1 00:00:02,024 --> 00:00:00,001 2 00:00:00,001 --> 00:00:07,782 Ho putlama ha banka e kgolo ya Switzerland, Credit Suisse, le dibanka tsa Amerika, Signature, Silvergate le Silicon Valley 3 00:00:07,782 --> 00:00:11,780 Bank (SVB), ho tsitsipantse mebaraka ya ditjhelete ka 2023. 4 00:00:11,780 --> 00:00:15,939 Sesosa se seholo sa sena e bile leano la lichelete la US Federal Reserve . 5 00:00:15,939 --> 00:00:22,143 Qetellong ea 2021, ECB e phahamisitse litefello tsa tsoala ka tsela e makatsang, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho theoheng ha theko 6 00:00:22,143 --> 00:00:26,685 ea li-bond tsa 'muso, litahlehelo tse kholo khoebong ea libanka ea ho alima le ho hirisa, 'me 7 00:00:26,685 --> 00:00:30,430 qetellong ho putlameng ha libanka tse boletsoeng ka holimo. 8 00:00:30,430 --> 00:00:36,665 Ka hona, leano la lichelete la Fed le felisitse ka ho feletseng chelete e makatsang e ka bang lidolara tsa Amerika tse trilione 9 00:00:36,665 --> 00:00:40,700 tse 1.9 ho pholletsa le tsamaiso eohle ea libanka tsa Amerika. 10 00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:45,976 E le karabelo bothateng ba tsamaiso ea lichelete boo e neng e iketselitse bona le tšokelo ea hore libanka tse ling 11 00:00:45,976 --> 00:00:51,717 tsa US li ka oa, Fed e ile ea qala Lenaneo la Tlatsetso ea Nakoana ea Lichelete bakeng sa Libanka (BTFP). 12 00:00:51,717 --> 00:00:58,041 Lenaneo lena le ile la dumella dibanka tsa US ho fumana ditjhelete tsa Fed ka kotloloho ka dikadimo, ka hona la 13 00:00:58,041 --> 00:01:02,293 rarolla mathata a tsona a ho haella ha tjhelete ka kgutso. 14 00:01:02,293 --> 00:01:09,189 Sena se kokobelitse tsietsi mme sa dumella Fed ho boela e iponahatsa e le mmoloki ya matla wa tsamaiso ya ditjhelete. 15 00:01:09,189 --> 00:01:13,924 Leha ho le jwalo, sena ha se a ka sa rarolla mathata a lekala la dibanka la US. 16 00:01:13,924 --> 00:01:17,851 Hona jwale, e bile e tobane le qaka ya nalane! 17 00:01:17,851 --> 00:01:23,786 Sheba ka tlase bakeng sa kakaretso ea bophara le boholo ba qaka ena, karolo e phethiloeng 18 00:01:23,786 --> 00:01:27,927 ke Fed, le sepheo sa eona le semelo sa eona. 19 00:01:27,927 --> 00:01:32,940 I. Bothata bo boholo ba nalane lekaleng la libanka la US 20 00:01:32,940 --> 00:01:37,526 1. Bothata bo tebileng 'marakeng oa thepa ea khoebo oa US 21 00:01:37,526 --> 00:01:41,954 Kajeno, ho na le libanka tse fetang 4,000 naheng ea United States, empa ke tse makholo a 22 00:01:41,954 --> 00:01:44,784 seng makae feela tse ka nkoang li phetse hantle. 23 00:01:44,784 --> 00:01:48,205 Bongata bo boholo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, bo eme hantle moeling oa koluoa. 24 00:01:48,205 --> 00:01:54,600 Lebaka le ka sehloohong la sena ke ho putlama ha litheko tsa meaho ea khoebo ka tekanyo e sa tloaelehang nalaneng. 25 00:01:54,600 --> 00:02:02,628 Mehlala e latelang e bontša hore na ho theoha hona ho bohlokoa hakae: Prime Manhattan Office Tower e mekato e 23 e New York, e 26 00:02:02,628 --> 00:02:09,255 neng e lekantsoe ka boleng ba $ milione ka 2019, hona joale e jere boleng ba $104 milione feela – e leng 27 00:02:09,255 --> 00:02:14,100 tahlehelo ea boleng ka 51.6 lekholong ka lilemo tse hlano feela. 28 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:19,549 St. Louis, moaho o molelele ka ho fetisisa oa liofisi – AT&T Tower ea mekato e 44 – o 29 00:02:19,549 --> 00:02:22,873 rekisitsoe ka lidolara tse limilione tse 3.5. 30 00:02:22,873 --> 00:02:28,583 Ka 2006, thepa ena e babatsehang e ne e ntse e bitsa $1,234,321,205, e leng se 31 00:02:28,583 --> 00:02:33,271 bontshang tahlehelo e tshosang ya 98% ya boleng! 32 00:02:33,271 --> 00:02:40,769 Barry Sternlicht, motseteli oa meaho ea ruileng haholo, o boletse esale pele tahlehelo ea lidolara tse trilione e le 'ngoe meahong 33 00:02:40,769 --> 00:02:44,849 ea liofisi ea US feela, ka lebaka la ho theoha hona ha litheko. 34 00:02:44,849 --> 00:02:50,896 Litahlehelo tsena li fumaneha haholo libukeng tsa libanka tse nyane le tse mahareng tsa US, tseo hona joale li lutseng ka 35 00:02:50,896 --> 00:02:56,343 holim'a lithaba tsa likalimo tse mpe, tseo 30% ho isa ho 50% ea tsona li kotsing e kholo ea ho se lefshoe, ho 36 00:02:56,343 --> 00:02:59,848 latela setsebi sa litšepe tsa bohlokoa Dominik Kettner. 37 00:02:59,848 --> 00:03:07,181 Ho feta moo, likalimo tsa thepa ea khoebo tse etsang kakaretso ea lidolara tsa Amerika tse libilione tse 560 li tla felloa ke 38 00:03:07,181 --> 00:03:14,820 nako mafelong a 2025, 'me mafelong a 2028, palo ena e tla nyolohela ho feta lidolara tsa Amerika tse litrilione tse 2.8. 39 00:03:14,820 --> 00:03:18,907 Sena se bolela hore mekhatlo ea kalimo ea lichelete naheng ea USA le eona e tobane le leqhubu la ho 40 00:03:18,907 --> 00:03:21,705 nchafatsa likalimo ka tekanyo e sa tloaelehang nalaneng. 41 00:03:21,705 --> 00:03:28,947 Sena se bolela hore thepa e amehileng e tlameha ho nchafatsoa kalimo ka lipehelo tse mpe haholo. Haeba sena se sa atlehe, e 42 00:03:28,947 --> 00:03:34,363 tlameha ho rekisoa ka theolelo e kholo, e leng se bakang tahlehelo e ts'wanang ho libanka, e 43 00:03:34,363 --> 00:03:37,846 ka lebisang ho putlameng ha tsamaiso ea libanka. 44 00:03:37,846 --> 00:03:42,823 Ha ho e-s'o ka ho e-ba le boemo bo tšoanang 'marakeng oa lichelete pele. 45 00:03:42,823 --> 00:03:47,533 2. Bothata 'marakeng oa li-bond oa US 46 00:03:47,533 --> 00:03:54,961 Ntle le tsietsi e teng 'marakeng oa thepa ea khoebo oa US, ho na le bokoala bo bong bo ntseng bo ipopa 'marakeng oa li-bond. 47 00:03:54,961 --> 00:04:03,183 Dintlha tsa tswala tse ntseng di nyoloha di bakile boemo mona bo bileng bo ka sisinya tsamaiso yohle ya dibanka. 48 00:04:03,183 --> 00:04:07,819 Ba ile ba bula menyetla e mecha e hohelang ea matsete, e leng se neng se bolela hore li-bond 49 00:04:07,819 --> 00:04:11,456 tsa mmuso oa US li ne li se li sa batloe hakaalo. 50 00:04:11,456 --> 00:04:19,021 Ka lebaka leo, boleng ba tsona bo ile ba theoha haholo, ho siea libanka tsa US li na le tahlehelo 51 00:04:19,021 --> 00:04:25,127 e kholo e e-s'o bonahale e kaalo ka $516 bilione. 52 00:04:25,127 --> 00:04:30,666 Ha feela libanka li tshwere dibonto tsena, ditahlehelo di dula e le tsa pampiri feela. 53 00:04:30,666 --> 00:04:38,190 Leha ho le jwalo, haeba, mohlala, bareki ba ntsha dipolokelo tsa bona kapa dibanka di qobelleha ho rekisa dibonto 54 00:04:38,190 --> 00:04:46,178 tsena ka mabaka a mang, ditahlehelo di fetoha tsa nnete mme di ka boela tsa baka ho putlama ha dibanka. 55 00:04:46,178 --> 00:04:50,194 3. Fed e fedisa Lenaneo la Tjhelete ya Nako ya Banka. 56 00:04:50,194 --> 00:04:54,652 Hantle ha qaka e bohlokoa ea libanka le lichelete e ne e atamela, Banka e Bohareng ea Amerika (US Federal Reserve) e 57 00:04:54,652 --> 00:04:59,733 felisitse Lenaneo la Tšehetso ea Lichelete bakeng sa Libanka (Bank Term Funding Programme - BTFP) ka la 11 Hlakubele. 58 00:04:59,733 --> 00:05:05,075 Ka lenaneo lena, Banka e Kakaretso e ne e se e sebelisitse lidolara tsa Amerika tse fetang dibilione tse 59 00:05:05,075 --> 00:05:10,429 160 ho banka tse kopileng, ka selemo se le seng feela, e ntse e ba fa ditjhelete ka kgutso. 60 00:05:10,429 --> 00:05:15,520 Libanka li ile tsa khona ho sebelisa dibonto tsa tsona e le tebeletso, tse neng di lekantswe ka boleng ba tsona bo 61 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:18,440 ngotsweng ho ena le ka boleng ba tsona ba jwale ba mmaraka. 62 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:23,584 Ka tsela ena, litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho nyoloha ha sekhahla sa tsoala, 'me ka holim'a tsohle, ho theoha ha boleng 63 00:05:23,584 --> 00:05:29,725 'marakeng oa li-bond oa US, li ile tsa lekanngoa ka ho feletseng bakeng sa libanka, e leng se ileng sa li pholosa ho putlama. 64 00:05:29,725 --> 00:05:36,544 Ka ho fela ha BTFP, libanka ka hona ha li a amohuoa feela phihlello e bonolo ea lichelete, mohlala, ho thibela ho 65 00:05:36,544 --> 00:05:44,722 phatloha ha sephiri sa thekiso ea meaho ea khoebo ea US, empa hape li bile li amohuoa litahlehelo 'marakeng oa libonto tsa US. 66 00:05:44,722 --> 00:05:49,780 Ho feta moo, sekhahla sa tshepe, se ntseng se le hodimo, jwale se se se na le tshusumetso e kgolo dibankeng 67 00:05:49,780 --> 00:05:54,801 hape, e leng ntho e ka bakang ka ho feletseng qaka e nngwe e tebileng le ho feta ya dibanka. 68 00:05:54,801 --> 00:06:00,767 Ka lebaka la boemo bo tsitsipanyang tsamaisong ea libanka ea US, mohlahlobi oa Mo-Canada le Mo-Ireland, 69 00:06:00,767 --> 00:06:06,660 Kevin O'Leary, o kholisehile hore libanka tse likete li tla putlama lilemong tse tlang. 70 00:06:06,660 --> 00:06:15,386 Kaha libanka lefatšeng ka bophara li hokahane haholo, sena se ka baka leqhubu le leholo la lichelete la lefats'e le qholotso ea 71 00:06:15,386 --> 00:06:20,675 moruo oa lefatše e neng e tla feta tsohle tse bileng teng pele. 72 00:06:20,675 --> 00:06:27,138 II. Fed – molisi tsamaisong ea lichelete le merero ea eona 73 00:06:27,138 --> 00:06:31,089 Ka ntle, Banka e Akaretsang ea Amerika e iponahatsa e le 'mampoli ea matla le ea 74 00:06:31,089 --> 00:06:33,980 mafolofolo oa tsamaiso ea lichelete e tsitsitseng. 75 00:06:33,980 --> 00:06:41,757 Empa e ipakile e le sethunya se hlollang tsamaisong ea lichelete, seo, ho ea ka setsebi sa lichelete Ernst 76 00:06:41,757 --> 00:06:48,825 Wolff, ka boomo se bakileng bothata ba libanka ba 2023 le bothata bo tšohang hona joale. 77 00:06:48,825 --> 00:06:54,800 Ernst Wolff o bona dikgokahano tse latelang tse hlalosang hore na ke hobaneng ha Fed e etsa ka tsela ena: 78 00:06:54,800 --> 00:07:01,363 1. Kaha re se re le karolong ea ho qetela ea tsamaiso ea lichelete ea lefatše, libanka tse bohareng lefatšeng ka 79 00:07:01,363 --> 00:07:10,160 bophara li ntse li lokisetsa tsamaiso e ncha ea lichelete le ho hlahisa lichelete tsa dijithale tsa banka e bohareng (CBDCs). 80 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:17,077 2. Ka ho hlahisoa ha CBDC, tšebetso ea ho alima chelete e tla tlosoa libankeng tsa khoebo 'me ho lebelletsoe 81 00:07:17,077 --> 00:07:21,836 hore e etsoe feela ke banka e bohareng nakong e tlang. 82 00:07:21,836 --> 00:07:25,583 Sena se bolela hore ha ho sa na sebaka tsamaisong e ncha ea lichelete, haholo-holo 83 00:07:25,583 --> 00:07:28,501 bakeng sa libanka tse nyane le tse mahareng. 84 00:07:28,501 --> 00:07:33,402 Ke ka lebaka leo qaka e teng ea libanka e ntse e hlohleletsoa ka boomo e le ho 85 00:07:33,402 --> 00:07:38,012 potlakisa ts'ebetso ea kopano lefatšeng la libanka. 86 00:07:38,012 --> 00:07:44,475 3. Ba tla rua molemo ka ho fetisisa ho putlameng ha libanka ho tlang e tla ba libanka tse kholo 87 00:07:44,475 --> 00:07:48,986 tsa US tse kang Goldman Sachs le JP Morgan Chase. 88 00:07:48,986 --> 00:07:56,469 Ea morao e ne e se e rekile First Republic Bank ka 2023 ka theko e tlase haholo ho feta boleng ba eona. 89 00:07:56,469 --> 00:08:01,762 Libanka tsena tse kholo li tla sebelisa boemo bo bobe bo tlang ka tsela e tšoanang, li 90 00:08:01,762 --> 00:08:05,825 inkela thepa e kholo ka litheko tse tlase haholo. 91 00:08:05,825 --> 00:08:11,943 Sena, ka lehlakoreng le leng, se thusa batsamaisi ba baholo ba thepa ba kang BlackRock, Vanguard le State Street, bao 92 00:08:11,943 --> 00:08:19,118 e leng beng ba diabo ba ka sehloohong libankeng tse kholo tsa US le ba tsamaisang thepa ea barui ba fetisisang. 93 00:08:19,118 --> 00:08:26,799 Kaha ha ho letlole la tiisetso ea banka le nang le lisebelisoa tsa lichelete tse hlokahalang ho pholosa beng ba liakhaonto le ba 94 00:08:26,799 --> 00:08:34,360 boloketseng chelete ba tobaneng le ho timela ketsahalong e ka bang bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba libanka nalaneng eohle, 95 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:39,430 sena se ka ba motheo o loketseng bakeng sa ho hlahisoa ha CBDC. 96 00:08:39,430 --> 00:08:45,574 Ka ho sebedisa tjhelete ena e ntjha ho etsa ditefo tsa thuso hanghang, e ka tsebahatswa ka 97 00:08:45,574 --> 00:08:49,777 seriti se setle sa ho ba mohlodi wa tsamaiso. 98 00:08:49,777 --> 00:08:56,810 Ho latela lepetjo la Winston Churchill: "Le ka mohla o se ke wa tlohela qaka e fela!" 99 00:08:56,810 --> 00:09:00,736 III. Semelo sa US Federal Reserve 100 00:09:00,736 --> 00:09:07,618 Ho ya ka Ernst Wolff, ho bonahala Fed e ke ke ya emisa letho ho qobella tsamaiso e ntjha ya ditjhelete ya dijithale. 101 00:09:07,618 --> 00:09:14,364 E lokiselitsoe ho qobella libanka tse likete ho putlama ka lichelete le ho senya thepa ea boleng ba lidolara tse 102 00:09:14,364 --> 00:09:21,234 lidolara tse lidolara, e le ho hohela kapa ho qobella sechaba ho kena tsamaisong ena e ncha ea lichelete. 103 00:09:21,234 --> 00:09:25,566 Ba bonahalang ba rua molemo haholo ho sena ke barui ba fetisisang feela. 104 00:09:25,566 --> 00:09:31,965 Ho utlwisisa ka botebo hore na ke hobaneng ha Fed e sa sebeletse molemo wa setjhaba ka kakaretso, empa e 105 00:09:31,965 --> 00:09:37,385 tshehetsa sehlotshwana sena se senyenyane, ho bohlokwa ho tseba hore Fed ha se setsi sa mmuso. 106 00:09:37,385 --> 00:09:44,337 Ho ya ka Stephen Goodson, eo e neng e le motsamaisi wa Banka ya Polokelo ya Afrika Borwa mme ka hona e le motho wa ka hare-hare 107 00:09:44,337 --> 00:09:51,016 tsamaisong ya ditjhelete, Fed, jwalo ka hoo e ka bang dibanka tsohle tse bohareng lefatsheng ka bophara, hammoho le IMF le 108 00:09:51,016 --> 00:09:56,764 Banka ya Lefatshe, ke dibanka le mekgatlo e laolwang ke beng ba yona ba poraefete e etsang kgwebo ya yona 109 00:09:56,764 --> 00:10:00,033 feela molemong wa beng ba diabo le bathehi ba yona. 110 00:10:00,033 --> 00:10:04,910 Bukeng ea hae e hatisitsoeng, "The History of Central Banks," o boetse o bolela mabitso a 111 00:10:04,910 --> 00:10:07,660 beng ba diabo ba ka sehloohong ba Fed, mohlala. 112 00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:16,456 Libaanka tse latelang li kenetse, hammoho le malapa a matla a libanka a ka morao ho tsona: - JP Morgan Chase Bank - Goldman 113 00:10:16,456 --> 00:10:24,250 Sachs Bank of New York - Lazard Brothers Bank of Paris - Israel Moses Sieff Bank of Italy - Shearson American 114 00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:32,255 Express Bank - Libanka tsa Rothschild tsa London le Paris - Libanka tsa Warburg tsa Hamburg le Amsterdam 115 00:10:32,255 --> 00:10:37,360 Kahoo ke selekane se senyenyane sa batho ba ruileng ho feta tekano ba bakang qaka ea lijo-boemo ea lichelete ea ha joale. 116 00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:41,656 Ba batla ho tlatsa lipokotho tsa bona le ho re hohela tsamaisong ea bona e ncha ea lichelete ea 117 00:10:41,656 --> 00:10:44,843 dijithale, mohlomong e ipatile e le sephutheloana sa pholoso. 118 00:10:44,843 --> 00:10:52,056 Jwalokaha Kla.TV e se e bontshitse lenaneong "Ernst Wolff: Digital central bank money – the end of freedom!" , 119 00:10:52,056 --> 00:11:00,339 sena se etswa ka sepheo se le seng feela sa ho re laola ka ho feletseng le ho re amoha ditokoloho tsohle tsa rona. 120 00:11:00,339 --> 00:11:04,815 Sistimi ea lichelete e boetse e leba ho putlameng, 'me phokotso ea morao-rao ea sekhahla sa 121 00:11:04,815 --> 00:11:07,933 tsoala ea Fed e ke ke ea etsa letho ho fetola seo. 122 00:11:07,933 --> 00:11:14,014 Ho thata ho bolela hore ho putlama ho tla etsahala neng, empa ntho e le 'ngoe e tiile: bo-banka-ster, ba sebelisang matla a 123 00:11:14,014 --> 00:11:19,552 bona hampe ka matla a botlokotsebe a sa buuoeng e le hore ba bokelle leruo le matla a mangata le ho feta, ba tla 124 00:11:19,552 --> 00:11:25,865 etsa sohle se matleng a bona ho qoba ho pepesetsoa e le sesosa sa ho putlama ha lichelete hoo ba ho tlisitseng. 125 00:11:25,865 --> 00:11:31,824 Ka ho etsa jwalo, ba ka nna ba baka hore mathata a mang a mabe a mpefale le ho feta – ho kenyeletswa le dintwa 126 00:11:31,824 --> 00:11:36,563 tsa sesole tse seng di le teng, tseo hona jwale di ntseng di mpefala ka tsela e tshosang. 127 00:11:36,563 --> 00:11:42,173 Empa leha ba leka ka hohle ho etsa hore tjhelete ya bona e ntjha ya dijithale e re hohele, ka nnete 128 00:11:42,173 --> 00:11:45,860 ke leraba la Trojan mme e ke ke ya rarolla mathata. 129 00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:53,629 Tharollo ke ho etsa hore li-banksters tsena li ikarabelle e le sesosa sa mathata a moruo, le ho li amoha matla a tsona. 130 00:11:53,629 --> 00:11:59,627 Ho latela mookameli oa mehleng oa banka e bohareng Stephen Goodson, tšusumetso ea bona e thehiloe holim'a 131 00:11:59,627 --> 00:12:05,639 taba ea hore ba ikhapetse tokelo ea ho bopa chelete e se nang letho le ho e alima ka tsoala. 132 00:12:05,639 --> 00:12:11,745 Ba ile ba kgona ho etsa sena ka ho nka taolo ya dibanka tse kgolo tsa lefatshe. 133 00:12:11,745 --> 00:12:17,671 Ke ka lebaka leo ho hlokahalang "phokotso ea sekoloto sa lefatše", e leng ho hlakoloa ha likoloto tsohle tsa linaha tse 134 00:12:17,671 --> 00:12:23,747 hatelletsoeng, tse hlorotsoeng le tse nkileng thepa ka tsela e sebetsang ke libanka tse bohareng, IMF le Banka ea Lefatše, 135 00:12:23,747 --> 00:12:27,575 hammoho le ho khutlisetsoa ha lisebelisoa tsohle tse nketsoeng. 136 00:12:27,575 --> 00:12:34,280 Hobane feela jwalo ka ha dikadimo di ile tsa boptjwa ho tswa lefeela, dikoloto le tsona di tlameha ho nyamela ho tswa lefeela. 137 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:39,593 Haeba tokelo ya ho etsa tjhelete e ka kgutlisetswa ho batho le ho dinaha tse ikemetseng 138 00:12:39,593 --> 00:12:42,944 ka bomong, toro ena yohle e mpe e tla fela. 139 00:12:42,944 --> 00:12:49,181 Haholo-holo tsietsing ena ea lefats'e, nako e fihlile ea ho batla sena – haeba eseng hona joale, joale neng?