WEBVTT 00:00.666 --> 00:09.062 Faduwar Katangar Berlin a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1989 ta shiga tarihi a matsayin sakamakon dogon zanga-zangar lumana ta farar hula. 00:09.062 --> 00:14.080 Sai dai, shaida na zamani Michael Wolski ya bayyana rushewar bangon Berlin a matsayin wani mataki na dabaru da aka tsara 00:14.080 --> 00:16.708 da gangan ta hannun ƙungiyoyi da ke bayan "garkuwar hayaki". 00:16.708 --> 00:23.730 Ta amfani da kwarewarsa da cikakken bincike, Michael Wolski ya bayyana canjin al'umma da aka tsara tun daga 00:23.730 --> 00:28.083 farkon Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na 1917 har zuwa yau. 00:28.083 --> 00:34.293 Ya yi aiki a harkar kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus a shekarun 1980, wanda ya ba shi 00:34.293 --> 00:37.708 hulɗa da mutane a matakin shugabanci a Gabas da Yamma. 00:37.708 --> 00:41.790 Haka ne yadda ya gano rashin daidaito game da labarin rushewar Katangar Berlin. 00:41.790 --> 00:48.622 A yayin bincikensa, Wolski ya yi mamakin gano cewa wasu shugabanni da aka zaɓa, a Yamma da Gabas, 00:48.622 --> 00:52.875 sun riga sun san game da faɗuwar Katangar Berlin. 00:52.875 --> 00:58.041 Bincikensa ya bayyana hoto gaba ɗaya daban da abin da littattafan tarihi ke koya mana. 00:58.041 --> 01:03.759 Michael Wolski ya ambaci wasu abubuwa da dama da suka nuna haɗin gwiwar shugabanni a Blokin 01:03.759 --> 01:07.916 Gabas da Blokin Yamma kafin faduwar Katangar Berlin. 01:07.916 --> 01:15.149 Taron 1: A ƙarshen Mayu 1987, Shugaban Tarayyar Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev da Ministan Harkokin Waje Eduard 01:15.149 --> 01:24.333 Shevardnadze sun bukaci shugaban Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR) Erich Honecker ya buɗe Bangon. Honecker ya ƙi. 01:24.333 --> 01:31.040 Taron na 2: Bayan kwanaki goma sha huɗu, tsohon Shugaban Amurka Ronald Reagan ya yi jawabi a gefen yamma 01:31.040 --> 01:35.208 na Kofar Brandenburg kuma ya yi kira a rushe bangon. 01:35.208 --> 01:38.583 Mista Gorbachev, ka rushe wannan bango! 01:38.583 --> 01:45.205 Taron 3: A shekarar 1989, an rushe katangar tsaro a kan iyakar Hungary, abin da ya sauƙaƙa wa 'yan ƙasar Jamhuriyar 01:45.205 --> 01:49.791 Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR) tsere zuwa Yamma ta hanyar Ostiriya. 01:49.791 --> 01:58.854 Taron 4: A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1990, wata kamfanin Amurka da aka amince da ita a Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Waje ta Gabashin 01:58.854 --> 02:03.958 Berlin ta soke wani odar da aka yi wa Wolski a Disamba 1989. 02:03.958 --> 02:11.112 Wannan aikin an yi shi ne don shirya kafuwar wata kamfani reshe don rarraba kayayyakin Rukunin a Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 02:11.112 --> 02:15.416 Dalili: Ba za a sake samun GDR ba. 02:15.416 --> 02:22.829 A cikin wata hira mai zurfi , Michael Wolski ya yi bayani sosai game da "faduwar bangon Berlin", yana bayyana wata dabara 02:22.829 --> 02:27.583 da aka tsara wadda ke ɓoye muradun shugabanni a Gabas da Yamma. 02:27.583 --> 02:36.250 Wolski kuma ya bayyana yadda ayyukan leƙen asiri na Soviet da na Yamma suka tallata kuma suka yi amfani da zanga-zangar lumana. 02:36.250 --> 02:42.416 Dalili: Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus ta kai ga matakin da ba za a iya mulki ba kuma tattalin arziki ya rushe. 02:42.416 --> 02:47.833 Ya kasance a bayyane cewa tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye na jam'iyya ɗaya bai yi aiki ba. 02:47.833 --> 02:52.960 Saboda saurin rushewar Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus, an tilasta wa ƙungiyoyin da ke a bayan fage su 02:52.960 --> 02:56.061 canza dabarunsu. Amma waɗanne ƙungiyoyi ne waɗannan? 02:56.061 --> 02:58.291 Saurari Michael Wolski: 02:58.291 --> 03:12.526 "An samu Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba a shekarar 1917, kuma an wallafa littattafai da dama, musamman daga Amurka, waɗanda 03:12.526 --> 03:25.166 ke bayyana dalla-dalla alaƙar dake tsakanin Wall Street da Juyin Bolshevik, misali na Anthony Sutton." 03:25.166 --> 03:35.062 Haka kuma an bayyana yadda Trotsky da Lenin, wadanda suka samu tallafin kudi—daya daga wurin daya daga cikin masu kafa Babban 03:35.062 --> 03:42.029 Bankin Tarayya na Amurka, dayan kuma daga hukumar leken asirin Jamus ta Abwehr—suka tafi 03:42.029 --> 03:45.750 Petrograd don tayar da juyin juya hali a can. 03:45.750 --> 03:53.527 Wasu kuwa saboda sun ga ƙasar ta yi balaga don a kwace ta, wato bankunan Amurka, domin su sa 03:53.527 --> 03:58.125 ƙasar ƙarƙashin ikon su, kamar yadda ake cewa. 03:58.125 --> 04:07.812 "Kuma a wancan lokacin, Amurkawa sun nada wani mutum wanda ya riga ya san Lenin kuma ya kulla yarjejeniyoyi 04:07.812 --> 04:13.250 na farko da shi. Wannan mutumin shi ne Armand Hammer." 04:13.250 --> 04:20.187 Kuma har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1990, ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin rasuwarsa, shi ne mai haɗin 04:20.187 --> 04:25.346 gwiwa tsakanin babban birnin Amurka da Politburo. 04:25.346 --> 04:35.159 Kuma duk waɗannan manyan ayyukan shigo da kaya na Tarayyar Soviet, waɗanda suka haɗa da masana'antu, tashoshin samar da 04:35.159 --> 04:42.333 wutar lantarki ta ruwa, da kuma yarjejeniyar "Land and Lease" a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 04:42.333 --> 04:48.458 Biyu, an kammala su ƙarƙashin kariyarsa, a ce. 04:48.458 --> 04:53.333 Oh, kuma a gefe guda, Armand Hammer ya kasance biloniya tsawon shekaru. 04:53.333 --> 05:00.166 Mahaifinsa shi ne wanda ya kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kuma shi ne ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. 05:00.166 --> 05:07.458 Kuma, tabbas, shi ma ya karɓi Order of Lenin. 05:07.458 --> 05:13.583 br] Masu kallo: Dole ne ku bar hakan ya nutse a zukatanku na ɗan lokaci. 05:13.583 --> 05:20.255 Masu banki da suka kafa Federal Reserve a shekarar 1913 sun ba da kuɗi ga Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba shekaru huɗu 05:20.255 --> 05:24.583 daga baya da kuma kafuwar Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1922. 05:24.583 --> 05:30.583 Sakamakon ya kasance gagarumar raƙuman rarraba dukiyoyin Rasha zuwa hannun bankunan Amurka masu shakku! 05:30.583 --> 05:35.250 Da farko, 'yan Soviet sun kwace dukiyoyin aristokraɗi, coci, bourgeoisie da manyan jami'ai. 05:35.250 --> 05:40.543 Ta yin haka, sun ƙirƙiri abin da ake kira dukiyar jama'a, sun biya ribar bankuna na Amurka kuma sun kulla 05:40.543 --> 05:43.708 kwangiloli da waɗannan bankuna don samar da masana'antu. 05:43.708 --> 05:48.291 Bankin Jihar Soviet ya kasance na Rothschild a wancan lokacin, kamar yadda yake a yau. 05:48.291 --> 05:54.000 Wolski ya taƙaita lokacin daga Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba zuwa faduwar Katangar Berlin kamar haka: 05:54.000 --> 06:01.664 "Babu wanda zai yi tunanin cewa waɗannan 'yan komunis na Rasha a ƙarshe an ba su kuɗi ne daga Yamma a 06:01.664 --> 06:06.466 matakin farawa, sannan daga baya aka sarrafa su." 06:06.466 --> 06:16.000 Wannan ma shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa ba za su iya fahimtar cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe tsarin kanta ba. 06:16.000 --> 06:20.350 Lokacin da tsarin zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Tarayyar Soviet da kasashen Bloc na Gabas kamar 06:20.350 --> 06:25.322 Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus (GDR), ya yi taƙura kuma ya tsaya cak, sai ya zama dole a canza tsarin. 06:25.322 --> 06:29.794 Da sun yi jira na dogon lokaci, tsarin zai rushe ba tare da iko ba. 06:29.794 --> 06:34.635 Sai ta hanyar rushewa da aka sarrafa da kuma sabon farawa mai tausayi tare da sababbin fuska ne kawai 06:34.635 --> 06:38.916 ƙungiyoyin da ke bayan fage suka sami damar ci gaba da riƙe iko. 06:38.916 --> 06:43.291 Bayan rushewar Katangar Berlin, An rushe Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1991. 06:43.291 --> 06:50.471 Wannan sauyin dabarun da aka sarrafa daga hannun masu iko a bayan fage an shirya shi ne a Cibiyar Nazarin 06:50.471 --> 06:57.291 Tsarin a Vienna, inda hukumomin leƙen asiri na Gabas da Yamma ke aiki tare tun daga 1972. 06:57.291 --> 07:02.750 A can ne aka tsara rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma dukkanin Blokin Gabas. 07:02.750 --> 07:08.583 Wannan cibiyar ta horar da wasu matasa kananan manajoji da aka zaɓa don lokacin bayan faɗuwar Katangar Berlin. 07:08.583 --> 07:18.735 "Kuma wani abu kuma shi ne, domin mu'amala da Tarayyar Soviet, an kafa wata cibiyar haɗin gwiwa a kusa da Vienna 07:18.735 --> 07:27.916 tare da Amurkawa, inda, tun daga 1982, ake horas da jami'an siyasa don zamanin bayan perestroika." 07:27.916 --> 07:39.917 Wannan yana nufin akwai sunaye kamar Chubais, Wechselberg, Arwen da sauransu, waɗanda aka horar da su a can, 07:39.917 --> 07:50.617 sannan a ƙarshen perestroika suka shiga cikin sayar da dukiyar jama'a, wato dukiyar gwamnati. 07:50.617 --> 07:56.644 Kuma haka ne suka zama biliyoniyoyi ko oligarchs da muke magana akansu. 07:56.644 --> 08:02.675 "Kuma 'yan oligarƙi daga Yamma, 'yan oligarƙi na kuɗi, sun kuma shiga. 08:02.675 --> 08:07.544 Kuma sun zaɓi muhimman sassa a masana'antar albarkatun kasa. 08:07.544 --> 08:15.520 Kuma Khodorkovsky misali ne ɗaya, Abramovich kuma wani misali ne, waɗanda suka kasance suna karɓar rance daga Yamma, waɗanda 08:15.520 --> 08:21.043 aka yi musu alkawarin ba da rance tun daga shekarar 1988. 08:21.043 --> 08:28.083 Iyaye masu iko a bayan fage sun yi amfani da wasu matasa masu tasowa da aka zaɓa kuma aka horar da su a Cibiyar Vienna. 08:28.083 --> 08:34.892 Da taimakon masu ba da kuɗi na Yamma, sun samu damar kwace dukiyar ƙasa ta Tarayyar Soviet. 08:34.892 --> 08:42.484 Maza irin Roman Abramovich sun samu damar juya dala miliyan 100 zuwa riba mai ban mamaki ta dala 08:42.484 --> 08:47.591 biliyan 13.5 ta hanyar sake raba dukiyar ƙasa a Rasha. 08:47.591 --> 08:55.826 "Kuma abin da muka fuskanta a lokacin shi ne cewa wannan ya haifar da fitowar ajin 'yan oligarƙi, sannan Kwamitin Siyasa 08:55.826 --> 09:00.500 da jam'iyya, tare da dukkan tsarin su, suka bace kwatsam." 09:00.500 --> 09:06.458 Kuma gwagwarmayar ajin da muka yi a lokacin ta canza zuwa gwagwarmayar yanayi. 09:06.458 --> 09:14.890 Kuma abin da aka yi mana taƙura da shi har zuwa 1990 a Bloc na Gabas shi ne jam'iyyar ajin ma'aikata, yaƙin ajin, 09:14.890 --> 09:25.583 ma'aikatan ƙasashe duka ku haɗu – duk kalmomi marasa ma'ana ne waɗanda yanzu aka maye gurbinsu da wasu kalmomi marasa ma'ana. 09:25.583 --> 09:30.960 Hukunci na wucin gadi: Faduwar Katangar Berlin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet an tsara su sosai 09:30.960 --> 09:34.468 kuma an aiwatar da su ta hanyar kulawa da gangan. 09:34.468 --> 09:40.016 Cibiyar Vienna ta samar da ƙwarewa, wato sabuwar akidar ƙarancin albarkatu da kariyar 09:40.016 --> 09:44.083 yanayi, yayin da manyan bankuna suka samar da kuɗi. 09:44.083 --> 09:49.083 Wannan kwace dukiyar jama'a zuwa aljihun kaɗan yana ci gaba har zuwa yau. 09:49.083 --> 09:54.498 Kawai taken ne suka canza. Yaƙin ajin ya zama yaƙin yanayi. 09:54.498 --> 09:58.801 A cewar Wolski a wannan hira, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mutane ne ke sake amfana daga matakan da 09:58.801 --> 10:01.282 dama da aka ɗauka saboda dalilan kare yanayi. 10:01.282 --> 10:12.357 "Eh, kuma hakan ya kai mu ga manufofin da aka sa a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1966." 10:12.357 --> 10:16.394 Manufar farko ita ce a bar Yamma ta girma zuwa cikinsa. 10:16.394 --> 10:23.291 Kuma burin na biyu shi ne samun kudi daga yanayi. Wannan ne abin da ya faru. 10:23.291 --> 10:33.862 "Yanzu muna magana ne game da harajin CO2, sabbin tsarin dumama – kashi 40% na mutane a Jamus suna da gidajensu, kuma ban san nawa 10:33.862 --> 10:43.051 daga cikinsu za su iya sayen sabon tsarin dumama ba – sannan shahararrun Black Rocks da kamfanoni makamancinsu za 10:43.051 --> 10:52.951 su zo suna cewa, to, za mu siya daga kadarorin rushewar kamfani, daga kasuwar sayar da gida da aka kwace." 10:52.951 --> 10:59.357 Karshe: A taƙaice, za a iya cewa ƙungiyoyin manyan masu kuɗi da ke bayan garkuwar hayaki suna ƙara yalwar 10:59.357 --> 11:03.609 dukiyarsu da tasirinsu a duk lokacin da tarihi ya sha girgiza. 11:03.609 --> 11:10.728 Idan aka kalli da gaskiya, manyan abubuwan da suka faru kamar Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba, bayyanar tsarin rikicin ajin, da rushewar 11:10.728 --> 11:18.304 Blokin Gabas sun tabbatar da kasancewarsu samfurin kasuwanci da matakai na kafa gwamnatin danniya ta duniya baki ɗaya. 11:18.304 --> 11:25.458 A yau, a ƙarƙashin kamun kai na abin da ake kira "yaƙin yanayi ko kariyar yanayi", ana ci gaba da aiwatar da wannan ajanda ɗaya. 11:25.458 --> 11:28.689 Ana buƙatar kariyar muhalli cikin gaggawa, amma ba za a iya tsammanin hakan daga 11:28.689 --> 11:31.500 waɗanda ke cin gajiyar waɗannan rikice-rikice ba. 11:31.500 --> 11:36.265 Saboda shiga kai tsaye na mutum, mutane da yawa suna ƙara sanin irin waɗannan batutuwa. 11:36.265 --> 11:38.875 Hazo ya tashi kuma sikeli ya karkata.