1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,216
Gargaɗi: Wasu hotuna na iya zama
ba su dace da masu raunon ciki ba.

2
00:00:06,453 --> 00:00:12,531
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a cikin shirin game da takardun
WPATH da suka zube , ƙungiyoyin likitoci gaba ɗaya

3
00:00:12,531 --> 00:00:18,476
suna aiki wajen yin tiyatar gabobin jima'i ga
mutanen da ake kira suna fama da 'gender dysphoria'.

4
00:00:18,476 --> 00:00:24,902
Wadannan mutane suna jin rashin jin daɗi a cikin jikinsu kuma sau
da yawa suna fama da matsalolin tunani – haka likitoci da masu

5
00:00:24,902 --> 00:00:28,696
ba da shawara na WPATH ke bayyana shi bisa ga ƙwarewarsu ta aiki.

6
00:00:28,696 --> 00:00:37,328
Kuma nan da nan, suna "tallafawa" marasa lafiyarsu ta hanyar
nau'ikan tiyatar sauya jinsi, ciki har da ƙirƙirar gabobin jima'i

7
00:00:37,328 --> 00:00:42,630
na roba , cire mahaifa , da "top surgery," wato cire nonon mata .

8
00:00:42,630 --> 00:00:49,006
Amma shin irin waɗannan matakan tsanani na gaske suna da amfani
kuma suna aiki ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya na hankali?

9
00:00:49,006 --> 00:00:55,540
Ko akwai dalilin damuwa mai tsanani? Mu
koyi darasi daga misalan da suka gabata:

10
00:00:55,540 --> 00:00:57,643
Game da tarihin lobotomi

11
00:00:57,643 --> 00:01:02,997
A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, duniyar likitanci ta
yi imani sosai cewa lobotomy ita ce magani

12
00:01:02,997 --> 00:01:06,210
mafi tasiri kuma mafi jinƙai ga cutar hankali.

13
00:01:06,210 --> 00:01:12,421
Ta hanyar gargajiya, ana tono rami a kan kai a bangarori biyu,
sannan a saka wata na'ura marar kaifi a ciki, a

14
00:01:12,421 --> 00:01:18,570
yi amfani da ita wajen yin juyawa mai siffar karko,
wanda ke lalata babban adadin nama na kwakwalwa.

15
00:01:18,570 --> 00:01:25,694
Wani wata hanya ita ce saka na'urar tiyata ta ramar ido
zuwa cikin kwakwalwa ta hanyar siririn tsarin da ke raba

16
00:01:25,694 --> 00:01:29,936
ido da kwakwalwa, sannan a motsa ta cikin siffar karko.

17
00:01:29,936 --> 00:01:34,270
An ambaci Davison da Neale a cikin
littafin Heiko Schöning mai suna Game Over.

18
00:01:34,270 --> 00:01:42,786
A shekarar 1941, jaridar New York Times ta bayyana yadda a ke
yankan damuwa, tunanin tsangwama, sha'awar kashe kai, tunani

19
00:01:42,786 --> 00:01:51,584
mai tsanani, rashin yanke shawara da tashin hankali a kai
da wuƙa a cikin kai, godiya ga sabon aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa.

20
00:01:51,584 --> 00:01:54,863
Ba a ambaci zaluncin yankan jiki na tiyata ba.

21
00:01:54,863 --> 00:02:01,261
Domin "(...) lobotomy a farko ya sa mutane a cibiyoyin kwakwalwa
su fi nutsuwa (...)", in ji Schöning, yana ambaton abin

22
00:02:01,261 --> 00:02:05,120
da ya sa wannan aikin zalunci ya yi kama da maganin mu'ujiza.

23
00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:11,779
Duk da bayyanar haɗarorin da mummunan tasirin gefe, al'ummar
likitoci sun hanzarta karɓar aikin lobotomy a matsayin magani

24
00:02:11,779 --> 00:02:18,656
ga nau'o'in matsalolin hankali da dama, ciki har da damuwa,
cutar tunani mai tilastawa, ciwon daji, da schizophrenia.

25
00:02:18,656 --> 00:02:22,774
Masu lobotomi, wato likitocin da suka gudanar
da wannan aikin, ba a raina su ba, sai dai sun

26
00:02:22,774 --> 00:02:25,303
sami suna mai daraja a tsakanin mutane da dama.

27
00:02:25,303 --> 00:02:32,583
Antonio Moniz, wanda ya ƙirƙiri lobotomy, an ba shi Kyautar
Nobel a shekarar 1949 saboda gudummawarsa ga fannin likitanci.

28
00:02:32,583 --> 00:02:38,777
Walter Freeman da James Watts, waɗanda suka shahara da wannan
tsari a Amurka, an tarbe su da armashi a tarukan shekara-shekara

29
00:02:38,777 --> 00:02:45,613
na American Medical Association (AMA) , inda suka bayar da
bayanai game da hanyoyin yankan kwakwalwa ta hanyar baje kolin.

30
00:02:45,613 --> 00:02:48,646
A cewar Peter Breggin, an nakalto Freeman yana cewa:

31
00:02:48,646 --> 00:02:55,886
"Psychosurgery tana samun nasararta ne ta hanyar tarwatsa
tunanin kirkira, raunana motsin rai, hallaka tunanin almara, da

32
00:02:55,886 --> 00:02:59,883
ƙirƙirar mutum mai kama da robot wanda za a iya sarrafawa."

33
00:02:59,883 --> 00:03:05,510
Tun da a wancan lokacin ake ɗaukar sukar likitoci abokan
aiki a matsayin rashin ɗabi'a, fitaccen mujallar New England

34
00:03:05,510 --> 00:03:08,796
Journal of Medicine ta ba wannan tsarin ingancin kimiyya:

35
00:03:08,796 --> 00:03:15,570
Ya wallafa wani labari da ke cewa an gudanar da aikin ne
"(...) bisa ga ƙwararrun lura na ilimin halittar jiki".

36
00:03:15,570 --> 00:03:18,583
Jaridun tabloid ma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa.

37
00:03:18,583 --> 00:03:23,197
A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, ana yawan
bayyana lobotomy a cikin fitattun mujallu na

38
00:03:23,197 --> 00:03:27,056
Amurka kamar Reader's Digest, Time da Newsweek.

39
00:03:27,056 --> 00:03:32,950
Rahotannin gabaɗaya sun kasance masu kyau kuma
sun rage muhimmancin zaluncin hakikanin aikin.

40
00:03:32,950 --> 00:03:38,497
Babu ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin likitanci na Amurka, ciki
har da Ƙungiyar Masana Harkokin Tunani ta Amurka

41
00:03:38,497 --> 00:03:44,256
(APA) da Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka (AMA), da
ta yi magana a hukumance don sukar wannan tsari.

42
00:03:44,256 --> 00:03:50,223
Marasa lafiya masu tsanani da iyalansu sun nemi a
yi musu lobotomi bayan sun karanta waɗannan labarai.

43
00:03:50,223 --> 00:03:55,463
Yanayin asibitocin kwakwalwa a wancan lokacin abin takaici ne,
kuma hanyoyin magani na daban kamar maganin koma

44
00:03:55,463 --> 00:04:01,143
na insulin da maganin girgizar lantarki shima mai
tsauri ne kuma sau da yawa cike da tashin hankali.

45
00:04:01,143 --> 00:04:08,923
Wannan ya haifar da makanta mai ƙarfi da aka yi gangan ga dabi'ar
zalunci ta lobotomy da illolin gefe da ke tattare da ita.

46
00:04:08,923 --> 00:04:14,944
Hanyar tana yawan sanya marasa lafiya
cikin yanayin "yara da aka haifar da tiyata".

47
00:04:14,944 --> 00:04:20,598
Freeman ya ƙirƙiri "transorbital lobotomy," inda
aka buga wata na'urar tiyata mai kama da sanda mai

48
00:04:20,598 --> 00:04:24,196
kaifi a cikin kwakwalwar majinyaci ta ramar ido.

49
00:04:24,196 --> 00:04:29,956
Ya ɗauki maganin da ya yi nasara ne idan marasa
lafiyarsa za su iya barin cibiyar kuma a kula da su a

50
00:04:29,956 --> 00:04:34,083
gida "a matakin mara lafiya na gida ko dabba mai ciki".

51
00:04:34,083 --> 00:04:41,458
Ya kuma yi imani cewa da wuri aka yi wannan tsari, sakamakon zai
fi kyau, kuma ya yi kira a ɗauki aikin a matsayin zaɓin magani

52
00:04:41,458 --> 00:04:46,076
na farko ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin hankali masu sauƙi kawai.

53
00:04:46,076 --> 00:04:50,993
Duk da haka, ma'aunin nasara mai cike da shakku
bai tabbata ba: wasu marasa lafiya sun kasance

54
00:04:50,993 --> 00:04:54,164
nakasassu har abada kuma kusan kashi 15% sun mutu.

55
00:04:54,164 --> 00:04:59,952
Mafi sa'ar daga cikin marasa lafiya na Freeman sun sami damar
rayuwa cikin 'yanci kaɗan kuma su ɗauki ayyuka masu ƙarancin

56
00:04:59,952 --> 00:05:03,563
ƙwarewa, amma mafi yawan su ba su yi irin wannan sa'a ba.

57
00:05:03,563 --> 00:05:08,304
Da yawa sun ji rauni a ƙwaƙwalwar tunawarsu ta
dogon lokaci kuma sun sha wahala har da mafi sauƙin

58
00:05:08,304 --> 00:05:11,836
ayyuka. Wasu da dama sun kasance nakasassu har abada.

59
00:05:11,836 --> 00:05:20,149
Babban laifin Freeman shi ne ya yi wa yara lobotomi ta
gefen ido, guda 19 gaba ɗaya, daga cikinsu 11 an bayyana

60
00:05:20,149 --> 00:05:25,016
su a bugu na 1950 na littafinsa mai suna Psychosurgery.

61
00:05:25,016 --> 00:05:31,840
Ɗan ƙarshe ya kai shekaru huɗu kacal. Biyu daga cikin yara
goma sha ɗaya sun mutu sakamakon zubar jini a kwakwalwa.

62
00:05:31,840 --> 00:05:37,462
Sai lokacin da jaridar New York Times ta bayyana a rahotonta cewa
"likitocin tiyata yanzu ba sa damuwa da tiyatar

63
00:05:37,462 --> 00:05:44,203
kwakwalwa kamar yadda suke damuwa da cire ƙaramar hanji" ne
kawai aka fara samun adawa mai tsanani ga wannan hanyar.

64
00:05:44,203 --> 00:05:48,442
Ga marasa lafiya a cibiyoyin kwakwalwa, waɗanda
a farko suka yi natsuwa, "(...) sai suka zama

65
00:05:48,442 --> 00:05:51,996
masu raunin tunani, marasa sha'awa, suka mutu" .

66
00:05:51,996 --> 00:05:58,241
Masu suka a ƙarshe sun nuna munanan tasirin da yawancin marasa
lafiya suka fuskanta, sun nuna damuwa game da ƙa'idodin da ake

67
00:05:58,241 --> 00:06:03,088
amfani da su wajen auna nasara, kuma sun zargi
likitocin tiyata da gudanar da waɗannan matakan ba

68
00:06:03,088 --> 00:06:06,956
tare da yin binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa ba a gaba.

69
00:06:06,956 --> 00:06:12,483
Duk da haka, rashin wasu zaɓuɓɓuka na magani masu jinƙai – ko
mafi dacewa, watsi da zaluncin wannan hanyar –

70
00:06:12,483 --> 00:06:19,960
ya tilasta wa likitocin kwakwalwa da iyalai su
koma ga irin waɗannan matakan ƙunci duk da haka.

71
00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:26,616
An samo maganin chlorpromazine a shekarun
1950, kuma shi ne ya jawo saurin raguwar lobotomy.

72
00:06:26,616 --> 00:06:32,360
A cikin littafinsa, Heiko Schöning har ya kai ga
magana game da rushe halayyar mutum da alburus na kankara.

73
00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:40,832
A cewar Schöning, kusan mutane 35,000 ne aka yi musu
lalata ta hanyar lobotomy a Amurka tsakanin 1936 da 1978.

74
00:06:40,832 --> 00:06:44,390
A duk faɗin duniya, ana kiyasta adadin
waɗanda abin ya shafa ya kai kusan miliyan ɗaya.

75
00:06:44,390 --> 00:06:49,835
Kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne a yi amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyi
don karya juriya, ko a cikin gidajen yari ko

76
00:06:49,835 --> 00:06:54,800
kuma a kan masu kin biyayya ga dokokin
gwamnati, wato masu suka ga tsarin da ke akwai.

77
00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:59,503
Baya ga amfani da shi wajen maganin mutanen da ke da
matsalolin kwakwalwa, tun farko an yi ƙoƙarin

78
00:06:59,503 --> 00:07:02,890
warware matsalolin zamantakewa ta hanyar tiyatar kwakwalwa.

79
00:07:02,890 --> 00:07:08,130
Anan ne ainihin amfani da tiyatar
kwakwalwa don laifukan tsari ke farawa.

80
00:07:08,130 --> 00:07:13,237
A farkon ƙarni na ashirin, wani likita ɗan
Birtaniya ya riga ya ba da shawarar cire sha'awar yajin

81
00:07:13,237 --> 00:07:17,003
aiki daga ma'adinai ta hanyar tiyatar kwakwalwa (...).

82
00:07:17,003 --> 00:07:23,030
Baya ga hanyar ice pick (...), yanzu akwai nau'ikan
hanyoyin tiyatar kwakwalwa na zamani da suka fi rikitarwa.

83
00:07:23,030 --> 00:07:27,090
(…) Ana ci gaba da aiki kan waɗannan ci gaban
kuma ana amfani da su a duk faɗin duniya har yanzu.

84
00:07:27,090 --> 00:07:32,236
Duk hanyoyin suna da abu guda ɗaya da suke da
shi: suna halaka wasu sassan kwakwalwa har abada.

85
00:07:32,236 --> 00:07:36,921
Har yanzu ana matuƙar shan sha'awar tiyatar
kwakwalwa, duk da cewa yanzu an tabbatar da cewa ba

86
00:07:36,921 --> 00:07:40,343
ta da amfani wajen maganin matsalolin zamantakewa.

87
00:07:40,343 --> 00:07:43,463
Matsayin yanzu na tiyatar gabobin jima'i

88
00:07:43,463 --> 00:07:49,583
Gaskiyar cewa ƙungiyoyin likitanci sun bayyana hanyar
zalunci ta Freeman a matsayin ingantacciyar kimiyya tana nuna

89
00:07:49,583 --> 00:07:53,190
babban matakin rashin hankali na laifi da kuzarin laifi.

90
00:07:53,190 --> 00:07:58,791
Tarihin waɗannan mummunan hanyoyin tiyata da
ake kira lobotomy ya kamata ya zama gargaɗi

91
00:07:58,791 --> 00:08:02,396
marar jinƙai ga duniyar likitanci. Amma ba haka ba!

92
00:08:02,396 --> 00:08:06,103
Bayan kusan shekaru 70 kacal, wata masifa tana karatowa.

93
00:08:06,103 --> 00:08:12,115
Wata masanin halayyar mutane daga California ta shaida wa abokan
aikinta a dandalin WPATH game da "ikon warkarwa mai ban mamaki"

94
00:08:12,115 --> 00:08:18,220
na cire azzakari ta hanyar tiyata ga marasa lafiya masu matsalolin
hankali, waɗanda hakan ya sa su shiga "hanyar murmurewar motsin

95
00:08:18,220 --> 00:08:21,816
rai" kuma ana tsammanin sun rayu cikin farin ciki har abada.

96
00:08:21,816 --> 00:08:28,901
Likitocin tiyatar jinsi na WPATH, kamar masu yin lobotomi kafin
su, suna kauce wa buƙatar ɗabi'a cewa dole ne a tabbatar da

97
00:08:28,901 --> 00:08:36,416
cewa wata hanyar tiyata tana da aminci kuma tana da
amfani kafin a fara amfani da ita a aikin likitanci na gabaɗaya.

98
00:08:36,416 --> 00:08:42,479
Kaɗan daga cikin dogon lokaci nazarin tiyatar gabobin jima'i da
ake da su sun nuna matsaloli masu yawa a

99
00:08:42,479 --> 00:08:49,010
rayuwar zamantakewa, yawan kamuwa da cututtukan
hankali bayan haka, da ƙaruwa a haɗarin kashe kai.

100
00:08:49,010 --> 00:08:55,384
Duk da haka, kungiyoyi iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka saba, wato
ƙungiyoyi kamar APA da AMA , har yanzu suna goyon

101
00:08:55,384 --> 00:09:01,470
bayan yankan gabobin jima'i na yara ƙanana da manyan masu
rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa ta hannun likitocin WPATH.

102
00:09:01,470 --> 00:09:06,894
A cikin dukkanin skandalolin tarihi, mafi yawan waɗanda abin ya
shafa ko dai ƙanana ne ko masu rashin lafiya na

103
00:09:06,894 --> 00:09:12,790
hankali, ko duka biyun, kuma ayyukan da aka yi sun
haifar da lalacewar siffar jiki ta dindindin da nakasa.

104
00:09:12,790 --> 00:09:20,137
A mafi kyawun yanayi, marasa lafiya maza da suka yi tiyatar sake
gina farji (vaginoplasty) suna da ramuka da dole ne a faɗaɗa

105
00:09:20,137 --> 00:09:24,556
su har tsawon rayuwarsu, tare da matuƙar raguwar aikin jima'i.

106
00:09:24,556 --> 00:09:29,038
Masu ƙarancin sa'a suna fama da matsaloli masu
tsanani kamar kwaryar mahaifa cike da jini, matsalolin yin

107
00:09:29,038 --> 00:09:32,352
fitsari da ramukan haɗin mahaifa da bututun fitsari.

108
00:09:32,352 --> 00:09:37,490
Ritchie Herron, wani namiji da ya janye daga canjin jinsi bayan
ya yi tiyatar sauya mahaifa a lokacin

109
00:09:37,490 --> 00:09:42,590
rikicin lafiyar hankali, ya bayyana rayuwarsa
bayan aikin a matsayin mummunan mafarki mai rai.

110
00:09:42,590 --> 00:09:48,149
"Ba za ka iya rayuwa da mutunci irin wannan ba," in ji wanda abin
ya shafa mai shekaru 32, wanda ya fuskanci

111
00:09:48,149 --> 00:09:54,676
laifin likitanci na yau, yana fama da ciwo mai
ɗorewa, rashin jin motsi da matsalolin hanyar fitsari.

112
00:09:54,676 --> 00:09:59,296
Kwatantrin lobotomy da tiyatar gabobin jima'i

113
00:09:59,296 --> 00:10:05,531
Ko da yake marasa lafiya da yawa suna fama da matsaloli kuma suna
fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tunani da na

114
00:10:05,531 --> 00:10:12,676
dangantaka, ana yaudare su a bainar jama'a ana gaya musu
cewa sun gamsu da sakamakon tiyatar gabobin jima'insu.

115
00:10:12,676 --> 00:10:19,597
A kwatance, iyalai da dama a da sun kasance masu matuƙar
godiya ga Dr. Freeman saboda taimakon da ya yi wa 'yan uwansu,

116
00:10:19,597 --> 00:10:23,712
duk da mummunan sakamakon da ya biyo bayan aikin tiyatar.

117
00:10:23,712 --> 00:10:29,319
A wancan lokacin kamar yanzu, yana nuna wani
matakin yaudara kai ko, kamar yadda masu binciken

118
00:10:29,319 --> 00:10:33,248
Dutch ke tsoro, "murna da tunanin bege ya karkatar".

119
00:10:33,248 --> 00:10:42,556
Iyalai da suka amince a yi wa masoyinsu lobotomi, tabbas
suna da dalili na manne da imanin cewa wannan shawarar ta dace.

120
00:10:42,556 --> 00:10:48,636
Ta yin haka, ana gangan yin watsi da
bayyanannun alamun cewa hakan ba haka yake ba.

121
00:10:48,636 --> 00:10:56,256
Da yawa daga cikin matasa ko iyayensu, da kuma manya da abin
ya shafa, na iya fuskantar irin wannan gwagwarmayar ciki a yau.

122
00:10:56,256 --> 00:11:02,760
Duk hujjojin da ake da su kafin "hype" na jinsi ya
zama mai siyasa sosai suna nuna cewa mafi yawan

123
00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:07,236
kananan yara suna daidaita kansu da jinsinsu bayan balaga.

124
00:11:07,236 --> 00:11:13,416
Abin takaici, duk da haka, ci gaban halitta na matasa
yana dogara ne akan tubalin zamantakewa da ya lalace.

125
00:11:13,416 --> 00:11:19,973
Domin binciken halitta gaba ɗaya na gano ainihin kai,
wanda rashin gamsuwa da shakkar kai ke tare da shi,

126
00:11:19,973 --> 00:11:24,136
an gangan miƙa shi ga wata hukuma mai fassara ta jinsi.

127
00:11:24,136 --> 00:11:30,473
Yaran zamaninmu ana kutsa musu. Tun daga
makarantar rassa, ana ƙarfafa su su tambayi jinsinsu.

128
00:11:30,473 --> 00:11:36,477
A cikin darussan makaranta, ana kuskure fassara tsarin ci gaban
balaga na halitta gaba ɗaya. Wato, ana ganin cewa

129
00:11:36,477 --> 00:11:42,236
mutum na iya kasancewa an haife shi a jiki da
bai dace ba, kuma zaɓar jinsi daban ba matsala ce.

130
00:11:42,236 --> 00:11:46,216
Wannan ya yi daidai da manufar akidar jinsi da WPATH.

131
00:11:46,216 --> 00:11:51,022
Raguwa da rushewar iyalai sau da
yawa suna haifar da ƙarin wahala.

132
00:11:51,022 --> 00:11:58,850
Maimakon su jira cikin haƙuri da natsuwa har matasa suka kai ga
ƙarshen ci gaban su, mambobin WPATH ba tare da ɗaukar alhaki ba

133
00:11:58,850 --> 00:12:06,673
suna ba da shawarar yin tiyata a matsayin ita kaɗai magani,
har ma ga ƙanana da masu matsanancin rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa.

134
00:12:06,673 --> 00:12:12,594
Kamar yadda Freeman da abokan aikinsa suka ikirari a
wancan lokacin cewa lobotomy ita ce kaɗai bege ga matalauta,

135
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marasa farin ciki a cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa.

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A da kamar yanzu: raunana marar gyara!

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Karshe Bayan marasa lafiya na ƙarshe ya mutu sakamakon
zubar jini a kwakwalwa a shekarar 1967, an soke

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lasisin asibitin Walter Freeman, wanda ya fadi cikin kunya.

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Ya yi sauran ranakunsa yana yawo a fadin Amurka, yana
bibiyar marasa lafiyarsa da iyalansu, yana neman hujjoji cewa

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hanyar da ya ƙauna ta taimaka musu maimakon ta cutar da su.

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Freeman ya ga kansa a matsayin "mai ceto" ga masu tsananin rashin
lafiya na hankali kuma ya yi imani yana ba wa marasa bege bege.

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A kololuwar aikinsa, bai taɓa tunanin cewa
warkarwarsa ta mu'ujiza za a taɓa ƙyamar ta

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kuma a ɗauke ta a matsayin mummunar laifi ba.

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Haka nan ya shafi WPATH da mambobinta.

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An yi wahayi da ra'ayin zama jaruman kare hakkin ɗan adam da ke
yaƙi domin waɗanda ake tauye haƙƙoƙinsu, suna ganin kansu

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a matsayin masu fafutuka a fannin likitanci, suna ba da
kulawar lafiya mai muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya masu buƙata.

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Duk da haka, muna ganin cewa hallaka lafiyayyun gabobin jima'i ta
hanyar tiyata za ta shiga tarihi a matsayin laifi mai

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girman da ya yi daidai ko ma ya fi na lobotomy. Kuma waɗannan
masu yankan nama ba za su tserewa hukuncin da ya dace ba!