WEBVTT 00:00.520 --> 00:02.560 Rea o amohela, Monghadi Wolski. 00:02.560 --> 00:05.560 Kea leboha ka memo ea KlaTV. 00:05.560 --> 00:12.840 E, ruri. Re etsa puisano ena ka letsatsi le hopolehang haholo, sehopotso sa la 9 Pulungoana. 00:12.840 --> 00:19.840 Hona joale ho se ho fetile dilemo tse 35 hantle ho tloha ho weng ha Lebota la Berlin ka 1989. 00:19.840 --> 00:27.976 U mongoli oa libuka tse 'maloa tse khahlang haholo mabapi le taba ena hantle, tse ka fumanoang hape webosaeteng ea hau. 00:27.976 --> 00:34.016 Mme pele re qala, ha re qaleng ka ho le tsebisa bashebelli ba rona. 00:34.016 --> 00:39.560 Michael Wolski o hlahile Saxony ka 1952 mme a hola Berlin Botjhabela. 00:39.560 --> 00:42.304 Ke ntate oa bana ba bararo. 00:42.304 --> 00:45.923 Ka 1970, kamora ho qeta thuto ya hae ya sekolo se phahameng, o ile a fumana lengolo la thuto la 00:45.923 --> 00:48.080 moruo, a ipapisitse le kgwebisano ya dinaha tse ding. 00:48.080 --> 00:53.664 Ho tloha ka 1974 ho ea pele, Monghadi Wolski o ile a sebetsa khoebong ea machaba naheng ea GDR. 00:53.664 --> 00:58.522 Ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1990, e ne e le mookamedi wa kgokahanyo wa kgwebisano ya kantle ho naha ya 00:58.522 --> 01:03.620 GDR ofising ya kgwebo ya US e neng e le Setsing sa Kgwebisano ya Matjhaba se Berlin Botjhabela. 01:03.620 --> 01:10.440 Ka Tšitoe 1989, o ile a nka mosebetsi oa ho theha k'hamphani ea thekiso Berlin Botjhabela lebitsong la sehlopha. 01:10.440 --> 01:14.523 Taelo ena e ile ya hlakolwa hape ka Pherekgong 1990. 01:14.523 --> 01:18.620 Qalong ea 1991, Monghali Wolski o ile a fallisetsoa Moscow. 01:18.620 --> 01:24.340 Mona, e bile mothehi le hlooho ea ofisi ea boemeli ea sehlopha naheng ea USSR, mme a bona ho 01:24.340 --> 01:28.096 putlama ha Soviet Union le phetoho ea Russia. 01:28.096 --> 01:33.632 Ka 1998, o ile a kgutlela Berlin mme a sebetsa e le moeletsi bakeng sa dikhamphani tsa Russia. 01:33.632 --> 01:37.337 Ho tloha ka 2006 ho fihlela ka 2012, e ne e le mothehi le motsamaisi wa Mokgatlo wa 01:37.337 --> 01:40.160 Kgwebisano wa Majeremane le Mabosnia, Sarajevo. 01:40.160 --> 01:43.736 Michael Wolski o tlohetse mosebetsi ho tloha ka 2014. 01:43.736 --> 01:48.080 Ke mongoli oa libuka tse hlano tse mabapi le ho oa ha Lerako la Berlin. 01:48.080 --> 01:57.175 Litabeng tsa rona le litlalehong tsa mecha ea litaba, ho oa ha Lebota la Berlin ka 1989 ho lula ho bonahala e le phetohelo 01:57.175 --> 02:02.440 ea khotso, e le phello ea ho se khotsofale har'a baahi ba GDR. 02:02.440 --> 02:07.310 Batho ba bangata ba nahana ka khotso le boipelaetso. 02:07.310 --> 02:13.770 Mme bukeng ya hao, Ho Wela ha Lebota la Berlin ka 1989, tlhahlobo kamora dilemo tse 35, wena, jwalo ka paki ya 02:13.770 --> 02:19.843 mehleng ena, o hlalosa ho wela ha Lebota e le ketsahalo e neng e rerilwe ka hloko mme ya phethahatswa. 02:19.843 --> 02:22.260 Ke eng se o etsang hore o nahane jwalo? 02:22.260 --> 02:32.071 E, jwalo ka ha ke boletse pejana ho CV ya ka, ke ile ka sebetsa ofising ya boemedi ya khamphani ya US Berlin 02:32.071 --> 02:42.180 Botjhabela ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1990, moo ke ileng ka thusa ho aha kgwebo ya khamphani eo naheng ya GDR. 02:42.180 --> 02:50.368 Mme ha Lebota la Berlin le ne le wela ka Pudungwana 1989, mookamedi wa Mo-Switzerland wa khamphani e 02:50.368 --> 02:58.056 neng e tsamaisa ofisi o ile a fihla ka Tshitwe mme a re, Mike, o filwe mosebetsi o kgethehileng. 02:58.056 --> 03:06.343 Re tla theha k'hamphani e ka tlase bakeng sa thekiso GDR, jwalokaha re entse Poland, Czechia le Hungary. 03:06.343 --> 03:13.916 Mme mosebetsi wa hao ke ho qala motheo ona, ha re ka rialo, le ho etsa ditokisetso tse hlokehang, jwalo ka ho ikopanya 03:13.916 --> 03:20.743 le moeletsi wa molao le ramolao, ho etsa qeto ka thepa le hore na ke batho ba bakae ba tla kenya letsoho. 03:20.743 --> 03:23.943 Mme jwale ho ne ho setse matsatsi a mmalwa feela pele ho Keresemese. 03:23.943 --> 03:33.639 Ke qalile sena eaba ke batla ho ba le dipuisano le batho ba amehang ba ikarabellang bakeng sa kgato e 03:33.639 --> 03:38.656 nngwe le e nngwe ya mosebetsi qalong ya Pherekgong. 03:38.656 --> 03:48.063 Mme ka la 9 Pherekhong 1990, ho ile ha fihla mohala o reng ho emise tsohle. Ha re sa tla theha k'hamphani e ka tlase. 03:48.063 --> 03:53.176 Kgwebo ya rona e tla fetisetsoa ho lekala la Jeremane. 03:53.176 --> 03:56.450 Ho ne ho ena le k'hamphani e kholo haholo Rephabliking ea Federale ea Jeremane, Neuss. 03:56.450 --> 04:04.816 Mme seo sa nkgakgamatsa. Mme ka botsa potso, e, hobaneng e emisiwa? 04:04.816 --> 04:15.460 Mme yaba mookamedi o mpolella, e, re fumane ditaelo tse tswang USA, ha ho sa tla ba le GDR hape. 04:15.460 --> 04:18.303 Seo e ne e le ka la 9 Pherekhong 1990. 04:18.303 --> 04:27.301 Mme ha re ka sheba morao nalaneng, e bile feela ka la 13 Hlakola 1990 ha balekane ba bane le matona a mabedi a kantle 04:27.301 --> 04:36.100 ho naha a Jeremane ba ile ba kopana mme ba etsa qeto ya ho qala dipuisano mabapi le kopano ya Jeremane. 04:36.100 --> 04:42.670 Kahoo hoo ho bolela hore batsamaisi ba phahameng ba ne ba se ba ntse ba tseba sephetho esale pele. 04:42.670 --> 04:51.468 Mme se kgahlang ke hore, le pele la 13 Hlakola le fihla, ho bile le mohala wa bobedi o neng o mpolella hore tsohle di 04:51.468 --> 05:00.460 lokela ho phethelwa ka la 30 Phuptjane 1990, ke hore, kopanyo ya kgwebo ya GDR ka hara lekala la Jeremane Bophirimela. 05:00.460 --> 05:05.523 E, mme ka Motsheanong ra utlwa hore kopano ya ditjhelete e tla etsahala ka la 1 Phupu. 05:05.523 --> 05:13.728 Mme mang kapa mang ya ntseng a bua ka ketsahalo e sa reroang, ke nahana hore o a thekesela. 05:13.728 --> 05:19.296 Empa seo se hlahisa potso: ke mang kannete ea neng a batla hore Lebota le oele? 05:19.296 --> 05:28.923 Hantle, ha ke ne ke le Moscow, ke buile le batho ba bangata ba neng ba na le tsebo e ngata. 05:28.923 --> 05:37.316 Ka mohlala, ditho tsa pele tsa KGB tse ileng tsa lelekwa kamora ho putlama ha bokomonisi. 05:37.316 --> 05:42.283 Kahoo Soviet Union e ile ea qhalana, monopolising ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea putlama, 'me li-combine ka 05:42.283 --> 05:46.996 bomong joale li ne li se li khona ho etsa mesebetsi ea ho romela thepa kantle le ho e tlisa ka hare. 05:46.996 --> 05:52.813 Mme ha etsahala hore makaleng ana a kgwebo ya kantle ho naha a metjhini e kopaneng, ao jwale ke neng ke tlameha ho ya ho 05:52.813 --> 05:58.510 ona, eseng ho khamphani ya kgwebo ya kantle ho naha e Moscow, ho be le batho ba neng ba bua Sejeremane ka bokgabane. 05:58.510 --> 06:09.196 Mme yaba, ha e le hantle, Serussia le Senyesemane sa ka di ne di sa phahama hakaalo, kahoo ba mpotsa, o tswa kae? 06:09.196 --> 06:17.430 Mme ka Michael Wolski kareteng ya kgwebo, e ne e sa bonahale ka ho hlaka jwalo ka Fritz Müller kapa ntho e jwalo. 06:17.430 --> 06:22.416 Mme ha ke bua jwalo, a tloha GDR, sefahleho sa hae sa kganya: 06:22.416 --> 06:29.756 Le nna ke bile GDR ka lilemo tse hlano. Ke ne ke bua Sejeremane ka bokgabane, mme ke ne ke tseba hore o ne a se sesoleng, hobane 06:29.756 --> 06:36.720 baofisiri ba ne ba lula GDR ka lilemo tse tharo feela. Mme ba tsoang masoleng a mang ba ne ba lula moo nako e teletsana. 06:36.720 --> 06:45.263 Mme yaba ho ba le dipuisano tse kgahlang, tseo ka tsona ba ileng ba mpolella ho hongata ka GDR seo ke neng ke sa se 06:45.263 --> 06:50.000 tsebe, mabapi le meaho ya boetapele le dikamano tsa matla. 06:50.000 --> 06:56.200 Hantle, ka nako eo ke ne ke bala haholo, libuka tsa bo-ralipolotiki ba Soviet, bo-radipolomate, baemeli 06:56.200 --> 06:59.416 ba litšebeletsi tsa sephiri le tse ling joalo-joalo. 06:59.416 --> 07:08.607 Mme butle-butle taba e ile ya hlaka hore ha e le hantle ena e ne e le ketsahalo e neng e patilwe ka mora lesira la mosi, 07:08.607 --> 07:14.576 mme lesira leo la mosi le ne le bitswa Phetohelo ya Kgotso. 07:14.576 --> 07:28.520 Ho thahasellisang ke hore, qalong ea 2015, ho bile le lingoliloeng tse tharo tse faneng ka leseli tabeng ena. 07:28.520 --> 07:39.072 Ea pele e ne e le hore ka la 2 Pulungoana 2014, ho ile ha hlaha sengoloa ho Der Spiegel se neng se bolela hore Gorbachev le 07:39.072 --> 07:44.416 Shevardnadze ba ne ba batla hore Lebota le wele pele ho nako. 07:44.416 --> 07:49.856 Ba babedi ba ile ho ya bona Erich, ya neng a le Berlin bakeng sa kopano... 07:49.856 --> 07:51.156 E ne e le neng? 07:51.156 --> 07:59.770 Seo e ne e le ka 1987. Ka la 28 kapa la 29 Mots'eanong 1987, ba ile ba etela Erich Honecker mme ba mo bolella hore Lebota le ne 07:59.770 --> 08:07.773 le se le sa lumellane le setšoantšo sa Europe e kopaneng seo Gorbachev a neng a se thehile, hape le ne le sa lumellane 08:07.773 --> 08:11.800 le ho theola lihlomo, le hore o lokela ho heletsa Lebota. 08:11.800 --> 08:17.780 Mme yaba Erich o ema tafoleng, ha re ka rialo, mme a re tjhe. 08:17.780 --> 08:26.171 Eo e ne e le boikaketsi bo boholo, hobane Erich le eena o ne a tseba hore ha ho litanka tse tla tla, joalokaha li ile tsa 08:26.171 --> 08:30.496 etsa Prague ka 1968, haeba o sa etse seo Moscow e se batlang. 08:30.496 --> 08:34.309 Mme ba babedi ba tsamaya. 08:34.309 --> 08:39.817 Ho thahasellisang ke hore, matsatsi a 14 hamorao Reagan o ne a le Berlin Bophirimela mme a bua ka 08:39.817 --> 08:42.909 lehlakoreng le ka bophirimela la Heke ea Brandenburg. 08:42.909 --> 08:52.770 Mme yaba, jwalo ka ha o bona ka ho hlaka setshwantshong, ho ba le polelo e tummeng ya Monghadi Gorbachev, "Hatholla lebota lena!" 08:52.770 --> 08:56.026 Kahoo ha a ka a re Honecker, empa a re Gorbachev. 08:56.026 --> 09:00.780 Kahoo o ne a tseba hore na ke mang ya laolang. 09:00.780 --> 09:10.428 Mme hobane seo ha se a ka sa etsahala, ho bile le ts'ebetso ea sephiri ea Soviet ka 1989. 09:10.428 --> 09:20.874 Mme sena se hlalositswe ka bukeng e bitswang Operation Lutsch, e hatisitsweng mafelong a 2014 kapa mathwasong a 2015, e ngotsweng 09:20.874 --> 09:30.511 ke lepodisi la sephiri la tshebeletso ya bohlale ya sesole sa GDR, ya hlalositseng kamoo Lebota le ileng la wela kateng 09:30.511 --> 09:35.476 le hore na diitokisetso di ne di entswe nako e sa le teng. 09:35.476 --> 09:47.613 Mme ntlha ya boraro e bile diketsahalo tsa Hungary, ka ho heletswa ha meaho ya tshireletso ya moedi ka 1989, moo kopano ena 09:47.613 --> 09:58.270 e neng e tshwaretswe teng, mokete ona wa dijo, moo baahi ba ka bang 700 ba GDR ba ileng ba sebedisa monyetla 09:58.270 --> 10:04.864 mme ba ya Rephabliking ya Federale ba feta ka Austria. 10:04.864 --> 10:09.478 Hoa thabisa. Na u na le mehlala e meng ea liketsahalo moo u ikutloang eka se etsahetseng 10:09.478 --> 10:11.863 se tšoana le se tsoang sengoloeng sa filimi? 10:11.863 --> 10:19.360 Ehlile, ho ne ho ntse ho na le liketsahalo tse 'maloa. 10:19.360 --> 10:27.003 Ha o sheba la 9 Pulungoana hona jwale, kamoo letsatsi leo le neng le hlophisitswe kateng, le kamoo le ileng la 10:27.003 --> 10:34.323 tswela pele kateng, tsohle di teng ditshwantshong tseo bohle re di tsebang, empa ka tlhaloso e fapaneng. 10:34.323 --> 10:46.452 Ke boetse ke buile ka sena bukeng, hore, mohlala, seo re ka se bonang hamorao, ha Schabowski a bala mongolo oa hae, ke hore ho 10:46.452 --> 10:58.620 ne ho na le ntho e neng e le sieo mongolong ona, empa Egon Krenz o ile a e kenya, e leng hore ho ne ho na le nako ea embargo. 10:58.620 --> 11:01.500 Na re ka mamela seo ka motsotsoana? 11:04.928 --> 11:15.092 ...kajeno re entse qeto ya ho tsebisa molaoana o tla dumella moahi e mong le e mong wa GDR 11:15.092 --> 11:20.640 ho tswa naheng ka diphatlha tsa moedi tsa GDR. 11:20.640 --> 11:27.433 Bakeng sa lefapha la boralitaba la bosebeletsi, Lekhotla la Matona le entse qeto ea hore tokisetso ena ea 11:27.433 --> 11:35.740 nakoana e tla qala ho sebetsa ho fihlela molao o amehang o phasalalitsoe ke Lekhotla la Batho. 11:35.740 --> 11:41.363 Mme mongolo ona oo a o balileng o na le tsebiso ya dithibelo. 11:41.363 --> 11:48.323 Mme seo se ne se lokela ho phatlalatswa feela seea-le-moeeng ka hora ya bohlano hoseng ho latelang. 11:48.323 --> 11:55.824 Mme thibelo ena e tlositswe, hore haeba ho na le mofuta o molelele, a dule moo a batlisise mme a re ka 11:55.824 --> 12:02.688 tsela e itseng o ne a utlwa hore ntho e jwalo e tlameha ho ba teng, empa ha a ka a e fumana. 12:02.688 --> 12:08.600 Sena se ile sa baka phallo e potlakileng ho ya mekgweng ya moedi. 12:08.600 --> 12:17.152 Mme eo e ne e boetse e le ts'ebetso e neng e hlophisitsoe ke tshebeletso ya bohlale ba sesole sa Soviet. 12:17.152 --> 12:23.940 Joale, potso eo baahi ba bangata ba GDR ba ileng ba ipotsa eona ka nako eo. Ke hobane'ng ha ho sa ka ha thunngoa? 12:23.940 --> 12:25.320 E, ke ntlha e latelang. 12:25.320 --> 12:36.003 Kahoo, qalong ya 1989, ho bile le thunano e bolaeang moeding. 12:36.003 --> 12:44.460 Eaba Chris Geffroy e monyane o thunngoa ho isa lefung Berlin, e leng ntho e neng e le tlokotsi e kholo 12:44.460 --> 12:49.080 ruri ho Shevardnadze le Gorbachev le maano a bona. 12:49.080 --> 12:59.500 Leha ho le jwalo, kaha moedi o ka bophirimela wa GDR o ne o le tlasa bolaodi ba Warsaw Pact, ka Mmesa ho ile ha phatlalatswa ke 12:59.500 --> 13:09.020 masole a moedi a GDR, empa e le ka qeto ya Warsaw Pact, hore ha ho sa tla boela ho sebediswa dibetsa moeding o ka bophirimela. 13:09.020 --> 13:11.463 Seo e ne e le ka la 12 Mmesa. 13:11.463 --> 13:19.544 Sena se bolela hore ho tloha ntlheng ena, balebeli ba moeli ba ne ba bonahala ba le mosebetsing ba tšoere 13:19.544 --> 13:23.956 lithunya tse nyenyane tsa mochini, empa li se na likulo. 13:23.956 --> 13:29.056 Mme e ne e le liofisiri feela tse neng li na le likulo tsa lithunya tsa tsona tsa tšireletso ea botho. 13:29.056 --> 13:37.184 Sena se bolela hore, ho tloha ntlheng ena, ho ne ho se ho hlakile hore puso ena ea moeli e ne e tla fela. 13:37.184 --> 13:41.203 Ehlile, seo se ne se sa tsejwe; e ne e le sephiri se seholo. 13:41.203 --> 13:45.050 Hobane ka nako eo ho ne ho se ho se ho bile le phallo e kholo moeding. 13:45.050 --> 13:49.020 E, empa e ne e se masole a GDR feela. 13:49.020 --> 13:53.792 Batho ba ne ba boetse ba ipotsa hore na masole ohle a Marussia, a neng a tletse hohle naheng ea GDR, a ne a le kae. 13:53.792 --> 14:03.216 E, mme seo le sona se ne se rerilwe hantle esale pele bakeng sa ketsahalo ena ya la 9 Pulungoana. 14:03.216 --> 14:09.062 Kahoo, la 7 Pulungoana e ne e le letsatsi la bohlokoahali la lipolotiki la Soviet Union, 14:09.062 --> 14:12.010 Phetohelo e Kholo ea Bosesetso ea Mphalane. 14:12.010 --> 14:15.800 Ka nako eo e ne e le Mphalane hobane ba ne ba na le khalendara e fapaneng. 14:15.800 --> 14:24.942 Mme mekete ena e ne e dula e nka matsatsi a mabedi, ka hoo la 7 le la 8 Pulungoana e ne e le matsatsi a phomolo a 14:24.942 --> 14:29.740 setjhaba Soviet Union, e leng matsatsi a phomolo a habedi. 14:29.740 --> 14:34.883 Mme ka nako eo, masole a Soviet a ile a abelwa marobalo. 14:34.883 --> 14:43.660 Ho GDR, ba ne ba lumelletsoe feela ho tsoa ka lihlopha; ba ne ba sa lumelloa ho tsoa ba le bang, 'me masole ana a ne a koaletsoe 14:43.660 --> 14:48.000 ka ntlwaneng ea bona ea masole ho fihlela ka la 13 Pulungoana. 14:48.000 --> 14:50.856 Mme ho ne ho ena le lebaka le leng bakeng sa seo. 14:50.856 --> 14:56.983 Selemo se seng le se seng, masole a Soviet a pakeng tsa 300 le 400 a ne a baleha. 14:56.983 --> 15:03.189 Ba bangata ba ne ba batla ho ea Bochabela, ba batla ho ea hae, 'me ba bang ba ne ba batla ho ea Bophirimela. 15:03.189 --> 15:12.012 Mme kaha ka la 3 kapa la 4 Phato 1989, molebedi wa moeding wa Jeremane Botjhabela o ile a thunngwa a ba a shwa ke lesole la 15:12.012 --> 15:18.467 Soviet le neng le baleha, ke hore le ne le tlohela sesole, moeding o ka bophirimela, ho ne 15:18.467 --> 15:21.116 ho ena le mabaka ohle a ho ba kenya teronkong. 15:21.116 --> 15:29.564 Hobane haeba moeli o ne o butsoe, masole a Soviet a ka be a ile a tsoakana le letšoele, a 15:29.564 --> 15:36.283 hlometse, 'me a ka be a bakile tšollo e khōlō ea mali. 15:36.283 --> 15:39.140 Ehlile, ho ne ho ena le dintlha tse ding tse mmalwa hape. 15:39.140 --> 15:45.756 Moemeli ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa Soviet, moemeli oa lipolotiki GDR, e ne e le moemeli ea khethehileng. 15:45.756 --> 15:55.523 Mme seo le sona se ka be se bakile ho romelwa ha masole a Soviet ho sireletsa moedi wa naha. 15:55.523 --> 16:03.835 Jwaloka ka 1953, Mokomishinara e Moholo wa nako eo naheng ya GDR, Semjonow, le yena o ile a laela masole 16:03.835 --> 16:08.176 a Soviet hore a sebedise ditjhese ka la 17 Phuptjane. 16:08.176 --> 16:10.816 Seo ha se a etswa Moscow, empa se etswa Berlin. 16:10.816 --> 16:21.775 Mme ho qoba kotsi efe kapa efe, hobane ho ne ho tsejwa hore molaodi-moholo wa masole a Soviet mona GDR o ne a, re 16:21.775 --> 16:32.566 ka re, a le thata ho lekanyetswa, moemedi wa Soviet o ile a fuwa pilisi ya boroko kapa a iketsetsa e le nngwe. 16:32.566 --> 16:37.343 Leha ho le joalo, o ne a sa arabe mantsiboeeng ao. 16:37.343 --> 16:45.824 Mme seo se ne se bolela hore motho a le mong feela ya neng a ka fana ka taelo o ne a le siyo. 16:45.824 --> 16:50.420 E, le boetapele, ke hore Honecker le ba bang? 16:50.420 --> 16:56.022 Hantle, he, bosiu, ha ho se ho tsebahala... Ho ne ho ntse ho na le ntho e 'ngoe, ho ne ho 16:56.022 --> 16:58.943 ntse ho na le kopano eo ea Komiti e Bohareng. 16:58.943 --> 17:08.122 Kopano ea Komiti e Bohareng, e neng e tsoela pele ka nako e tšoanang le puo ea Schabowski, e ne 17:08.122 --> 17:13.643 e lokela ho fela hoo e ka bang ka 6 mantsiboea. 17:13.643 --> 17:22.603 Empa moo, batho bao ho neng ho hlakile hore ba laetsoe ke tshebeletso ya bohlale ba sesole sa Soviet kapa tshebeletso 17:22.603 --> 17:26.916 ya bohlale ba sesole sa GDR ba ile ba lelefatsa kopano. 17:26.916 --> 17:32.030 Kahoo o itse le wena ha o kgone ho arohana, o na le mathata a mangata haholo. 17:32.030 --> 17:36.716 Ka hona ba tlohetse kopano e tswela pele ho fihlela ka 8:40 bosiu. 17:36.716 --> 17:43.681 E ne e le hantle motsotso oo Schabowski a ileng a re e tla qala ho sebetsa hang-hang, mme batho ba qala ho phallela ho 17:43.681 --> 17:48.236 ya sebakeng sa ho tshela moedi, haholoholo Bornholmer Straße. 17:48.236 --> 17:53.483 Mme seo sa phatlalatswa thelevisheneng, pele ho thelevishene ya Jeremane Botjhabela, ebe ho ya ho ya Jeremane Bophirimela. 17:53.483 --> 18:01.472 Mme ba ne ba le teng Komiting e Bohareng, ba dutse jwaloka ha eka ba le karolong ya bakudi ba kgetholotsweng, ha re ka rialo. 18:01.472 --> 18:05.274 Ka nako eo ho ne ho se na mehala ea letsoho, kahoo ho ne ho se na motho ea ka bapalang a bile a 18:05.274 --> 18:07.260 hoeletsa a re, "Ao, ho etsahetse'ng hona joale?" 18:07.260 --> 18:13.906 Che, che. Mme ba ile ba hlokomela seo feela hoo e ka bang ka hora ya leshome bosiu. 18:13.906 --> 18:18.510 Lekala la Tshireletso la GDR le ne le le Strausberg, eseng Berlin. 18:18.510 --> 18:25.924 Ka hona ba tsamaea ka koloi, mme kamora 8:40 bosiu ba ne ba le Strausberg hoo e ka bang ka 10 18:25.924 --> 18:30.096 bosiu, mme ke moo taba e qalileng ho namela teng. 18:30.096 --> 18:39.345 Empa Ma-Soviet a ne a kentse letsoho tabeng ena, ka hona mehopolo ea ho kanna ea ho kenya tšebetsong li-division tsa pele 18:39.345 --> 18:44.243 tsa masole a lithunya tse tsamaeang ka likoloi e ile ea hanoa. 18:44.243 --> 18:45.563 Ho a thabisa. Michael 18:45.563 --> 18:52.612 Mme haeba ho na le dipotso tse hlahang hona jwale, empa ho ne ho ena le bafetohedi ba nang le kgotso, 18:52.612 --> 18:56.070 ehlile ba ne ba le teng, hobane ba ne ba itokiseditse. 18:56.070 --> 19:04.594 Kahoo seo se ne se tsoa tšebeletsong ea bohlale ea sesole sa Soviet, eseng ho Stasi kapa KGB, empa hape le ho tsoa 19:04.594 --> 19:11.381 lits'ebeletsong tsa Bophirimela, e le hore batho ba tsoe literateng, ba etse boipelaetso, ba kenye 19:11.381 --> 19:18.400 likerese lifensetereng tsa bona joalo-joalo, e le hore tsena tsohle li ne li se li ntse li le teng. 19:18.400 --> 19:25.149 Etsoe, e ne e tla hlokahala hamorao ho pheta pale ea bafetoheli ba lerato. 19:25.149 --> 19:30.120 Mme ho ne ho ke ke ha lekana hore e be batho ba bararo feela ba eme moo ba re, "Bona, bana e ne e le bafetoheli ba bararo ba 19:30.120 --> 19:32.630 nang le kgotso," hobane seo se ne se ke ke sa sebetsa hantle. 19:32.630 --> 19:38.401 Kahoo e ne e tlameha ho ba mokhatlo o akaretsang, hape le ka sebaka, eseng feela Leipzig le Berlin, empa le litoropong 19:38.401 --> 19:41.760 tse ling moo boipelaetso bona bo neng bo etsahala teng. 19:41.760 --> 19:47.672 Hoa thabisa. Kahoo, ho akaretsa seo re se buileng ho fihlela joale, hobane re bona ntho e tšoanang e etsahala kajeno, 19:47.672 --> 19:55.328 ha batho ba likete tse mashome ba tsoela literateng ka Mantaha ho etsa boipelaetso, hantle joaloka mehleng eo. 19:55.328 --> 20:04.320 Joale o re boetapele ba Soviet bo ne bo rerile ho putlama ha Lebota la Berlin mme ba sebedisa boipelaetso bona. 20:04.320 --> 20:10.363 Qetellong, o fane ka maikutlo a hore mekhatlo ea bohlale ea Bophirimela le eona e bile le karolo e mafolofolo. 20:10.363 --> 20:16.057 Kahoo, na ke utloisisitse hantle hore Botjhabela le Bophirimela, tseo ka molao e neng e le 20:16.057 --> 20:19.616 lira, joale li sebetsa 'moho ka morero o le mong? 20:19.616 --> 20:28.669 Ke nahana jwalo. O ka bona hore mohopolo ona o tshwanang o bile teng nalaneng ho tloha ka 1917, 18. 20:28.669 --> 20:36.870 Hona joale ho na le libuka tse se nang palo tse paka hore tšebelisano ena e ne e le teng. 20:36.870 --> 20:43.628 Boholo ba yona e ne e le lefapheng la moruo, empa karolo e nngwe e ne e le hape lefapheng la dipolotiki, mme ka 20:43.628 --> 20:51.380 hona, ruri ho ne ho e-na le dipuisano tsa kamehla pakeng tsa ditshebeletso tsa dinaha tsa feterale. 20:51.380 --> 20:58.100 Hoa khahla. Kahoo ho ne ho e-na le marokho lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo ea Bochabela le Bophirimela? 20:58.100 --> 21:03.840 Nka re e. Hantle, ke sebelitse borokhong bo joalo. Seo e ne e le khoebong. 21:03.840 --> 21:08.803 GDR e ne e thahasella haholo ho hohela likhoebo tsena tsa US. 21:08.803 --> 21:16.025 Ha likoporasi tsena tsa Amerika li fihla ka 1985, e tlameha ebe li ne li se li ntse li tseba ho hong, hobane li 21:16.025 --> 21:22.816 ile tsa fihla ka nako e le 'ngoe 'me li ne li batla ho hira baahi ba Jeremane Bochabela e le basebetsi. 21:22.816 --> 21:29.097 Ba ka be ba tlile le batho ba bona ka nako eo, ba ka be ba batlile batho Berlin Bophirimela, mme ba ka be 21:29.097 --> 21:34.115 ba sebelisitse barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba neng ba hlophisitsoe ke Setsi sa Machaba sa Khoebo. 21:34.115 --> 21:35.903 Mme ba ne ba batla ya morao. 21:35.903 --> 21:45.949 Empa ba ne ba le sieo, kahoo ho ile ha hlokahala hore ho qaloe patlo, hobane batho bana ba ne ba hloka pasepoto ea Bophirimela. 21:45.949 --> 21:53.040 Kahoo ba ile ba tlameha ho feta tsohle tsa GDR, ha re ka rialo, e le hore e be basebeletsi ba tsa maeto. 21:53.040 --> 21:58.856 Eaba ke atamelwa mme ka kgahlehela mosebetsi oo, ka hoo ka re e. 21:58.856 --> 22:06.304 Mme ka qala mosebetsi ona qalong ya 1986, ka Mmesa. 22:06.304 --> 22:10.903 Empa ho ne ho ena le marokho a mang a 'maloa, haeba re hopola. 22:10.903 --> 22:15.516 Kahoo Angela Merkel o tswa lelapeng la matona. 22:15.516 --> 22:22.880 Mme moruti, Monghadi Kassner, o ne a na le setsi sa kwetliso bakeng sa boruti ba thuto ya bodumedi Templin. 22:22.880 --> 22:30.036 Litsebi tsa thuto ea bolumeli tse tsoang Europe Bophirimela le tsona e ne e le baeti ba kamehla moo. 22:30.036 --> 22:36.203 Mme mohlomong ba se ba ntse ba shebile Angela. 22:36.203 --> 22:41.296 Ke mang ya tsebang. Empa ho utlwahala eka ho na le morero o itseng o sebetsang mona. 22:41.296 --> 22:49.850 Kahoo ha se morero o qapiloeng maobane feela, akere? Joale e se e na le nako e kae e ntse e lokisoa? 22:49.850 --> 22:56.456 Ke nahana jwalo. Ha re hloke ho kgutlela ho Karl Marx ka botlalo mona. 22:56.456 --> 23:03.375 Empa lona basebetsi ba linaha tsohle, kopanang! E sebetsa feela haeba borakapitalisi ba linaha tsohle ba 23:03.375 --> 23:07.920 kopane, hobane basebetsi ba itšetlehile ka borakapitalisi. 23:07.920 --> 23:20.832 Empa ka mora moo ho bile le Phetohelo ea Mphalane ka 1917, mme ho tloha ka nako eo ho bile le libuka tse ngata, haholo-holo tse 23:20.832 --> 23:30.185 tsoang United States, tse hlalosang ka botlalo kamano pakeng tsa Wall Street le Phetohelo ea 23:30.185 --> 23:35.700 Bolshevik, mohlala, tse ngotsoeng ke Anthony Sutton. 23:35.700 --> 23:46.467 E boetse e hlalositse kamoo Trotsky le Lenin, ba tšehelitsoe ka lichelete, e mong ke e mong oa bathehi ba Federal 23:46.467 --> 23:56.496 Reserve mme e mong ke ho tsoa ho Abwehr ea Jeremane, ba ileng ba ea Petrograd ho qholotsa phetohelo moo. 23:56.496 --> 24:07.120 Ba bang hobane ba ne ba bone hore naha e loketse phetoho, e leng borakhabankara ba US, ba neng ba batla ho beha naha tlas'a taolo 24:07.120 --> 24:17.331 ea bona, ha re ka rialo, le Lenin hobane o ne a hlokahala ho tiisa tumellano ea khutliso ea ntoa, e ileng ea fetoha selemena 24:17.331 --> 24:22.380 sa khotso hamorao, le ho lokolla Jeremane ntoeng ea bobeli. 24:22.380 --> 24:31.257 Kahoo seo se bolela hore Tumellano ea Brest-Litovsk e ile ea phetheloa 'me Jeremane ea ikhula ho kopanong 24:31.257 --> 24:36.064 ena ea Mabotho a Tšehali – ee, Russia e ile ea ikhula. 24:36.064 --> 24:44.740 Ka nako eo, e ne e ntse e le Mmuso oa Borussia; Soviet Union e thehiloe feela ka Tšitoe 1922, empa e ne e le nako ea phetoho. 24:44.740 --> 24:56.255 Mme ka nako eo, Maamerika a ile a theha monna ya neng a se a ntse a tseba Lenin mme a etsa ditumellano 24:56.255 --> 25:02.150 tsa pele le yena. Monna eo e ne e le Armand Hammer. 25:02.150 --> 25:09.343 Mme ho fihlela lefung la hae ka 1990, nakoana pele a hlokahala, e ne e le sehokelo pakeng 25:09.343 --> 25:13.856 tsa motheo wa dipolotiki wa US le Politburo. 25:13.856 --> 25:24.162 Mme merero ena yohle e meholo ya ho kenya thepa ya Soviet Union, e neng e akaretsa difeme, diteishene tsa motlakase wa metsi, empa 25:24.162 --> 25:31.138 hape le tumellano ya naha le ya khiriso nakong ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe, di ile tsa 25:31.138 --> 25:37.740 phethelwa tlasa tshireletso ya hae, ha re ka rialo. 25:37.740 --> 25:42.820 Eya, hape, Armand Hammer e ne e le bilioneha ka lilemo tse ngata. 25:42.820 --> 25:49.603 Ntate wa hae e ne e le mothehi wa Mokgatlo wa Bokomonisi, hape e le mothehi-mmoho wa Mokgatlo wa Bokomonisi wa United States. 25:49.603 --> 25:55.246 Mme, ehlile, o ne a boetse e le moamohedi wa Order of Lenin. 25:55.246 --> 25:59.940 Ho na le kgokahano e hlakileng pakeng tsa diboloko tsena tse pedi, motho o tlameha ho bolela. 25:59.940 --> 26:05.340 Empa jwale, hapehape, hobane ke dumela hore ho bohlokwa haholo bakeng sa se etsahalang kajeno, ha re shebeng morao. 26:05.340 --> 26:14.029 U boletse hore FED, ke hore, Federal Reserve, e leng matla a maholo a lichelete lefatšeng 26:14.029 --> 26:18.740 la Bophirimela, e qalile Phetohelo ea Mphalane. 26:18.740 --> 26:19.580 E. 26:19.580 --> 26:24.543 Kahoo e tlameha ebe ba ne ba na le dithahasello tsa ditjhelete tse hlakileng haholo moo? 26:24.543 --> 26:31.552 Ehlile. Thahasello e ne e le ho laola Russia. 26:31.552 --> 26:33.920 Empa o ne o ke ke wa etsa seo ka kotloloho. 26:33.920 --> 26:41.960 Kahoo ba ile ba leka seo, ho bile le ntoa ena ea lehae, eo hape e neng e kenyelelitse 26:41.960 --> 26:46.560 bahlabani ba Maamerika, Mabrithani le Majapane. 26:46.560 --> 26:48.816 Empa naha e ne e le kholo haholo. 26:48.816 --> 27:01.936 Mme ke sona hantle seo ba leketseng ho se etsa moo: ho theha mmuso o neng o itshetlehile ka bona, empa o sa tsejwe ke lefatshe. 27:01.936 --> 27:09.265 Ho ne ho se na motho ea ka neng a nahana hore makomonisi ana a Marussia qetellong a ile a tšehetsoa ka lichelete ke 27:09.265 --> 27:13.760 Bophirimela mehatong ea qaleho, eaba hamorao a laoloa ke bona. 27:13.760 --> 27:23.220 Hape ke lona lebaka le etsang hore batho ba bangata ba sitoe ho utlwisisa hore Soviet Union e ile ya qhaqholla tsamaiso ya yona. 27:25.200 --> 27:32.950 Kahoo ho putlama ha Lebota la Berlin ho bile hoo e ka bang ho lokolla tshwaro hodima dinaha tsa bososhialiste tsa Yuropa. 27:32.950 --> 27:40.282 Eaba ho latela ho huloa ha sesole sa Soviet, ho ileng ha nka ho fihlela ka 1994, mme ka 27:40.282 --> 27:44.496 mora moo ho putlama ha Soviet Union ka boeona. 27:44.496 --> 27:50.410 Mme ha Gorbachev a kena pusong, o ile a hlalosa sena ka bokgabane ka mantswe a reng perestroika le glasnost. 27:50.410 --> 27:57.562 Perestroika e bolela ho hlophisa bocha, mme glasnost e bolela ho buleha, ponaletso. Mme ke sona 27:57.562 --> 28:01.200 hantle seo a neng a batla ho se hlophisa bocha. 28:01.200 --> 28:09.323 Mme seo re ileng ra se itemohela ke hore sena se ile sa hlahisa sehlopha sa babusisi ba seng bakae, mme Politburo ena le 28:09.323 --> 28:13.952 mokgatlo, ka meaho ya ona yohle, tsa nyamela ka tshohanyetso. 28:13.952 --> 28:21.024 Mme ntwa ya maemo eo re neng re ena le yona ka nako eo e fetohile ntwa ya tlelaemete. 28:21.024 --> 28:24.320 Ho lokile, seo se re tlisa matsatsing ana, ke nahana. 28:24.320 --> 28:25.440 E, e. 28:25.440 --> 28:29.040 Eo e ne e tla ba potso ya ka e latelang. 28:29.040 --> 28:36.124 U hlalositse kamoo, ho theosa le nalane ea Russia, kapa Soviet Union, ho lulang ho e-na le 28:36.124 --> 28:41.180 tšusumetso ea bo-oligarka ba baholo ba lichelete. 28:41.180 --> 28:44.320 Hela, kajeno? 28:46.816 --> 28:53.260 Michael Wolski:] Hantle, ke nahana hore ba ntse ba falimehile, empa ha ba bonahale ka tsela eo. 28:53.260 --> 29:03.000 Mme seo re se jesiswang, ho fihlela ka 1990 e ne e le mokgatlo wa basebetsi, ntwa ya maemo, proletariat ya dinaha tsohle e 29:03.000 --> 29:12.126 kopaneng, mantswe ohle a jwalo a se nang moelelo, ao jwale a nkelweng sebaka ke mantswe a mang a se nang moelelo. 29:12.126 --> 29:16.743 Mme seo se hlahisa potso ya hore na sena se bile teng jwang. 29:16.743 --> 29:20.083 Phetolo ena e bile teng ka lebaka la eng? 29:20.083 --> 29:27.424 Mme seo se re kgutlisetsa ho kaho ya mabota, ho kenyeleditswe le Lebota la Berlin. 29:27.424 --> 29:39.707 Hobane lilemong tsa bo-1960, ho bile le phetoho ena, empa ka morao ho tsamaiso ea pele ea bososhialiste, ho ne ho 29:39.707 --> 29:47.600 ntse ho hlahisoa leano le lecha, khopolo-taba le tse ling. 29:47.600 --> 29:49.380 E re ke e hlalosetse tjena: 29:49.380 --> 29:58.065 Kaho ea Lebota e laetsoe ke Ma-Soviet ka 1960, kahoo ho ile ha hlokahala hore ho etsoe litokisetso ho netefatsa hore 29:58.065 --> 30:06.860 GDR, ka moruo oa eona o reriloeng, e ka fumana sohle seo e se hlokang: lisebelisoa tsa kaho le matla a basebetsi. 30:06.860 --> 30:10.460 Mme yaba ba haha lerako. 30:10.460 --> 30:19.755 Lebaka e ne e le hore Mafatshe a Selekane a Bophirimela a ne a sa batle ho amohela tlhahiso ya Soviet ya ho fetola maemo 30:19.755 --> 30:25.180 a dipolotiki Berlin Bophirimela, e leng Ultimatum ya Berlin. 30:25.180 --> 30:33.871 Mme yaba lebota le ahwa, mme yaba ho bonahala hore sena se ne se batla se isa GDR boemong 30:33.871 --> 30:38.800 ba ho se busuwe, ke hore, ho putlama ha moruo. 30:38.800 --> 30:46.695 E ne e se morero, ho ne ho se na motho ea ka be a e boletse esale pele, empa ho ile ha paka hore GDR, e leng naha e le 30:46.695 --> 30:55.104 'ngoe feela e indasterileng ka har'a Eastern Bloc, moruo o reriloeng oa bososhialiste o ne o sa sebetse. 30:55.104 --> 31:07.680 Ruri le utlwile ka Lefapha la Tshebedisano ya Kgwebo le hlooho ya lona, Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski. 31:07.680 --> 31:15.330 Pale ena e qala ka 1962, ha Schalck-Golodkowski a fetoha mongoli wa pele wa boetapele ba setereke sa SED bakeng sa kgwebisano ya 31:15.330 --> 31:22.503 kantle ho naha mme jwale o ne a le tlasa kgatello ho tswa ho dikhamphani tse ka bang 30 tsa kgwebisano ya kantle ho naha 31:22.503 --> 31:29.879 tse neng di le teng – ba bang ba ne ba sa dumellwa ho etsa sena GDR – hore a theole dipheo tsa thekiso ya kantle ho naha. 31:29.879 --> 31:35.897 Etsoe, GDR e ne e le naha e tsoetseng pele ka liindasteri, 'me e ne e reka thepa e tala le lihlahisoa tse sa qetelloang e 31:35.897 --> 31:42.880 le hore e li sebetse ebe e li rekisa lefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo ho Rephaboliki ea Federale ea Jeremane, ehlile. 31:42.880 --> 31:53.261 Empa hobane moruo ona o reriloeng o ne o tiee haholo, lintho tse nyenyane tse kang litokiso, likarolo tsa tlatsetso le 31:53.261 --> 31:59.104 lisebelisoa li ne li sa rekoe, 'me mechini ea sala e sa sebetse. 31:59.104 --> 32:06.441 Eaba lik'hamphani, lik'hamphani tsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha, li tla 'me tsa re, e, ha re khone ho romela 32:06.441 --> 32:12.256 thepa kantle hobane k'hamphani XY e sitoa ho e isa hobane ha ho na likarolo tsa tlatsetso. 32:12.256 --> 32:21.437 Mme ka 1962 le 1963, Schalck o ne a se a buisane le molaodi wa hae wa MFS mabapi le hore na sena se ka 32:21.437 --> 32:26.413 fetolwa jwang, empa mohopolo oo o ile wa hanwa Moscow. 32:26.413 --> 32:36.968 Ka 1964, maemo a ile a mpefala le ho feta, Khrushchev o ile a lelekwa pusong, mme ka 1965 Moscow ya fana ka tumello hore 32:36.968 --> 32:48.261 sebopeho sena se tsamaiswe ka ho bapana le moruo o rerilweng e le kgwebisano ya poraefete ya kantle ho naha ka hare ho GDR. 32:48.261 --> 32:56.820 Eaba ka 1966 ho ba le tokomane ea motheo, mme sebaka sena sa khokahanyo ea khoebo sa thehoa ka molaoana. 32:56.820 --> 33:02.953 Kahoo seo ha se a ka sa phatlalatswa gazetheng ya semmuso; seo se ka be se sitisitse tshebetso. 33:02.953 --> 33:15.456 Bophirimela bo ka be bo ntse bo itheka marama matsatsi a mangata, bo re GDR e pakile hore bokomonisi ha bo sebetse. 33:15.456 --> 33:24.726 Empa sena se ile sa lebisa hore Bophirimela bo fumane tlhahisoleseding ho tloha ka 1968 ho ya pele, ka letsoho la 33:24.726 --> 33:35.227 molaoli-kakaretso wa Stasi ya Czech ya neng a balehile, hore ho ne ho phatlaladitswe kopanong ya lehwetla ya Warsaw Pact ka 1966 33:35.227 --> 33:42.200 hore thuto yohle ya bososhialiste e ne e tla fetolwa le hore Bophirimela bo ne bo tla 33:42.200 --> 33:46.210 dumellwa ho hola ho kena bososhialisteng. 33:46.210 --> 33:52.111 Mme se kgahlang ke hore, selemong se fetileng hlooho ya pele ya Ofisi ya Federale ya 33:52.111 --> 33:55.850 Tshireletso ya Molaotheo e tiisitse hantle seo. 33:55.850 --> 33:59.170 Na re e mamele? 33:59.170 --> 34:06.226 …Ke 'muelli oa molao, mookameli oa ka e ka ba molaoli kapa ea lakatsang ho ba molaoli, 'me a re, Monghali Maaßen, nahana 34:06.226 --> 34:13.029 ka hore na o ka fetola demokerasi e lokolohileng joang hore e be 'muso oa bohatelli o sebetsang ka mokhoa oo ke o ratang. 34:13.029 --> 34:19.403 Ebe nka boela ka nahana ka mekgwa e ka sebediswang ho qheletsa tsamaiso yohle. 34:19.403 --> 34:28.010 Mme tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fetola tsamaiso hore e be ea bokopano, moo batho bohle ba lumellanang le ho nahana ka tsela e 34:28.010 --> 34:32.669 tšoanang, ke ho ba tšosa le ho ba ipehela sepheo se phahameng. 34:32.669 --> 34:39.578 Mme ke tlameha ho bolela, mohopolo oa ho sebelisa maemo a leholimo ho nyenyefatsa molaotheo e ne e le o 34:39.578 --> 34:43.648 bohlale, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke mang ea o nahanetseng. 34:43.648 --> 34:50.483 Kea tseba hore mehleng ya bo-1960, ho ne ho se ho na le batho ho KGB ba neng ba nahana ka mokgwa wa ho etsa hore 34:50.483 --> 34:54.170 dinaha tsa Bophirimela di kene tsamaisong ya bososhialiste. 34:54.170 --> 35:01.845 Mehleng eo, tšireletso ea tikoloho e ne e se e ntse e tšohloa ho KGB. Ka litaba tse kang tikoloho le khanyetso ea khethollo ea 35:01.845 --> 35:08.059 morabe, joalo-joalo, o ka kholisa batho hore ba re, ha re beheleng demokrasi le puso ea molao ka thoko 35:08.059 --> 35:13.810 hajoale, taba ea bohlokoa ke khanyetso ea khethollo ea morabe, taba ea bohlokoa ke tikoloho. 35:13.810 --> 35:16.836 Tsena e ne e le mehopolo eo KGB e neng e e-na le eona ka bo-1960. 35:16.836 --> 35:22.663 Empa ke tlameha ho re, ka ho phahamisa taba ea phetoho ea tlelaemete, kea u hlompha. 35:22.663 --> 35:29.850 Ke ntho e hlollang kannete ho sebedisa taba ya tlelaemete e le mokgwa wa ho fokolisa mmuso wa molaotheo wa demokerasi. 35:29.850 --> 35:40.963 E, mme seo se re tlisa ho lipakane tse neng li behiloe Soviet Union ka 1966. 35:40.963 --> 35:44.510 Sepheo sa pele e ne e le ho dumella Bophirimela hore bo hole. 35:44.510 --> 35:49.570 Mme sepheo sa bobedi e ne e le ho etsa tjhelete ka tlelaemete. 35:49.570 --> 35:51.536 Ke seo se etsahetseng. 35:51.536 --> 36:00.721 Kahoo mohato oa pele e bile ho eletsa Motheo oa Roma ka 1967, mothehi oa Motheo oa Roma, ha re ka rialo, mabapi le 36:00.721 --> 36:09.010 hore na o ka o theha joang le hore na lintlha tsa oona tsa sehlooho tse lokelang ho shebisisoa ke life. 36:09.010 --> 36:15.910 O ile a fofela Soviet Union ka nako eo mme a ba le dipuisano tse telele. 36:15.910 --> 36:25.449 Mme kamora moo, ha Club of Rome e thehwa, baokamedi ba babedi ba KGB e ne e dula e le ditho, ditho 36:25.449 --> 36:30.536 tse feletseng, tsa Club of Rome ho fihlela ka 1992. 36:30.536 --> 36:34.590 Nke ke ka bolela se etsahetseng kamora moo, empa ho ngotsoe. 36:34.590 --> 36:44.125 Ntlha e 'ngoe ke hore ho ile ha thehoa setsi se kopanetsoeng haufi le Vienna le Maamerika ho sebetsana le ho putlama ha Soviet 36:44.125 --> 36:50.482 Union, moo basebeletsi ba lipolotiki ba ileng ba koetlisetsoa ho tloha ka 1982 ho ea 36:50.482 --> 36:54.272 pele bakeng sa mehla ea kamorao ho perestroika. 36:54.272 --> 37:06.406 Seo se bolela hore ho na le mabitso a kang Chubais, Wechselberg, Arwen le a mang, ba ileng ba koetlisetsoa moo eaba, 37:06.406 --> 37:17.206 qetellong ea perestroika, ba kenella ho etsa hore thepa ea sechaba, thepa ea 'muso, e be ea poraefete. 37:17.206 --> 37:23.040 Mme ke kamoo ba ileng ba fetoha bo-bilione kapa bo-oligarke bao re buang ka bona. 37:23.040 --> 37:29.920 Naheng ea United States, ho nkile lilemo tse 200 hore matlotlo ana a hlahelle. 37:29.920 --> 37:37.380 Mme hoo e ne e le dilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano tse fetileng, ha boradipolotiki bana ba matla ba hlahile. 37:37.380 --> 37:45.504 Mme bohle ba ile ba makala ka hore na batho bana ba ruile kapele hakae. 37:45.504 --> 37:47.328 Ruile ka tsela efe? 37:47.328 --> 37:53.582 Ka ho rekisetsa lik'hamphani tsa poraefete, hobane ba ne ba le mohloling 'me ba ka rekisetsa lik'hamphani 37:53.582 --> 37:56.823 tsa poraefete likhoebo tse amehang, e leng tsa mmuso. 37:56.823 --> 37:59.963 Eo e ne e le ts'ebetso e rarahaneng haholo. 37:59.963 --> 38:05.240 Buka e boetse e hlalosa tshebetso ena ka botlalo. 38:05.240 --> 38:11.883 Mme bo-oligarka ba tsoang Bophirimela, bo-oligarka ba lichelete, le bona ba ne ba kenetse. 38:11.883 --> 38:16.960 Mme ba ne ba kgethile dikarolo tsa boleng bo hodimo indastering ya thepa e tala. 38:16.960 --> 38:25.828 Mme Khodorkovsky ke mohlala o jwalo, Abramovich ke e mong, ba ileng ba fumana dikadimo ho tswa Bophirimela, ba ne ba se ba 38:25.828 --> 38:34.406 filwe ditshepiso tsa dikadimo ho tloha ka 1988, mme yaba, ha thekiso ya dikhamphani tsa mmuso e ntse e tswela pele, ba 38:34.406 --> 38:39.140 fumana dikhamphani tsena e le batlhokomedi, ha re ka rialo. 38:39.140 --> 38:43.100 Ehlile, seo se ne se sa bonahale. Motšepuoa, e, o se file motho e mong. 38:43.100 --> 38:47.083 Empa o ne a eme ka pele mme bohle ba ne ba nahana hore ke mong'a teng. 38:47.083 --> 38:56.385 Mme Roman Abramovich o na le dimilione tse 100 – seo le sona se ngotswe bukeng. Naheng ya US, ho na le mokgatlo o bitswang Finken, 38:56.385 --> 39:04.546 e leng mofuta wa lefapha la taolo le fuputsang ditlolo tsa molao tsa ditjhelete, mme ho na le sengolwa se selelele ka ona. 39:04.546 --> 39:12.858 Kahoo o ile a fumana kalimo ya didolara tse dimilione tse 100 mme a tsetela tjhelete eo khamphaning ya oli, eo a ileng 39:12.858 --> 39:20.490 a e rekisa dilemo tse leshome kapa tse leshome le metso e mmedi hamorao ka didolara tse dibilione tse 13.5. 39:20.490 --> 39:25.400 Hantle, 'me joale o phela ka lona lonto tse tharo tseo, e. 39:25.400 --> 39:36.296 Hoo ho feteletse hanyane. Kahoo, haeba ke utlwisisa hantle, ke kabo e hlanyang ya leruo la setjhaba? 39:36.296 --> 39:44.912 E, kamora phetohelo ya pele, ha dikereke tsohle, batlotlehi le beng ba naha ba baholo, barekisi le bo-rakgwebo, ka 39:44.912 --> 39:49.320 mantsoe a mang, bo-kapitaliste, ba amohuwa thepa ya bona. 39:49.320 --> 39:53.493 Ba bangata ba ile ba bolaoa tshebetsong eo, ba bangata ba ile ba balehela Europe. 39:53.493 --> 40:04.224 Mme eo e bile letsholo la bobedi la kabo botjha, moo batho ba ileng ba ruwa ka nako e kgutshwane haholo. 40:04.224 --> 40:10.369 Mehleng eo, mathwasong a lilemo tsa bo-1920 nakong eo ea moferefere, hoo e ka bang ntho e 'ngoe le e 40:10.369 --> 40:16.693 'ngoe e ile ea fetisetsoa mmusong 'me ea se ke ea abeloa batho ka bomong, ke hore, ea abuoa bocha. 40:16.693 --> 40:23.900 Kahoo, joale seo Monghadi Maaßen a se buileng ka tlelaemete ke kabo bocha ea boraro. 40:23.900 --> 40:30.233 Hajoale, ntwa ya maemo a batho e fetohile ntwa ya tlelaemete. 40:30.233 --> 40:40.300 Mme haeba eo e ne e le motho eo, ha re ka rialo, e leng mokapitale, kajeno ke sera sa bahlabani ba tlelaemete, baetsadibe 40:40.300 --> 40:45.566 ba tlelaemete, le ba senyang tlelaemete ka tsela efe kapa efe. 40:45.566 --> 40:55.375 Ka hona, mohopolo ona kaofela joale o fihlile boemong boo re nang le makhetho a CO2 – taba eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho le eona 40:55.375 --> 41:01.914 ke karolo ea sena, ho bolelang hore ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e leng ea tlhaho e turu ho 41:01.914 --> 41:05.513 feta – empa hape le lithibelo tsa ho tsamaea. 41:05.513 --> 41:13.212 Jwale re ka bona hore Sehlopha sa VW se ntse se fokotswa, ke hore, se ntse se honyela. 41:13.212 --> 41:19.125 Qetellong, seo se bolela hore ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a tlelaemete, lipalangoang tsa poraefete ha li sa 41:19.125 --> 41:25.006 lakatseha; nahana ka litoropo tsa metsotso e 15, moo o ka etsang ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka baesekele. 41:25.006 --> 41:30.433 Mme haeba o batla ho tloha toropong ya metsotso e 15, jwale o hloka tumello naheng ya China. 41:30.433 --> 41:32.780 Ho seng jwalo, o ke ke wa feta tshitiso. 41:32.780 --> 41:39.353 Ka hona mekhatlo e hlophisitseng sena e se e boetse e fumana chelete. 41:39.353 --> 41:41.251 Chelete e etsoa ka moea o chesang. 41:41.251 --> 41:45.984 Mme jwale ke bua ka Monghadi Maaßen. 41:45.984 --> 41:57.840 Hoa thabisa. Kahoo, ha re akaretsa, na re ka qotsa mothehi oa rona ea molemo oa WEF? 41:57.840 --> 41:58.933 E. 41:58.933 --> 42:00.773 Klaus Schwab. 42:00.773 --> 42:05.280 Michael Wolski E, le hona ho a khahla. 42:05.280 --> 42:13.826 WEF, e leng Foramo ea Moruo ea Lefatše, e thehiloe ka 1972 ke eena, 'me o ntse a le teng le kajeno, ke lefika la 'nete. 42:13.826 --> 42:19.180 Le ke ke la ba le letho, 'me le tla thaba; ke sona sepheo. 42:19.180 --> 42:22.320 Mme seo se re kgutlisetsa ho setjhaba sa bososhialiste. 42:22.320 --> 42:30.497 Joale ba bua ka makhetho ana a CO2, litsamaiso tse ncha tsa ho futhumatsa – 40% ea batho naheng ea Jeremane ba na le 42:30.497 --> 42:38.750 matlo a bona, 'me ha ke tsebe hore na ke ba bakae ba bona ba tla khona ho lefella sistimi e ncha ea ho futhumatsa. 42:38.750 --> 42:45.253 Mme yaba dikhamphani tse tummeng tsa Black Rocks le tse tshwanang le tsona di ka nna tsa ema teng mme tsa re, ho lokile, 42:45.253 --> 42:52.100 re tla e reka ho tswa letlotlong la ho putlama ha kgwebo, ho tswa fantising ya thekiso ya thepa e hapilweng. 42:52.100 --> 43:00.830 E, ke ka re, ho hotetsa kelello haholo-holo, hore na re se re fihlile hole hakae tseleng ena ea bobeli. 43:00.830 --> 43:01.490 E. 43:01.490 --> 43:09.189 Motshwantshisi wa KlaTV Motho o tlameha ho botsa hona jwale hore na bososhialise bo hlile bo shwele hakae ka 1989. 43:09.189 --> 43:18.952 Empa ho akaretsa, ho ka ba thata haholo ho nahana hore ho na le matla a patiloeng a sebetsang mona, a 43:18.952 --> 43:24.003 bonahalang ka ho hlaka a loantša boiketlo ba batho. 43:24.003 --> 43:33.129 Mme ho fihlela jwale, ho bohlale ka tsela e makatsang, motho a ka batla a re, ha e le hantle, ho akaretsa tsohle. 43:33.129 --> 43:38.336 E, hore mohlomong tsohle di laolwa ke bohlale ba maiketsetso. 43:38.336 --> 43:48.063 E, qetellong ya puisano ena e kgahlang haholo, nka kopa ho botsa hore na ho ka etswa eng hape hona jwale? 43:48.063 --> 44:00.670 Hantle, o ka itlhomamisa ka ho fumana tlhahisoleseding e batsi, ke hore, eseng feela ho fumana tsebo ya hao ho tswa ditabeng tsa 44:00.670 --> 44:09.230 letsatsi le letsatsi, MoMa le Netflix, empa hape ka ho sebedisa mecha ya phatlalatso e meng 44:09.230 --> 44:14.240 kapa ho nka kgothatso ho tswa mehloding e kang ena. 44:14.240 --> 44:23.751 Ke na le lihokelo tse ka bang 100 bukeng ena tse lebisang liwebsaeteng moo o ka fumanang lihokelo tsa 44:23.751 --> 44:32.533 lihlooho tse fapaneng, oa bokella mehopolo e mecha ebe o tsoela pele ka lipatlisiso tsa hau. 44:32.533 --> 44:40.309 Empa seo se bolela ho ikoetlisa, eseng ho dula ka pela thelevishene o jara mokotlana wa di-crisps mantsiboya. 44:40.309 --> 44:45.060 E, ke nahana re tla nka seo pelong: ho ba mafolofolo. Ke a leboha haholo ka puisano ena. 44:45.060 --> 44:46.700 Le wena ke a leboha. 44:46.700 --> 44:48.930 Mme re tla boela re bonana hape. 44:48.930 --> 44:50.983 E, kea leboha.