1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,520


2
00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:02,560
Siyakwamukela, Mnu. Wolski.

3
00:00:02,560 --> 00:00:05,560
Ngiyabonga ngesimemo esivela ku-KlaTV.

4
00:00:05,560 --> 00:00:12,840
Yebo, ngenjabulo. Senza le ngxoxo ngosuku
olukhunjulwayo kakhulu, usuku lokugubha lwe-9 Novemba.

5
00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:19,840
Manje sekuphelile ngqo iminyaka engu-35
kusukela ukuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin ngo-1989.

6
00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:27,976
Ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningana ezithakazelisayo kakhulu
ngalesi sihloko, ezingatholakala futhi kuwebhusayithi yakho.

7
00:00:27,976 --> 00:00:34,016
Futhi ngaphambi kokuba siqale, ake
kuqala sikwethule kubabukeli bethu.

8
00:00:34,016 --> 00:00:39,560
uMichael Wolski wazalelwa eSaxony
ngo-1952 wakhulela eBerlin YaseMpumalanga.

9
00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:42,304
Ungubaba wezingane ezintathu.

10
00:00:42,304 --> 00:00:48,080
Ngo-1970, ngemva kokuqeda imfundo yakhe yesibili,
waphothula iziqu kwezomnotho, egxile kwezohwebo lwangaphandle.

11
00:00:48,080 --> 00:00:53,664
Ukusukela ngo-1974 kuqhubeke, uMnu. Wolski
wasebenza kwezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe e-GDR.

12
00:00:53,664 --> 00:00:59,776
Kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1990, wayengumxhumanisi
wezohwebo lwangaphandle lwe-GDR ehhovisi lenkampani yase-US

13
00:00:59,776 --> 00:01:03,620
eSikhungweni Sezohwebo Zamazwe Ngamazwe eMpumalanga Berlin.

14
00:01:03,620 --> 00:01:10,440
NgoDisemba 1989, wathatha umsebenzi wokusungula
inkampani yokuthengisa eMpumalanga Berlin egameni leqembu.

15
00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:14,523
Leli yala laphinde laqedwa ngoJanuwari 1990.

16
00:01:14,523 --> 00:01:18,620
Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, uMnu. Wolski wadluliselwa eMoscow.

17
00:01:18,620 --> 00:01:28,096
Lapho wayengumsunguli nomphathi wehhovisi elimele leqembu
e-USSR, wabona ukuwa kweSoviet Union nokuguqulwa kweRussia.

18
00:01:28,096 --> 00:01:33,632
Ngo-1998, wabuyela eBerlin futhi wasebenza
njengomeluleki ezinkampanini zaseRussia.

19
00:01:33,632 --> 00:01:40,160
Kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2012, wayengumsunguli nomqondisi
weNhlangano Yezamabhizinisi YaseJalimane neBosnia eSarajevo.

20
00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:43,736
UMichael Wolski usethathe umhlalaphansi kusukela ngo-2014.

21
00:01:43,736 --> 00:01:48,080
Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezinhlanu
mayelana nokuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin.

22
00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:57,428
Ezinkumbulweni zethu nasemibikweni yezindaba, ukuwa kodonga
lwaseBerlin ngo-1989 kuhlala kubonakala njengenguquko enokuthula,

23
00:01:57,428 --> 00:02:02,440
njengomphumela wokunganeliseki phakathi kwabantu base-GDR.

24
00:02:02,440 --> 00:02:07,310
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngokuthula nemibhikisho.

25
00:02:07,310 --> 00:02:13,896
Futhi encwadini yakho ethi '1989: Ukuwa Kodonga LwaseBerlin',
ukubuyekezwa emuva kweminyaka engu-35, wena, njengofakazi

26
00:02:13,896 --> 00:02:19,843
waleso sikhathi, uchaza ukuwa kodonga njengesehlakalo
esihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi esenziwe ngokwehlelo.

27
00:02:19,843 --> 00:02:22,260
Yini ekwenza ucabange kanjalo?

28
00:02:22,260 --> 00:02:32,605
Yebo, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambilini ku-CV yami, ngasebenza
ehhovisi lomeleli lenkampani yase-US e-East

29
00:02:32,605 --> 00:02:42,180
Berlin kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1990, lapho
ngasiza khona ukwakha ibhizinisi lenkampani e-GDR.

30
00:02:42,180 --> 00:02:52,214
Futhi lapho udonga lwaseBerlin lwawehluleka ngoNovemba
1989, inhloko yaseSwitzerland yenkampani eyayiphethe

31
00:02:52,214 --> 00:02:58,056
ihhovisi yafika ngoDisemba yathi, Mike, unomsebenzi okhethekile.

32
00:02:58,056 --> 00:03:06,343
Sizovula inkampani yengaphansi yokuthengisa
e-GDR, njengoba senze ePoland, eCzechia naseHungary.

33
00:03:06,343 --> 00:03:16,183
Umsebenzi wakho ukuqala le ncambiso, njengoba kungathiwa, nokwenza
amalungiselelo adingekayo, njengokuxhumana nommeli nomtshila,

34
00:03:16,183 --> 00:03:20,743
ukunquma impahla nokuthi bangaki abantu abazobamba iqhaza.

35
00:03:20,743 --> 00:03:23,943
Futhi manje kwakusele izinsuku
ezimbalwa nje ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi.

36
00:03:23,943 --> 00:03:38,656
Ngisungule lokhu futhi ngabe sengifuna ukuxoxa nabantu abafanele
abaphethe isigaba ngasinye somsebenzi ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari.

37
00:03:38,656 --> 00:03:48,063
Kwathi-ke ngomhlaka 9 Januwari 1990, kwafika ucingo
okusho ukuthi kumiswe konke. Asisunguli inkampani yengaphansi.

38
00:03:48,063 --> 00:03:53,176
Ibhizinisi lethu lizodluliselwa
kwinkampani yethu engaphansi eJalimane.

39
00:03:53,176 --> 00:03:56,450
Kwakukhona inkampani enkulu
eRiphabhulikhi Yezwe LaseJalimane, eNeuss.

40
00:03:56,450 --> 00:04:04,816
Futhi lokho kwangimangaza. Ngabuza umbuzo, yebo, kungani kuqedwa?

41
00:04:04,816 --> 00:04:15,460
Kwathi-ke umphathi wangitshela, yebo, sithole
imiyalelo evela e-USA yokuthi ngeke kube ne-GDR futhi.

42
00:04:15,460 --> 00:04:18,303
Lokho kwenzeka ngomhlaka 9 Januwari 1990.

43
00:04:18,303 --> 00:04:26,728
Futhi uma sibheka emuva emlandweni, kwaze kwaba mhla ziyi-13
kuFebhuwari 1990 lapho ama-Allies amane nabaphathiswa

44
00:04:26,728 --> 00:04:36,100
bezangaphandle ababili baseJalimane behlangana futhi
banquma ukuqala izingxoxo ngokubuyiselwa ndawonye kweJalimane.

45
00:04:36,100 --> 00:04:42,670
Ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi abaphathi
abaphezulu babesebesazi umphumela kusengaphambili.

46
00:04:42,670 --> 00:04:50,804
Futhi okuthakazelisayo, ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kuka-13
Februwari, kwaba nokushaywa ucingo kwesibili lapho ngatshelwa

47
00:04:50,804 --> 00:04:57,055
khona ukuthi konke kumele kuqedwe ngo-30 Juni
1990, okusho ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi le-GDR

48
00:04:57,055 --> 00:05:00,460
ngaphansi kwesigatsha saseNtshonalanga Jalimane.

49
00:05:00,460 --> 00:05:05,523
Yebo, futhi ngoMeyi sathola ukuthi
ukuhlanganiswa kwezimali kwakuzokwenzeka ngomhlaka 1 Julayi.

50
00:05:05,523 --> 00:05:13,728
Futhi noma ubani okusakhuluma ngamathuba
nje, ngicabanga ukuthi akanalo ulwazi olwanele.

51
00:05:13,728 --> 00:05:19,296
Kodwa lokho kuvusa umbuzo:
ngubani ngempela owawufuna udonga liwe?

52
00:05:19,296 --> 00:05:28,923
Yebo, ngesikhathi ngiseMoscow, ngakhuluma
nabantu abaningi ababe nolwazi olunzulu.

53
00:05:28,923 --> 00:05:37,316
Isibonelo, amalungu angaphambilini e-KGB
abaxoshwe ngemva kokuwa kobu-communism.

54
00:05:37,316 --> 00:05:43,465
Ngakho-ke iSoviet Union yahlakazeka, i-monopoly
yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe yawa, futhi ama-combines ngamunye

55
00:05:43,465 --> 00:05:46,996
manje ayekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthekelisa nokungenisa.

56
00:05:46,996 --> 00:05:52,591
Kwenzeka-ke ukuthi kulezi zingxenye zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe
zama-combines, engangifanele manje ukuhambela kuzo

57
00:05:52,591 --> 00:05:58,510
esikhundleni senkampani yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe eMoscow,
kwakukhona abantu abakhuluma isiJalimane ngokuhamba kahle.

58
00:05:58,510 --> 00:06:09,196
Kwathi-ke isiRashiya nesiNgisi sami kwakungekho
kusezingeni lobungcweti, ngakho bangibuza bathi, uvela kuphi?

59
00:06:09,196 --> 00:06:14,608
Futhi ngokuba noMichael Wolski kukhadi
lebhizinisi, kwakungekho sobala kangako njengokuba

60
00:06:14,608 --> 00:06:17,430
kuFritz Müller noma okuthile okufana nalokho.

61
00:06:17,430 --> 00:06:22,416
Futhi lapho ngasho lokho, evela e-GDR, ubuso bakhe bamamatheka:

62
00:06:22,416 --> 00:06:29,329
Ngangikule GDR iminyaka emihlanu. Ngangikhuluma isiJalimane
ngokugcwele, futhi ngangazi ukuthi wayengekho ebuthweni, ngoba

63
00:06:29,329 --> 00:06:33,805
izikhulu zazihlala eGDR iminyaka emithathu
kuphela. Futhi labo abavela kwezinye

64
00:06:33,805 --> 00:06:36,720
izibutho babehlala khona isikhathi eside kancane.

65
00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:45,047
Kwabe sekuba nezingxoxo ezithakazelisayo, ngesikhathi
sazo bangitshela okuningi nge-GDR engangingenakwazi

66
00:06:45,047 --> 00:06:50,000
ngakho mayelana nezakhiwo zobuholi nobudlelwano bamandla.

67
00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:56,280
Hhayi-ke, ngaleso sikhathi ngangifunda kakhulu
izincwadi zabaphathi bezepolitiki baseSoviet, izidiplomathi,

68
00:06:56,280 --> 00:06:59,416
abasebenzi bezinsizakalo ezimfihlo nokunye okunjalo.

69
00:06:59,416 --> 00:07:08,581
Futhi kancane kancane isithombe saba sobala ukuthi
empeleni lo mcimbi wawufihlwe ngemuva kwesikrini sentuthu, futhi

70
00:07:08,581 --> 00:07:14,576
leso sikrini sentuthu sasibizwa ngokuthi iNguquko Ethule.

71
00:07:14,576 --> 00:07:28,520
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-2015
kwakukhona izincwadi ezintathu ezakhanyisa kancane lolu daba.

72
00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:38,389
Okokuqala kwakuwukuthi ngomhlaka 2 Novemba 2014
kwavela indatshana ku-Der Spiegel ethi uGorbachev

73
00:07:38,389 --> 00:07:44,416
noShevardnadze babefuna uDonga luwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

74
00:07:44,416 --> 00:07:49,856
Bobabili baya kubona u-Erich, owayeseBerlin emhlanganweni.

75
00:07:49,856 --> 00:07:51,156
Kwenzeka nini lokho?

76
00:07:51,156 --> 00:08:01,928
Lokho kwakungu-1987. Ngo-28 noma ngo-29 Meyi 1987, bavakashela
u-Erich Honecker bamtshela ukuthi iWall ayisafaneleki esithombeni

77
00:08:01,928 --> 00:08:11,800
saseYurophu ehlangene uGorbachev ayekhulisa, futhi ayihambisani
nokunciphisa izikhali, nokuthi kumele adilize iWall.

78
00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:17,780
Kwathi-ke u-Erich wema etafuleni, ngokuthi, wathi cha.

79
00:08:17,780 --> 00:08:25,877
Lokho kwakuyihlazo elikhulu, ngoba u-Erich wayazi
futhi ukuthi azizofika izitanki, njengalokho okwenzeka

80
00:08:25,877 --> 00:08:30,496
ePrague ngo-1968, uma ungawenzi lokho iMoscow eyayikufuna.

81
00:08:30,496 --> 00:08:34,309
Kwabe sekuphuma bobabili.

82
00:08:34,309 --> 00:08:39,660
Kuyathakazelisa, izinsuku eziyi-14 kamuva
uReagan wayeseWest Berlin futhi wakhuluma

83
00:08:39,660 --> 00:08:42,909
ohlangothini lwentshonalanga lweBrandenburg Gate.

84
00:08:42,909 --> 00:08:49,204
Kwathi-ke, njengoba ubona ngokusobala
esithombeni, kwaba nesitatimende esidumile

85
00:08:49,204 --> 00:08:52,770
sikaMnu Gorbachev esithi, 'Phula le ndonga!'

86
00:08:52,770 --> 00:08:56,026
Ngakho akazange athi uHonecker, kodwa wathi uGorbachev.

87
00:08:56,026 --> 00:09:00,780
Ngakho wayazi ukuthi ubani ophethe.

88
00:09:00,780 --> 00:09:10,428
Futhi ngoba lokho akwenzekanga, kwaba
nomkhankaso oyimfihlo wamaSoviet ngo-1989.

89
00:09:10,428 --> 00:09:21,117
Futhi lokhu kuchazwe encwadini ebizwa nge-Operation Lutsch,
eyashicilelwa ekupheleni kuka-2014 noma ekuqaleni kuka-2015,

90
00:09:21,117 --> 00:09:30,382
ebhalwe ngumhloli owazifihla wezinsizakalo zobunhloli
bezempi ze-GDR, ochaze ukuthi uDonga lwawa kanjani

91
00:09:30,382 --> 00:09:35,476
nokuthi kwenziwa muphi amalungiselelo kusengaphambili.

92
00:09:35,476 --> 00:09:49,083
Futhi iphuzu lesithathu kwakuyizenzakalo eHungary, ngokudilizwa
kwezivikelo zemingcele ngo-1989, lapho lo mhlangano wenzeka

93
00:09:49,083 --> 00:09:58,486
khona, le pikiniki, lapho cishe izakhamuzi
ezingama-700 zase-GDR zathatha ithuba zaya

94
00:09:58,486 --> 00:10:04,864
eRiphabhulikhi Yezwe ngokusebenzisa i-Austria.

95
00:10:04,864 --> 00:10:11,863
Kuyajabulisa. Unazo ezinye izibonelo zezehlakalo lapho uzizwa
sengathi okwenzekile kwakuyinto evela esikripthini sefilimu?

96
00:10:11,863 --> 00:10:19,360
Impela, kwakusele neminye imicimbi embalwa.

97
00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:29,319
Uma ubheka mhla zingama-9 kuNovemba manje, ukuthi lowo suku
lwakhiwe kanjani nokuthi lwenzeke kanjani, konke sekukhona

98
00:10:29,319 --> 00:10:34,323
ezithombeni esizaziyo sonke, kodwa ngokuchazwa okuhlukile.

99
00:10:34,323 --> 00:10:46,701
Ngiphinde ngasho lokhu encwadini, ukuthi, isibonelo, lokho
esingase sikubone kamuva, lapho uSchabowski efunda umbhalo wakhe,

100
00:10:46,701 --> 00:10:58,620
ukuthi kwakukhona okuthile okwawungekho kulo mbhalo, kodwa
uEgon Krenz wayengeze ukuthi kwakukhona isikhathi sokuvala.

101
00:10:58,620 --> 00:11:01,500
Singalalela lokho okwesikhashana?

102
00:11:04,928 --> 00:11:20,640
...sinqume namuhla ukwethula umthetho ozovumela wonke umhlali
we-GDR ukuba aphume ezweni ngamaphuzu okuwela umngcele e-GDR.

103
00:11:20,640 --> 00:11:28,388
Kumnyango wezabezindaba wombuso, iKhonsili
yabaNgqongqoshe inqume ukuthi lolu hlelo lokudlulisela

104
00:11:28,388 --> 00:11:35,740
luzosebenza kuze kube umthetho ofanele usungulwe yiNdlu Yabantu.

105
00:11:35,740 --> 00:11:41,363
Futhi lo mbhalo awufundile unezaziso zokuvinjelwa.

106
00:11:41,363 --> 00:11:48,323
Futhi lokho kwakuzomenyezelwa kuphela
emsakazweni ngo-5 ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo.

107
00:11:48,323 --> 00:11:55,870
Futhi lesi sivimbelo sesuswe, ukuze uma kukhona inguqulo ende,
uhlezi lapho efuna futhi ebheka, athi ngandlela

108
00:11:55,870 --> 00:12:02,688
thile wayezizwa sengathi okuthile okufana nalokhu
kumele kube khona, kodwa akakwazanga ukukuthola.

109
00:12:02,688 --> 00:12:08,600
Lokhu kwabangela ukugijima okukhulu ezindaweni zokuwela umngcele.

110
00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:17,152
Futhi lokho kwakuyinhlelo eyahlelwe
yinsizakalo yezobuhlakani bempi yaseSoviet.

111
00:12:17,152 --> 00:12:23,940
Manje, umbuzo abantu abaningi base-GDR abazibuza
wona ngaleso sikhathi. Kungani kungadutshulwa?

112
00:12:23,940 --> 00:12:25,320
Yebo, yilona iphuzu elilandelayo.

113
00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:36,003
Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-1989, kwaba
nokushintshana kwemibhamu okubulalayo emngceleni.

114
00:12:36,003 --> 00:12:44,248
Kwathi-ke uChris Geffroy osakhulayo wadutshulwa
wabulawa eBerlin, okwakuyinhlekelele enkulu ngempela

115
00:12:44,248 --> 00:12:49,080
kuShevardnadze noGorbachev kanye nezinqubomgomo zabo.

116
00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:59,054
Nokho, njengoba umngcele wasentshonalanga we-GDR wawungaphansi
kobukhosi be-Warsaw Pact, kwamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli

117
00:12:59,054 --> 00:13:09,020
yizikhali zomngcele ze-GDR, kodwa kwanquma i-Warsaw Pact ukuthi
ngeke kusasetshenziswa izibhamu emngceleni wasentshonalanga.

118
00:13:09,020 --> 00:13:11,463
Lokho kwenzeka ngomhlaka 12 Ephreli.

119
00:13:11,463 --> 00:13:19,746
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke,
abagada umngcele babebonakala besebenza bematshisa

120
00:13:19,746 --> 00:13:23,956
ngama-submachine gun, kodwa bengenaso isibhamu.

121
00:13:23,956 --> 00:13:29,056
Futhi kwakuyizikhulu kuphela ezazinawo
amabhomu ezikhali zabo zomuntu siqu.

122
00:13:29,056 --> 00:13:37,184
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kwakusele
sekucacile ukuthi lolu hlelo lwemingcele lwaluzophela.

123
00:13:37,184 --> 00:13:41,203
Impela, lokho kwakungaziwa; kwakuyimfihlo ephezulu.

124
00:13:41,203 --> 00:13:45,050
Ngoba-ke bekuzobe sekukhona ukuqhuzuka emngceleni.

125
00:13:45,050 --> 00:13:49,020
Yebo, kodwa kwakungekho kuphela amasosha e-GDR.

126
00:13:49,020 --> 00:13:53,792
Abantu babebuye bazibuza ukuthi bonke amasosha
aseRussia, abebekhona yonke indawo e-GDR, babe kuphi.

127
00:13:53,792 --> 00:14:03,216
Yebo, futhi lokho kwakuhlelwe kahle
kusengaphambili kakhulu kulo mcimbi mhla zingama-9 kuNovemba.

128
00:14:03,216 --> 00:14:08,744
Ngakho-ke, mhla ziyi-7 kuNovemba kwakuyiholide
lezepolitiki elibaluleke kakhulu eSoviet

129
00:14:08,744 --> 00:14:12,010
Union, iNguquko Enkulu YamaSocialist Yase-Okthoba.

130
00:14:12,010 --> 00:14:15,800
Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungu-Okthoba ngoba babenekhalenda ehlukile.

131
00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:24,149
Futhi le mibhiyozo yayihlala izinsuku ezimbili,
ngakho-ke umhla ka-7 no-8 Novemba kwakuyizinsuku

132
00:14:24,149 --> 00:14:29,740
zokuphumula zomphakathi eSoviet Union, umkhosi ophindwe kabili.

133
00:14:29,740 --> 00:14:34,883
Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha aseSoviet ahlaliswa ezindlini.

134
00:14:34,883 --> 00:14:43,352
EGDR, bavunyelwe kuphela ukuphuma ngezibalo;
babengavunyelwe ukuphuma bodwa, kwathi-ke la masosha

135
00:14:43,352 --> 00:14:48,000
bavinjwa emabarakini kuze kube ngomhlaka 13 Novemba.

136
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,856
Futhi kwakukhona esinye isizathu salokho.

137
00:14:50,856 --> 00:14:56,983
Njalo ngonyaka, phakathi kwamaSoldadi
aseSoviet angu-300 no-400 ayeshiya impi.

138
00:14:56,983 --> 00:15:03,189
Abaningi babefuna ukuya eMpumalanga, babefuna ukuya
ekhaya, kanti abanye babefuna ukuya eNtshonalanga.

139
00:15:03,189 --> 00:15:12,476
Futhi selokhu mhla ziyi-3 noma ziyi-4 ku-Agasti 1989, umgcini
womngcele waseMpumalanga Jalimane wadutshulwa wabulawa yisoldadi

140
00:15:12,476 --> 00:15:17,561
saseSoviet esasibaleka, okungukuthi
esasilahla isikhundla, emngceleni

141
00:15:17,561 --> 00:15:21,116
wasentshonalanga, kwakukhona zonke izizathu zokubavalela.

142
00:15:21,116 --> 00:15:36,283
Ngoba uma umngcele ubuvulwe, amasosha aseSoviet bengaxubana
nezixuku, ephethe izikhali, futhi bengadala ukubhujiswa kwegazi.

143
00:15:36,283 --> 00:15:39,140
Impela, kwakukhona nezinye amaphuzu ambalwa futhi.

144
00:15:39,140 --> 00:15:45,756
Ummeleli ophakeme kunabo bonke waseSoviet,
ummeleli wezepolitiki e-GDR, kwakungu-ambasadori.

145
00:15:45,756 --> 00:15:55,523
Futhi lokho kungase kwaphinde kwabangela ukuthunyelwa
kwamajoni aseSoviet ukuvikela umngcele wesifundazwe.

146
00:15:55,523 --> 00:16:03,559
Njengango-1953, uMkomishana Ophakeme owawuse-GDR
ngaleso sikhathi, uSemjonow, naye wayala amasosha

147
00:16:03,559 --> 00:16:08,176
aseSoviet ukuthi asebenzise izibhamu ngomhlaka 17 Juni.

148
00:16:08,176 --> 00:16:10,816
Lokho akwenziwanga eMoscow, kodwa kwenziwa eBerlin.

149
00:16:10,816 --> 00:16:21,398
Futhi ukuze kugwenywe noma yiluphi ingozi, ngoba kwakwaziwa
ukuthi umyalo omkhulu wamasosha aseSoviet lapha e-GDR

150
00:16:21,398 --> 00:16:32,566
wayengathi, masithi, kunzima ukumlinganisa, uMmeli waseSoviet
wanikezwa ipilisi lokulala noma wazithathela yena uqobo.

151
00:16:32,566 --> 00:16:37,343
Noma kunjalo, akazange aphendule ngalobo busuku.

152
00:16:37,343 --> 00:16:45,824
Ngakho-ke umuntu oyedwa kuphela
obengakwazi ukunikeza umyalo wayengekho.

153
00:16:45,824 --> 00:16:50,420
Yebo, kanye nobuholi, okungukuthi uHonecker nabanye?

154
00:16:50,420 --> 00:16:58,943
Kulungile-ke, ebusuku, lapho kwaziwa khona... Kwakusekhona
okunye, kwakusekhona nomhlangano weKomidi Eliphakathi.

155
00:16:58,943 --> 00:17:06,986
Umhlangano weKomidi Eliphakathi,
owawubanjelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nenkulumo

156
00:17:06,986 --> 00:17:13,643
kaSchabowski, wawuhlelwe ukuqedwa cishe ngo-6 ntambama.

157
00:17:13,643 --> 00:17:22,211
Kodwa lapho, abantu ababebonakala ngokusobala ukuthi
baqondiswe yiNkonzo Yezobuhlakani Bempi yaseSoviet noma

158
00:17:22,211 --> 00:17:26,916
yiNkonzo Yezobuhlakani Bempi yase-GDR, banweba umhlangano.

159
00:17:26,916 --> 00:17:32,030
Ngakho uthe awukwazi
ukuwahlukanisa, unezinkinga eziningi kakhulu.

160
00:17:32,030 --> 00:17:36,716
Ngakho-ke bavumela umhlangano
ukuqhubeka kuze kube ngo-8:40 ebusuku.

161
00:17:36,716 --> 00:17:43,477
Lowo kwakuyisikhathi ngqo lapho uSchabowski ethi
kuzosebenza ngokushesha, kwathi-ke abantu baqala ukugeleza baya

162
00:17:43,477 --> 00:17:48,236
emnyango wokudlula emngceleni, ikakhulukazi eBornholmer Straße.

163
00:17:48,236 --> 00:17:51,684
Futhi lokho kwamenyezelwa ngaleso sikhathi
kuthelevishini, kuqala kuthelevishini yaseMpumalanga Jalimane,

164
00:17:51,684 --> 00:17:53,483
kwabe sekuyikuthelevishini yaseNtshonalanga Jalimane.

165
00:17:53,483 --> 00:18:01,472
Futhi babe khona eKomidi Eliphakathi, behlezi
sengathi besegumbini lokuhlukaniswa, ngokuthi.

166
00:18:01,472 --> 00:18:07,260
Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho amafoni eselula, ngakho-ke akekho
owayengadlala noma ekhwaze ethi, "Hawu, kwenzekeni manje?"

167
00:18:07,260 --> 00:18:13,906
Cha, cha. Futhi bazi ngakho kuphela cishe ngo-10 ebusuku.

168
00:18:13,906 --> 00:18:18,510
UMnyango Wezokuvikela we-GDR wawuseStrausberg, hhayi eBerlin.

169
00:18:18,510 --> 00:18:25,850
Ngakho-ke bashayela baya lapho, futhi ngemva
kuka-8:40 ebusuku bafika eStrausberg cishe ngo-10

170
00:18:25,850 --> 00:18:30,096
ebusuku, kwathi lapho-ke indaba yaqala ukusabalala.

171
00:18:30,096 --> 00:18:38,630
Kodwa amaSoviet ayebambe iqhaza kulokhu,
ngakho-ke imibono yokwethula izigaba

172
00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:44,243
zokuqala zezibhamu ezihambisana nezimoto yaphikwa.

173
00:18:44,243 --> 00:18:45,563
Kuyajabulisa. Michael

174
00:18:45,563 --> 00:18:56,070
Futhi uma kuba nemibuzo manje, kodwa kwakukhona
abavukeli abazolile, impela babekhona, ngoba babezilungiselele.

175
00:18:56,070 --> 00:19:06,178
Ngakho-ke lokho kwavela enkonzweni yezobunhloli bempi yaseSoviet,
hhayi eStasi noma eKGB, kodwa futhi nakwamanye amasevisi

176
00:19:06,178 --> 00:19:14,180
aseNtshonalanga, ngakho-ke abantu baphuma
emigwaqweni, baphikisa, babeka amakhandlela emafasiteleni abo

177
00:19:14,180 --> 00:19:18,400
nokunye okunjalo, ngakho-ke lokho kwakukhona kakade.

178
00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:25,149
Phela kwakudingeka kamuva ukuze
kuthiwe indaba yabashintsheli abazolile.

179
00:19:25,149 --> 00:19:29,726
Futhi bekungeke kube nje abantu abathathu bemi lapho
besho ukuthi, "Nansi, laba kwakuyizishoshovu

180
00:19:29,726 --> 00:19:32,630
ezintathu zokuthula," ngoba lokho bekungeke kusebenze kahle.

181
00:19:32,630 --> 00:19:38,093
Ngakho kwakumele kube ukunyakaza okukhulu, nakwamanye
izifunda, hhayi eLeipzig naseBerlin kuphela, kodwa

182
00:19:38,093 --> 00:19:41,760
nakwezinye izixeko lapho lezi zibhikisho zazenzeka khona.

183
00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:47,426
Kuyajabulisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sifingqe lokho esikushilo kuze
kube manje, ngoba sibona okufanayo kwenzeka namuhla, lapho

184
00:19:47,426 --> 00:19:55,328
izinkulungwane eziningi zabantu zihamba ezitaladini ngoMsombuluko
ukuze zibonise, njengalokhu kwakwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.

185
00:19:55,328 --> 00:20:04,320
Manje uthi ubuholi baseSoviet ngokuyisisekelo
bahlela ukuwa kodonga futhi basebenzisa lezi zibhikisho.

186
00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:10,363
Ekugcineni, waphakamisa ukuthi izikhungo
zobuhlakani zaseNtshonalanga nazo zadlala indima esebenzayo.

187
00:20:10,363 --> 00:20:15,434
Ngakho-ke, ngiyaqonda kahle ukuthi
iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga, ezaziyizitha

188
00:20:15,434 --> 00:20:19,616
ngokusemthethweni, manje sezisebenza ndawonye ngohlelo?

189
00:20:19,616 --> 00:20:28,669
Ngicabanga kanjalo. Ungakubona, lo mucu
ovamile odlula emlandweni kusukela ngo-1917 no-1918.

190
00:20:28,669 --> 00:20:36,870
Manje sekukhona izincwadi ezingenakubalwa
ezifakazela ukuthi lobu budlelwano bokubambisana babukhona.

191
00:20:36,870 --> 00:20:45,153
Iningi lalokhu lalikwisigaba sezomnotho, kodwa ingxenye yalo
yayikwisigaba sezepolitiki, ngakho-ke kwakukhona ngempela

192
00:20:45,153 --> 00:20:51,380
izingxoxo ezivamile phakathi kwezinsiza zezifundazwe ezimanyene.

193
00:20:51,380 --> 00:20:58,100
Kuyamangalisa. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona amabhuloho
phakathi kwama-bloc aseMpumalanga nama-bloc aseNtshonalanga?

194
00:20:58,100 --> 00:21:03,840
Bengizothi yebo. Yebo, ngasebenza
ebhulorhweni elifana nalelo. Lokho kwakusezohwebo.

195
00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:08,803
I-GDR yayinentshisekelo enkulu
ekudonseni lezi zinkampani zase-US.

196
00:21:08,803 --> 00:21:15,982
Lapho lezi zinkampani zase-US zifika ngo-1985, kumele ukuthi
zazivele zazi okuthile, ngoba zafika

197
00:21:15,982 --> 00:21:22,816
ngasikhathi sinye futhi zafuna ukuqasha
izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga Jalimane njengabasebenzi.

198
00:21:22,816 --> 00:21:30,697
Babe bengaletha abantu babo ngaleso sikhathi, babe bengabheka
abantu eWest Berlin, futhi babe bengasebenzisa abathengisi

199
00:21:30,697 --> 00:21:34,115
bamanye amazwe abahlelwe yiSikhungo Sobuhwebo Bamazwe Ngamazwe.

200
00:21:34,115 --> 00:21:35,903
Futhi babefuna okokugcina.

201
00:21:35,903 --> 00:21:45,949
Kodwa babengekho lapho, ngakho kwadingeka ukuqalisa usesho,
ngoba laba bantu babedinga iphasiphothi yaseNtshonalanga.

202
00:21:45,949 --> 00:21:53,040
Ngakho-ke kwadingeka badlule yonke inqubo ye-GDR,
uma kungathiwa kanjalo, ukuze babe izikhulu zokuhamba.

203
00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:58,856
Kwathi-ke ngasondelwa, ngathakasa ngalomsebenzi, ngakho ngavuma.

204
00:21:58,856 --> 00:22:06,304
Kwathi-ke ngaqala lo msebenzi ekuqaleni kuka-1986, ngo-Ephreli.

205
00:22:06,304 --> 00:22:10,903
Kodwa kwakukhona amabhuloho ambalwa okwengeziwe, uma sikhumbula.

206
00:22:10,903 --> 00:22:15,516
Ngakho-ke u-Angela Merkel uvela emndenini wabaphathiswa.

207
00:22:15,516 --> 00:22:22,880
Futhi umfundisi, uMnu Kassner, wayenendawo
yokuqeqesha yabafundisi bezinkolo eTemplin.

208
00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:30,036
Abazazi bezinkolo abavela eYurophu
yaseNtshonalanga nabo babe izivakashi ezivamile lapho.

209
00:22:30,036 --> 00:22:36,203
Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sebebebheke u-Angela.

210
00:22:36,203 --> 00:22:41,296
Ubani owaziyo. Kodwa kuzwakala
sengathi kunohlelo oluthile olusebenza lapha.

211
00:22:41,296 --> 00:22:49,850
Akusona yini isu elacabangelwa izolo
kuphela? Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lisebenza?

212
00:22:49,850 --> 00:22:56,456
Ngicabanga kanjalo. Asidingi
ukubuyela kuKarl Marx ngokuningiliziwe lapha.

213
00:22:56,456 --> 00:23:03,603
Kepha nina baproletari bazo zonke izizwe, nihlanganeni!
Kuyasebenza kuphela uma abakoloni bezimali bazo zonke izizwe

214
00:23:03,603 --> 00:23:07,920
behlangene, ngoba abaproletari bancike kubakoloni bezimali.

215
00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:21,217
Kodwa-ke kwaba noMvukelo ka-Okthoba ngo-1917, futhi kusukela
lapho sekukhona izincwadi eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezivela e-United

216
00:23:21,217 --> 00:23:29,554
States, ezichaza ngokuningiliziwe ubudlelwano
phakathi kweWall Street noMvukelo

217
00:23:29,554 --> 00:23:35,700
wamaBolshevik, isibonelo le esibhalwe nguAnthony Sutton.

218
00:23:35,700 --> 00:23:46,403
Kwaphinde kwachazwa ukuthi uTrotsky noLenin, abaxhaswe
ngezimali—omunye wabasunguli beFederal Reserve

219
00:23:46,403 --> 00:23:56,496
kanti omunye evela ku-Abwehr yaseJalimane—bahambe
baya ePetrograd ukuze bavuse inguquko lapho.

220
00:23:56,496 --> 00:24:05,906
Abanye ngoba babona ukuthi izwe selivuthiwe ukuguquka,
ikakhulukazi ababheki bezimali baseMelika ababefuna ukubeka izwe

221
00:24:05,906 --> 00:24:14,052
ngaphansi kwezimpiko zabo, ngokuthi, uLenin ngoba wayedingeka
ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumiswa kwemisebenzi

222
00:24:14,052 --> 00:24:22,380
yezempi, okwathi kamuva kwaba isivumelwano sokuthula,
nokukhulula iJalimane kweyesibili umngcele wempi.

223
00:24:22,380 --> 00:24:31,030
Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthi iSivumelwano
saseBrest-Litovsk sagcwaliswa futhi iJalimane yaphuma kule

224
00:24:31,030 --> 00:24:36,064
Entente yamaZizwe Ezihlangene – eh, iRussia yaphuma.

225
00:24:36,064 --> 00:24:41,305
Ngaleso sikhathi kwakusaseyiMbuso
laseRussia; iSoviet Union yasungulwa kuphela

226
00:24:41,305 --> 00:24:44,740
ngoDisemba 1922, kodwa kwakuyisigaba sokudlula.

227
00:24:44,740 --> 00:25:02,150
Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, amaMelika basungula indoda eyayivele yazi
uLenin futhi yenza izivumelwano zokuqala naye: uArmand Hammer.

228
00:25:02,150 --> 00:25:09,014
Futhi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1990,
ngaphambi nje kokushona kwakhe, wayenguxhumanisi

229
00:25:09,014 --> 00:25:13,856
phakathi kweDolobha lase-United States nePolitburo.

230
00:25:13,856 --> 00:25:24,210
Futhi yonke le maphrojekthi amakhulu wokungenisa eSoviet Union
ahilela izitshalo, iziteshi zamandla kagesi amanzi, kanye

231
00:25:24,210 --> 00:25:37,740
nesivumelwano somhlaba nesivumelwano sokuqasha ngesikhathi seMpi
Yezwe Yesibili, zaqedwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwakhe, ngokuthi.

232
00:25:37,740 --> 00:25:42,820
Hhayi-ke, futhi uArmand Hammer
wayeyisibhiliyoni eminyakeni edlule.

233
00:25:42,820 --> 00:25:47,253
Ubaba wakhe wayengumsunguli wePhathi
YamaKhomanisi, futhi wayengomunye wabasunguli

234
00:25:47,253 --> 00:25:49,603
bePhathi YamaKhomanisi yase-United States.

235
00:25:49,603 --> 00:25:55,246
Futhi, impela, wayengomunye wabamukeli be-Order of Lenin.

236
00:25:55,246 --> 00:25:59,940
Kuyabonakala ukuthi kukhona uxhumano ocacile
phakathi kwalezi zibhloko ezimbili, kumele kushiwo.

237
00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:05,340
Kodwa manje, futhi, ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi
kubalulekile kulokho okwenzekayo namuhla, ake sibheke emuva.

238
00:26:05,340 --> 00:26:14,129
Uthe i-FED, okungukuthi i-Federal Reserve,
ama-oligarchi ezimali abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni

239
00:26:14,129 --> 00:26:18,740
waseNtshonalanga, baqalisa uMvukelo ka-Okthoba.

240
00:26:18,740 --> 00:26:19,580
Yebo.

241
00:26:19,580 --> 00:26:24,543
Ngakho-ke kumele babe
nezintshisekelo zezimali ezicacile kakhulu lapho?

242
00:26:24,543 --> 00:26:31,552
Kulungile, nakanjani. Intshisekelo kwakuwukubusa iRussia.

243
00:26:31,552 --> 00:26:33,920
Kodwa awukwazanga ukwenza lokho ngqo.

244
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:46,560
Ngakho bazama lokho, kwaba nempi yombango
eyayihlanganisa nabalwi baseMelika, baseBrithani nabaseJapane.

245
00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,816
Kodwa izwe lalikhulu nje kakhulu.

246
00:26:48,816 --> 00:27:01,936
Futhi yilokho abazame ukukwenza lapho, ukusungula
umbuso owayencike kubo, kodwa ongaziwa emhlabeni.

247
00:27:01,936 --> 00:27:08,451
Akekho ongake acabange ukuthi laba maKhomunisti
aseRussia ekugcineni baxhaswa ngemali

248
00:27:08,451 --> 00:27:13,760
yiNtshonalanga esigabeni sokuqala futhi kamuva balawulwa yibo.

249
00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:23,220
Lokho futhi yisizathu sokuthi abantu abaningi bangakwazi
ukuqonda ukuthi iSoviet Union yahlukanisa uhlelo lwayo.

250
00:27:23,220 --> 00:27:25,200


251
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:32,950
Ngakho-ke ukuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin kwaba cishe
ukukhululeka kokubamba amazwe asoshiyalizimu aseYurophu.

252
00:27:32,950 --> 00:27:44,496
Kwabe sekulandela ukukhipha kwempi yaseSoviet, okwahamba
kuze kube ngo-1994, kwabe sekubhujiswa kweSoviet Union uqobo.

253
00:27:44,496 --> 00:27:50,410
Futhi lapho uGorbachev ethatha isikhundla,
wachaza lokhu ngobuhle nge-perestroika ne-glasnost.

254
00:27:50,410 --> 00:28:01,200
I-Perestroika isho ukuhlelwa kabusha, kanti i-glasnost
isho ukusobala. Futhi yilokho ngqo ayefuna ukuhlela kabusha.

255
00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:09,355
Futhi esikubonile kamuva kwakuwukuthi kwavela
ikasti lama-oligariki, kanti iPolitburo neqembu,

256
00:28:09,355 --> 00:28:13,952
nazo zonke izakhiwo zalo, zagibela ngokuzumayo.

257
00:28:13,952 --> 00:28:21,024
Futhi impi yezigaba eyayikhona ngaleso
sikhathi yashintsha yaba impi yesimo sezulu.

258
00:28:21,024 --> 00:28:24,320
Kulungile, lokhu kusifikisa esikhathini samanje, ngikholwa.

259
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:25,440
Yebo, yebo.

260
00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:29,040
Lokho bekuyoba umbuzo wami olandelayo.

261
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:41,180
Uchaze ukuthi kanjani, kulo lonke umlando waseRussia noma weSoviet
Union, kube nomthelela wama-oligarchs amakhulu wezezimali.

262
00:28:41,180 --> 00:28:44,320
Hhayi-ke, namuhla?

263
00:28:46,816 --> 00:28:53,260
Michael Wolski:] Yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi
basasebenza kahle, kodwa ababonakali ngaleyo ndlela.

264
00:28:53,260 --> 00:29:03,303
Futhi okwakusihlaselwa ngakho kuze kube ngo-1990 e-Eastern Bloc
kwakuyiphathi yebanga labasebenzi, impi yebanga, nina baproletari

265
00:29:03,303 --> 00:29:12,126
bazo zonke izizwe nihlangane – zonke izisho ezingenalutho
ezamanje esezishintshwe ngezinye izisho ezingenalutho.

266
00:29:12,126 --> 00:29:16,743
Futhi lokho kuvusa umbuzo wokuthi lokhu kwenzeke kanjani.

267
00:29:16,743 --> 00:29:20,083
Kungani kwenzeka lolu shintsho?

268
00:29:20,083 --> 00:29:27,424
Futhi lokho kusibuyisela ekwakhiweni
kodonga, okungukuthi iBerlin Wall.

269
00:29:27,424 --> 00:29:40,263
Ngoba ngeminyaka yama-1960 kwaba nokushintsha, kodwa
ngemuva kwezithunzi zohlelo lwesoshiyalizimu lwangaphambilini

270
00:29:40,263 --> 00:29:47,600
kwakuthuthukiswa isu elisha nethiyori, njalo njalo.

271
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:49,380
Ake ngikuchazele ngale ndlela:

272
00:29:49,380 --> 00:29:57,740
Ukwakhiwa kodonga kwa-odwa ngamaSoviet ngo-1960, ngakho
kwadingeka kwenziwe amalungiselelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi

273
00:29:57,740 --> 00:30:06,860
i-GDR, ngomnotho wayo ohlelwe ngaphambili, ingathola konke
eyayikudinga, kuhlanganise nezinto zokwakha namandla abasebenzi.

274
00:30:06,860 --> 00:30:10,460
Kwathi-ke bakha udonga.

275
00:30:10,460 --> 00:30:19,614
Isizathu kwakuwukuthi amaqembu aseNtshonalanga abangafuni
ukwamukela isiphakamiso saseSoviet sokushintsha isimo

276
00:30:19,614 --> 00:30:25,180
sezepolitiki eBerlin YaseNtshonalanga, i-Berlin Ultimatum.

277
00:30:25,180 --> 00:30:33,998
Kwabe sekwakhiwa udonga, kwabe sekuba
sobala ukuthi lokhu kwakuholela i-GDR ekubeni

278
00:30:33,998 --> 00:30:38,800
ingalawuleki, okungukuthi ukuwa komnotho.

279
00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:46,584
Bekungeyona inhloso, akekho ongake akubike, kodwa kwavezwa ukuthi
e-GDR, ilizwe eliyingxenye ye-Eastern Bloc

280
00:30:46,584 --> 00:30:55,104
futhi eyodwa kuphela eyayithuthukile embonini,
umnotho ohlelwe ngokwe-socialist awuzange usebenze.

281
00:30:55,104 --> 00:31:07,680
Nakanjani usuzwile ngeMnyango Wokuhlela Okuhweba
kanye nomphathi wawo, u-Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski.

282
00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:16,815
Le ndaba iqala ngo-1962, lapho uSchalck-Golodkowski waba
ngumphathi wokuqala weSED wesifunda kwezohwebo lwangaphandle

283
00:31:16,815 --> 00:31:25,326
futhi wayecindezelwa yizinkampani ezingaba ngu-30
zezohwebo lwangaphandle ezazikhona – abanye babengavunyelwe

284
00:31:25,326 --> 00:31:29,879
ukwenza lokhu e-GDR – ukwehlisa izinhloso zokuthekelisa.

285
00:31:29,879 --> 00:31:35,847
Phela i-GDR kwakuyizwe elithuthukile embonini, futhi yayithenga
izinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo esesigabeni

286
00:31:35,847 --> 00:31:42,880
sokuqala ukuze iyicutshunge bese iyidayisa emhlabeni
wonke, ikakhulukazi eRiphabhulikhi Yezwe LaseJalimane.

287
00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:50,650
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lo mnotho ohleliwe wawuqinile kakhulu,
izinto ezincane ezifana nokulungiswa,

288
00:31:50,650 --> 00:31:59,104
izingxenye ezisele nezesekeli bezingakwazi ukuthengwa,
ngakho-ke imishini yashiywa imi nje ingasebenzi.

289
00:31:59,104 --> 00:32:08,260
Kwathi-ke izinkampani zokuhweba zakwamanye amazwe zafika
zathi, yebo, asikwazi ukuthumela ngaphandle ngoba inkampani XY

290
00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:12,256
ayikwazi ukuletha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezingxenye ezisele.

291
00:32:12,256 --> 00:32:21,515
Futhi ngo-1962 nango-1963, uSchalck
wayesekhulume nomphathi wakhe we-MFS ngokuthi bangayiguqula

292
00:32:21,515 --> 00:32:26,413
kanjani lokhu, kodwa lo mbono wanqatshwa eMoscow.

293
00:32:26,413 --> 00:32:37,093
Ngo-1964, isimo saba sibi nakakhulu, uKhrushchev waphonswa
phansi, kwathi ngo-1965 iMoscow yanikeza imvume

294
00:32:37,093 --> 00:32:48,261
yokuthi lesi sakhiwo sisebenze ngokuhambisana nomnotho
ohleliwe njengohwebo lwangaphandle oluzimele e-GDR.

295
00:32:48,261 --> 00:32:56,820
Kwabe sekuba nombhalo wasungulwa ngo-1966, kwathi-ke
lesi sigaba sokuhlela kwezohwebo sasungulwa ngomthetho.

296
00:32:56,820 --> 00:33:02,953
Ngakho-ke lokho akuzange kushicilelwe kuGazethi
esemthethweni; bekungaba umphumela ongemuhle.

297
00:33:02,953 --> 00:33:15,456
I-Ntshonalanga beyizobe ishaya amathanga izinsuku
eziningi, ithi i-GDR iveze ukuthi ubukomunizimu abusebenzi.

298
00:33:15,456 --> 00:33:26,595
Kodwa lokhu kwaholela eNtshonalanga ekutholeni imininingwane
kusukela ngo-1968 kuqhubeke, ngokusebenzisa ijenali yeStasi

299
00:33:26,595 --> 00:33:36,342
yaseCzech eyashiya, yokuthi kwakumenyezelwe emhlanganweni
wasekwindla weWarsaw Pact ngo-1966 ukuthi yonke

300
00:33:36,342 --> 00:33:46,210
imfundiso yososhalisti izoshintshwa nokuthi
iNtshonalanga izovunyelwa ukukhula ibe sobusoshiyalizim.

301
00:33:46,210 --> 00:33:55,850
Futhi okuthakazelisayo, ngonyaka odlule owayengumholi weHhovisi
Likazwelonke Lokuvikela uMthethosisekelo waqinisekisa ngqo lokho.

302
00:33:55,850 --> 00:33:59,170
Sizolalela yini?

303
00:33:59,170 --> 00:34:06,196
…Ngingummeli, umphathi wami angaba umbusi oqinile noma ofisa
ukuba umbusi oqinile, futhi angathi, "Mnu. Maaßen, cabanga

304
00:34:06,196 --> 00:34:13,029
ukuthi ungayiguqula kanjani idemokhrasi enenkululeko ibe
yizwe elibusa ngokuphelele elisebenza ngendlela engiyithandayo."

305
00:34:13,029 --> 00:34:19,403
Bese ngizocabangela futhi ukuthi yiziphi
izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ukubhidliza lonke uhlelo.

306
00:34:19,403 --> 00:34:27,971
Futhi enye indlela yokuguqula uhlelo lube ubumbano, lapho
bonke abantu behambisana khona futhi bonke becabanga

307
00:34:27,971 --> 00:34:32,669
ngendlela efanayo, wukubesabisa nokubabeka umgomo ophakeme.

308
00:34:32,669 --> 00:34:38,743
Futhi kumele ngisho ukuthi umqondo wokusebenzisa
isimo sezulu ukudicilela phansi

309
00:34:38,743 --> 00:34:43,648
umthethosisekelo wawuhlakaniphile, noma ngubani owawucabangile.

310
00:34:43,648 --> 00:34:50,199
Ngiyazi ukuthi ngeminyaka yama-1960,
kwakukhona abantu e-KGB ababecabanga ngendlela

311
00:34:50,199 --> 00:34:54,170
yokuvumela iNtshonalanga ikhule iye ku-socialism.

312
00:34:54,170 --> 00:35:03,644
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwakuxoxwa kakade e-KGB.
Ngezindaba ezifana nemvelo nokulwa nobandlululo, njll., ungakwazi

313
00:35:03,644 --> 00:35:09,492
ukwenza abantu bathi masibeke eceleni
okwamanje idemokhrasi nokubusa komthetho;

314
00:35:09,492 --> 00:35:13,810
okubalulekile ukulwa nobandlululo, okubalulekile imvelo.

315
00:35:13,810 --> 00:35:16,836
Lezi kwakuyizimvo i-KGB eyayinazo ngeminyaka yama-1960.

316
00:35:16,836 --> 00:35:22,663
Kodwa kumele ngisho, ngokuletha udaba
lokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ngiyakuhlonipha.

317
00:35:22,663 --> 00:35:26,880
Kuyamangalisa ngempela ukusebenzisa udaba
lwemvelo njengendlela yokudiliza umbuso wesimiso

318
00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:29,850
somthethosisekelo esisekelwe ekhethweni likazwelonke.

319
00:35:29,850 --> 00:35:40,963
Yebo, futhi lokho kusiholela
ezinhlosweni ezazibekwe eSoviet Union ngo-1966.

320
00:35:40,963 --> 00:35:44,510
Inhloso yokuqala kwakuwukuvumela iNtshonalanga ikhule.

321
00:35:44,510 --> 00:35:49,570
Futhi inhloso yesibili kwakuwukwenza imali ngesimo sezulu.

322
00:35:49,570 --> 00:35:51,536
Yilokho okwenzekile.

323
00:35:51,536 --> 00:36:03,059
Ngakho-ke isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukweluleka iClub of Rome
ngo-1967, umseki weClub of Rome, ngokuthi ingasungulwa kanjani

324
00:36:03,059 --> 00:36:09,010
nokuthi yiziphi izindawo zayo eziyinhloko okufanele igxile kuzo.

325
00:36:09,010 --> 00:36:15,910
Wabhabha waya eSoviet Union ngaleso
sikhathi wahlangana ezingxoxweni ezinde.

326
00:36:15,910 --> 00:36:25,418
Kanti kamuva, lapho iClub yaseRoma yasungulwa, oonjenerali
ababili be-KGB babe ngamalungu ngaso sonke isikhathi,

327
00:36:25,418 --> 00:36:30,536
amalungu agcwele eClub yaseRoma kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1992.

328
00:36:30,536 --> 00:36:34,590
Angikwazi ukusho ukuthi kwenzekeni kamuva, kodwa sekurekhodiwe.

329
00:36:34,590 --> 00:36:44,841
Enye iphuzu wukuthi kwasungulwa isikhungo esihlangene eduze
kweVienna nabantu baseMelika ukuze kubhekwe ukuqothulwa kweSoviet

330
00:36:44,841 --> 00:36:54,272
Union, lapho abasebenzi bezepolitiki baqeqeshwa kusukela
ngo-1982 kuqhubeke ngesikhathi esalandela i-perestroika.

331
00:36:54,272 --> 00:37:06,006
Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona amagama afana noChubais, uWechselberg,
uArwen nokunye, abaqeqeshwe lapho, bese

332
00:37:06,006 --> 00:37:17,206
ekupheleni kwe-perestroika babambe iqhaza
ekuthengisweni kwempahla yomphakathi, impahla kahulumeni.

333
00:37:17,206 --> 00:37:23,040
Futhi yilokho okwenza babe
ngabazigidigidi noma ama-oligarqui esikhuluma ngabo.

334
00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:29,920
E-United States, kuthathe iminyaka
engu-200 ukuze laba abacebile abanamandla bavele.

335
00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:37,380
Futhi lokho kwakuyiminyaka emithathu kuya
kwemihlanu eyedlule, lapho laba bo-oligarchi bethuthuka.

336
00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:45,504
Futhi wonke umuntu wamangala ngokuthi
laba bantu babece kangakanani ngokushesha.

337
00:37:45,504 --> 00:37:47,328
Ucebile kanjani?

338
00:37:47,328 --> 00:37:56,823
Ngokwenza ngasese, ngoba babe emthonjeni futhi
babengakwazi ukwenza ngasese izinkampani zikahulumeni ezifanele.

339
00:37:56,823 --> 00:37:59,963
Lowo kwakuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

340
00:37:59,963 --> 00:38:05,240
Incwadi iphinde ichaze lenqubo ngokuningiliziwe.

341
00:38:05,240 --> 00:38:11,883
Futhi ama-oligariki aseNtshonalanga,
ama-oligariki wezezimali, nabo babebandakanyekile.

342
00:38:11,883 --> 00:38:16,960
Futhi babe sebekhethe izingxenye ezinhle
kakhulu embonini yezinto ezingavuthiwe.

343
00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:27,085
Futhi uKhodorkovsky ungomunye walokhu, u-Abramovich ungomunye
futhi, abathole izikweletu eNtshonalanga, babe sebethole

344
00:38:27,085 --> 00:38:34,893
izethembiso zezikweletu kusukela ngo-1988,
kwathi-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukuprivatiza, bathenga

345
00:38:34,893 --> 00:38:39,140
lezi zinkampani njengabaphathiswa, ngokuthi.

346
00:38:39,140 --> 00:38:43,100
Impela, lokho kwakungabonakali.
Umphathiswa, yebo, walinika umuntu.

347
00:38:43,100 --> 00:38:47,083
Kodwa wayemi phambili futhi wonke
umuntu wayecabanga ukuthi ungumnikazi.

348
00:38:47,083 --> 00:38:56,832
Futhi uRoman Abramovich unama-100 million – lokhu nakho kubhalwe
encwadini. E-United States, kunenhlangano ebizwa

349
00:38:56,832 --> 00:39:04,546
ngeFinken, okuyiyunithi yokulawula ehlola
ubugebengu bezimali, futhi kukhona udaba olude ngayo.

350
00:39:04,546 --> 00:39:12,579
Ngakho wathola imali mboleko engu-100 million amadola, wabe
esetshenzisa leyo mali ekutshala imali enkampanini

351
00:39:12,579 --> 00:39:20,490
kawoyela, eyayidayisa eminyakeni eyishumi noma
eyishumi nambili kamuva ngentengo engu-13.5 billion amadola.

352
00:39:20,490 --> 00:39:25,400
Yebo, manje useyaphila ngaleyo peresenti ezintathu.

353
00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:36,296
Lokho sekuyinto egqile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ngiqonda
kahle, ukusatshalaliswa kabusha okukhulu kwengcebo kazwelonke?

354
00:39:36,296 --> 00:39:45,179
Yebo, ngemva kwenguquko yokuqala, lapho wonke amasonto, izikhulu
nabaphathi bomhlaba abakhulu, abathengisi nosomabhizinisi,

355
00:39:45,179 --> 00:39:49,320
ngamanye amazwi ama-kapitalisti, bathathwa impahla yabo.

356
00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:53,493
Abaningi babulawa kule nqubo, abaningi babaleka eYurophu.

357
00:39:53,493 --> 00:40:04,224
Futhi lokho kwakuyi umkhankaso wesibili wokwabiwa kabusha, lapho
abantu babecebile kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

358
00:40:04,224 --> 00:40:10,818
Ngaleso sikhathi, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1920 phakathi nalezo
zikhathi ezididayo, cishe konke kwadluliselwa

359
00:40:10,818 --> 00:40:16,693
kuhulumeni futhi akuzange kwabelwe abantu
ngabanye, okusho ukuthi kwaphinde kwabelwa kabusha.

360
00:40:16,693 --> 00:40:23,900
Ngakho-ke, manje lokho uMnu. Maaßen akushilo
ngesimo sezulu kuwukwabiwa kabusha kwesithathu.

361
00:40:23,900 --> 00:40:30,233
Okwamanje, impi yezigaba isibe impi yesimo sezulu.

362
00:40:30,233 --> 00:40:37,964
Futhi uma ngaphambilini lo muntu wayengumkhakaseli, njengoba
kungathiwa, namuhla uyisitha sabaphikisi

363
00:40:37,964 --> 00:40:45,566
besimo sezulu, abenzi bokungcolisa isimo sezulu,
nabonakalisa isimo sezulu nganoma iyiphi indlela.

364
00:40:45,566 --> 00:40:55,447
Ngakho-ke lonke lolu cebo manje selufinyelele ezingeni lapho
sesinazo izintela ze-CO2 – yonke indaba yemikhiqizo ye-organic

365
00:40:55,447 --> 00:41:05,513
nayo ingxenye yalokhu, okusho ukuthi konke okwenzeke ngendlela
ye-organic kubiza kakhulu – kodwa futhi kunezithiyo ekuhamba.

366
00:41:05,513 --> 00:41:13,212
Manje sesiyabona ukuthi i-VW Group
iyancishiswa, okungukuthi iyancipha.

367
00:41:13,212 --> 00:41:20,695
Ekugcineni, lokho kusho ukuthi ngoba asisafuni ezokuthutha
ezizimele ngenxa yezizathu zezulu, bheka amadolobha

368
00:41:20,695 --> 00:41:25,006
wemizuzu eyi-15, ungakwazi ukwenza konke lapho ngebhayisikili.

369
00:41:25,006 --> 00:41:30,433
Futhi uma ufuna ukushiya idolobha
lemizuzu engu-15, manje udinga imvume eChina.

370
00:41:30,433 --> 00:41:32,780
Kungenjalo, ngeke udlule kulesi sivikelo.

371
00:41:32,780 --> 00:41:39,353
Ngakho-ke amandla ahlele lokhu abuyele ekwenzeni imali.

372
00:41:39,353 --> 00:41:41,251
Imali yenziwa ngomoya oshisayo.

373
00:41:41,251 --> 00:41:45,984
Futhi manje ngibhekisela kuMnu. Maaßen.

374
00:41:45,984 --> 00:41:57,840
Kuyajabulisa. Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa, singakwazi
ngempela ukucaphuna umsunguli wethu omuhle we-WEF?

375
00:41:57,840 --> 00:41:58,933
Yebo.

376
00:41:58,933 --> 00:42:00,773
uKlaus Schwab.

377
00:42:00,773 --> 00:42:05,280
uMichael Wolski Yebo, lokho nakho kuyathakazelisa.

378
00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:13,826
I-WEF, i-World Economic Forum, yasungulwa nguye
ngo-1972, futhi usekhona kuze kube namuhla, iyifosili.

379
00:42:13,826 --> 00:42:19,180
Awusoze waba nento kodwa uzoba nenjabulo; yilokho inhloso.

380
00:42:19,180 --> 00:42:22,320
Futhi lokho kusibuyisela emphakathini wobusoshiyali.

381
00:42:22,320 --> 00:42:31,004
Manje-ke bakhuluma ngalawa makhosi e-CO2, izinhlelo ezintsha
zokushisa – 40% yabantu eJalimane abanikazi

382
00:42:31,004 --> 00:42:38,750
bezindlu zabo, futhi angazi ukuthi bangaki
abazokwazi ukukhokhela uhlelo olusha lokushisa.

383
00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:45,175
Kanti-ke ama-Black Rocks adumile nezinye izinkampani ezifana nawo
cishe azomile lapho athi, kulungile,

384
00:42:45,175 --> 00:42:52,100
sizoyithenga esitokisini sokubhujiswa kwenkampani,
emcimbini wokuthengisa impahla ebambezelwe.

385
00:42:52,100 --> 00:43:00,830
Yebo, kuyakhanyisa kakhulu, ngingasho ukuthi sesihambe
ibanga elikhulu kangakanani kulesi sinqubo sesithathu samanje.

386
00:43:00,830 --> 00:43:01,490
Yebo.

387
00:43:01,490 --> 00:43:09,189
Umhloli we-KlaTV Kufanele empeleni umuntu azibuze manje
ukuthi ngempela i-socialism yafa kangakanani ngo-1989.

388
00:43:09,189 --> 00:43:18,635
Kodwa ukufingqa, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukucabanga
ukuthi kukhona amandla afihlakele asebenza lapha,

389
00:43:18,635 --> 00:43:24,003
asebenza ngokusobala ngokumelene nenhlalakahle yabantu.

390
00:43:24,003 --> 00:43:33,129
Futhi kuze kube manje, kuhlakaniphile ngendlela
eyinqaba, umuntu angasho cishe, kubandakanya konke ngempela.

391
00:43:33,129 --> 00:43:38,336
Yebo, cishe konke kulawulwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.

392
00:43:38,336 --> 00:43:48,063
Yebo, ekupheleni kwengxoxo ethakazelisayo kakhulu,
ngithanda ukubuza ukuthi yini enye engakwenziwa manje?

393
00:43:48,063 --> 00:44:00,530
Ungazizinzisa ngokuthola ulwazi oluphelele, okusho ukuthi
akugcini nje ngokuthola iminikelo yakho yobuhlakani ezindabeni

394
00:44:00,530 --> 00:44:09,356
zansuku zonke, eMoMa naseNetflix, kodwa futhi
ngokusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba ehlukile

395
00:44:09,356 --> 00:44:14,240
noma ngokuthatha ugqozi emithonjeni efana nale.

396
00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:22,765
Ngine cishe izixhumanisi eziyi-100 kule ncwadi eziya
kumawebhusayithi lapho ungathola khona

397
00:44:22,765 --> 00:44:32,533
izixhumanisi ezihlobene nezihloko eziningi, ukuqoqa
imibono emisha bese uqhubeka nokuhlola okwengeziwe.

398
00:44:32,533 --> 00:44:40,309
Kodwa lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele ube nesenzo, ungahlali
phambi kwethelevishini uphethe isikhwama sama-crisps kusihlwa.

399
00:44:40,309 --> 00:44:45,060
Yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi sizokwamukela lokhu
enhliziyweni: ukuba nesibindi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngengxoxo.

400
00:44:45,060 --> 00:44:46,700
Ngiyabonga futhi.

401
00:44:46,700 --> 00:44:48,930
Futhi sizobonana futhi.

402
00:44:48,930 --> 00:44:50,983
Yebo, ngiyabonga.