WEBVTT 00:00.384 --> 00:08.326 Tun watan Oktoba na shekarar 2023, Brazil na fuskantar barkewar zazzaɓin dengue mafi girma a duk faɗin ƙasar a tarihin ta. 00:08.326 --> 00:14.188 Kusan dukkan jihohi sun shafa, kuma an ayyana yanayin gaggawa a yankuna da dama. 00:14.188 --> 00:20.654 Jaridar yau da kullum ta Birtaniya, Financial Times, ta ruwaito a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024 cewa an 00:20.654 --> 00:24.935 samu rikodin kamuwa da cuta miliyan 5.5 zuwa yanzu. 00:24.935 --> 00:31.243 Zazzabin dengue, wanda zai iya haifar da zazzabi mai tsanani, ciwon tsoka da zubar jini a cikin jiki, ya riga ya 00:31.243 --> 00:35.278 yi sanadin mutuwar fiye da mutane 3,200 a wannan shekara. 00:35.278 --> 00:41.946 Kamar yadda aka sani tsawon shekaru, ana sakin sauro da aka gyara a dakunan gwaje-gwaje a kasashe daban-daban a 00:41.946 --> 00:46.670 duniya, musamman a Brazil, domin yaki da cututtuka masu yaduwa. 00:46.670 --> 00:54.115 A bara, Shirin Cizon Sauna na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya sanar da shirin sakin biliyoyin saunuka da aka haɓɓaka 00:54.115 --> 00:58.685 a wurare daban-daban a Brazil cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. 00:58.685 --> 01:04.828 Hanyar binciken da aka yi amfani da ita tana haɗa kamuwa da cizon sauro masu launin zaki na Asiya da kwayar 01:04.828 --> 01:10.901 cuta ta Wolbachia wadda ke faruwa a halitta, sannan a sake su cikin al'ummar sauro na asali. 01:10.901 --> 01:18.811 Ana nufin kwayar cuta ta Wolbachia don hana yaduwar cututtukan dengue, Zika da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta daga sauro zuwa 01:18.811 --> 01:23.486 sauran sauro, kuma daga nan zuwa ga mutanen da ke kewaye. 01:23.486 --> 01:32.688 Hukumar kiwon lafiya ta Brazil ta riga ta gwada sakin sauro na dakin gwaje-gwaje a manyan birane biyar a Brazil. 01:32.688 --> 01:35.305 Amma menene sakamakon wannan sakin? 01:35.305 --> 01:46.395 Aƙalla, ƙididdigar yanzu sun nuna a fili cewa ba a samu raguwar yawan cutar zazzabin dengue ba, sai dai karuwar tarihi. 01:46.395 --> 01:52.281 Duba baya ga abin da ya gabata ya nuna cewa ayyukan bincike na baya da aka yi niyyar sarrafa cututtukan kamuwa da cuta ta 01:52.281 --> 01:55.822 amfani da sauro da aka gyara halittarsu ba su yi nasara ba. 01:55.822 --> 02:01.927 Alal misali, tsakanin 2013 da 2015, kamfanin kimiyyar halittu na Birtaniya Oxitec ya saki sama da 02:01.927 --> 02:06.240 miliyan 12 na sauro da aka gyara halittarsu a Brazil. 02:06.240 --> 02:15.667 Manufar wannan gwajin a filin a wancan lokacin ita ce rage yawan ƙudan zuma mai cizon zazzabin dengue, Aedes aegypti. 02:15.667 --> 02:23.760 Sai dai, bayan watanni 30, an kuma gano canje-canjen gado a kashi har zuwa 60% na sauro na yankin. 02:23.760 --> 02:29.304 Amma ba wannan kadai ba ne: raguwar yawan sauro mai ɗaukar cutar taiger da aka samu a farko ta 02:29.304 --> 02:32.906 koma matakin da take a kai kafin bayan watanni 18. 02:32.906 --> 02:41.700 An samu haɗuwa tsakanin sauro na halitta da na gyara halitta, wanda ya haifar da yawan sauro mai ƙarfi fiye da kafin sakin. 02:41.700 --> 02:49.950 Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa sauro suna da yiwuwar ɗaukar cututtuka kafin da bayan gwajin. 02:49.950 --> 02:54.624 Ko da yake gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar zuwa yanzu sun gaza gaba ɗaya wajen cimma burinsu, ba a 02:54.624 --> 02:58.167 dakatar da samarwa a masana'antun sauro a Brazil ba. 02:58.167 --> 03:05.409 Wannan yana haifar da tambaya kan menene muradun da ke bayan ayyukan binciken da kuma wanene ke tallafawa aiwatar da su. 03:05.409 --> 03:12.694 A shekarar 2019, Shirin Cizon Sauro na Duniya ya sanar a shafinsa na yanar gizo cewa Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates da 03:12.694 --> 03:21.162 Wellcome Trust sun bayar da dala miliyan 50 a matsayin tallafin kudi ga aikin bincike da ya shafi kwayar cutar Wolbachia. 03:21.162 --> 03:27.326 Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates ta ba da tallafin kudi don bincike kan allurar rigakafin dengue tun a shekarar 2003. 03:27.326 --> 03:32.614 An kera allurar rigakafin ne ta kamfanin magunguna na Japan, Takeda, wanda shi ma ya 03:32.614 --> 03:36.378 karɓi dubban miliyoyin fam daga Gidauniyar Gates. 03:36.378 --> 03:41.313 Amma ba Bill Gates kadai ba ne; wasu kungiyoyi ma suna tallafawa ayyukan bincike da suka 03:41.313 --> 03:44.420 shafi kwari da aka gyara a dakin gwaje-gwaje. 03:44.420 --> 03:52.491 Alal misali, ƙungiyar Management Sciences for Health tuni ta fara wani bincike a shekarar 2022 don gano waɗanne 03:52.491 --> 03:59.737 ƙasashe a duniya za su yarda su biya don amfani da sabon kwayar cuta mai suna Wolbachia. 03:59.737 --> 04:05.713 A cewar bayanan kanta, Management Sciences for Health tana samun goyon baya daga kungiyoyi 04:05.713 --> 04:10.115 daban-daban, jami'o'i da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. 04:10.115 --> 04:18.076 Daga cikin wasu: Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates kamfanin magunguna da fasahar halittu na Pfizer kamfanin magunguna na 04:18.076 --> 04:24.350 Asiya na Takeda, wanda ke kera alluran rigakafin cutar zazzabin dengue shirin kiwon lafiya na 04:24.350 --> 04:29.320 duniya Unitaid da Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya 04:29.320 --> 04:37.099 Duba ga cibiyar kimiyya ta Brazil, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ a takaice), wadda ke ingiza samar da 04:37.099 --> 04:45.183 sauro, kuma tana bayyana wata hanyar dangantaka mai ban mamaki da kungiyoyi da jami'o'i iri-iri. 04:45.183 --> 04:52.234 Misalai masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da: Bankin Duniya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Asusun Kula da Yara na Majalisar 04:52.234 --> 04:57.877 Dinkin Duniya, ko UNICEF a takaice Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya 04:57.877 --> 05:03.823 Kamar yadda kallon Brazil ya nuna, ba a dakatar da ayyukan bincike da suka shafi sauro da aka gyara a dakin 05:03.823 --> 05:07.633 gwaje-gwaje ba, duk da an san cewa ba su cimma burinsu ba. 05:07.633 --> 05:15.267 Duk da rashin samun nasara da rashin wani raguwar cututtukan da ke yaduwa, ana sakin ƙarin biliyoyin sauro, 05:15.267 --> 05:23.100 wanda ke haifar da manyan kuɗaɗen kashe kuɗi da ƙaruwa a yawan rashin lafiya da mutuwar mutane. 05:23.100 --> 05:25.795 Menene ke bayan wannan tsarin tattalin arziki? 05:25.795 --> 05:30.891 Shin ya kamata a yi amfani da sauro a matsayin makamin yaki kan bil'adama a nan gaba? 05:30.891 --> 05:38.531 Anan akwai ƙarshe guda ɗaya: mutane a ƙasashen da ake sakin sauro suna sha mummunan lahani. 05:38.531 --> 05:44.738 A watan Yuli 2023, wanda ya kafa Kla.TV, Ivo Sasek, ya yi gargaɗi game da ƙaruwa a duniya baki ɗaya na 05:44.738 --> 05:49.092 sakin sauro da aka yi wa gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta. 05:49.092 --> 05:54.965 Saboda abubuwan da ke faruwa a Brazil a halin yanzu, Kla.TV na sake yada jawabin da ya yi a wancan lokacin. 05:54.965 --> 05:59.597 Ku saurari waɗannan abubuwan mamaki masu zuwa, da kuma wasu mafita na farko masu ban mamaki.