.

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Imiphumela yocwaningo ehlukile

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Dkt. Alfons Weber

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Ngo-1967, udokotela waseJalimane onguchwepheshe
wezomdlavuza nomcwaningi wamaseli uDkt.

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Alfons Weber wakhulula imiphumela yocwaningo lwakhe.

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Ngokwalokhu, angakwazi ukuthola
ama-microparasites kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwethishu lomdlavuza.

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UDkt. Alfons Weber wayeqinisekile ukuthi akukho kokwelashwa
komdlavuza okuvunywe ngokusemthethweni okwakuzomsiza.

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Iseli lesicubu lihlaselwa esikhundleni
sama-microparasites abangela umdlavuza.

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Ubufakazi bakhe bocwaningo bunganakwa kakhulu.

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Ziyizinto zasendulo, amabhubhu amanzi noma izakhiwo
ezenziwe ngabantu, noma ngisho nezibonakaliso zomuntu ophambene.

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Indlela yakhe ephumelelayo yokwelapha umdlavuza ngokusebenzisa
imishanguzo yokwelapha i-malaria yaholela eminyakeni yamacala

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enkantolo nasekumisweni kwelayisensi yakhe yezokwelapha.

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Ngo-1972 wamukelwa esibhedlela sezifo zengqondo,
nakuba kwakungekho ubufakazi bokuthi wayenesifo sengqondo.

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Dkt. Helmut Keller, eJalimane

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Kusukela ngo-1972 kuqhubeke, uKeller
waphatha ngempumelelo kakhulu amathumba athile

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ngesithako esikhiqizwa isitshalo i-Venus flytrap.

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Umkhiqizo wakhe "Carnivora" wathola ukuvunywa
kwesikhashana eJalimane futhi wathandwa kakhulu ezigulini.

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Uthakathi ohlangothini lomkhakha wezokwelapha.

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Ngenxa yalokho, iHhovisi Lezempilo Likahulumeni Lwazwelonke
yaphoqeleka ukuvimba kabusha lo muthi omusha ngo-1986.

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Ngenxa yokuthi uDkt Keller waqhubeka nokwelapha iziguli zakhe
ngeCarnivora, wahlawuliswa ngemamaki ayi-10 000 aseJalimane.

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Tamara Lebedeva

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Ngo-1989, isazi sezakhi nomkhakha wezitshalo waseRussia wathola
ukuthi ipharasayithi lasendulo iTrichomonas libangela umdlavuza.

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Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, emehlweni
angajwayelekile kadokotela wezomdlavuza,

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ama-flagellate abonakala sengathi yizicubu zomdlavuza.

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I-Trichomonas ziyizazi zokuqamba amanga.

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Isibonelo, bangaziguqula besuka esimweni sabo
eside, esinezintambo nama-flagella, babe isimo

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se-amoeba esiyindilinga esizofana kakhulu nezicubu zomuntu.

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Ngesimo sabo se-amoeba, bakha
amakoloni futhi bazivalela njengoba kudingeka.

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ULebedeva wabona i-trichomoniasis
njengesigaba sokuqala somdlavuza.

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Imizamo yabo yokudonsa ukunaka
komphakathi kule miphumela yocwaningo yahluleka.

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Lebedeva: "Yonke incwadi, yonke imibuzo eya eMnyangweni
Wezempilo noma kwezinye izikhungo zesevisi yezempilo ithunyelwa

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futhi eSikhungweni Sikazwelonke Sezomdlavuza eMoscow,"

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futhi kusukela lapho kuvela impendulo yokugwetsha njalo lapho
kutholakala ukuthi okutholakele akufanele umzamo wokucwaningwa.

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Babukeli abathandekayo: Imiphumela
yocwaningo ekhonjisiwe lapha imele eminye eminingi.

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Kungani zifihlwe emphakathini?

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Ubani onentshisekelo yokucindezela, yokudicilela phansi,
ngisho nokwenza ucwaningo olunye lomdlavuza lube ubugebengu?

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Ngezansi sikhombisa ukuthi izinkantolo
ezithile zezimali eziphakeme zathumba kanjani

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uhlelo lwezempilo ukuze zizuze izinjongo zazo.

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Kuthathu.

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Uguquko lwohlelo lwezempilo

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Masibheke umndeni owangena emlandweni
njengabanikeli abakhulu, owaziwa nangokuthi abaphilanthropi:

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Umndeni wakwaRockefeller waseMelika.

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Cishe ngo-1880, uRockefeller Sr. wayelawula amaphesenti
angama-90 wonke umakethe kawoyela wase-United States.

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Cishe ngo-1900, ososayensi bathole i-petrochemistry, okusho
ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kusuka kukawoyela ongavuthiwe.

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Baqala ukukhiqiza izithako ezisebenzayo
ezisuselwe ezitshalweni ngendlela yokwenziwa.

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Lezi zingapatentwa futhi zithengiswe ngenzuzo enkulu.

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Uhlelo lukaRockefeller kwakuwukudala imakethe
yemikhiqizo yezokwelapha eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali.

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Nokho, ukuthandwa kwamaMelika imithi
yemvelo nemithi yezitshalo kwakumvimba.

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Cishe ingxenye yesibili yodokotela nezikole
zezokwelapha e-United States nabo benza imithi

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ehlanganisa zonke izingxenye zomzimba nengqondo.

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URockefeller Sr. wakwazi kanjani ukunqoba umkhakha wezokwelapha?

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Umbiko kaFlexner

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Umbambisene kaRockefeller ezivumelwaneni
zebhizinisi ezinenzuzo wayengu-Andrew Carnegie.

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Bobabili babeyizisekeli eziqinile ze-eugenics.

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Abaxhasi be-eugenics bazibophezele ekulawuleni inani
labantu nasekuvimbeleni okubizwa ngokuthi "izingxenye eziphansi

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zabantu", isibonelo ngokwenziwa ukungazali ngokuphoqelelwa.

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Andrew Carnegie waqoqa ingcebo enkulu embonini yensimbi,
futhi ngeminikelo yakhe enesisa nokusungulwa kwezikhungo,

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wathola idumela lokuba umnikeli omkhulu kusenesikhathi.

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Isibonelo, ngo-1905 uCarnegie wasungula
i-Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

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Ukuze kuqaliswe uhlelo lukaRockefeller, iCarnegie
Foundation yaqasha umcabangi wezemfundo u-Abraham Flexner

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ukuba enze ucwaningo ngemfundo yezokwelapha eMelika.

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Flexner wakhulula imiphumela yakhe ngo-1910
kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iFlexner Report.

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Lombiko wabeka umkhakha wezokwelapha
endleleni uRockefeller ayefuna – nemiphumela

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ebanzi ekuqeqesheni ochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

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Ngamafuphi, lezi kwakuyi:

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Zonke izikole ezingafundisi ngokwe-'khemistri
yemithi', okungukuthi 'imithi yesayensi', zalahlekelwa

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yi-akredithethi yazo kanye nazo zonke izibonelelo zezimali.

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Kuzo izikole zezokwelapha eziyi-155 ezake zaba khona e-United
States naseCanada, kwase kusele eziyi-66 kuphela ngo-1935.

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Amasikole ezokwelapha asele alahlekelwe ukuzimela kwawo.

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Indlela ebanzi yokubhekana nempilo nokuvimbela
izifo isusiwe kakhulu ekufundiseni nasekuqeqesheni.

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Imithi esekelwe ekhemikhali
isiphakanyisiwe yaba isindinganiso sesayensi.

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Abantu baseMelika bathonywa yisisho
esithi "ipilisi elilodwa kuzo zonke izifo".

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Imithi yemvelo ihlaselwe igama layo.

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Emuva kweminyaka emibili nje kuphela, konke kwaphindwa eYurophu.

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– nemiphumela efanayo.

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Ukusetshenziswa kombiko kaFlexner

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Umbiko we-Flexner wawusetshenziswa yiBhodi
Yezemfundo Jikelele kaJohn D. Rockefeller Omkhulu.

09:30.530 --> 09:34.717
I-GEB iyisisekelo asungule ngonyaka ka-1902.

09:34.717 --> 09:39.960
Lezi zimali zasatshalaliswa emakolishi,
emanyuvesi nasemakolishi ezokwelapha.

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Bekulindeleke ukuthi basize ekulungisweni kabusha
ngokuhambisana nezifiso zomndeni wakwaRockefeller.

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Futhi obambe iqhaza: Abraham Flexner.

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Wajoyina i-GEB njengomsizi kaNobhala ngo-1912.

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Flexner:

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Phakathi kuka-1919 no-1928, iBhodi Lezemfundo Jikelele yanikela
ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile isigamu

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sebhiliyoni samadola noma ngaphezulu ezinsizeni
nasekuxhasweni kwemfundo yezokwelapha eMelika.

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Lokho kuhambisana nenani lamanje elingekho
ngokuphelele lokuzinceda elingu-9.1 billionamadola!

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Emuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili kusungulwa
iBhodi Lezemfundo Jikelele, uJohn D. Rockefeller

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Jr. wasungula iBhodi Lezemfundo Yamazwe Ngamazwe.

10:26.840 --> 10:33.325
Ngaphezu kwezikhungo, i-IEB iphinde yasekela
ososayensi ngabanye ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe.

10:33.325 --> 10:40.448
Yanikeza izinkulungwane zezibonelelo zemfundo nezibonelelo
zezimali ezinhlanganweni emazweni angama-39 ahlukene.

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Sekukonke, uRockefeller Jr. wanikela
ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-21 zamadola e-IEB.

10:46.780 --> 10:51.640
Lokho kuyilingana nenani lamadola ayizigidi ezingama-376 namuhla.

10:51.640 --> 11:01.089
Ngo-1938, iRockefeller Foundation yathatha izibopho
zeBhodi Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezemfundo futhi yaqhubeka nokuzifeza.

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Ezinye izisekelo ezasungulwa ngamaRockefeller

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Njengoba ubona, uJohn D. Rockefeller Sr.
wayengumcabangi ohlelayo ongazange aletha imfundo

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yezokwelapha enkathini yanamuhla ngenxa yobubele obumsulwa.

11:15.534 --> 11:19.591
Phela wayesevele waba ngusomabhizinisi wamafutha
futhi umuntu ocebile kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngaleso

11:19.591 --> 11:22.329
sikhathi ngenxa yezindlela zokuhweba ezingalungile.

11:22.329 --> 11:26.040
Wayehlala esebenzisa imali yakhe ngobuchule ukuze andise inzuzo.

11:26.040 --> 11:32.066
Ngokuhlela kabusha imfundo yezokwelapha kanye
nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, wadala imakethe enkulu

11:32.066 --> 11:36.065
yemikhiqizo yezokwelapha eyenziwe ngezamakhemikhali.

11:36.065 --> 11:39.870
Ngasikhathi sinye, wayenethonya elikhulu ocwaningweni lwesayensi.

11:39.870 --> 11:45.875
Ngale njongo, amaRockefeller asungule, phakathi kwezinye
izinto, amanyuvesi anethonya, isibhedlela socwaningo

11:45.875 --> 11:50.604
esibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesikole sezokwelapha esiphakeme:

11:50.604 --> 11:58.069
1901, ukusungulwa kweRockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, manje iRockefeller University

11:58.069 --> 12:02.396
Inhlangano yangasese yocwaningo
lwezokwelapha kwezinto eziphilayo.

12:02.396 --> 12:10.454
1910, Ukusungulwa kweSibhedlela seRockefeller
University, isibhedlela sokuqala socwaningo e-United States.

12:10.454 --> 12:13.782
Kwenziwa lapho izifundo ezixhaswa ngemali yangasese.

12:13.782 --> 12:20.656
Inkinga ukuthi lezi zinto zivame
ukuholela emiphumeleni evumelana nomxhasi.

12:20.656 --> 12:27.098
1910, Ukusungulwa kweSikole Sezempilo
Yomphakathi iJohns Hopkins Bloomberg.

12:27.098 --> 12:33.775
Ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana nomthelela nokuxhumana kwabo
bonke umndeni wakwaRockefeller ohlelweni olubizwa ngokuthi

12:33.775 --> 12:37.610
"The Rockefeller Dynasty: One Step Ahead of World Events?"

12:37.610 --> 12:48.791
Okulandelayo, sibheka ngokucophelela uRockefeller Jr. nomthelela
wakhe enhlanganweni yezempilo i-American Cancer Society.

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Mine.

12:49.865 --> 12:55.213
URockefeller uxhasa ngemali i-American Cancer Society.

12:55.213 --> 13:01.300
Ngo-1913 kwasungulwa Inhlangano YaseMelika
Yokulawula Umdlavuza, manje eyaziwa nje ngokuthi

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Inhlangano YaseMelika Yomdlavuza, noma i-ACS ngokufingqa.

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Iwebhusayithi linkedin.com ngisho ibala
uRockefeller Jr. njengomsunguli we-ACS.

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Ngokwencazelo yaso, iyi-inhlangano yezempilo yobuzithandela
esekelwe emphakathini, esebenza ngaphezu

13:20.225 --> 13:28.520
kwemingcele yezifunda, ezinikele ekupheliseni
umdlavuza njengoba ingxenye enkulu yezinkinga zezempilo.

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Kodwa yini iqiniso, naphezu
kwesabelomali sezibhiliyoni zamaphawundi?

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Ake sibheke izinombolo:

13:37.097 --> 13:45.195
Ngo-1913, abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-75 kwezigidi
ezingaba ngu-96 e-United States bashona ngenxa yomdlavuza.

13:45.195 --> 13:51.585
Lokhu kuholela ezingeni lokufa elingu-78
kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-100,000.

13:51.585 --> 14:04.091
Namuhla, cishe amaMelika angu-606,000 ayafa ngomdlavuza unyaka
ngamunye kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-338 (kusukela ngo-2022).

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Izinga lokufa liyi-179 kwabangu-100,000.

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Ngemva kweminyaka engu-110 yokusebenza kwe-ACS, izinga lokufa
ngomdlavuza e-United States seliphindwe kabili nangaphezulu.

14:20.359 --> 14:26.235
Incwadi ene-mininingwane ethi Murder by Injection
ka-E. Mullins, eyashicilelwa ngo-1988, ibhala

14:26.235 --> 14:29.780
ukuthi yimaphi abaqondisi bamabhange ababemi ngemuva kwe

14:29.780 --> 14:36.455
Inhlangano yoMdlavuza kanye nabo
ababuyiselwa imali yomdlavuza eziphongweni zabo:

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Abagxeki baphawule ngo-1976 ukuthi okungenani amalungu
ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ebhodini labaqondisi

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le-American Cancer Society babe abaphathi abaphezulu emabhange.

14:48.867 --> 14:56.822
(...) Umkhulumeli we-ACS wavuma ukuthi ngo-1976 amaphesenti
angama-70 wesabelomali sabo socwaningo aye "kubantu

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ngabanye noma ezikhungweni" ababehlangene namalungu ebhodi labo.

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Hlanu.

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Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

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Ngokusungulwa kweRockefeller Institute
neSibhedlela, umndeni wakwaRockefeller wakwazi

15:14.629 --> 15:17.760
ukuthonya ngqo ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.

15:17.760 --> 15:24.877
Ngokuhumusha nje imiphumela yocwaningo,
ucwaningo lungaqondiswa ngendlela ethile efunwayo.

15:24.877 --> 15:29.040
Namuhla, i-chemotherapy iyindlela
evamile kakhulu yokwelapha umdlavuza.

15:29.040 --> 15:32.088
Lokhu kwaqala ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

15:32.088 --> 15:37.652
Ngo-1942, kwenziwa ucwaningo elebhu yeSikole
Sezokwelapha saseYale ngomthelela wegasi le-mustard,

15:37.652 --> 15:40.720
okuyisibutha sokulwa ngamakhemikhali, kuma-lymphoma.

15:40.720 --> 15:45.720
Igesi ye-mustadi yasetshenziswa okokuqala
njengegesi ebulalayo ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

15:45.720 --> 15:51.684
Umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wamagesi
ayingozi kwakunguFrederick Zinsser, ongumJalimane waseMelika,

15:51.684 --> 15:56.264
umkhwekazi kaMongameli weBhange Lomhlaba uJohn J. McCloy.

15:56.264 --> 16:01.678
UFrederick Zinsser wafunda indlela yokukhiqiza igesi ebulalayo
eHeidelberg futhi waba ngumuntu ocebile e-USA ngenxa yalokho.

16:01.678 --> 16:06.813
UMcCloy waqala ukuletha ososayensi baseJalimane beNazi
abagxile ezikhali zamakhemikhali nezokutheleleka e-United

16:06.813 --> 16:10.155
States njengomsekeli kaNgqongqoshe WeMpi wase-United States.

16:10.155 --> 16:15.896
Kuyafana nakubachwepheshe bezikhali
zebhayoloji zaseJapane abavela e-UNIT 731.

16:15.896 --> 16:21.615
UMcCloy wafika eJalimane ngo-1949 enemandla
odiktatsha wenza umkhwenyana wakhe uKonrad

16:21.615 --> 16:25.900
Adenauer waba uNgqongqoshe Wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi.

16:25.900 --> 16:29.627
Ngesikhathi sobuNazi nangaphansi kuka-Adenauer,
iHeidelberg yahlala iyisikhungo socwaningo

16:29.627 --> 16:32.320
lwaseJalimane ngezikhali zekhemikhali nezobhayoloji.

16:32.320 --> 16:36.160
Isikhungo SaseJalimane Socwaningo
Lomdlavuza (DKFZ) sitholakala eHeidelberg.

16:36.160 --> 16:37.792
Kodwa masibuyele e-USA:

16:37.792 --> 16:48.884
Ngo-1957, icala lokuqala lomdlavuza lanyangwa
nge-chemotherapy eNational Cancer Institute (NCI).

16:48.884 --> 16:54.280
Njengoba wonke umuntu eyazi, i-chemotherapy
enikezwa namuhla inemiphumela emibi enzima.

16:54.280 --> 16:58.532
Lokhu yilokho okubikiwe yiphephandaba lezindaba zebhizinisi
laseJalimane iDeutsche Wirtschaftsnachrichten, okuthi:

16:58.532 --> 17:03.674
I-chemotherapy ikhokhelwa izinkampani
zomshwalense wezempilo, kanti imboni yezemithi ixhasa

17:03.674 --> 17:07.442
izifundo zokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwe-chemotherapy.

17:07.442 --> 17:16.269
(…) Imvamisa, i-chemotherapy ayigxili kumguli, kodwa
kunalokho igxile ezinani ezinkulu zemali ezingatholakala.

17:16.269 --> 17:21.725
I-Chemotherapy ibiza cishe €10,000 kuya ku-€20,000 ngokwelashwa
ngakunye, imali ebuyiselwa izinkampani

17:21.725 --> 17:27.772
zomshwalense wezempilo kusuka emnikelweni okhuphukayo
okukhokhwa abanikeli kubakhiqizi bezidakamizwa.

17:27.772 --> 17:32.580
Ngakho-ke i-chemotherapy ikhiqiza
inzuzo enkulu embonini yezemithi.

17:32.580 --> 17:38.186
Kulesi sikhathi, akufanele kuphikwe ukuthi
i-chemotherapy ifinyelele ekuphumeleleni okuthile

17:38.186 --> 17:42.240
ekwelashweni komdlavuza futhi isindise izimpilo zabantu.

17:42.240 --> 17:44.722
Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngentengo engakanani?

17:44.722 --> 17:52.460
Kungani imiphumela yocwaningo ehlukile kanye
nezindlela zokwelapha ehlukile zisacindezelwa ngamandla?

17:52.460 --> 17:55.948
Ucwaningo olusemthethweni lomdlavuza lunalo
ilungelo elingakanani lokucindezela kakhulu ezinye

17:55.948 --> 17:58.647
izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy?

17:58.647 --> 18:03.824
Futhi kungani singezwa lutho ngokuthi umdlavuza
cishe awukho eMalaysia ngoba abantu lapho bedla

18:03.824 --> 18:07.007
isithelo esibizwa ngokuthi isithelo somdlavuza?

18:07.007 --> 18:09.653
Noma isibonelo esivela kwezokwelapha zaseRussia:

18:09.653 --> 18:15.310
Umselaphi nomculi onxhumene kakhulu, uSara
Bennet, ubika ukuthi kubodokotela abaningi eRussia,

18:15.310 --> 18:19.032
umdlavuza awunabo ubunzima obungaphezu kobanda.

18:19.032 --> 18:24.968
Kungani singezwa lutho ngemithi yaseRussia, eyenza
intuthuko enkulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza njengamanje?

18:24.968 --> 18:30.264
Kungani lezo zinkundla ezithola imiphumela emibi
kangaka ngezindlela zazo zokwelapha zisagcizelela ukuthi

18:30.264 --> 18:34.055
izinga lokufa ngomdlavuza seliphindeke kabili
ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili emva kweminyaka

18:34.055 --> 18:39.019
engu-110, zonke ezinye izindlela zivaliwe ngokuphelele?

18:39.019 --> 18:40.047
Isithupha.

18:40.047 --> 18:44.698
Izinkampani ezinkulu zemithi: Izifihlo sezisuswa

18:44.698 --> 18:51.272
Ingabe wawazi ukuthi ngoNovemba 2023, kwethulwa
umthetho osaseleyo eFrance "ukuqinisa umzabalazo wokulwa ne

18:51.272 --> 18:57.868
"intuthuko eyingozi yezinhlangano zenkolo"
futhi manje isiseduze nokuba ifakwe emthethweni?

18:57.868 --> 19:04.384
Ngokubuka kokuqala, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi iBig Pharma
iqinile kangakanani ekugcineni ukulawula imakethe yezokwelapha.

19:04.384 --> 19:07.082
Umbhalo womthetho ufunda kanje:

19:07.082 --> 19:15.619
Isicelo sokuyeka noma sokungathathi ukwelashwa
kwezokwelapha noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo siyahlawuliswa

19:15.619 --> 19:19.964
ngokuboshwa unyaka owodwa kanye nenhlawulo engu-€15,000.

19:19.964 --> 19:26.328
(…) Izijeziso ezifanayo zizosebenza
ekuphushweni kwemikhuba ekhombiswa njengokwelapha

19:26.328 --> 19:29.984
noma njengokuvimbela kulabo abathintekayo.

19:29.984 --> 19:41.005
nakuba kucacile, ngokwezimo zolwazi lwezokwelapha, ukuthi
lezi zenzo zibabeka engcupheni esheshayo yokufa noma yokulimala,

19:41.005 --> 19:45.700
okungaholela ekulimazeni okungapheli noma ekukhubazekeni.

19:45.700 --> 19:53.229
Uma ukuvukela okukhulunywe ngakho ezigabeni ezimbili
zokuqala sekwenziwe, izijeziso zizokhuphuka zibe

19:53.229 --> 19:59.843
iminyaka emithathu ejele kanye nenhlawulo engu-45 000 amayuro.

19:59.843 --> 20:04.289
Umthetho omusha uqinisekiswa ngala mazwi alandelayo:

20:04.289 --> 20:10.614
Ngenxa yokuthakazelela komphakathi izindlela
zokwelapha ezingekho ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwesayensi,

20:10.614 --> 20:16.678
ukufuna inhlalakahle nentuthuko yomuntu
siqu ngenxa yokwanda kwezifundo zokuqeqesha,

20:16.678 --> 20:19.397
ezinganiki izitifiketi ezamukelwe ngumbuso

20:19.397 --> 20:27.421
Iziguli zingahle zihlukunyezwe noma zibekwe ekuxhatshazweni
kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nezinkolo.

20:27.421 --> 20:31.260
Iphephandaba laseFrance i-L'Express lengeza:

20:31.260 --> 20:36.323
Lokhu kwanele ukuphendula ezimweni eziningi lapho abantu,

20:36.323 --> 20:40.967
abakhuluma ngamaqhinga omfihlo kanye nezinhlobo
ezahlukene zokwelashwa okungajwayelekile,

20:40.967 --> 20:45.268
njengokungathathi ukwelashwa komdlavuza, isibonelo.

20:45.268 --> 20:49.842
Incwadi yokuchaza icacisa izizathu
zangempela zomkhandlu womthetho waseFrance:

20:49.842 --> 20:55.480
Umthetho uhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani
yemithi ingaqhubeka nokwandisa ukulawula kwayo.

20:55.480 --> 21:01.321
Noma ubani ophakamisa ungunyango ohlukile
ongavunywanga ngokwesayensi noma ongahambisani

21:01.321 --> 21:05.120
nesimo solwazi lwezokwelapha kufanele athulwe.

21:05.120 --> 21:08.288
Sesivele siqhelene nendlela
yokwenza lokhu kusukela kuMbiko kaFlexner.

21:08.288 --> 21:13.252
Umbuzo: Kungani i-Big Pharma ifuna ukuyala,
futhi uma kudingeka, ngisho nokuphikisa intando

21:13.252 --> 21:16.417
yakho yakho ukuze "inakekele inhlalakahle yakho"?

21:16.417 --> 21:23.757
Kungaba yini ngempela okuphambene
ngokuphelele ne-'ububele nempilo' kubo bonke?

21:23.757 --> 21:25.046
Isikhombisa.

21:25.046 --> 21:29.597
Ucwaningo lwezikhali eziphilayo ngamanga

21:29.597 --> 21:35.582
Engxoxweni, udokotela nomphathi uHeiko
Schöning uveza uhlangothi oluthakazelisayo kakhulu:

21:35.582 --> 21:40.462
Uxhumanisa ngqo ucwaningo
lomdlavuza nocwaningo lwezikhali eziphilayo.

21:40.462 --> 21:43.756
Manje bukela izingcezu ezimfushane zohlelo.

21:43.756 --> 21:47.440
Kodwa manje sesikwixesha lezikhali zebhayoloji.

21:47.440 --> 21:50.196
Lena intuthuko yobuchwepheshe iyenzeka.

21:50.196 --> 21:58.486
Futhi lapho sibuyela khona, sibona ukuthi yebo, ngo-1972
kwakukhona ukuvinjelwa okusemthethweni kwezikhali eziphilayo.

21:58.486 --> 22:03.435
Bekungavunyelwe ukuthi
zisetshenziswe, zikhiqizwe noma zigcinwe, nhlobo.

22:03.435 --> 22:08.080
Okuthakazelisayo, lokhu kwathiwa
nguMongameli wase-United States uRichard Nixon.

22:08.080 --> 22:17.308
Okubhalwe kahle kuphela ukuthi uRichard Nixon wayengumkhohlisi
ongcono kakhulu ku-mafia yobugebengu obuhlelekile yomhlaba wonke.

22:17.308 --> 22:20.800
Igama lakhe elisemthethweni lokubiza
laliyibizwa nangokuthi uTricky Dick.

22:20.800 --> 22:27.320
Yebo, futhi uNixon empeleni wafihla nje waphinde wabiza
kabusha ucwaningo lwezikhali zebhayoloji e-United States.

22:27.320 --> 22:31.842
Enye yezindawo eziyinhloko kwakunguFort Detrick e-United States.

22:31.842 --> 22:37.522
Kwenzekeni kubo bonke labo bacwaningi
bezikhali zebhayoloji kanye nezikhungo nezakhiwo?

22:37.522 --> 22:39.877
Basanda ukubizwa ngamagama amasha. Kwakukhona uphawu olusha.

22:39.877 --> 22:48.086
Kanti-ke uphawu lwalibhalwe ukuthi
NCI – Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yomdlavuza.

22:48.086 --> 22:50.065
Kufanele ngempela uqonde lokho.

22:50.065 --> 22:56.046
Abacwaningi abafanayo nezakhiwo ezifanayo zisekhona lapho,
futhi manje sekuyicwaningo lomdlavuza ngokusemthethweni.

22:56.046 --> 22:57.692
Ukuma okufushane:

22:57.692 --> 23:02.544
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kwabekwa ukuvinjelwa
ocwaningweni lwezikhali eziphilayo, kuhulumeni

23:02.544 --> 23:05.862
waseMelika kwagunyazwa uMthetho Kazwelonke We-Kanser.

23:05.862 --> 23:12.940
UMongameli Nixon wathembisa izigidigidi
eziyisikhombisa zamadola zokulwa nomdlavuza ngo-1976.

23:12.940 --> 23:20.067
I-National Cancer Institute (NCI) yaba, ngokushesha nje, eyona
inkulu futhi enethonya kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhungo zezempilo

23:20.067 --> 23:23.774
zase-US – noma, ngempela, izikhungo zezikhali eziphilayo.

23:23.774 --> 23:25.363
Schöning uyaqhubeka:

23:25.363 --> 23:27.994
Yini izikhali eziphilayo?

23:27.994 --> 23:29.879
Lezi ziyizibulali zamangqamuzana.

23:29.879 --> 23:32.613
Yini izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza?

23:32.613 --> 23:34.060
Izibulali-seli

23:34.060 --> 23:39.420
Futhi yini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa
kwezikhali eziphilayo nocwaningo lomdlavuza?

23:39.420 --> 23:42.833
Izibhalo ezahlukene

23:42.833 --> 23:47.123
Futhi yilokho kanye uNixon akwenzile.

23:47.123 --> 23:51.106
Bashintshe nje uphawu eFort Detrick kusuka ku
"Ucwaningo Lwezikhali Zobhayoloji" baya ku

23:51.106 --> 23:54.112
"Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Socwaningo Lomdlavuza."

23:54.112 --> 23:56.910
Babukeli abathandekayo, into eyodwa kumele icace kithi:

23:56.910 --> 24:00.885
Izikhali eziphilayo ngokuvamile
zakhelwe ukubulala ngokungabonakali!

24:00.885 --> 24:04.808
Singalindela ini ezikhungweni zezikhali
zebhayoloji – ngiyaxolisa, ezikhungweni

24:04.808 --> 24:07.762
zocwaningo lomdlavuza – esikhathini esizayo esiseduze?

24:07.762 --> 24:09.362
Schöning uyaqhubeka:

24:09.362 --> 24:15.322
Futhi esinye isibonelo sokumboza kwakuthi laba
bacwaningi bezikhali eziphilayo ngokuzumayo bachitha

24:15.322 --> 24:19.110
iminyaka eminingi becwaninga umuthi wokugoma umdlavuza.

24:19.110 --> 24:21.701
Lokho manje sekukhohlwe futhi.

24:21.701 --> 24:30.665
Futhi manje, ukuze siqhubeke nalokho, sizwa namuhla:
imijovo ye-mRNA, yebo, empeleni izindlela zokwelapha izakhi

24:30.665 --> 24:36.454
zofuzo ezisazama ukwelapha umdlavuza, manje sezithengiswa kithi.

24:36.454 --> 24:41.965
Nansi-ke, ngemva kwenhlekelele yezitofu zokugoma
ze-Covid ezithi i-mRNA, manje izitofu zokugoma

24:41.965 --> 24:46.129
umdlavuza ze-mRNA nazo sezizomakethwa emphakathini jikelele.

24:46.129 --> 24:52.998
Ubugebengu bokugoma i-Covid obuneziphumo ezibhubhisayo,
njengokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza osheshayo, abukakaxazululwa.

24:52.998 --> 24:58.362
Ohlelweni lwayo olubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuqhuma komdlavuza we-turbo
ngemva kokugonywa nge-coronavirus",

24:58.362 --> 25:04.140
i-Kla.TV ichaze uxhumano phakathi kokugonywa
kwe-mRNA namathumba akhula ngokushesha kakhulu.

25:04.140 --> 25:07.851
Futhi manje sekutholakala imijovo emisha ye-mRNA.

25:07.851 --> 25:15.595
Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi ukwethenjwa kwabantu
kwezokwelapha ezisekelwe emishanguzweni kwehla ngokushesha!

25:15.595 --> 25:17.772
Ukuphetha:

25:19.712 --> 25:21.066
Okokuqala.

25:21.066 --> 25:26.680
Abantu abangenamgomo futhi abafuna imali namandla
njengabakwa-Rockefeller & Co. basungule izisekelo zemboni

25:26.680 --> 25:30.312
yezemithi yanamuhla kanye nohlelo lwethu lwezempilo.

25:30.312 --> 25:31.535
2.

25:31.535 --> 25:38.540
Kusukela ekuqaleni, babehlosile ukuthola ukulawula
okuphelele ekuqeqeshweni kwezokwelapha nasensayensini.

25:38.540 --> 25:40.102
Kuthathu.

25:40.102 --> 25:47.665
Kusukela ekuqaleni, ucwaningo ozimele luphikiswe
ngokuphelele, ngisho nasezikhathini lapho lubonisa ithemba.

25:47.665 --> 25:49.180
Mine.

25:49.180 --> 25:55.251
Isithombe somnikeli samasangano nezikhungo
eziphethwe ngabacebile kakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukufihla

25:55.251 --> 25:59.884
izinhloso zabo zangempela: ukwandisa amandla nokulawula.

25:59.884 --> 26:00.974
Hlanu.

26:00.974 --> 26:06.576
Naphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, izinga
lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza liyaqhubeka likhuphuka.

26:06.576 --> 26:08.325
Isithupha.

26:08.325 --> 26:11.962
Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ucwaningo
lomdlavuza olunamabhajethi amakhulu lusetshenziswa

26:11.962 --> 26:13.746
futhi ukwenza ucwaningo ngezikhali eziphilayo.

26:13.746 --> 26:18.900
Izikhali eziphilayo ngokuvamile zakhelwe
ukubulala ngokungabonakali nangobukhulu obukhulu!

26:18.900 --> 26:20.671
Isikhombisa.

26:20.671 --> 26:25.778
Namuhla sesifike endaweni lapho izakhamuzi
zisongelwa yidiktatshi kwezempilo kanye nezinyathelo

26:25.778 --> 26:29.589
zezokwelapha eziphoqelekile eziyingozi kakhulu.

26:29.589 --> 26:37.700
Imboni yezemithi, elawulwa amaRockefeller
aleli zwe, isiphenduka umdlavuza wangempela.

26:37.700 --> 26:43.225
Sizibuza: Ingabe izitatimende
ezisemthethweni ngocwaningo lomdlavuza zingaba yiqiniso?

26:43.225 --> 26:49.790
Lapho izimali ezinkulu sezifakiwe kuyo cishe iminyaka
eyikhulu, kodwa impumelelo encane kakhulu ifinyelelwe?

26:49.790 --> 26:56.384
Impumelelo yokwelapha ibonakala incane kakhulu uma
iqhathaniswa, kodwa iyokwanele ukugcina ithemba liphila.

26:56.384 --> 27:00.600
Imibiko eqhubekayo yokuthi kunethemba lokuthola umuthi
wokwelapha umdlavuza iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhamba

27:00.600 --> 27:04.200
okukhulu kwemali ocwaningweni olungabazekayo akusoze kwomile.

27:04.200 --> 27:10.598
Inhlangano yezemithi esiba ngokweqile futhi
ebusayo iyabonakala njengomdlavuza wangempela.

27:10.598 --> 27:12.860
Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuthola iqiniso.

27:12.860 --> 27:16.334
Khomba izimbangela nabahlinzeki
ekunyukeni okuqhubekayo kwezinga lomdlavuza.

27:16.334 --> 27:22.440
Abazenzeli abazuza ngobuthi ekudleni, emoyeni, emhlabathini,
emanzini nasemikhiqizweni yezemithi kumele baphenywe.

27:22.440 --> 27:29.479
Yonke imilo yokubusa ngobuzali eyenziwa yi-WHO elawulwa
izinkampani zemithi kanye nezinceku zayo kumele imiswe!
