WEBVTT

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Ukuwa koMdibaniso waseBerlin ngomhla we-9 kuNovemba
1989 kwangena emlandweni njengesiphumo sezibhikisho

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zoluntu ezithe qhubeka ixesha elide nezazizolileyo.

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Noko ke, umntu obone ngokwakhe wale mihla uMichael Wolski
uchaza ukuwa koDonga njengenyathelo elicwangcisiweyo lobuchule

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elathathwa ngamabutho abesemva 'kwesigqubuthelo sentlantsi'.

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Esebenzisa amava akhe kunye nophando olunzulu, uMichael
Wolski uchaza inguqu ecwangcisiweyo yoluntu ukusukela

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ekuqaleni koVukelo lwango-Okthobha ngo-1917 kude kube namhlanje.

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Wasebenza kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-GDR
ngeminyaka yoo-1980, nto leyo eyamnika abaqhagamshelwano

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bamazwe ngamazwe kwinqanaba lolawulo eMpuma naseNtshona.

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Nantsi indlela awafumanisa ngayo
ukungangqinelani okungqonge ibali lokuwa koMdonga waseBerlin.

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Ekuhambeni kophando lwakhe, uWolski wamangaliswa
kukufumanisa ukuba iinkokeli ezikhethiweyo, zombini

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zaseNtshona naseMpuma, zazisazi kwangaphambili ngokuwa koDonga.

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Uphando lwakhe lutyhile umfanekiso owahluke
ngokupheleleyo kwento efundiswa ziincwadi zembali.

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UMichael Wolski ukhankanya iziganeko ezininzi ezityhila
isenzo esihlangeneyo seenkokeli ze-Eastern Bloc

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neze-Western Bloc, esikhokelele ekubuweni koDonga lwaseBerlin.

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Isiganeko 1: Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1987, uMongameli waseSoviet
uMikhail Gorbachev kunye noMphathiswa wakhe weMicimbi

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yezaNgaphandle uEduard Shevardnadze bafuna ukuba intloko
yelizwe laseGDR uErich Honecker avule uDonga. UHonecker wala.

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Isiganeko 2: Kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinesine kamva,
owayesakuba nguMongameli wase-US uRonald Reagan wathetha kwicala

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elisentshona leBrandenburg Gate waza wabizela nokuwa koMdonga.

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Mnu Gorbachev, dilizisa le ndonga!

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Isiganeko 3: Ngo-1989, izibambiso zomda eHungary
zadilizwa, nto leyo eyenza kwaba lula kubemi

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be-GDR ukuba babaleke baye eNtshona ngase-Austria.

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Isiganeko 4: Ngomhla we-9 kaJanuwari 1990, inkampani
yase-US egunyaziswe liSebe lezoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle laseMpuma

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Berlin irhoxise iodolo eyayenziwe kuWolski ngoDisemba 1989.

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Lo msebenzi wawukulungiselela ukusekwa
kwenkampani entsha yokusasaza iimveliso zeQela kwi-GDR.

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Isizathu: Akusayi kubakho mGDR ngakumbi.

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Kudliwano-ndlebe oluneenkcukacha , uMichael Wolski ungena
kwiinkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga 'nokuwa

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koMdibaniso', etyhila indlela ecwangcisiweyo eneenjongo
ezifihlakeleyo kwicala lobunkokeli baseMpuma naseNtshona.

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UWolski ukwachaza nendlela imibhikisho
yoxolo eyayikhuthazwa kwaye isetyenziswe kakubi

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ziinkonzo ezimfihlo zaseSoviet naseNtshona.

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Isizathu: I-GDR yayifike kwinqanaba
lokungalawuleki nokudilika koqoqosho.

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Kwakucacile ukuba uqoqosho
olucwangcisiweyo lwasesoshalist alusebenzanga.

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Ngenxa yokuwohloka okukhawulezileyo kwe-GDR,
imikhosi eyayisebenza ngasemva yanyanzeleka ukuba

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itshintshe isicwangciso sayo. Kodwa zeziphi ezi mikhosi?

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Mamela uMichael Wolski:

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"Kwakukho iNguquko ka-Okthobha ngo-1917, kwaye kubekho iincwadi
ezininzi, ingakumbi ezivela eUnited States, ezichaza

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ngokweenkcukacha ezipheleleyo unxulumano phakathi kweWall Street
neNguquko yamaBolshevik, umzekelo leyo ibhalwe nguAnthony Sutton.

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Kwakhona ichaza indlela uTrotsky noLenin, ababenemali, omnye
evela kwabaseki beFederal Reserve omnye evela kwi-Abwehr

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yaseJamani, abahambela ePetrograd ukuze bavuse inguquko apho.

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Abanye, kuba babona ilizwe lilungele
utshintsho, ingakumbi oosomali baseMelika,

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ukuze balifake phantsi kweliso labo, masithi.

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"Kwaye ngelo xesha, amaMelika amisa indoda
eyayisele iyamazi uLenin yaza yenza izivumelwano

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zokuqala naye. Loo mntu yayingu-Armand Hammer.

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Kwaye kude kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1990, kamsinya
phambi kokusweleka kwakhe, wayengunxibelelanisi

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phakathi kweNtloko-dolophu yase-US kunye nePolitburo.

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Kwaye zonke ezi projekthi zinkulu zokungenisa izinto zaseSoviet
Union ezibandakanya iifektri, izikhululo zombane wamanzi, kodwa

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kwakunye nesivumelwano esithi "Land and
Lease" ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi,

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zagqitywa phantsi kolwalathiso lwakhe, masithi.

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Ewe, kwaye ke, uArmand Hammer
wayeyibhiliyoneya, kule minyaka idlulileyo.

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Utata wakhe wayengumsunguli weQela lamaKhomanisi,
engomnye wabasunguli beQela lamaKhomanisi laseUnited States.

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Kwaye, ewe, wayekwangomnye wabamkeli be-Order of Lenin.

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br] Baphulaphuli abathandekayo:
Kufuneka niyivumele yenze ingqiqo okomzuzwana.

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Oosomali abaseka iFederal Reserve ngo-1913
baxhasa ngemali uVukelo lwango-Okthobha kwiminyaka

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emine kamva kunye nokusekwa kwe-USSR ngo-1922.

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Isiphumo saba ngumgqubo omkhulu wokusasazwa kwakhona kwepropathi
yaseRashiya ezandleni zabhanki zase-US abathandabuzekayo!

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Okokuqala, amaSoviet athimba impahla
yezidwangube, yecawa, i-bourgeoisie kunye namagosa aphezulu.

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Ngokwenza njalo, benza le nto isaziwa njengepropati
yoluntu, bahlawula inzala kubarhwebi-mali base-US

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baza benza izivumelwano zoshishino naba barhwebi-mali.

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IBhanki yeLizwe yaseSoviet
yayingekaRothschild ngoko, njengoko injalo nanamhlanje.

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UWolski usishwankathela isithuba esisusela kwiNguquko
ka-Okthobha ukuya ekubuweni kweDini yaseBerlin ngolu hlobo:

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"Akukho mntu obengacinga ukuba aba makomanisi
aseRashiya ekugqibeleni baxhaswa ngemali

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yiNtshona kwisigaba sokuqala, baza kamva balawulwa."

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Seso kwakhona isizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi
bangaqondi ukuba iSoviet Union yadiliza eyayo inkqubo.

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Xa isoshalizim, ekhokelwa yiSoviet Union namazwe
oMmandla waseMpuma afana neGDR, yaba luthuli

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yaza yema, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kutshintshwe inkqubo.

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Ukuba bebelinde ixesha elide kakhulu,
inkqubo ibiya kuwa ngokungenakuzibamba.

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Kuphela ngokuwa okulawulwayo kunye neqalo
elitsha elinobubele nabantu abatsha apho

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imikhosi engabonakaliyo yakwazi ukugcina ulawulo.

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Emva kokuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin, iSoviet Union yahlulwa ngo-1991.

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Olu tshintsho lulawulwayo lwamaqhinga ngamandla angaphakathi
emfihlakalweni lwalungiselelwa kwi-Institute for

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Systems Analysis eVienna, apho iinkonzo eziyimfihlo
zaseMpuma naseNtshona bezisebenzisana kunye ukusukela ngo-1972.

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Kwakukule ndawo apho kwacwangciswa ukudilizwa
kweSoviet Union, kunye nayo yonke i-Eastern Bloc.

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Eli ziko laqeqesha abasebenzi abaselula
abakhethiweyo bexesha elalandela ukuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin.

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"Kwaye enye ingongoma yeyokuba, ukuze kujongwane neSoviet Union,
kwasekwa iziko elidibeneyo kufuphi neVienna kunye

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namaMelika, apho, ukususela ngo-1982 ukuza phambili, kwaqeqeshwa
abasebenzi bezopolitiko bexesha lasemva kwe-perestroika.

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Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho amagama afana noTschubais, Wechselberg,
Arwen njalo njalo, abaqeqeshwa apho baza ke,

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ekupheleni kwe-perestroika, bathatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni ibe
yeyabucala ipropathi yoluntu, ipropathi karhulumente.

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Kwaye yiloo ndlela abaye baba ngabatyebi
abangamabhiliyoni okanye ooligarqui esithetha ngabo.

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"Kwaye nee-oligarch zaseNtshona,
ii-oligarch zezemali, nazo zazibandakanyekile.

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Kwaye babezukhethe ezona ndawo
zibalaseleyo kwishishini lezinto zokuqala.

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UKhodorkovsky ngomnye umzekelo onjalo, uAbramovich ngomnye
umzekelo, ababefumana iimali-mboleko kwiLizwe laseNtshona,

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ababenikwe izibophelelo zemali-mboleko ukususela ngo-1988.

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Amandla angasemva kwemigubasi ke ngoko asebenzisa abaselula
abasakhulayo abakhethiweyo ababeqeqeshwe kwiZiko laseVienna.

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Ngencedo yabatyali-mali baseNtshona, bakwazi
ukuthimba ubutyebi besizwe saseSoviet Union.

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Amadoda afana noRoman Abramovich akwazile ukuguqula
i-$100 yezigidi ibe yinzuzo emangalisayo ye-$13.5

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yeebhiliyoni ngokwabiwa ngokutsha kobutyebi besizwe eRashiya.

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"Yaye ke into esayifumanayo yaba yeyokuba kwavela eli
qela labaphathi abaphezulu, kwaza iPolitburo

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neqela, nazo zonke izakhiwo zayo, zanyamalala ngequbuliso."

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Kwaye umzabalazo wamaklasi esasinawo ngelo
xesha waguquka waba ngumzabalazo wemozulu.

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Kwaye into esasigutyungelwe yona de kwangowe-1990 kwi-Eastern
Bloc yayikukuthi: iqela lekhaya elisebenzayo, umzabalazo

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wamakala, niphume ndawonye maqabane asebenzayo azo zonke
iilizwe – zonke ezi yayizintetho ezingenantsingiselo, ezithe

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ngoku zathathelwa indawo ngamanye amazwi angenantsingiselo.

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Isigqibo sexeshana: Ukuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin
nokupheliswa koManyano lwaseSoviet kwacwangciswa

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ngononophelo kwaye kwenziwa ngokulawulwa okucwangcisiweyo.

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I-Vienna Institute yabonelela ngobuchule, oko kukuthi,
ingcinga entsha yezibonelelo ezinqabileyo nokhuseleko

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lwemozulu, kwaye iibhanki ezinkulu zabonelela ngemali.

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Oku kuthathwa kwempahla karhulumente kusiya
ezipokothweni zabambalwa kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje.

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Zitshintshile kuphela izibhengezo. Umzabalazo wamaqela
asekuhlaleni uye waba ngumzabalazo wokulwela imozulu.

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NgokukaWolski kule dliwano-ndlebe, la maqela
abantu afanayo kwakhona azuzisa kumanyathelo

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amaninzi athathwe ngenxa yokukhusela imozulu.

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"Ewe, kwaye oko kusizisa kwiinjongo
ezabekwa kwiSoviet Union ngo-1966.

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Injongo yokuqala yayikukuvumela iNtshona ukuba ikhule kuyo.

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Kwaye injongo yesibini yayikukwenza
imali ngemozulu. Yiloo nto eyenzekileyo.

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Ngoku ke sithetha ngezi zintela ze-CO2, iinkqubo ezintsha
zokufudumeza – i-40% yabantu baseJamani bengabanini-makhaya,

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kwaye andazi ukuba bangaphi kubo abaya kukwazi ukukhokhela
inkqubo entsha yokufudumeza – kwaye ke ezo nkampani zaziwayo

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njengeBlack Rocks nezinye ezifanayo mhlawumbi ziya kubakho
zisithi, kulungile, siza kuyithenga kwimpahla yobhujiso-mali,

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kwi-auction yokuthengiswa kwepropathi ebambe-mali.

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Isiphelo: Ngokushwankathela, kunokuthiwa amaqela
ezemali aphezulu asemva kwesigqubuthelo andisa ubutyebi

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nempembelelo yawo ngalo lonke ukuvukela-mali kwembali.

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Xa kujongwe ngokungathathi cala, iziganeko ezibalaseleyo ezifana
noVukelo lwango-Okthobha, ukuvela kwenkqubo yomzabalazo wamaqela,

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kunye nokuwa kwe-Eastern Bloc zingqineka ziyimodeli yoshishino
kunye namanyathelo okuseka ulawulo olubanzi lwehlabathi jikelele.

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Namhlanje, phantsi kwegama elithi "umzabalazo wezemozulu
okanye ukhuseleko lwemozulu", kususelwa kule ajenda inye.

11:25.458 --> 11:31.500
Ukhuselo lwendalo luyadingeka ngokungxamisekileyo,
kodwa alunakulindelwa kwabo bazuza kwezi ngxaki.

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Ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwabantu ngokwabo,
abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bayazazisa ngemiba enjalo.

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Intweni iyaphakama, kwaye izikali ziyathambeka.