WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:03.216 Isixwayiso: Ezinye izithombe zingase zingafaneleki kulabo abanesisu esibuthakathaka. 00:06.453 --> 00:12.185 Njengoba sekushiwo ohlelweni mayelana namadokhumenti e-WPATH aphukile, izinhlangano zezokwelapha eziphelele 00:12.185 --> 00:18.476 zimatasa nokwenza ukuhlinzwa kwezitho zangasese kubantu abahlushwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-gender dysphoria. 00:18.476 --> 00:23.638 Laba bantu bazizwa bengakhululekile emizimbeni yabo futhi kaningi babhekana nezinkinga zengqondo – yilokhu 00:23.638 --> 00:28.696 odokotela nabeluleki be-WPATH abakuchazayo ngokususelwa ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwangempela. 00:28.696 --> 00:35.334 Futhi ngokushesha bayabasekela abaguli babo ngokuhlinzwa okuhlukahlukene kokuguqulwa kobulili, okuhlanganisa 00:35.334 --> 00:42.630 ukudalwa ngobuciko kwezitho zocansi , ukususwa kwesibeletho , kanye nokuhlinzwa kwesifuba kwabesifazane . 00:42.630 --> 00:49.006 Kodwa ngabe lezi zinyathelo eziqinile ngempela ziyasiza futhi ziyasebenza kubantu abahlushwa izinkinga zengqondo? 00:49.006 --> 00:55.540 Noma ngabe kukhona isizathu sokukhathazeka okukhulu? Ake sifunde ezifundweni zangaphambilini: 00:55.540 --> 00:57.643 Ngomlando we-lobotomy 00:57.643 --> 01:03.177 Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, umhlaba wezokwelapha wawukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi i-lobotomy yayingokwelashwa 01:03.177 --> 01:06.210 okusebenza kakhulu nokunobuntu kwezifo zengqondo. 01:06.210 --> 01:11.917 Ngendlela evamile, kubhoboza umgodi ekhanda emaceleni womabili, bese kufakwa ithuluzi elingacijile bese 01:11.917 --> 01:18.570 lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukujikeleza okubunjiwe okubumba umugqa ogobile, kubhubhisa ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho. 01:18.570 --> 01:23.819 Enye indlela ihilela ukufaka idivayisi yokuhlinzwa ngokusebenzisa isikhala sohlangothi lwamehlo ukuze ifinyelele 01:23.819 --> 01:29.936 ebuchosheni ngokusebenzisa ingqimba emincane ehlukanisa iliso nobuchopho, futhi uyishukumisela ngomumo womjikelezo. 01:29.936 --> 01:34.270 UDavison noNeale bacashunwa nguHeiko Schöning encwadini yakhe ethi Game Over. 01:34.270 --> 01:42.062 Ngo-1941, i-New York Times yachaza ukuthi iziguli ze-lobotomy "(...) ukukhathazeka, izinkolelo zokuhlukunyezwa, izifiso 01:42.062 --> 01:48.020 zokuzibulala, izifiso ezingapheli, ukungakhethi nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kusikwa ngempela 01:48.020 --> 01:51.584 ekhanda ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwengqondo okusha." 01:51.584 --> 01:54.863 Ubuphoxayo bokugqekeza ngokuhlinzwa abuzange bukhulunywe ngakho. 01:54.863 --> 01:59.905 Mayelana nokuthi "(...) i-lobotomy ekuqaleni yenza abantu ezikhungweni zengqondo bathule (...)", uSchöning 01:59.905 --> 02:05.120 uyaqhubeka, ecaphuna lokho okwokuqala okwenza lo msebenzi ononya ubonakale njengomuthi wamahlelo. 02:05.120 --> 02:10.149 Naphezu kwezingozi ezicacile nemiphumela emibi embi kakhulu, umphakathi wezokwelapha wamukela ngokushesha inqubo ye-lobotomy 02:10.149 --> 02:14.124 njengendlela yokwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukudangala, isifo 02:14.124 --> 02:18.656 sokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe (obsessive-compulsive disorder), i-epilepsy, kanye ne-schizophrenia. 02:18.656 --> 02:22.636 Abalobotoma, okungukuthi odokotela abenza lo msebenzi wokuhlinzwa, abazange bahlaziswe, 02:22.636 --> 02:25.303 kodwa babe nodumo oluphakeme phakathi kwabaningi. 02:25.303 --> 02:32.583 U-Antonio Moniz, umqambi we-lobotomy, wanikezwa umklomelo weNobel ngo-1949 ngenxa yomnikelo wakhe kwezokwelapha. 02:32.583 --> 02:38.504 Walter Freeman noJames Watts, abenza lolu hlelo lwathandwa e-United States, bamukelwa ngobuqotho emihlanganweni yonyaka 02:38.504 --> 02:45.613 ye-American Medical Association (AMA) , lapho behlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezinqubo zabo zokuhlukumeza ubuchopho ngemibukiso. 02:45.613 --> 02:48.646 NgokukaPeter Breggin, uFreeman ucashunwa ethi: 02:48.646 --> 02:55.742 "Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kufinyelela impumelelo yako ngokuphula umcabango, ukudambisa imizwa, ukubhubhisa ukucabanga 02:55.742 --> 02:59.883 okungokoqobo, nokudala umuntu ofana ne-robot ongawulawula." 02:59.883 --> 03:03.874 Njengoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakubhekwa njengokungeyikho ngokwezindlela zokuziphatha ukugxeka odokotela 03:03.874 --> 03:08.796 abanye, iphephabhuku elidumile i-New England Journal of Medicine lanikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwesayensi kule nqubo: 03:08.796 --> 03:15.570 Kwakhishwa udaba oluthi umsebenzi wawusekelwe "(...) ekuqaphelweni okuqinile kwezimo zomzimba". 03:15.570 --> 03:18.583 Abezindaba zama-tabloid nabo badlala indima ebalulekile. 03:18.583 --> 03:23.064 Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, i-lobotomy yayivame ukufakwa ezincwadini ezidume kakhulu e-United 03:23.064 --> 03:27.056 States ezifana ne-Reader's Digest, i-Time ne-Newsweek. 03:27.056 --> 03:32.950 Ukubika kwakuvamile ukuba kuhle futhi kwanciphisa ubukhulu bokuhlabeka kobudlova kwale nqubo. 03:32.950 --> 03:37.936 Akekho kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zezokwelapha zaseMelika, kuhlanganise ne-American Psychiatric Association 03:37.936 --> 03:44.256 (APA) kanye ne-American Medical Association (AMA) , eyake yakhuluma ngokusemthethweni ngokumelene nale nqubo. 03:44.256 --> 03:50.223 Iziguli ezidabukisayo nemindeni yazo zicele ama-lobotomy ngemva kokufunda lezi zindatshana. 03:50.223 --> 03:54.579 Izimo ezikhungweni zokwelapha izifo zengqondo ngaleso sikhathi zazimbi kakhulu, futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana 03:54.579 --> 03:58.466 nokwelashwa nge-coma ye-insulin kanye nokwelashwa ngogesi okubangela ukuquleka kwemisipha (electroconvulsive 03:58.466 --> 04:01.143 therapy) kwakunzima futhi kuvame ukuba nodlame. 04:01.143 --> 04:08.923 Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni nobumfama obuqinile, obuhlosiwe, ngobudlova be-lobotomy kanye nemiphumela yayo engemihle. 04:08.923 --> 04:14.944 Le nqubo ivamise ukubeka iziguli esimweni sobuntwana obubangelwa ukuhlinzwa. 04:14.944 --> 04:20.788 Freeman wathola i-"transorbital lobotomy," lapho ithuluzi lokuhlinzwa elifana nempushana yokubandayo lashaywa ebuchosheni 04:20.788 --> 04:24.196 lomguli ngokusebenzisa isikhala sohlangothi lwamehlo. 04:24.196 --> 04:30.117 Wayebheka ukwelashwa kwakhe njengempumelelo uma iziguli zakhe zikwazi ukushiya isikhungo futhi zinakekelwe ekhaya "ezingeni 04:30.117 --> 04:34.083 lomuntu ongaphilanga kahle wasekhaya noma isilwane sasekhaya". 04:34.083 --> 04:39.844 Wayekholelwa futhi ukuthi uma inqubo yenziwa kusenesikhathi, umphumela uba ngcono, futhi wayekhuthaza ukuthi lo 04:39.844 --> 04:46.076 msebenzi wokuhlinzwa ubhekwe njengokukhethwa kokuqala kokwelashwa kwabantu abanezifo zengqondo ezilula kuphela. 04:46.076 --> 04:50.830 Nokho, lesi silinganiso esingabazekayo sempumelelo asizange sifezeke: abanye abaguli basala 04:50.830 --> 04:54.164 benokukhubazeka okungapheli futhi cishe u-15% bashona. 04:54.164 --> 04:59.705 Abanye abaguli bakaFreeman ababenethuba elihle bakwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela ngokwanele futhi bathathe imisebenzi engadingi 04:59.705 --> 05:03.563 amakhono amaningi, kodwa iningi labo belingabi nenhlanhla enjalo. 05:03.563 --> 05:08.479 Abaningi balimala ekukhumbuleni kwabo kwesikhathi eside futhi babhekana nobunzima ngisho nemisebenzi elula kakhulu. 05:08.479 --> 05:11.836 Abaningi bahlala bengakwazi ukuzimela impilo yabo yonke. 05:11.836 --> 05:20.016 Icala elibi kakhulu likaFreeman kwakuwukwenza i-transorbital lobotomy ezinganeni ezingama-19 zizonke, kanti eziyi-11 zazo 05:20.016 --> 05:25.016 zachazwa enguqulweni ka-1950 yencwadi yakhe ethi Psychosurgery. 05:25.016 --> 05:31.840 Ingane encane kunazo zonke yayineminyaka emine kuphela. Ezimbili kwezingane eziyishumi nanye zafa ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni. 05:31.840 --> 05:37.759 Kwaba kuphela lapho i-New York Times yathi ekubikeni kwayo ukuthi "odokotela bokuhlinza manje abanazinkinga ngokuhlinzwa 05:37.759 --> 05:44.203 kobuchopho njengalokhu abanakho ngokususa i-appendix" lapho ukuphikisana okukhulu nale nqubo kwaqala ukubunjwa. 05:44.203 --> 05:48.214 Kwabesiguli ezikhungweni zokwelapha izifo zengqondo, abaqala bathule, "(...) kamuva baba 05:48.214 --> 05:51.996 buthakathaka engqondweni, bengakhathali futhi bafa" . 05:51.996 --> 05:58.177 Abagxeki ekugcineni baveze imiphumela emibi enzima abaguli abaningi abayibonile, bakhombisa ukukhathazeka ngezindinganiso 05:58.177 --> 06:02.980 ezisetshenziselwa ukukala impumelelo, futhi basola odokotela bokuhlinza ngokwenza lezi zinqubo 06:02.980 --> 06:06.956 ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwengqondo kwangaphambilini. 06:06.956 --> 06:12.383 Nokho, ukuntuleka kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ngobuntu – noma-ke ukunganaki ngokuphelele ubudlova bale 06:12.383 --> 06:19.960 ndlela – kwaphoqa odokotela bezengqondo nemindeni ukuthi basebenzise lezi zinyathelo eziyingozi. 06:19.960 --> 06:26.616 Kwaba ukudalwa komuthi i-chlorpromazine ngeminyaka yama-1950 okwabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwe-lobotomy. 06:26.616 --> 06:32.360 Encwadini yakhe, uHeiko Schöning waze wakhuluma ngokubhujiswa kobuntu ngespikhi eqandeni. 06:32.360 --> 06:40.832 Ngokusho kukaSchöning, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-35 000 baphahlazwa ngolobotomi e-USA phakathi kuka-1936 no-1978. 06:40.832 --> 06:44.390 Emhlabeni wonke, inani labahlaselweyo lilinganiselwa cishe kwisigidi esisodwa. 06:44.390 --> 06:50.745 Futhi kwakungeyona into engajwayelekile ukuthi lezi zindlela zisetshenziswe ukwephula ukumelana, noma ejele noma 06:50.745 --> 06:54.800 ekumelweni komphakathi, okusho abagxeki bohlelo olusebenzayo. 06:54.800 --> 06:59.869 Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo ekwelapheni abantu abanezinkinga zengqondo, kusukela ekuqaleni kube nemizamo yokuxazulula 06:59.869 --> 07:02.890 izinkinga zomphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho. 07:02.890 --> 07:08.130 Lapha kuqala khona ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-psychosurgery ekuhlelweni kobugebengu obuhleliwe. 07:08.130 --> 07:13.013 Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, udokotela waseBrithani wayesevele waphakamisa ukususa isifiso sabacimi 07:13.013 --> 07:17.003 bamalahle sokulwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho (...). 07:17.003 --> 07:23.030 Ngaphezu kwendlela ye-ice pick (...), manje sekukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo zokuhlinzwa kwengqondo ezithuthukisiwe. 07:23.030 --> 07:27.090 (…) Lezi zintuthuko zisabekhona zisathuthukiswa futhi zisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke namuhla. 07:27.090 --> 07:32.236 Zonke izindlela zinefana okukodwa: zibhubhisa unomphela izingxenye zobuchopho. 07:32.236 --> 07:40.343 Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kusathandwa kakhulu, naphezu kokuba manje sekufakazelwe ukuthi akusizi ngenhloso yokwelapha imiphakathi. 07:40.343 --> 07:43.463 Isimo samanje sokuhlinzwa kwezitho zangasese 07:43.463 --> 07:49.467 Iqiniso nje lokuthi izinhlangano zezokwelapha zamemezela indlela kaFreeman enonya njengesisekelo sesayensi libonisa izinga 07:49.467 --> 07:53.190 eliphezulu kakhulu lokunganaki kobugebengu namandla obugebengu. 07:53.190 --> 07:58.998 Umlando walezi zinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezinhlekelele ezaziwa ngokuthi i-lobotomy bekufanele ube yisixwayiso 07:58.998 --> 08:02.396 esingamuntu emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Kodwa kude nakho! 08:02.396 --> 08:06.103 Kuphela cishe eminyakeni engu-70 kamuva, enye ingozi isondela. 08:06.103 --> 08:11.586 Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha waseCalifornia utshela ozakwabo enkundleni ye-WPATH ngamandla amangalisayo okuphulukisa 08:11.586 --> 08:16.677 okubangelwa ukusikwa kwezitho zokuzala ngokuhlinzwa ezigulini zakhe ezinesifo sengqondo, ababe sebebekwe 08:16.677 --> 08:21.816 endleleni yokululama ngokomzwelo, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi baphila ngenjabulo unomphela. 08:21.816 --> 08:28.535 Njengama-lobotomists ngaphambi kwabo, odokotela bokuhlinzwa kobulili be-WPATH bagwema isidingo sokuziphatha sokuthi inqubo 08:28.535 --> 08:36.416 yokuhlinzwa kufanele ifakazelwe ukuthi iphephile futhi inenzuzo ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe ekusebenzisweni kwezokwelapha okuvamile. 08:36.416 --> 08:42.228 Izifundo ezimbalwa zesikhathi eside ngokuhlinzwa kwezitho zangasese ezikhona zikhombisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu 08:42.228 --> 08:49.010 ekusebenzeni komphakathi, izinga eliphezulu lezifo zengqondo ngemva kwalokho, kanye nengozi eyandayo yokuzibulala. 08:49.010 --> 08:55.398 Noma kunjalo, lezo zinhlangano ezifanayo njengangaphambilini, okungukuthi izinhlangano ezifana ne-APA ne-AMA , zisakhuthaza 08:55.398 --> 09:01.470 ukugqekeza izitho zangasese zabantwana abancane kanye nabantu abadala abagulayo ngokwengqondo ngodokotela bokuhlinza be-WPATH. 09:01.470 --> 09:06.975 Kuzo zombili izigameko zokudlame zomlando, iningi labahlaselweyo liyingane engakakhuli noma abantu abanesifo 09:06.975 --> 09:12.790 sengqondo, noma zombili, futhi izinqubo ezenziwe zibangela ukuphazamiseka okungapheli nokukhubazeka. 09:12.790 --> 09:18.315 Esimweni esihle kakhulu, iziguli zama-transgender abesilisa ezidlule ekwakhiweni kabusha kwe-vagina (i-vaginoplasty) 09:18.315 --> 09:24.556 bashiywa negobolondo elidinga ukweluleka impilo yabo yonke, kanye nokuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza kwabo ngokocansi. 09:24.556 --> 09:32.352 Abampofu babhekana nezinkinga ezinzima ezifana namapelezi agcwele igazi, izinkinga zokuchama kanye nama-fistula. 09:32.352 --> 09:37.500 URitchie Herron, indoda eyayiguqula ubulili eyayenza i-vaginoplasty ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka 09:37.500 --> 09:42.590 kwempilo yengqondo, uchaza impilo yakhe ngemva kokuhlinzwa njengomphupho omubi ophilayo. 09:42.590 --> 09:47.645 "Awukwazi ukuphila ngenhlonipho kanje," kusho isisulu esineminyaka engu-32 ubudala sobugebengu 09:47.645 --> 09:54.676 kwezokwelapha sanamuhla, esihlangabezana nobuhlungu obungapheli, ukoma kanye nezinkinga zomgudu wokuchama. 09:54.676 --> 09:59.296 Ukuqhathanisa i-lobotomy nokuhlinzwa kwezitho zangasese 09:59.296 --> 10:05.110 Nakuba iziguli eziningi zibhekana nezinkinga ezinzima futhi zibe nobunzima obukhulu ngokwengqondo 10:05.110 --> 10:12.676 nasebudlelwaneni, zixotshwa amanga obala futhi zithi zanjabule ngemiphumela yokuhlinzwa kwezitho zabo zobulili. 10:12.676 --> 10:19.063 Uma kuqhathaniswa, imindeni eminingi yayibonga ngempela kuDkt. Freeman ngokusiza izihlobo zabo, naphezu 10:19.063 --> 10:23.712 kwemiphumela emikhulu yokubhujiswa eyadala ngenxa yokuhlinzwa. 10:23.712 --> 10:29.465 Ngesikhathi esedlule njengamanje, lokhu kukhombisa izinga elithile lokuzikhohlisa, noma njengoba abacwaningi baseNetherlands 10:29.465 --> 10:33.248 besaba, "injabulo egugulekile ngenxa yokucabanga okunqwenelayo". 10:33.248 --> 10:38.460 Imindeni evumile ukwenza i-lobotomy kumuntu abamthandayo ngokwemvelo inokugqugquzela 10:38.460 --> 10:42.556 ukubambelela ekukholweni ukuthi bekuyisinqumo esifanele. 10:42.556 --> 10:48.636 Ngokwenza kanjalo, izimpawu ezicacile zokuthi lokhu kwakungekho kanjalo ziyahoywa ngenhloso. 10:48.636 --> 10:52.795 Inqwaba yentsha noma abazali babo, kanye nabantu abadala abathintekile, bangase 10:52.795 --> 10:56.256 babhekane namhlanje nokulwa okufanayo ngaphakathi. 10:56.256 --> 11:02.859 Bonke ubufakazi obutholakalayo ngaphambi kokuthi "ukuduma kobulili" kube nezepolitiki kakhulu kubonisa ukuthi 11:02.859 --> 11:07.236 iningi labancane liyavumelana nobulili bayo ngemva kokuvuthwa. 11:07.236 --> 11:13.416 Ngeshwa, nokho, ukuthuthuka kwemvelo kwentsha kusekelwe esisekelweni somphakathi esonakele. 11:13.416 --> 11:19.786 Ngoba ukufuna ngokuphelele kwemvelo kobunikazi bomuntu siqu, okuhambisana nokunganeliseki nokungabaza, 11:19.786 --> 11:24.136 kubekwa ngenhloso ngaphansi kwegunya lokuhumusha lobulili. 11:24.136 --> 11:28.047 Izingane zesikhathi sethu ziyangenelwa. Kusukela esikoleni sabantwana abancane kuqhubeke, 11:28.047 --> 11:30.473 ziyakhuthazwa ukuthi zibuze ngobulili bazo. 11:30.473 --> 11:36.306 Ezifundweni zesikole, inqubo yemvelo ngokuphelele yokukhula kobusha ihunyushwa ngenhloso. Okusho ukuthi 11:36.306 --> 11:42.236 umuntu angase azalwe emzimbeni ongafanele futhi ukukhetha ubulili obuhlukile akuyona inkinga. 11:42.236 --> 11:46.216 Lokhu kudlala kahle ezandleni ze-ideyoloji yobulili ne-WPATH. 11:46.216 --> 11:51.022 Ukuqhekeka nokubhujiswa kwemindeni kuvame ukubangela ubuhlungu obengeziwe. 11:51.022 --> 11:56.640 Esikhundleni sokulinda ngokubekezela nangokuthula ukuthi isizukulwane esisha sifinyelele ekupheleni kokukhula kwaso, 11:56.640 --> 12:01.827 amalungu e-WPATH ngokunganaki akhuthaza ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa njengendlela yokwelapha eyodwa kuphela, ngisho 12:01.827 --> 12:06.673 nasezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka yobudala nasemakhulwini abanezinkinga zengqondo ezinzima. 12:06.673 --> 12:12.326 Kunjengalokhu uFreeman nabalingani bakhe ababekusho ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi i-lobotomy yayiyithemba 12:12.326 --> 12:16.023 kuphela kwabampofu, abangajabule ezikhungweni zengqondo. 12:16.023 --> 12:20.596 Ngesikhathi esedlule nangamanje: ukulimala okungalungiseki! 12:20.596 --> 12:27.235 Isiphetho Ngemva kokushona komguli wakhe wokugcina ngenxa yokopha kobuchopho ngo-1967, uWalter Freeman, owayehlelwe 12:27.235 --> 12:31.030 yidumazeko, wakhanselwa ilayisensi yakhe yesibhedlela. 12:31.030 --> 12:38.666 Wachitha izinsuku zakhe ezisele ehamba e-United States, elandela iziguli zakhe nemindeni yazo, efuna ubufakazi 12:38.666 --> 12:43.163 bokuthi inqubo ayeyithanda yayibasiza kunokuba ibalimaze. 12:43.163 --> 12:46.886 UFreeman wazibona njengomsindisi wabantu abagulayo kakhulu ngokwengqondo futhi 12:46.886 --> 12:49.850 wayekholelwa ukuthi unika ithemba kulabo abangenalo. 12:49.850 --> 12:55.253 Esikhathini sakhe sokuphumelela emsebenzini wakhe, wayengeke acabange ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakhe okumangalisayo kwesinye 12:55.253 --> 12:58.543 isikhathi kuzogxekwa futhi kubhekwe njengobudlova obukhulu. 12:58.543 --> 13:02.209 Kuyafana naku-WPATH namalungu ayo. 13:02.209 --> 13:08.168 Egqugquzelwe umqondo wokuba amaqhawe amalungelo abantu alwa nabacindezelwe, bazibona njengabaholi abaqala 13:08.168 --> 13:14.510 emkhakheni wezokwelapha, behlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okudingekayo ezigulini ezidinga usizo. 13:14.510 --> 13:21.655 Nokho, sikholelwa ukuthi ukubhujiswa ngokuhlinzwa kwezitho zangasese eziphilile kuzobhalwa emlandweni njengobugebengu 13:21.655 --> 13:28.250 obulingana noma obukhulu kakhulu kunelobotomy. Futhi ababulali abafanele baphunyuke ekujezisweni okufanele!