WEBVTT

00:00.001 --> 00:07.698
Ukuwa kwebhange elikhulu laseSwitzerland i-Credit Suisse
namabhange aseMelika i-Signature, i-Silvergate kanye ne-Silicon

00:07.698 --> 00:11.780
Valley Bank (SVB) kwashukumisa izimakethe zezimali ngo-2023.

00:11.780 --> 00:15.939
Isizathu esikhulu salokhu
kwakuwumgomo wemali we-US Federal Reserve .

00:15.939 --> 00:22.034
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-ECB yakhuphula kakhulu izinga lenzalo,
okwaholela ekwehleni kwentengo yamabondi kahulumeni,

00:22.034 --> 00:26.644
ekulahlekelweni okukhulu emkhakheni wamabhange
wokubolekisa nokuqasha, futhi ekugcineni

00:26.644 --> 00:30.430
kwaholela ekuweni kwamabhange akhulunywe ngawo ngenhla.

00:30.430 --> 00:36.518
Inqubomgomo yemali ye-Fed ngaleyo ndlela yachitha inani
elimangalisayo cishe lamadola aseMelika ayizigidigidi

00:36.518 --> 00:40.700
eziyi-1.9 kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda yamabhange aseMelika.

00:40.700 --> 00:47.488
Njengempendulo enkingeni ohlelweni lwezezimali eyayidalwe
yona uqobo kanye nesongo sokuthi amanye amabhange ase-US angawa,

00:47.488 --> 00:51.717
i-Fed yethule uhlelo lwe-Bank Term Funding Programme (BTFP).

00:51.717 --> 00:57.952
Lolu hlelo luvumele amabhange aseMelika ukuba athole
izimali ze-Fed ngqo ngemalimboleko, ngaleyo ndlela

00:57.952 --> 01:02.293
lulungisa ngokuthula izinkinga zawo zokuntuleka kwemali.

01:02.293 --> 01:09.189
Lokhu kwathulisa ingozi futhi kwavumela i-Fed ukuthi
iphinde iziveze njengomsindisi onamandla wohlelo lwezezimali.

01:09.189 --> 01:13.924
Nokho, lokhu akuzange, ngempela, kuxazulule
izinkinga emkhakheni wamabhange wase-United States.

01:13.924 --> 01:17.851
Njengamanje, isihlangabezana nengxabano yomlando!

01:17.851 --> 01:27.927
Bheka ngezansi ukubuka konke kobubanzi nobukhulu balolu
daba, indima edlalwe yi-Fed, kanye nezizathu nemvelaphi yalo.

01:27.927 --> 01:32.940
I. Inkinga yomlando emkhakheni wamabhange wase-US

01:32.940 --> 01:37.526
1. Inkinga emakethe yezakhiwo zokuhweba e-United States

01:37.526 --> 01:41.942
Namuhla, kunezibhange ezingaphezu kuka-4
000 e-United States, kodwa izinkulungwane

01:41.942 --> 01:44.784
ezimbalwa kuphela ezingabhekwa njengezempilo.

01:44.784 --> 01:48.205
Iningi elikhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi,
limi ngempela emngceleni wenhlekelele.

01:48.205 --> 01:54.600
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukudilika
kwamanani ezakhiwo zokuhweba ngosayizi womlando.

01:54.600 --> 02:02.719
Lezi zibonelo ezilandelayo ziveza ukuthi lokhu kwehla kubaluleke
kangakanani: I- 23-storey Prime Manhattan Office Tower eNew York,

02:02.719 --> 02:10.025
eyayilinganiselwa ku- 215 million dollars ngo-2019, manje
isiyigugu kuphela ku-104 million US dollars – ukulahlekelwa

02:10.025 --> 02:14.100
kwenani okungu-51.6 per cent eminyakeni emihlanu nje.

02:14.100 --> 02:19.077
E-St. Louis, isakhiwo sehhovisi esiphakeme
kunazo zonke – i-AT&T Tower enezitezi

02:19.077 --> 02:22.873
ezingama-44 – sathengiswa ngamadola ayizigidi ezi-3.5.

02:22.873 --> 02:33.271
Ngo-2006, le mpahla ebalulekile yayisabiza u-$1,234,321,205,
okubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwenani okumangazayo okungu-98%!

02:33.271 --> 02:40.604
U-Barry Sternlicht, umtshali-zimali wezindlu nomhlaba
ocebile kakhulu, wabikezela ukulahlekelwa okungu-US$1 trillion

02:40.604 --> 02:44.849
ngenxa yokwehla kwamanani ezakhiwo zamahhovisi e-US kuphela.

02:44.849 --> 02:51.266
Lezi zilahleko zivame kakhulu ezincwadini zezimali zamabhange
amancane naphakathi ase-US, asehleli entabeni yezikweletu

02:51.266 --> 02:56.334
ezingezinhle, okungu-30% kuya ku-50% wazo
esengcupheni enkulu yokwehluleka ukukhokha, ngokusho

02:56.334 --> 02:59.848
kochwepheshe wezinsimbi eziyigugu uDominik Kettner.

02:59.848 --> 03:07.064
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikweletu zezakhiwo zokuhweba eziyizigidigidi
ezingama-560 zamadola aseMelika zizophela ekupheleni

03:07.064 --> 03:14.820
kuka-2025, kanti ekupheleni kuka-2028 le nombolo izokhuphuka
iye ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-2.8 zamadola aseMelika.

03:14.820 --> 03:21.705
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhungo zezikweletu e-United States nazo
zibhekene negagasi lokuxhaswa kabusha ngemali ngosayizi womlando.

03:21.705 --> 03:28.425
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo ezithintekile kumele zithole
imali-mboleko entsha ngemibandela emibi kakhulu. Uma lokhu

03:28.425 --> 03:33.626
kwehluleka, kumele zithengiswe ngesaphulelo
esikhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okufanele

03:33.626 --> 03:37.846
kwamabhange, okungaholela ekudilikelweni kohlelo lwamabhange.

03:37.846 --> 03:42.823
Akukaze kube nesimo esifanayo emakethe yezimali ngaphambili.

03:42.823 --> 03:47.533
2. Inkinga emakethe yamabondi yase-US

03:47.533 --> 03:54.961
Ngaphezu kwenhlekelele emakethe yezakhiwo zokuhweba e-US, kunenye
ibhomu lesikhathi eliqhubeka nokubala emakethe yamabondi.

03:54.961 --> 04:03.183
Ukunyuka kwamazinga enzalo kudale isimo lapha
esingase siphinde sidudule yonke ingqalasizinda yamabhange.

04:03.183 --> 04:11.456
Bavula amathuba amasha okutshalwa kwezimali akhangayo, okusho
ukuthi izibopho zikahulumeni zaseMelika zazisadingeki kakhulu.

04:11.456 --> 04:18.393
Ngenxa yalokho, lahlekelwa inani ngokumangalisayo,
kwashiya amabhange aseMelika ehlezi entabeni

04:18.393 --> 04:25.127
yokulahlekelwa okungakadalulwa okungaphezu kuka-$516 billion.

04:25.127 --> 04:30.666
Njengoba amabhange ebambe lezi zibopho,
ukulahlekelwa kusalokhu kungokwephepha.

04:30.666 --> 04:38.067
Nokho, uma, isibonelo, amakhasimende ekhipha imali abayibekile
noma amabhangi ephoqeleka ukuthengisa lezi

04:38.067 --> 04:46.178
zibopho ngenxa yezinye izizathu, ukulahlekelwa kuba
ngokoqobo futhi kungabangela ukuwa kwamabhangi.

04:46.178 --> 04:50.194
3. I-Fed iphetha uhlelo lwe-Bank Term Funding Programme

04:50.194 --> 04:56.028
Njengoba inhlekelele yezimali nezamabhange eyayisondela,
i-Federal Reserve yase-United States yaphetha uhlelo

04:56.028 --> 04:59.733
lwe-Bank Term Funding Programme (BTFP) ngomhlaka 11 Mashi.

04:59.733 --> 05:06.324
Ngalesi simiso, i-Fed isichithe ngaphezu kwezigidi
ezingama-160 zamadola aseMelika kumabhange acelile ngonyaka

05:06.324 --> 05:10.429
owodwa kuphela, ihlinzeka ngokuthula ngezinsiza zezimali.

05:10.429 --> 05:15.454
Amabhange akwazi ukusebenzisa izibopho zawo
njengesiqinisekiso, ezazilinganiswa ngenani elibhalwe

05:15.454 --> 05:18.440
kuzo kunokuba zilinganiswe ngenani lamanje emakethe.

05:18.440 --> 05:25.459
Ngale ndlela, imiphumela engemihle yokunyuswa kwezinga
lenzalo, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kwenani emakethe yamabondi yase-US,

05:25.459 --> 05:29.725
yalungiswa ngokuphelele ezibhankini, yavikela ekuwohlokeni kwazo.

05:29.725 --> 05:36.612
Ngenxa yokuphela kwe-BTFP, amabhange-ke awazange alahlekelwe
kuphela ukufinyelela kalula ezimali, isibonelo

05:36.612 --> 05:44.722
ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwebhubhu yezakhiwo zokuhweba e-US, kodwa
futhi alahlekelwe izinkahlu emakethe yamabondi yase-US.

05:44.722 --> 05:51.007
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani enzalo, ahlala ephezulu, manje
sevele athinta ngokuphelele amabhange futhi, okungaba isisusa

05:51.007 --> 05:54.801
esinamandla sokubangela enye ingozi ebhange ebanzi kakhulu.

05:54.801 --> 06:02.315
Ngenxa yesimo esiphuthumayo ohlelweni lwamabhange e-United States,
umhlaziyi waseCanada nowase-Ireland uKevin O'Leary ukholelwa

06:02.315 --> 06:06.660
ukuthi izinkulungwane zamabhange zizowela eminyakeni ezayo.

06:06.660 --> 06:13.325
Njengoba amabhange emhlabeni wonke exhumene kakhulu, lokhu
kungaholela ku-tsunami enkulu yezimali

06:13.325 --> 06:20.675
emhlabeni jikelele kanye nenhlekelele yezomnotho
yomhlaba wonke ezodlula zonke ezake zenzeka.

06:20.675 --> 06:27.138
II. I-Fed – umshisi ohlelweni lwezezimali nezizathu zayo

06:27.138 --> 06:31.451
Ngaphandle, i-Federal Reserve yase-United
States izethula njengomvikeli oqotho futhi

06:31.451 --> 06:33.980
onamandla wohlelo lwezezimali oluzinzile.

06:33.980 --> 06:40.916
Kodwa sekuyavela ukuthi kuyisibhanxa sangempela ohlelweni
lwezezimali, olwathi, ngokuka-Ernst Wolff, uchwepheshe

06:40.916 --> 06:48.825
wezezimali, ngenhloso lwabangela kokubili inhlekelele
yamabhange ngo-2023 kanye nenhlekelele esisondelayo njengamanje.

06:48.825 --> 06:54.800
U-Ernst Wolff ubona lezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo
ezichaza ukuthi kungani i-Fed iziphatha ngale ndlela:

06:54.800 --> 07:01.843
1. Njengoba sisemzini wokugcina wohlelo lwezimali lomhlaba wonke,
amabhange aphakathi emhlabeni wonke

07:01.843 --> 07:10.160
alungiselela uhlelo olusha lwezimali nokwethulwa
kwemali yedijithali yebhange eliphakathi (CBDCs).

07:10.160 --> 07:16.952
2. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwe-CBDC, ukubolekwa kwezimali
kuzokhishwa emabhange ezohwebo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi

07:16.952 --> 07:21.836
kwenziwe kuphela ibhange eliphakathi esikhathini esizayo.

07:21.836 --> 07:28.501
Lokhu kusho ukuthi sekungasekho ndawo ohlelweni lwemali
olusha, ikakhulukazi kumabhange amancane naphakathi nendawo.

07:28.501 --> 07:38.012
Yingakho inkinga yamabhange ekhona ikhuthazwa ngenhloso ukuze
inqubo yokuhlanganiswa embonini yamabhange iqhube ngokushesha.

07:38.012 --> 07:44.211
3. Abazuzayo abakhulu ekudilikeneni okuzayo
kwamabhange bazoba amabhange amakhulu

07:44.211 --> 07:48.986
ase-US afana neGoldman Sachs neJP Morgan Chase.

07:48.986 --> 07:56.469
Le yokugcina yayivele ithenge i-First Republic
Bank ngo-2023 ngengxenye encane yexabiso layo.

07:56.469 --> 08:05.825
Lezi zebhange ezinkulu zizosebenzisa kahle ingozi ezayo ngendlela
efanayo, zithathe izimpahla ezinkulu ngamanani aphansi.

08:05.825 --> 08:12.201
Lokhu, ngokulandelana, kuyazuzisa abaphathi bezimpahla abakhulu
abafana neBlackRock, Vanguard kanye neState Street,

08:12.201 --> 08:19.118
abangabaninimasheya abakhulu emabhange amakhulu
ase-US futhi abaphatha izimpahla zabacebile kakhulu.

08:19.118 --> 08:27.501
4. Njengoba kungekho mkhumbi wesiqinisekiso sebhange onemali
eyanele yokusindisa abanikazi bama-akhawunti nabadephozithi

08:27.501 --> 08:34.487
ababhekene nokubhujiswa kulokho okungenzeka kube
yinkinga enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wamabhange,

08:34.487 --> 08:39.430
lokhu kungaba isisekelo esihle sokwethulwa kwe-CBDC.

08:39.430 --> 08:49.777
Ngokusebenzisa le mali entsha ukukhokha usizo ngokushesha,
ingethulwa ngomfanekiso omuhle njengomsindisi wohlelo.

08:49.777 --> 08:56.810
Ngokwethembeka kumgomo kaWinston Churchill:
"Ungake uvumele ingozi idlulele ingasetshenziswanga!"

08:56.810 --> 09:00.736
III. Umlando we-US Federal Reserve

09:00.736 --> 09:07.618
Ngokuka-Ernst Wolff, i-Fed ibonakala ingeke imise
lutho ukuze iphoqe uhlelo olusha lwezezimali lwedijithali.

09:07.618 --> 09:14.570
Kulungiselelwe ukuholela izinkulungwane zamabhange ekubhujisweni
kwezimali nokubhubhisa izigidigidi zamadola

09:14.570 --> 09:21.234
ezimpahleni ngenhloso yokuheha noma ukuphoqa
abantu ukuthi bangene kulesi simiso semali esisha.

09:21.234 --> 09:25.566
Abazuzayo ngempela kulokhu bangabacebile kakhulu kuphela.

09:25.566 --> 09:33.551
Ukuze siqonde ngokujulile ukuthi kungani i-Fed ingasebenzi
ngenhlalakahle yomphakathi kodwa isekela leli qembu elincane,

09:33.551 --> 09:37.385
kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-Fed ayiyona inhlangano kahulumeni.

09:37.385 --> 09:44.165
Ngokusho kukaStephen Goodson, owayengumqondisi weBhange Elikhulu
laseNingizimu Afrika futhi ngaleyo ndlela ongaphakathi

09:44.165 --> 09:51.059
ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwezezimali, i-Fed, njengazo zonke
izibhange ezinkulu cishe emhlabeni wonke, kanye ne-IMF neBhange

09:51.059 --> 09:56.358
Lomhlaba, ziyizinkampani nezikhungo ezilawulwa
ngabantu ngabanye futhi ezenza ibhizinisi lazo

09:56.358 --> 10:00.033
kuphela ukuze kuzuze abanini bamasheya nabasunguli bazo.

10:00.033 --> 10:07.660
Encwadini yakhe eshicilelwe ethi "Umlando Wamabhange Aphakathi,"
uphinde abize abaninimasheya abakhulu be-Fed, isibonelo.

10:07.660 --> 10:16.167
Amabhange alandelayo abambe iqhaza, kanye nemindeni yamabhange
abasemva kwawo: - Ibhange i-JP Morgan Chase - Ibhange i-Goldman

10:16.167 --> 10:23.526
Sachs yaseNew York - Ibhange i-Lazard Brothers yaseParis -
Ibhange i-Israel Moses Sieff yase-Italy - Shearson

10:23.526 --> 10:32.255
American Express Bank - Izibhange zakwaRothschild zaseLondon
naseParis - Izibhange zakwaWarburg zaseHamburg naseAmsterdam

10:32.255 --> 10:37.360
Ngakho-ke kuyisiyingi esincane sabantu abacebile
kakhulu abagqugquzela inkinga yamabhange yamanje.

10:37.360 --> 10:42.110
Bafuna ukugcwalisa izikhwama zabo futhi
basidonse ohlelweni lwabo olusha lwemali yedijithali,

10:42.110 --> 10:44.843
mhlawumbe befihla njengophakethe lokusindisa.

10:44.843 --> 10:51.763
Njengoba i-Kla.TV isivele ikhombise ohlelweni "Ernst Wolff: Imali
yebhange elikhulu yedijithali – ukuphela

10:51.763 --> 11:00.339
kwenkululeko!" , lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso eyodwa kuphela
yokusilawula ngokuphelele nokusisusa zonke izinkululeko zethu.

11:00.339 --> 11:04.862
Uhlelo lwezezimali luphinde luhamba ngqo
ekudilikeneni, futhi ngisho nokwehliswa kwamanani

11:04.862 --> 11:07.933
enzalo kwakamuva kwe-Fed ngeke kushintshe lokho.

11:07.933 --> 11:14.637
Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi ukuwa kuzokwenzeka nini, kodwa into
eyodwa iqinisekile: ama-banksters, asebenzisa igunya lawo

11:14.637 --> 11:20.335
ngamandla obugebengu angachazeki ukuze aqoqe ingcebo namandla
ngaphezulu nangaphezulu, azokwenza konke

11:20.335 --> 11:25.865
okusemandleni abo ukugwema ukudalulwa
njengimbangela yokuwa kwezezimali abayidalile.

11:25.865 --> 11:33.010
Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangase babangele ukuthi
ezinye izinkinga zikhule – kuhlanganise nezimpi

11:33.010 --> 11:36.563
ezikhona ezibonisa ukwanda okukhulu okwamanje.

11:36.563 --> 11:41.961
Noma bengazama kanjani ukwenza imali yabo entsha
yedijithali ibe mnandi kithi, ngokuqinisekile

11:41.961 --> 11:45.860
iyihhashi laseTroja futhi ngeke isixazulule izinkinga.

11:45.860 --> 11:53.629
Isixazululo ukubopha laba baphathi bamabhange
izehlakalo njengabangela lezi zinkinga nokubasusa emandleni abo.

11:53.629 --> 11:59.399
NgokukaStephen Goodson, owayengumholi webhange eliphakathi,
ithonya labo lisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi

11:59.399 --> 12:05.639
bathathe ngokungekho emthethweni ilungelo lokudala
imali evela emoyeni bese beyiboleka ngenzalo.

12:05.639 --> 12:11.745
Bakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngokuthatha
ukulawula amabhange amakhulu omhlaba.

12:11.745 --> 12:19.137
Yingakho-ke kudingeka "ukuncishiswa kwezikweletu zomhlaba wonke",
okusho ukukhululwa kwezikweletu kuzo zonke izizwe ezicindezelwe,

12:19.137 --> 12:24.255
eziphange futhi ezithathwe ngempela yizibhanki
eziphakathi, i-IMF neBhange Lomhlaba, kanye

12:24.255 --> 12:27.575
nokubuyiselwa kwazo zonke izinsiza ezithathwe.

12:27.575 --> 12:34.280
Njengoba izikweletu zadalwa ngomoya nje,
izikweletu kumele zinyamalale ngomoya nje.

12:34.280 --> 12:42.944
Uma ilungelo lokudala imali libuyiselwa kubantu
nakwizizwe ezizimele ngamanye, lonke leliphupho elibi lizophela.

12:42.944 --> 12:49.181
Ikakhulukazi kulesi simo senhlekelele yomhlaba wonke, sekufike
isikhathi sokufuna lokhu – uma hhayi manje, khona-ke nini?