WEBVTT 00:00.520 --> 00:02.560 Barka da zuwa, Mista Wolski. 00:02.560 --> 00:05.560 Na gode da gayyata daga KlaTV. 00:05.560 --> 00:12.840 Eh, tabbas. Muna gudanar da wannan hira a rana mai matuƙar tunawa, zagayowar ranar 9 ga Nuwamba. 00:12.840 --> 00:19.840 Yanzu daidai shekaru 35 suka cika tun fa faɗuwar Katangar Berlin a shekarar 1989. 00:19.840 --> 00:27.976 Kai ne marubucin littattafai da dama masu matuƙar ban sha'awa kan wannan batu, waɗanda za a iya samu a shafin yanar gizonka. 00:27.976 --> 00:34.016 Kuma kafin mu fara, bari mu fara gabatar da ku ga masu kallo namu. 00:34.016 --> 00:39.560 Michael Wolski an haife shi a Saxony a shekarar 1952 kuma ya girma a Berlin na Gabas. 00:39.560 --> 00:42.304 Shi ne uban yara uku. 00:42.304 --> 00:45.830 A shekarar 1970, bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri a fannin tattalin 00:45.830 --> 00:48.080 arziki, inda ya kware a kasuwancin ƙasashen waje. 00:48.080 --> 00:53.664 Tun daga shekarar 1974, Mista Wolski ya yi aiki a kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 00:53.664 --> 00:59.774 Daga 1986 zuwa 1990, shi ne jami'in hulɗa na kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus a ofishin wata 00:59.774 --> 01:03.620 kamfanin Amurka a Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a Berlin na Gabas. 01:03.620 --> 01:10.440 A watan Disamba na shekarar 1989, ya ɗauki aikin kafa kamfanin tallace-tallace a Berlin na Gabas a madadin ƙungiyar. 01:10.440 --> 01:14.523 An sake soke wannan umarni a watan Janairu 1990. 01:14.523 --> 01:18.620 A farkon shekarar 1991, an mayar da Mista Wolski zuwa Moscow. 01:18.620 --> 01:24.175 A can, shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ofishin wakilcin ƙungiyar a Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya shaida 01:24.175 --> 01:28.096 rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da sauyin da ya faru a Rasha. 01:28.096 --> 01:33.632 A shekarar 1998, ya koma Berlin kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kamfanonin Rasha. 01:33.632 --> 01:40.160 Daga 2006 zuwa 2012, shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma daraktan Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Jamus-Bosniya a Sarajevo. 01:40.160 --> 01:43.736 Michael Wolski ya yi ritaya tun daga shekarar 2014. 01:43.736 --> 01:48.080 Shi ne marubucin littattafai biyar game da faduwar Katangar Berlin. 01:48.080 --> 01:55.233 A cikin tunaninmu da rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai, faduwar Katangar Berlin a shekarar 1989 kullum tana bayyana a 01:55.233 --> 02:02.440 matsayin juyin juya hali na lumana, sakamakon rashin gamsuwa a tsakanin al'ummar Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 02:02.440 --> 02:07.310 Mutane da yawa suna tunanin zaman lafiya da zanga-zanga. 02:07.310 --> 02:13.843 Kuma a cikin littafinka mai taken 1989 Faduwar Katangar Berlin, wani bita bayan shekaru 35, kai, a matsayin shaida ta 02:13.843 --> 02:19.843 zamani, ka bayyana faduwar Katangar a matsayin wani lamari da aka tsara shi sosai kuma aka aiwatar da shi. 02:19.843 --> 02:22.260 Me ya sa ka yi tunanin haka? 02:22.260 --> 02:32.512 Eh, kamar yadda na ambata a baya a cikin CV dina, na yi aiki a ofishin wakilcin wata kamfanin Amurka a Gabashin Berlin 02:32.512 --> 02:42.180 daga 1986 zuwa 1990, inda na taimaka wajen gina harkokin kasuwancin kamfanin a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 02:42.180 --> 02:52.751 Kuma lokacin da Katangar Berlin ta fadi a watan Nuwamba 1989, shugaban kamfanin Switzerland da ke kula da ofishin ya 02:52.751 --> 02:58.056 zo a watan Disamba ya ce, Mike, kana da wani aikin musamman. 02:58.056 --> 03:03.612 Za mu kafa kamfani reshe don tallace-tallace a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus, kamar 03:03.612 --> 03:06.343 yadda muka yi a Poland, Czechiya da Hungary. 03:06.343 --> 03:13.695 Kuma aikinka shi ne ka fara wannan ginshiƙi, kamar yadda ake faɗa, ka kuma yi shirye-shiryen da suka dace, kamar 03:13.695 --> 03:20.743 tuntuɓar lauya mai ba da shawara da lauya, yanke shawara kan dukiyar da kuma yawan mutanen da za su shiga. 03:20.743 --> 03:23.943 Kuma yanzu saura 'yan kwanaki kaɗan kafin Kirsimeti. 03:23.943 --> 03:33.735 Na fara wannan, sannan na so in gudanar da tattaunawa da mutanen da suka dace da ke da alhakin 03:33.735 --> 03:38.656 kowane mataki na aikin a farkon watan Janairu. 03:38.656 --> 03:48.063 Sai kuma a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1990, an kira ana cewa a dakatar da komai. Ba za mu kafa kamfani reshe ba. 03:48.063 --> 03:53.176 Za a canja kasuwancinmu zuwa kamfanin reshe na Jamus. 03:53.176 --> 03:56.450 Akwai babban kamfani a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus, a Neuss. 03:56.450 --> 04:04.816 Kuma hakan ya ba ni mamaki. Na tambayi tambaya, eh, me ya sa ake dakatar da shi? 04:04.816 --> 04:15.460 Sa'an nan shugaban ya gaya mini, eh, mun samu umarni daga Amurka, ba za a sake samun GDR ba. 04:15.460 --> 04:18.303 Wannan ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1990. 04:18.303 --> 04:27.130 Kuma idan muka koma baya cikin tarihi, ba a taɓa yin taro ba har sai 13 ga Fabrairu 1990, lokacin da haɗin gwiwar ƙasashe 04:27.130 --> 04:36.100 huɗu da ministocin harkokin wajen Jamus biyu suka haɗu suka yanke shawarar fara tattaunawa kan sake haɗa Jamus. 04:36.100 --> 04:42.670 Don haka hakan na nufin cewa manyan shugabanni sun riga sun san sakamakon tun da farko. 04:42.670 --> 04:51.884 Abin ban sha'awa, ko kafin ranar 13 ga Fabrairu ta zo, an yi kiran na biyu inda aka gaya mini cewa dole ne a 04:51.884 --> 05:00.460 kammala komai kafin 30 ga Yuni 1990, wato haɗa harkokin GDR cikin kamfanin reshe na Jamus ta Yamma. 05:00.460 --> 05:05.523 Eh, sannan a watan Mayu muka gano cewa za a kafa haɗin kuɗi a ranar 1 ga Yuli. 05:05.523 --> 05:13.728 Kuma duk wanda har yanzu ke magana game da haɗari, ina ganin yana da matuƙar rashin basira. 05:13.728 --> 05:19.296 Amma hakan yana haifar da tambaya: wa ne a zahiri ya so a fadi bangon? 05:19.296 --> 05:28.923 To, lokacin da nake a Moscow, na yi magana da mutane da yawa masu ilimi sosai. 05:28.923 --> 05:37.316 Misali, tsofaffin mambobin KGB da aka kore bayan rushewar tsarin kwaminisanci. 05:37.316 --> 05:43.773 Don haka Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe, ikon mallakar kasuwancin waje ya rushe, kuma kowace haɗin gona ta samu 05:43.773 --> 05:46.996 damar gudanar da harkokin fitarwa da shigo da kaya. 05:46.996 --> 05:52.541 Kuma haka ya faru cewa a cikin waɗannan sassan kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na injunan noma, inda yanzu sai na tafi 05:52.541 --> 05:58.510 gare su maimakon zuwa kamfanin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na Moscow, akwai mutane da ke magana da Jamusanci cikin sauƙi. 05:58.510 --> 06:09.196 Sai kuma, to, harshen Rashan da Turanci na ba su da ƙwarewa sosai, sai suka tambaye ni, daga ina kake? 06:09.196 --> 06:17.430 Kuma da Michael Wolski a kan katin kasuwanci, ba a iya ganinsa da sauƙi kamar Fritz Müller ko wani abu makamancin haka ba. 06:17.430 --> 06:22.416 Kuma da na ce haka daga GDR, fuskar sa ta yi haske: 06:22.416 --> 06:27.487 Ni ma na kasance a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus na tsawon shekaru biyar. Na iya magana da Jamusanci ba tare da wata matsala 06:27.487 --> 06:32.273 ba, kuma na san cewa ba shi cikin sojoji, domin jami'an soja suna kasancewa a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus na tsawon 06:32.273 --> 06:36.720 shekaru uku kacal. Kuma waɗanda ke cikin sauran rundunonin soja suna kasancewa a can ɗan lokaci kaɗan fiye. 06:36.720 --> 06:43.938 Sannan aka yi wasu tattaunawa masu ban sha'awa, a lokacin da suka gaya mini abubuwa da yawa game da Jamhuriyar 06:43.938 --> 06:50.000 Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR) da ban sani ba game da tsarin shugabanci da dangantakar iko. 06:50.000 --> 06:59.416 To, a lokacin na kan karanta sosai, littattafai na 'yan siyasa na Soviet, jakaduna, jami'an leƙen asiri da sauransu. 06:59.416 --> 07:08.268 Kuma a hankali hoto ya fara bayyana cewa a zahiri wannan wani lamari ne da aka ɓoye a bayan garkuwar hayaki, kuma 07:08.268 --> 07:14.576 wannan garkuwar hayaki ake kira Juyin Juya Halin Zaman Lafiya. 07:14.576 --> 07:28.520 Abin sha'awa, a farkon shekarar 2015, an wallafa mujallu uku da suka haskaka batun. 07:28.520 --> 07:39.033 Na farko shi ne cewa a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2014, wani labari ya bayyana a Der Spiegel yana cewa Gorbachev 07:39.033 --> 07:44.416 da Shevardnadze sun so a fadi bangon Berlin da wuri. 07:44.416 --> 07:49.856 Su biyun sun tafi ganin Erich, wanda yake Berlin domin taro... 07:49.856 --> 07:51.156 Yaushe hakan ya faru? 07:51.156 --> 08:01.423 Wannan a shekarar 1987 ne. A ranar 28 ko 29 ga Mayu 1987, sun ziyarci Erich Honecker suka gaya masa cewa bangon ba ya dace 08:01.423 --> 08:11.800 da hoton Turai mai haɗin kai da Gorbachev ya gina ba, kuma bai dace da sassara makamai ba, kuma ya kamata ya rushe bangon. 08:11.800 --> 08:17.780 Sai Erich ya tashi a kan tebur, a ce, ya ce a'a. 08:17.780 --> 08:26.029 Wannan abin ya kasance matuƙar rashin kunya, domin Erich ma ya san cewa ba za a kawo tankuna ba, kamar yadda aka yi a 08:26.029 --> 08:30.496 Prague a shekarar 1968, idan ba ka yi abin da Moscow ke so ba. 08:30.496 --> 08:34.309 Sai su biyun suka tafi. 08:34.309 --> 08:42.909 Abin ban sha'awa, bayan kwanaki 14 Reagan ya kasance a Berlin ta Yamma kuma ya yi jawabi a gefen yamma na Kofar Brandenburg. 08:42.909 --> 08:52.770 Sannan kuma, kamar yadda za ka gani a fili a cikin hoton, akwai sanannen furucin Mista Gorbachev: "Ku rushe wannan bango!" 08:52.770 --> 08:56.026 Don haka bai ce Honecker ba, sai dai Gorbachev. 08:56.026 --> 09:00.780 Don haka ya san wanda ke da alhakin. 09:00.780 --> 09:10.428 Kuma saboda hakan bai faru ba, an gudanar da wani aikin ɓoye na Soviet a shekarar 1989. 09:10.428 --> 09:20.205 Kuma an bayyana wannan a cikin wani littafi mai suna Operation Lutsch, wanda aka buga a ƙarshen 2014 ko farkon 2015, wanda wani 09:20.205 --> 09:27.980 jami'in leƙen asiri na ɓoye na hukumar leƙen asirin soja ta Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus ya rubuta, 09:27.980 --> 09:35.476 wanda ya bayyana yadda bangon Berlin ya faɗi da kuma irin shirye-shiryen da aka yi tun a gaba. 09:35.476 --> 09:47.681 Kuma abu na uku shi ne waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a Hungary, da rushewar katangar iyaka a shekarar 1989, inda aka gudanar da 09:47.681 --> 09:58.170 wannan taro, wannan biki na picnic, inda kusan 'yan ƙasar Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus 700 suka yi amfani da 09:58.170 --> 10:04.864 damar suka yi tafiya ta Austriya zuwa Jamhuriyar Tarayya. 10:04.864 --> 10:09.261 Mai ban sha'awa. Shin kuna da wasu ƙarin misalai na abubuwan da suka faru inda kuke jin 10:09.261 --> 10:11.863 kamar abin da ya faru ya fito ne daga rubutun fim? 10:11.863 --> 10:19.360 Tabbas, har yanzu akwai wasu abubuwa kaɗan. 10:19.360 --> 10:29.284 Idan ka kalli 9 ga Nuwamba yanzu, yadda aka tsara ranar, yadda ta gudana, duk yana cikin hotuna 10:29.284 --> 10:34.323 da muka saba gani, amma da wani fassarar daban. 10:34.323 --> 10:46.890 Na ambaci wannan a cikin littafin ma, cewa, misali, abin da za mu iya gani daga baya, lokacin da Schabowski ya karanta rubutunsa, 10:46.890 --> 10:58.620 shi ne cewa wani abu ya ɓace daga cikin wannan rubutun, amma Egon Krenz ya ƙara shi, cewa akwai wani lokacin takunkumi. 10:58.620 --> 11:01.500 Shin mu saurari wannan na ɗan lokaci? 11:04.928 --> 11:13.325 ...mun yanke shawarar a yau mu gabatar da wata doka wadda za ta ba kowane ɗan ƙasar Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar 11:13.325 --> 11:20.640 Jamus damar barin ƙasar ta wurin tashoshin ketare iyaka na Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 11:20.640 --> 11:29.017 Domin sashen yada labarai na ma'aikatar, Majalisar Ministoci ta yanke shawarar cewa wannan tsarin wucin gadi zai 11:29.017 --> 11:35.740 fara aiki har sai Majalisar Jama'a ta kafa dokar da ta dace. 11:35.740 --> 11:41.363 Kuma wannan rubutun da ya karanta yana da sanarwar takura. 11:41.363 --> 11:48.323 Kuma za a sanar da hakan ne kawai a rediyo da karfe biyar na safiyar gobe. 11:48.323 --> 11:57.806 Kuma an ɗaga wannan ƙuntatawa, don haka idan akwai tsawon sigar, sai ya zauna ya bincika ya duba, ya ce cewa a wani ɓangare 11:57.806 --> 12:02.688 ya ji cewa dole ne irin wannan abu ya wanzu, amma bai samu ba. 12:02.688 --> 12:08.600 Wannan ya haifar da gaggawar zuwa wuraren ketare iyaka. 12:08.600 --> 12:17.152 Kuma wannan ma aikin leken asirin soja na Tarayyar Soviet ne ya shirya. 12:17.152 --> 12:23.940 Yanzu ga tambayar da yawancin 'yan ƙasar GDR suka yi wa kansu a wancan lokacin. Me ya sa ba a harba bindigogi ba? 12:23.940 --> 12:25.320 Eh, wannan shi ne maki na gaba. 12:25.320 --> 12:36.003 Don haka, a farkon shekarar 1989, an yi musayar wuta mai halaka a kan iyaka. 12:36.003 --> 12:44.279 Sai matashin Chris Geffroy aka harbe aka kashe shi a Berlin, wanda lallai ya zama babbar 12:44.279 --> 12:49.080 masifa ga manufofin Shevardnadze da Gorbachev. 12:49.080 --> 12:59.276 Duk da haka, tunda iyakar yammacin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR) tana ƙarƙashin ikon Yarjejeniyar Warsaw, a watan Afrilu 12:59.276 --> 13:05.842 sojojin iyaka na GDR, amma bisa ga shawarar Yarjejeniyar Warsaw, sun sanar da cewa ba za 13:05.842 --> 13:09.020 a sake amfani da makamai ba a wannan iyaka. 13:09.020 --> 13:11.463 Wannan ya faru ne a ranar 12 ga Afrilu. 13:11.463 --> 13:19.490 Wannan yana nufin cewa daga wannan lokaci, masu gadin iyaka sun kasance a bayyane suna aiki da 13:19.490 --> 13:23.956 bindigogin submachine, amma ba tare da harsashi ba. 13:23.956 --> 13:29.056 Kuma jami'ai kadai ne ke da harsashi na makaman hidimarsu na kashin kai. 13:29.056 --> 13:37.184 Wannan yana nufin cewa, tun daga wannan lokaci, ya riga ya bayyana cewa wannan tsarin iyaka zai ƙare. 13:37.184 --> 13:41.203 Tabbas, ba a san hakan ba; sirri ne matuƙar girma. 13:41.203 --> 13:45.050 Domin a lokacin tuni an yi gudu zuwa kan iyaka. 13:45.050 --> 13:49.020 Eh, amma ba sojojin GDR kadai ba ne. 13:49.020 --> 13:53.792 Mutane ma sun yi mamakin inda duk sojojin Rasha suke, waɗanda a da suke ko'ina a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 13:53.792 --> 14:03.216 Eh, kuma an tsara shi tun da wuri kafin wannan taron na 9 ga Nuwamba. 14:03.216 --> 14:08.950 Don haka, 7 ga Nuwamba ita ce ranar hutu ta siyasa mafi muhimmanci a Tarayyar Soviet, 14:08.950 --> 14:12.010 Babban Juyin Juya Halin Socialist na Oktoba. 14:12.010 --> 14:15.800 A wancan lokacin watan Oktoba ne saboda suna da kalanda daban. 14:15.800 --> 14:25.043 Kuma waɗannan bukukuwan koyaushe suna ɗaukar kwanaki biyu, don haka ranar 7 da 8 ga Nuwamba 14:25.043 --> 14:29.740 ranakun hutu ne a Tarayyar Soviet, hutu biyu. 14:29.740 --> 14:34.883 Kuma a wancan lokacin, an ware sojojin Soviet masauki. 14:34.883 --> 14:41.895 A cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus, an ba su izinin fita ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyoyi; ba a ba su izinin 14:41.895 --> 14:48.000 fita su kaɗai ba, sannan aka kulle waɗannan sojojin a sansanin soja har zuwa 13 ga Nuwamba. 14:48.000 --> 14:50.856 Kuma akwai wani dalili na hakan. 14:50.856 --> 14:56.983 Kowace shekara, tsakanin sojojin Soviet 300 zuwa 400 ne suka tsere. 14:56.983 --> 15:03.189 Da yawa sun so su tafi gabas, suna so su koma gida, kuma wasu suna so su tafi yamma. 15:03.189 --> 15:12.473 Kuma tun daga ranar 3 ko 4 ga Agusta 1989, lokacin da wani jami'in tsaron iyaka na Jamus ta Gabas aka harbe aka kashe shi 15:12.473 --> 15:21.116 ta hannun wani soja na Soviet da ke tserewa, wato yana barin soja, a kan iyakar yamma, akwai duk dalilan da za a daure su. 15:21.116 --> 15:29.719 Domin idan an buɗe iyakar, sojojin Soviet za su iya gauraya da taron jama'a, suna ɗauke da 15:29.719 --> 15:36.283 makamai, kuma za su iya haddasa zubar jini mai yawa. 15:36.283 --> 15:39.140 Tabbas, akwai wasu 'yan maki da dama ma. 15:39.140 --> 15:45.756 Mafi girman wakilin Soviet, wakilin siyasa a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus, shi ne jakada. 15:45.756 --> 15:55.523 Kuma hakan ma na iya zama sanadin tura sojojin Soviet don kare iyakar ƙasa. 15:55.523 --> 16:03.942 Kamar yadda a shekarar 1953, tsohon Babban Kwamishina a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR), Semjonow, ya kuma umarci 16:03.942 --> 16:08.176 sojojin Soviet su yi amfani da makamai a ranar 17 ga Yuni. 16:08.176 --> 16:10.816 Ba a yi hakan a Moscow ba, amma a Berlin. 16:10.816 --> 16:21.586 Kuma don kawar da duk wata haɗari, saboda an san cewa babban kwamandan sojojin Soviet a nan Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar 16:21.586 --> 16:32.566 Jamus (GDR) mutum ne, a ce, mai wahalar tantancewa, an ba jakadan Soviet maganin barci ko kuma shi kansa ya sha ɗaya. 16:32.566 --> 16:37.343 A kowane hali, bai nuna amsa ba a daren nan. 16:37.343 --> 16:45.824 Kuma hakan na nufin cewa mutumin da shi kaɗai zai iya bayar da umarnin bai nan. 16:45.824 --> 16:50.420 Eh, da shugabanci, wato Honecker da sauransu? 16:50.420 --> 16:58.943 To, da dare, lokacin da aka gano... Har yanzu akwai wani abu daban, har yanzu taron Kwamitin Tsakiya yana nan. 16:58.943 --> 17:07.765 Taron Kwamitin Tsakiya, wanda ake gudanarwa a daidai lokacin jawabin Schabowski, an 17:07.765 --> 17:13.643 tsara ya ƙare da misalin karfe shida na yamma. 17:13.643 --> 17:22.450 Amma a can, mutanen da a fili aka umarce su daga hukumar leken asirin soja ta Tarayyar Soviet ko hukumar leken asirin 17:22.450 --> 17:26.916 soja ta Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus sun tsawaita taron. 17:26.916 --> 17:32.030 Don haka ka ce ba za ka iya rabuwa da kowannensu ba, kana da matsaloli da yawa. 17:32.030 --> 17:36.716 Don haka suka bar taron ya ci gaba har zuwa karfe 8:40 na dare. 17:36.716 --> 17:43.662 Wannan shi ne daidai lokacin da Schabowski ya ce zai fara aiki nan take, kuma mutane suka fara kwarara 17:43.662 --> 17:48.236 zuwa wurin ketare iyaka, musamman Bornholmer Strasse. 17:48.236 --> 17:53.483 Kuma sai aka sanar da hakan a talabijin, da farko a talabijin na Gabashin Jamus, sannan a talabijin na Yammacin Jamus. 17:53.483 --> 18:01.472 Kuma a nan suka zauna a Kwamitin Tsakiya, kamar dai suna cikin ɗakin warewa, a ce. 18:01.472 --> 18:07.260 A wancan lokacin babu wayoyin hannu, don haka babu wanda zai iya yin wasa da ihu ya ce, "Ai, me ya faru yanzu?" 18:07.260 --> 18:13.906 A'a, a'a. Kuma sun gano shi ne kawai da misalin karfe goma na dare. 18:13.906 --> 18:18.510 Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus ta kasance a Strausberg, ba a Berlin ba. 18:18.510 --> 18:26.135 Don haka suka tuka mota zuwa can, kuma bayan karfe 8:40 na dare suka isa Strausberg da misalin karfe 10 18:26.135 --> 18:30.096 na dare, kuma a lokacin ne labarin ya fara yaduwa. 18:30.096 --> 18:44.243 Amma 'yan Soviet sun shiga cikin wannan, don haka aka ƙi ra'ayoyin yiwuwar tura rundunonin sojojin bindiga na farko masu mota. 18:44.243 --> 18:45.563 Mai ban sha'awa. Michael 18:45.563 --> 18:56.070 Kuma idan tambayoyi suka taso yanzu, amma akwai masu juyin juya hali na lumana, tabbas suna nan, domin an shirya su. 18:56.070 --> 19:06.742 Don haka wannan ya fito ne daga sashen leken asirin soja na Soviet, ba daga Stasi ko KGB ba, har ma daga hukumomin leken 19:06.742 --> 19:13.856 asirin Yamma, don mutane su fito kan tituna, su yi zanga-zanga, su sanya kyandirori a 19:13.856 --> 19:18.400 tagoginsu da sauransu, don haka hakan tuni ya wanzu. 19:18.400 --> 19:25.149 Daga karshe, an buƙace shi daga baya don ba da labarin masu juyin-juya-hali masu zaman lafiya. 19:25.149 --> 19:29.860 Kuma ba zai yiwu mutane uku kawai su tsaya a wurin suna cewa, "Ga su nan, su ne masu juyin juya hali na 19:29.860 --> 19:32.630 lumana uku," domin hakan ba zai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba. 19:32.630 --> 19:38.321 Don haka dole ne ya kasance motsi na taron jama'a, kuma a faɗin yankuna, ba kawai a Leipzig da Berlin ba, har 19:38.321 --> 19:41.760 ma a wasu biranen da waɗannan zanga-zangar suka faru. 19:41.760 --> 19:47.656 Mai ban sha'awa. Don haka, don taƙaita abin da muka faɗa zuwa yanzu, domin muna ganin abu ɗaya yana faruwa a 19:47.656 --> 19:55.328 yau, inda dubban mutane ke fita tituna a ranar Litinin don yin zanga-zanga, kamar yadda aka yi a baya. 19:55.328 --> 20:04.320 Yanzu kuna cewa shugabannin Soviet sun tsara faduwar bangon Berlin kuma sun yi amfani da waɗannan zanga-zangar. 20:04.320 --> 20:10.363 A ƙarshe, ka nuna cewa hukumomin leƙen asirin Yamma ma sun taka rawa mai muhimmanci. 20:10.363 --> 20:19.616 Don haka, shin na fahimta daidai cewa Gabas da Yamma, waɗanda a hukumance suke makiya, yanzu suna aiki tare a kan wani shiri? 20:19.616 --> 20:28.669 Ina ganin haka ne. Za ka iya ganin cewa wannan igiya ta gama gari ta bi tarihi tun daga 1917, 18. 20:28.669 --> 20:36.870 Yanzu akwai littattafai marasa adadi da ke tabbatar da cewa wannan haɗin gwiwa ya wanzu. 20:36.870 --> 20:45.320 Yawancinsa ya kasance a fannin tattalin arziki, amma wani ɓangarensa kuma ya kasance a fannin siyasa, don haka tabbas akwai 20:45.320 --> 20:51.380 shawarwari na yau da kullum tsakanin hidimomin jihohin tarayya. 20:51.380 --> 20:58.100 Mai ban sha'awa. To, akwai gadaje tsakanin gungun gabas da na yamma? 20:58.100 --> 21:03.840 Zan ce eh. To, na yi aiki a kan gada irin wannan. Wannan a harkar kasuwanci ne. 21:03.840 --> 21:08.803 GDR ta yi matuƙar sha'awar jawo waɗannan kamfanonin Amurka. 21:08.803 --> 21:17.926 Lokacin da waɗannan kamfanonin Amurka suka iso a shekarar 1985, tabbas sun san wani abu, domin sun zo a lokaci guda kuma 21:17.926 --> 21:22.816 suna son ɗaukar 'yan ƙasar Gabashin Jamus a matsayin ma'aikata. 21:22.816 --> 21:30.603 Za su iya kawo mutanensu da kansu a lokacin, za su iya neman mutane a Berlin ta Yamma, kuma za su iya amfani da 'yan 21:30.603 --> 21:34.115 kasuwa na ƙasashen waje da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Duniya ta shirya. 21:34.115 --> 21:35.903 Kuma su ne suka so na ƙarshe. 21:35.903 --> 21:45.949 Amma ba su nan, don haka sai aka kaddamar da bincike, domin waɗannan mutane suna buƙatar fasfo na Yamma. 21:45.949 --> 21:53.040 Don haka sai suka bi duk tsarin GDR, a ce, don su zama jami'an tafiye-tafiye. 21:53.040 --> 21:58.856 Sai aka tuntuɓe ni, kuma na yi sha'awar aikin, don haka na ce eh. 21:58.856 --> 22:06.304 Sannan na fara wannan aikin a farkon shekarar 1986, a watan Afrilu. 22:06.304 --> 22:10.903 Amma akwai wasu gada da dama, idan muka tuna. 22:10.903 --> 22:15.516 Don haka Angela Merkel ta fito ne daga dangin ministoci. 22:15.516 --> 22:22.880 Kuma fasto, Mista Kassner, yana da cibiyar horo ga masanan addini a Templin. 22:22.880 --> 22:30.036 Masana ilimin addini daga Turai ta Yamma ma sukan kasance baƙi na yau da kullum a can. 22:30.036 --> 22:36.203 Kuma watakila sun riga sun sa idonsu kan Angela. 22:36.203 --> 22:41.296 Wa ya sani. Amma dai alama akwai wani irin shiri da ake aiwatarwa a nan. 22:41.296 --> 22:49.850 To, wannan ba shiri ne da aka tsara jiya ba, ko? To, tun yaushe ake aiki a kai? 22:49.850 --> 22:56.456 Ina ganin haka ne. Ba ma buƙatar komawa ga Karl Marx cikin cikakken bayani a nan. 22:56.456 --> 23:03.528 Amma ma'aikatan duk ƙasashe, ku haɗu! Yana aiki ne kawai idan masu jari na duk ƙasashe sun 23:03.528 --> 23:07.920 haɗu, domin ma'aikata suna dogaro da masu jari. 23:07.920 --> 23:22.225 Amma sai Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na 1917, kuma tun daga lokacin an wallafa littattafai da dama, musamman daga Amurka, 23:22.225 --> 23:35.700 waɗanda ke bayyana dalla-dalla alaƙar dake tsakanin Wall Street da Juyin Bolshevik, misali na Anthony Sutton. 23:35.700 --> 23:46.086 Haka kuma ya bayyana yadda Trotsky da Lenin, ɗaya daga cikin su an ba shi kuɗi daga masu kafa Babban Bankin Tarayya na 23:46.086 --> 23:56.496 Amurka, ɗayan kuma daga hukumar leƙen asirin Jamus ta Abwehr, suka tafi Petrograd don tayar da juyin juya hali a can. 23:56.496 --> 24:06.792 Wasu kuwa saboda sun ga cewa ƙasar ta yi balaga don canji, wato bankunan Amurka, waɗanda suke son su ɗauki ƙasar a ƙarƙashin ikon 24:06.792 --> 24:15.172 su, kamar yadda ake faɗa, da Lenin saboda ana buƙatar sa don tabbatar da dakatar da wuta, wanda daga baya 24:15.172 --> 24:22.380 ya zama yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, da kuma don 'yantar da Jamus daga gaban fada na biyu. 24:22.380 --> 24:31.338 Don haka, hakan na nufin an kammala Yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk kuma Jamus ta janye daga wannan haɗin 24:31.338 --> 24:36.064 gwiwar abokan haɗin gwiwa – eh, Rasha ce ta janye. 24:36.064 --> 24:41.683 A wancan lokacin, har yanzu Daular Rasha ce; An kafa Tarayyar Soviet ne kawai a Disamba 24:41.683 --> 24:44.740 1922, amma wannan mataki ne na wucin gadi. 24:44.740 --> 24:56.258 Kuma a wancan lokacin, Amurkawa sun nada wani mutum wanda ya riga ya san Lenin kuma ya kulla yarjejeniyoyi 24:56.258 --> 25:02.150 na farko da shi. Wannan mutumin shi ne Armand Hammer. 25:02.150 --> 25:09.193 Kuma har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1990, ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin rasuwarsa, shi ne mai haɗin 25:09.193 --> 25:13.856 gwiwa tsakanin babban birnin Amurka da Politburo. 25:13.856 --> 25:24.598 Kuma duk waɗannan manyan ayyukan shigo da kaya na Tarayyar Soviet, waɗanda suka haɗa da masana'antu, tashoshin samar da wutar 25:24.598 --> 25:37.740 lantarki ta ruwa, da kuma yarjejeniyar ƙasa da haya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an kammala su ƙarƙashin kulawarsa, a ce. 25:37.740 --> 25:42.820 Oh, kuma a gefe guda, Armand Hammer ya kasance mai biliyoyin daloli a tsawon shekaru. 25:42.820 --> 25:49.603 Mahaifinsa shi ne wanda ya kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kuma shi ne ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. 25:49.603 --> 25:55.246 Kuma, tabbas, shi ma ya karɓi Order of Lenin. 25:55.246 --> 25:59.940 A bayyane yake cewa akwai alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan gundumomi biyu, dole ne a ce. 25:59.940 --> 26:05.340 Amma yanzu, sake, domin na yi imani yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga abin da ke faruwa a yau, mu koma baya mu duba. 26:05.340 --> 26:18.740 Ka ce cewa FED, wato Federal Reserve, manyan masu iko na kuɗi a duniyar Yamma, sun fara Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba. 26:18.740 --> 26:19.580 Eh. 26:19.580 --> 26:24.543 To, lallai sun kasance da muradun kuɗi masu bayyananne a can? 26:24.543 --> 26:31.552 To, tabbas. Burin shi ne rinjayar Rasha. 26:31.552 --> 26:33.920 Amma ba za ka iya yin hakan kai tsaye ba. 26:33.920 --> 26:46.560 Don haka suka yi ƙoƙarin hakan, sai aka samu wannan yakin basasa, wanda ya haɗa sojojin Amurka, Birtaniya da Japan. 26:46.560 --> 26:48.816 Amma ƙasar ta yi girma sosai. 26:48.816 --> 27:01.936 Kuma shi ne abin da suka yi ƙoƙarin yi a can, wato kafa wata gwamnati da ke dogaro da su, amma wadda ba a san ta a duniya ba. 27:01.936 --> 27:09.213 Babu wanda zai taɓa tunanin cewa waɗannan 'yan komunis na Rasha a ƙarshe an ba su kuɗi ne daga Yamma a 27:09.213 --> 27:13.760 matakin farawa, sannan daga baya suke ƙarƙashin ikon su. 27:13.760 --> 27:23.220 Wannan ma shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa ba za su iya fahimtar cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe tsarin kanta ba. 27:25.200 --> 27:32.950 Don haka faduwar Katangar Berlin kusan ta kasance sassauta riƙon da ake yi kan ƙasashen sosiyalis na Turai. 27:32.950 --> 27:44.496 Sai janyewar sojojin Soviet, wadda ta daɗe har zuwa 1994, sannan kuma rushewar Tarayyar Soviet kanta. 27:44.496 --> 27:50.410 Kuma lokacin da Gorbachev ya hau ofis, ya bayyana wannan cikin kyau ta hanyar perestroika da glasnost. 27:50.410 --> 28:01.200 Perestroika na nufin sake tsarawa, kuma glasnost na nufin gaskiya. Kuma wannan ne daidai abin da yake son sake tsarawa. 28:01.200 --> 28:09.027 Kuma abin da muka fuskanta daga baya shi ne cewa daga wannan ne ajin 'yan oligarƙiya ya bayyana, kuma wannan 28:09.027 --> 28:13.952 Politburo da jam'iyya, da dukkan tsarinsu, kwatsam suka ɓace. 28:13.952 --> 28:21.024 Kuma gwagwarmayar ajin da muka yi a lokacin ta canza zuwa gwagwarmayar yanayi. 28:21.024 --> 28:24.320 To, hakan ya kai mu har zuwa yau, ina tsammani. 28:24.320 --> 28:25.440 Eh, eh. 28:25.440 --> 28:29.040 Wannan shi ne tambayata ta gaba. 28:29.040 --> 28:41.180 Ka bayyana yadda, a duk tsawon tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet, koyaushe manyan 'yan oligarƙi na kuɗi ke da tasiri. 28:41.180 --> 28:44.320 To, kuma a yau? 28:46.816 --> 28:53.260 Michael Wolski:] To, ina ganin har yanzu suna kan aiki, amma ba a gan su ta wannan hanya ba. 28:53.260 --> 29:01.892 Kuma abin da ake yi mana bam-bam da shi – har zuwa 1990, jam'iyyar ajin ma'aikata ce, gwagwarmayar ajin, 29:01.892 --> 29:12.126 ma'aikatan ƙasashe duka ku haɗu, duk irin waɗannan kalmomin banza, waɗanda yanzu aka maye gurbinsu da wasu kalmomin banza. 29:12.126 --> 29:16.743 Kuma hakan yana haifar da tambaya kan yadda wannan ya faru. 29:16.743 --> 29:20.083 Me ya sa wannan canji ya faru? 29:20.083 --> 29:27.424 Kuma a nan dole ne mu koma ga ginin bangarori, ciki har da Katangar Berlin. 29:27.424 --> 29:38.809 Domin a cikin shekarun 1960, an samu wannan canji, amma a bayan fage na tsohon tsarin jam'iyyar 29:38.809 --> 29:47.600 kwaminisanci, ana haɓaka sabon dabaru da ka'ida da sauransu. 29:47.600 --> 29:49.380 Bari in bayyana shi ta wannan hanya: 29:49.380 --> 29:57.385 An umarci ginin Katanga ta Soviets a shekarar 1960, don haka dole ne a yi shirye-shirye don tabbatar da cewa Jamhuriyar 29:57.385 --> 30:03.506 Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR), da tattalin arzikinta na tsari, za ta iya samun duk abin da take 30:03.506 --> 30:06.860 buƙata, ciki har da kayan gini da ma'aikata. 30:06.860 --> 30:10.460 Sai suka gina bango. 30:10.460 --> 30:19.346 Dalilin shi ne cewa abokan haɗin Turai ba su so su amince da tayin Soviet na canza yanayin 30:19.346 --> 30:25.180 siyasa a Berlin ta Yamma, wato Ultimatum na Berlin. 30:25.180 --> 30:33.717 Sai aka gina bango, sai ya bayyana cewa hakan a aikace yana kai Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus zuwa 30:33.717 --> 30:38.800 bakin rashin iya mulki, wato rushewar tattalin arziki. 30:38.800 --> 30:46.291 Ba a yi nufin hakan ba, babu wanda zai iya hasashen hakan, amma hakan ya tabbatar da cewa a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus 30:46.291 --> 30:55.104 (GDR), ita ce kaɗai ƙasar masana'antu a Bloc na Gabas, tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye na jam'iyya bai yi aiki ba. 30:55.104 --> 31:07.680 Tabbas kun taɓa jin labarin Sashen Daidaita Kasuwanci tare da shugabansa, tsohon shugaban Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski. 31:07.680 --> 31:14.350 Wannan labari ya fara ne a shekarar 1962, lokacin da Schalck-Golodkowski ya zama sakataren farko na shugabancin 31:14.350 --> 31:21.742 gundumar SED kan harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje, kuma yanzu yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga kusan kamfanonin kasuwancin 31:21.742 --> 31:26.429 ƙasashen waje 30 da suka wanzu – wasu ba a ba su izinin yin hakan a Jamhuriyar 31:26.429 --> 31:29.879 Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus ba – don rage burin fitar da kaya. 31:29.879 --> 31:35.431 Bayan komai, Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus ƙasa ce mai masana'antu, kuma ta sayi kayan albarkatu da 31:35.431 --> 31:42.880 kayayyakin rabin kammala domin ta sarrafa su sannan ta sayar da su a duk faɗin duniya, musamman ga Tarayyar Jamus. 31:42.880 --> 31:53.387 Amma saboda wannan tsarin tattalin arziki da aka tsara ya yi tsauri sosai, ba a iya sayen kananan abubuwa kamar gyare-gyare, 31:53.387 --> 31:59.104 sassan maye da kayan haɗi, sai inji suka tsaya ba a amfani da su. 31:59.104 --> 32:08.172 Sa'an nan kamfanonin kasuwancin waje suka zo suka ce, eh, ba za mu iya fitarwa ba saboda kamfani 32:08.172 --> 32:12.256 XY ba zai iya isarwa ba saboda babu sassan maye. 32:12.256 --> 32:21.579 Kuma a shekarun 1962 da 1963, Schalck ya riga ya tattauna da kwamandan MFS ɗinsa yadda za a iya 32:21.579 --> 32:26.413 canza wannan, amma an ƙi wannan ra'ayi a Moscow. 32:26.413 --> 32:35.968 A shekarar 1964, halin ya ci gaba da tabarbarewa, an kifar da Khrushchev, kuma a shekarar 1965 Moscow ta ba da izini a gudanar 32:35.968 --> 32:43.703 da wannan tsarin a daidai lokaci da tattalin arzikin da aka tsara, a matsayin kamfanin kasuwancin waje 32:43.703 --> 32:48.261 na masu zaman kansu a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 32:48.261 --> 32:56.820 Sa'an nan akwai takardar kafa a shekarar 1966, sannan aka kafa wannan fannin daidaita kasuwanci ta hanyar ƙa'ida. 32:56.820 --> 33:02.953 Don haka ba a wallafa shi a cikin jaridar hukuma ba; hakan zai zama akasin abin da ake nufi. 33:02.953 --> 33:10.075 Yammacin Duniya za ta kasance tana bugun cinyoyinta na tsawon kwanaki, tana cewa Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar 33:10.075 --> 33:15.456 Jamus ta tabbatar cewa tsarin kwaminisanci ba ya aiki. 33:15.456 --> 33:29.943 Amma hakan ya sa Yamma ta fara samun bayanai tun daga 1968, ta hannun wani janar na Stasi na Czech da ya yi defection, cewa an 33:29.943 --> 33:40.176 sanar a taron kaka na Yarjejeniyar Warsaw a 1966 cewa za a canza dukkan ka'idar socialism 33:40.176 --> 33:46.210 kuma za a ba Yamma damar girma cikin socialism. 33:46.210 --> 33:55.850 Abin ban sha'awa, a bara tsohon shugaban Ofishin Tarayya na Kariya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tabbatar da hakan daidai. 33:55.850 --> 33:59.170 Shin mu saurari wannan? 33:59.170 --> 34:06.572 …ni lauya ne, ubabina zai kasance wani diktato ko mai son zama diktato, kuma zai ce, "Mista Maaßen, ka yi tunani kan 34:06.572 --> 34:13.029 yadda za ka iya juya dimokradiyya mai 'yanci zuwa gwamnatin mulkin danniya wadda take aiki yadda nake so." 34:13.029 --> 34:19.403 Sa'an nan zan kuma yi la'akari da irin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don raunana dukkan tsarin. 34:19.403 --> 34:28.206 Kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sauya tsarin mulki zuwa haɗin kai, inda kowa ya bi tsari ɗaya kuma kowa ke tunani a hanya 34:28.206 --> 34:32.669 ɗaya, shi ne firgita mutane da kuma sanya musu babban buri. 34:32.669 --> 34:43.648 Kuma dole ne in ce, ra'ayin amfani da yanayi don raunana kundin tsarin mulki ra'ayi ne mai wayo, duk wanda ya fito da shi. 34:43.648 --> 34:50.619 Na san cewa tun a cikin shekarun 1960, akwai mutane a KGB da ke tunanin yadda za su bar 34:50.619 --> 34:54.170 Yammacin duniya ta koma tsarin zamantakewa. 34:54.170 --> 35:01.944 A wancan lokacin, an riga ana tattauna batun kare muhalli a KGB. Tare da batutuwa kamar muhalli da yaki da wariyar launin fata, da 35:01.944 --> 35:07.924 sauransu, za ka iya shawo kan mutane su ce, mu ajiye dimokuradiyya da mulkin doka gefe a yanzu, abin 35:07.924 --> 35:13.810 da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne yaki da wariyar launin fata, abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne muhalli. 35:13.810 --> 35:16.836 Waɗannan su ne tunanin da KGB ta yi a shekarun 1960. 35:16.836 --> 35:22.663 Amma dole ne in ce, da ka kawo batun sauyin yanayi, ina taya ka murna. 35:22.663 --> 35:26.749 Gaskiya abin mamaki ne amfani da batun sauyin yanayi a matsayin wata hanya don raunana 35:26.749 --> 35:29.850 jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya da tsarin kundin tsarin mulki. 35:29.850 --> 35:40.963 Eh, kuma hakan ya kai mu ga manufofin da aka sa a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1966. 35:40.963 --> 35:44.510 Manufar farko ita ce a bar Yamma ta girma. 35:44.510 --> 35:49.570 Kuma burin na biyu shi ne samun kudi daga yanayi. 35:49.570 --> 35:51.536 Wannan ne abin da ya faru. 35:51.536 --> 36:00.589 Don haka mataki na farko shi ne ba da shawara ga Kulab ɗin Rome a shekarar 1967, wanda shi ne wanda ya kafa Kulab ɗin 36:00.589 --> 36:09.010 Rome, kamar yadda za a ce, kan yadda za a kafa shi da kuma abubuwan da ya kamata ya mayar da hankali a kansu. 36:09.010 --> 36:15.910 Ya tashi zuwa Tarayyar Soviet a wancan lokacin kuma ya yi dogon tattaunawa. 36:15.910 --> 36:25.511 Kuma daga baya, lokacin da aka kafa Kulab ɗin Rome, janar-janar biyu na KGB sun kasance cikakkun 36:25.511 --> 36:30.536 mambobi na Kulab ɗin Rome har zuwa shekarar 1992. 36:30.536 --> 36:34.590 Ba zan iya faɗin abin da ya faru daga baya ba, amma an rubuta shi. 36:34.590 --> 36:44.528 Wani abu kuma shi ne an kafa wani cibiyar haɗin gwiwa kusa da Vienna tare da Amurkawa domin magance rushewar 36:44.528 --> 36:54.272 Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka horar da jami'an siyasa tun daga 1982 zuwa gaba don zamanin bayan perestroika. 36:54.272 --> 37:06.520 Wannan yana nufin akwai sunaye kamar Chubais, Wechselberg, Arwen da sauransu, waɗanda aka horar da su a can, 37:06.520 --> 37:17.206 sannan a ƙarshen perestroika suka shiga cikin sayar da dukiyar jama'a, wato dukiyar gwamnati. 37:17.206 --> 37:23.040 Kuma haka ne suka zama biliyoniyoyi ko oligarchs da muke magana akansu. 37:23.040 --> 37:29.920 A Amurka, ya ɗauki shekaru 200 kafin waɗannan 'yan oligarƙiya su bayyana. 37:29.920 --> 37:37.380 Kuma hakan ya faru shekaru uku zuwa biyar da suka wuce, lokacin da waɗannan 'yan oligarƙiya suka taso. 37:37.380 --> 37:45.504 Kuma kowa ya yi matuƙar mamaki da yadda waɗannan mutane suka yi arziki cikin sauri. 37:45.504 --> 37:47.328 Arziki ta wace hanya? 37:47.328 --> 37:56.823 Ta hanyar keɓancewa, saboda suna wurin tushe kuma za su iya keɓance kamfanonin gwamnati da suka shafi wannan. 37:56.823 --> 37:59.963 Wannan ya kasance tsari mai ɗan rikitarwa. 37:59.963 --> 38:05.240 Littafin kuma yana bayyana wannan tsari dalla-dalla. 38:05.240 --> 38:11.883 Kuma 'yan oligarƙi daga Yamma, 'yan oligarƙi na kuɗi, sun kuma shiga. 38:11.883 --> 38:16.960 Kuma sun riga sun zaɓi muhimman sassa a masana'antar albarkatun kasa. 38:16.960 --> 38:27.391 Kuma Khodorkovsky misali ne ɗaya, Abramovich kuma wani ne, waɗanda suka karɓi rance daga Yamma, sun sami tabbacin rance tun 38:27.391 --> 38:34.684 daga 1988, sannan, lokacin da ake aiwatar da sayar da dukiyoyin gwamnati, suka mallaki 38:34.684 --> 38:39.140 waɗannan kamfanonin a matsayin amintattu, a ce. 38:39.140 --> 38:43.100 Tabbas, hakan bai bayyana ba. Amintacce, eh, ka ba shi ga wani. 38:43.100 --> 38:47.083 Amma yana tsaye a gaba kuma kowa ya yi tunanin shi ne mai shi. 38:47.083 --> 38:56.458 Kuma Roman Abramovich na da miliyan ɗari – an kuma rubuta hakan a cikin littafin. A Amurka, akwai wata ƙungiya mai 38:56.458 --> 39:04.546 suna Finken, wani irin sashen kula da ke bincika laifukan kuɗi, kuma akwai wani dogon labari game da ita. 39:04.546 --> 39:14.758 Don haka ya karɓi rance na dala miliyan ɗari, sai ya zuba kuɗin a kamfanin mai, wanda ya sayar shekaru 39:14.758 --> 39:20.490 goma ko goma sha biyu daga baya a kan dala biliyan 13.5. 39:20.490 --> 39:25.400 To, yanzu yana rayuwa ne da wannan kashi uku cikin ɗari, eh. 39:25.400 --> 39:36.296 Wannan ya yi tsanani. Don haka, idan na fahimta daidai, wani rarraba dukiyar ƙasa da ya yi matuƙar tsanani ne? 39:36.296 --> 39:44.990 Eh, bayan juyin juya hali na farko, lokacin da aka kwace duk cocin, manyan sarauta, manyan masu filaye, 39:44.990 --> 39:49.320 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwanci, wato kapitalistoci. 39:49.320 --> 39:53.493 Da yawa an kashe su a cikin wannan tsari, da yawa suka tsere zuwa Turai. 39:53.493 --> 40:04.224 Kuma wannan shi ne kamfen na biyu na sake rarrabawa, inda mutane suka yi arziki cikin kankanin lokaci. 40:04.224 --> 40:12.199 A wancan lokacin, a farkon shekarun 1920 a cikin waɗancan lokutan rikici, an kusan mika komai ga gwamnati 40:12.199 --> 40:16.693 kuma ba a raba shi ga mutane ba, wato an sake raba shi. 40:16.693 --> 40:23.900 Don haka, kuma yanzu abin da Mista Maaßen ya ce game da yanayi, shi ne rabon sake na uku. 40:23.900 --> 40:30.233 A yanzu, gwagwarmayar ajin ta zama gwagwarmayar yanayi. 40:30.233 --> 40:39.896 Kuma idan a da wannan mutum, a ce, mai ra'ayin kasuwanci ne, a yau shi ne maƙiyin masu ƙaryata sauyin 40:39.896 --> 40:45.566 yanayi, masu laifi ga yanayi, da duk masu cutar da yanayi. 40:45.566 --> 40:56.131 Don haka wannan dukkanin akida ta kai ga matakin da muke da harajin CO2 – duk batun kayayyakin halitta ma 40:56.131 --> 41:05.513 na cikin wannan, wato duk abin da halitta ne ya fi tsada – amma kuma akwai takunkumin motsi. 41:05.513 --> 41:13.212 Yanzu muna iya ganin cewa ana rage ƙungiyar VW, wato tana ƙanƙanta. 41:13.212 --> 41:20.985 Kuma a ƙarshe, hakan na nufin cewa saboda ba ma son sufuri na kashin kai saboda dalilan sauyin yanayi, duba 41:20.985 --> 41:25.006 biranen mintuna 15, za ka iya yin komai a can da keke. 41:25.006 --> 41:30.433 Kuma idan kana son barin birnin mintuna 15, yanzu kana buƙatar izini a China. 41:30.433 --> 41:32.780 In ba haka ba, ba za ka iya ketare katanga ba. 41:32.780 --> 41:39.353 Don haka ƙungiyoyin da suka shirya wannan sun koma neman kuɗi. 41:39.353 --> 41:41.251 Ana samun kudi daga iska mai zafi. 41:41.251 --> 41:45.984 Kuma yanzu ina nufin Mista Maaßen. 41:45.984 --> 41:57.840 Mai ban sha'awa. Don haka, a taƙaice, za mu iya ambaton mai fara WEF ɗinmu mai kyau? 41:57.840 --> 41:58.933 Eh. 41:58.933 --> 42:00.773 Klaus Schwab. 42:00.773 --> 42:05.280 Michael Wolski Eh, wannan ma abin sha'awa ne. 42:05.280 --> 42:13.826 WEF, wato Taron Tattalin Arzikin Duniya, an kafa shi a shekarar 1972 da shi, kuma har yanzu yana nan a yau, kamar dutsen fosil. 42:13.826 --> 42:19.180 Ba za ku mallaki komai ba kuma za ku yi farin ciki; wannan shi ne burin. 42:19.180 --> 42:22.320 Kuma hakan ya mayar da mu ga al'ummar jam'iyya. 42:22.320 --> 42:32.967 To yanzu ana magana game da harajin CO2, sabbin tsarin dumama – kashi 40% na mutane a Jamus suna da gidajensu, kuma ban 42:32.967 --> 42:38.750 sani ba nawa daga cikinsu za su iya sayen sabon tsarin dumama. 42:38.750 --> 42:47.113 Sa'an nan shahararrun Black Rocks da kamfanoni makamancinsu watakila za su tsaya su ce, to, mu za mu siya shi daga kadarorin 42:47.113 --> 42:52.100 bankirapsi, daga kasuwar sayar da jinginar da ba a biya ba. 42:52.100 --> 43:00.830 Eh, abin haskaka ne sosai, zan ce, yadda muka riga mun zo nesa a cikin wannan tsarin na uku na yanzu. 43:00.830 --> 43:01.490 Eh. 43:01.490 --> 43:09.189 Mai hira na KlaTV Yanzu mutum zai yi mamaki yadda gaske tsarin zamantakewa ya mutu a shekarar 1989. 43:09.189 --> 43:18.658 Amma a taƙaice, zai iya zama da matuƙar wahala a yi tunanin cewa akwai wasu ƙarfafan ɓoye da ke aiki anan 43:18.658 --> 43:24.003 waɗanda a fili suke aiki ne don cutar da jin daɗin mutane. 43:24.003 --> 43:33.129 Kuma har zuwa yanzu, dabara ce mai matuƙar wayo, za a iya cewa kusan haka, a zahiri kuwa tana ɗauke da komai. 43:33.129 --> 43:38.336 Eh, watakila duk abin ana sarrafa shi ne ta hanyar basirar wucin gadi. 43:38.336 --> 43:48.063 Eh, a ƙarshen wannan hirar mai ban sha'awa sosai, ina so in tambaya menene kuma za a iya yi yanzu? 43:48.063 --> 44:01.204 To, za ka iya daidaita kanka ta hanyar samun cikakken bayani, wato ba kawai ka samu abin tunani daga labaran yau da 44:01.204 --> 44:14.240 kullum, MoMa da Netflix ba, har ma ta amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na daban ko samun wahayi daga tushe irin wannan. 44:14.240 --> 44:23.809 Ina da kusan hanyoyin haɗi 100 a cikin wannan littafi zuwa shafukan yanar gizo inda za ka iya samun 44:23.809 --> 44:32.533 hanyoyin haɗi kan batutuwa iri-iri, tattara sabbin ra'ayoyi sannan ka ci gaba da bincike. 44:32.533 --> 44:40.309 Amma hakan na nufin yin motsa jiki, ba zama a gaban talabijin da jakar cips a yamma ba. 44:40.309 --> 44:45.060 Eh, ina ganin za mu ɗauki wannan a zuciya: mu zama masu aiki. Na gode ƙwarai da gaske da hirar. 44:45.060 --> 44:46.700 Na gode ma. 44:46.700 --> 44:48.930 Kuma daga baya za mu sake ganawa. 44:48.930 --> 44:50.983 Eh, na gode.