1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,423 2 00:00:00,423 --> 00:00:05,142 Nonke nina abanabantwana okanye abazukulwana abaneminyaka yokuya esikolweni niyayazi le nto: 3 00:00:05,142 --> 00:00:12,033 Izifundo zisoloko zirhoxiswa, abantwana babuya ekhaya besuka esikolweni kwangethuba okanye bafumana izifundo ezithatha indawo. 4 00:00:12,033 --> 00:00:16,078 Isizathu soku kukunqongophala okukhulu kootitshala kwilizwe lonke. 5 00:00:16,078 --> 00:00:20,579 Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana abaninzi bafumana ulwalathiso oluncinci kakhulu ukuze bakwazi 6 00:00:20,579 --> 00:00:23,406 ukuyiqonda kakuhle ikharityhulam ejongelweyo. 7 00:00:23,406 --> 00:00:28,950 Kulo mxholo, le ngqonyela yephephandaba ilandelayo evela kwi-Frankfurter Rundschau 8 00:00:28,950 --> 00:00:32,473 ngomhla we-13 kuNovemba 2024 iyaphawuleka: 9 00:00:32,473 --> 00:00:37,488 Izifundo zokugonya ngoku ziyafundiswa kwizikolo zaseHessian! 10 00:00:37,488 --> 00:00:42,880 Le asiyiyo isifundo esiqhelekileyo sebhayoloji malunga nezitofu zokugonya esiziqhelileyo. 11 00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:49,665 Endaweni yoko, imalunga nezixhobo zokufundisa ezithe vetshe ezongezelelweyo eziqulunqwe ngurhulumente welizwe 12 00:00:49,665 --> 00:00:54,075 kumxholo wezifo ezosulelayo kunye nokhuseleko lwenkento. 13 00:00:54,075 --> 00:01:00,119 Oku kufanele kuncede abantu abatsha ukuba benze esabo isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nokugonywa. 14 00:01:00,119 --> 00:01:04,487 UMphathiswa wezeMpilo uDiana Stolz uyacacisa: 15 00:01:04,487 --> 00:01:11,206 Ootitshala banobudlelwane obukhethekileyo bokuthembana nabantwana kunye nabantu abatsha, kwaye ngenxa yeminyaka yabo emininzi yamava 16 00:01:11,206 --> 00:01:17,151 nezakhono zokufundisa, bayakwazi ukudlulisela nezifundo ezinzima ngendlela ekulula ukuyiqonda nekufanelekileyo kubudala babo. 17 00:01:17,151 --> 00:01:23,370 Ngamafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kufuneka bachithe ixesha elongezelelweyo belungiselela kwaye 18 00:01:23,370 --> 00:01:30,993 befundisa, kwaye basebenzise ulwalamano lwabo olukhethekileyo lokuthembana nabafundi ukubakhuthaza ukuba bagonywe. 19 00:01:30,993 --> 00:01:37,390 Ingaba isigqibo esicingisisiweyo, njengoko kucatshulwe ngasentla, singenziwa njani phantsi kwezi meko? 20 00:01:37,390 --> 00:01:42,966 Abafundi baboniswa kuphela ngeziphumo ezithi zibe nzulu ezitofotofo zokugonya. 21 00:01:42,966 --> 00:01:48,290 Noko ke, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isigqibo esicingisisiweyo sinokwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba 22 00:01:48,290 --> 00:01:52,573 kucutshungulwe ngononophelo iingenelo nezingeloncedo zomcimbi. 23 00:01:52,573 --> 00:01:56,173 Kutheni la macala alandelayo engajongwanga? 24 00:01:56,173 --> 00:02:01,760 Siqala ngokhuseleko oluphezulu lwezitofu zokugonya oludunyiswayo kakhulu nolukhankanywa kakhulu. 25 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:07,721 Ingcali yezitofu zokugonya ebaluleke kakhulu eUnited States, uGqr Stanley Plotkin, kunye nabafundi bakhe, kutshanje bavumile 26 00:02:07,721 --> 00:02:14,083 ukuba izitofu zokugonya – njengoko abagxeki bezitofu zokugonya bebesoloko besitsho – azikaphononongwa ngokwaneleyo. 27 00:02:14,083 --> 00:02:21,157 Emva kwamashumi eminyaka bebethi ukhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya luphandwe ngokucokisekileyo 28 00:02:21,157 --> 00:02:25,713 nangokunzulu, iPlotkin School ngoku iyavuma: akunjalo! 29 00:02:25,713 --> 00:02:30,696 "Uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya azivavanywanga ngokwaneleyo, nokuba ngaphambi okanye emva 30 00:02:30,696 --> 00:02:34,473 kokuba zivunyiwe," batsho uPlotkin nabafundi bakhe. 31 00:02:34,473 --> 00:02:42,124 Oku kuxelwe kwinqaku elinesihloko esithi "Funding of post-licence vaccine safety science" 32 00:02:42,124 --> 00:02:47,433 elipapashwe kwi-New England Journal of Medicine. 33 00:02:47,433 --> 00:02:54,109 Ibhlog yenzululwazi nezopolitiko 'tkp' iyicacisa le nto ngokweenkcukacha kwinqaku. 34 00:02:54,109 --> 00:03:00,751 Ubhala uthi: Isikolo sikaPlotkin sivumile "ukuba izitofu zokugonya azivavanywa ngokufanelekileyo – 35 00:03:00,751 --> 00:03:04,666 nokuba kungaphambi okanye emva kokuba zivunyiwe." 36 00:03:04,666 --> 00:03:13,657 Umzekelo, baye bavuma ukuba iimvavanyo zekliniki phambi kokuba kuvunywe zinezantya ezilinganiselweyo nexesha lokulandelela, 37 00:03:13,657 --> 00:03:19,199 kwaye akukho mali ibekelwe izifundo zokhuseleko emva kokuvunywa. 38 00:03:19,199 --> 00:03:24,893 Ngesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka nokufumanisa ukuba zikhona na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kokugonywa. 39 00:03:24,893 --> 00:03:31,486 Oku kuthetha ukuba uluntu luyaxelelwa ukuba zimbalwa okanye azikho kwaphela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonywa. 40 00:03:31,486 --> 00:03:38,244 Noko ke, inyaniso yahluke kakhulu, xa sithatha umthomo wokugonya i-HPV ochasene nomhlaza wentsini, 41 00:03:38,244 --> 00:03:43,430 okhuthazwa kakhulu kulutsha, kwaye kutshanje, nasezikolweni. 42 00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:52,266 Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ukugonya kubangela iziphumo ezibi ezinzima ezifana nezifo ze-autoimmune. 43 00:03:52,266 --> 00:03:57,815 Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba kuphando olwenziwe yiMerck basweleka izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 44 00:03:57,815 --> 00:04:04,055 ngaphezu kwesilinganiselo esiqhelekileyo solu luhlu lweminyaka ubudala, ngokwezinga lokusweleka. 45 00:04:04,055 --> 00:04:11,236 Ukongeza, amatyala omhlaza wentsini ayethe ndawo kunokuba anciphe emva kokuqaliswa kwentlawulo. 46 00:04:11,236 --> 00:04:17,564 Ngaphezu koko, izifundo ezongezelelweyo zibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba zininzi nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga 47 00:04:17,564 --> 00:04:21,055 ezinxulumene nezinye izitofu zokugonya kananjalo. 48 00:04:21,055 --> 00:04:29,930 Oku kubandakanya isifo sokufa ngequbuliso seentsana, ukuphazamiseka kokukhula kwemithambo-luvo, iialergi, izifo 49 00:04:29,930 --> 00:04:34,933 zokuzikhusela komzimba, ukwanda kokusilela kokosuleleka, njl. 50 00:04:34,933 --> 00:04:42,559 Ungafumana iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo ngalo mbandela kwiinkqubo zeKla.TV ezidweliswe kwiikredithi. 51 00:04:42,559 --> 00:04:49,510 Kwintetho yakhe ethi "Zisebenza kangakanani iinjongo zokugonya?", uAndreas Diemer, ugqirha jikelele kwaye engunjingalwazi wefiziksi 52 00:04:49,510 --> 00:04:57,113 oqeqeshiweyo, uchaza ngendlela wonke umntu anokuqonda ngayo ukuba zimalunga nantoni na izifundo zokhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya. 53 00:04:57,113 --> 00:05:01,320 Amanqaku abaluleke kakhulu afingqiwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi. 54 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:04,806 - Akukho zifundo malunga nokhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya. 55 00:05:04,806 --> 00:05:08,617 - Akukho zifundo zokwenyani ze-placebo ezenziwayo. 56 00:05:08,617 --> 00:05:13,889 - Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ziqela zokuthelekisa ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngaba zikhona na iimpawu ezingalindelekanga, 57 00:05:13,889 --> 00:05:16,886 kwaye zeziphi, kubantu abagonyiweyo nabangagonywanga. 58 00:05:16,886 --> 00:05:21,792 - Azikho izifundo ezichanekileyo ngokwenzululwazi malunga nokusebenza kwezitofu zokugonya. 59 00:05:21,792 --> 00:05:26,740 Izifundo ezenziweyo zonke zenziwe ngumvelisi ngokwakhe. 60 00:05:26,740 --> 00:05:31,682 Oku ngokwendalo kukhokelela ekubeni izifundo ziqhutyelwe kwicala elithile. 61 00:05:31,682 --> 00:05:36,456 Umvelisi ngokuyintloko ufuna imveliso yakhe ithengiswe kwaye ulungiselela uphando novavanyo 62 00:05:36,456 --> 00:05:40,593 ngokuhambelana naloo nto ukuze afumane isiphumo asifunayo. 63 00:05:40,593 --> 00:05:48,171 - Umzekelo, abathathi-nxaxheba kuphando bahlala bengamadoda aselula aphilileyo angamele lonke uluntu. 64 00:05:48,171 --> 00:05:52,121 - Ukongeza, kudla ngokubakho abantu abambalwa kakhulu abavavanywayo kwaye ixesha lophando 65 00:05:52,121 --> 00:05:57,620 limfutshane kakhulu ukuze kufunyanwe umfanekiso ochanekileyo weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo. 66 00:05:57,620 --> 00:06:01,615 - Akukaphandwa nokuba abantu abagonyiweyo bagula ngokunqabileyo okanye ngokunganzima, 67 00:06:01,615 --> 00:06:04,566 okanye bafa ngokunqabileyo kunabo bangagonywanga. 68 00:06:04,566 --> 00:06:08,491 - Ngumcimbi nje wokulinganisa izinga le-antibody egazini. 69 00:06:08,491 --> 00:06:12,447 Eli lixabiso elibekwe ngokungakhethiyo. 70 00:06:12,447 --> 00:06:17,259 Xa olu xabiso lulinganiswa egazini, kuthiwa isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kakuhle. 71 00:06:17,259 --> 00:06:21,338 - Akukho kwakhona iikomiti okanye abasemagunyeni abazimeleyo abavavanya iziphumo. 72 00:06:21,338 --> 00:06:28,072 I-Paul Ehrlich Institute kunye ne-RKI, ezinoxanduva lokuvavanya ezi ziphumo zophononongo, ziyasilela kulo mmandla. 73 00:06:28,072 --> 00:06:31,340 Baphenjelelwa kwaye baxhaswa ngemali ngokuyinxenye ngabavelisi. 74 00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:37,430 I-STIKO ikwanolwalamano olusondeleyo neshishini. Amalungu ali-17 e-STIKO asebenza kwishishini lwezitofu zokugonya. 75 00:06:37,430 --> 00:06:41,814 Oko kungathi ngathi uvumela umntu osandul' ukuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuba abeke amanqaku kwiimviwo 76 00:06:41,814 --> 00:06:45,124 zakhe zokugqibela. Isiphumo asiyi kuba singathathi cala. 77 00:06:45,124 --> 00:06:52,093 Ingxelo ethi: "Ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi begonyiwe, izifo ekuthethwa ngazo ziyancipha" ayiyonyani. 78 00:06:52,093 --> 00:06:59,469 Naphambi kokuba kungeniswe ezinye izitofu zokugonya kubo bonke abantu, inani lamatyala esifo lalisele liyancipha. 79 00:06:59,469 --> 00:07:04,454 Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ziimeko zokuphila eziphuculweyo ezifana nococeko nesondlo. 80 00:07:04,454 --> 00:07:08,083 Kukwakho nezifundo ezibonisa okwahlukileyo. 81 00:07:08,083 --> 00:07:14,360 Kwezinye iimeko zokuqhambuka kwezifo ekuthiwa zizibhubhane, uninzi lwabo bachaphazelekileyo bebesegonyiwe. 82 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:19,126 Akukho nanye kwezi nkalo ixoxwe ngayo kwizixhobo zokufundisa. 83 00:07:19,126 --> 00:07:27,199 Endaweni yokufumana imfundo ebanzi nelungeleleneyo, abafundi banikwa ulwazi olukhe lwehlakani nolucutshungulwe kwangaphambili. 84 00:07:27,199 --> 00:07:34,377 Nantoni na engangqinelani nentshayelelo eyamkelweyo, kule meko "yentshayelelo yokugonya", iyasuswa nje. 85 00:07:34,377 --> 00:07:42,666 Kwakhona, kuyacaca ukuba abantwana bethu bafikelelwa kakhulu kuphenjelelo lweengcinga ezithile esikolweni. 86 00:07:42,666 --> 00:07:49,980 Yintoni emva kweli phulo likhulu lokugonya, elinyanzeliswayo nangona kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kootitshala ezikolweni? 87 00:07:49,980 --> 00:07:54,227 Ukulungela ukugonywa ngokubanzi kuyehla phakathi kwabantu. 88 00:07:54,227 --> 00:07:58,603 Ngaba oku ngoku kufanele kuphinde kufunyanwe ngabantu abatsha? 89 00:07:58,603 --> 00:08:03,626 Ukugonya kukwayishishini leebhiliyoni zeeponti kwishishini lamachiza. 90 00:08:03,626 --> 00:08:08,544 Ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bephatha izitofu zokugonya, nabo bayinxalenye yeshishini eli. 91 00:08:08,544 --> 00:08:18,108 UGqr Paul Thomas, ugqirha wabantwana oqeqeshwe eDartmouth, uxoxe ngale ngxaki ngomhla we-16 kuTshazimpuzi 2024 kudliwanondlebe 92 00:08:18,108 --> 00:08:28,085 noPolly Tommey, njengenxalenye yohambo lwebhasi lweChildren's Health Defense olubizwa 'Vax-Unvax: The People's Study'. 93 00:08:28,085 --> 00:08:36,706 Ucacisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela oogqirha bezingane ekufuneka basebenze ngayo ukuze – ngokoqobo – "bahlale besebenza". 94 00:08:36,706 --> 00:08:41,335 Iinkqubo zonyango lwabantwana zixhomekeke kakhulu kwizitofu zokugonya. 95 00:08:41,335 --> 00:08:46,313 Ukuba ugqirha akakwenzi oko, ulahlekelwa yinxalenye enkulu yengeniso yakhe. 96 00:08:46,313 --> 00:08:50,478 Ugqirha wenza imali kwisitofu ngasinye esifakwayo. 97 00:08:50,478 --> 00:08:55,754 Nanku umzekelo omfutshane osuka kwisebenza kaGqirha Thomas. 98 00:08:55,754 --> 00:09:05,550 "Masithi, ngexesha lotyelelo lweenyanga ezimbini, usana olusempilweni lufumana ugonyo lwe-DPT – la ngamagonyo amathathu, 99 00:09:05,550 --> 00:09:12,815 ii-antigens ezintathu," watsho ecacisa, wongeza ngelithi "i-HiB , pneumococcus, hepatitis 100 00:09:12,815 --> 00:09:17,789 B, ipoliyo, rotavirus – oko malunga ne-£200." 101 00:09:17,789 --> 00:09:23,386 Ukongeza, kukho iibhonasi zomgangatho ezinxulumene namanani okugonya. 102 00:09:23,386 --> 00:09:31,182 Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zinika oogqirha bezingane iintlawulo zebhonasi ukuba bafikelela kumanqanaba athile okugonya. 103 00:09:31,182 --> 00:09:39,502 Oku kudla ngokuba malunga nama-80% ezigulana ezigonywe ngokupheleleyo zifikelela kwiminyaka emibini ubudala. 104 00:09:39,502 --> 00:09:47,679 UThomas wenza ingxelo ecacileyo ngale nto: "Oku kuthetha ukuba i-paediatric practice ayinakusinda ukuba 105 00:09:47,679 --> 00:09:53,166 ayenzi uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya, ukuba asizizo zonke." 106 00:09:53,166 --> 00:10:00,750 Kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko kuchaza ukuba kutheni oogqirha bengafuni kujongana nenyani 107 00:10:00,750 --> 00:10:06,440 yokuba le mijovo yovallo yenza umonakalo omkhulu. 108 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:14,161 Isazi-mlando sezonyango nombhali uGqr. Gerd Reuther unazo iinkcazelo ezithe vetshe malunga nokuba kutheni izitofu zokugonya 109 00:10:14,161 --> 00:10:18,667 zikhuthazwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngakumbi nangakumbi. 110 00:10:18,667 --> 00:10:23,158 Sicaphula kudliwano-ndlebe ne-Report 24: 111 00:10:23,158 --> 00:10:29,036 Ngaphandle kwako konke, iimfuno zenzuzo ziyasilela xa sijonga le ajenda, nto leyo 112 00:10:29,036 --> 00:10:33,583 ekhokelele kuvela kwezifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo. 113 00:10:33,583 --> 00:10:41,045 Ngokuhlalutya okubukhali nobunzulu besayensi, utyhila unxulumano olwanda kude ngaphaya kwengxoxo 114 00:10:41,045 --> 00:10:45,243 yezonyango. Bukela udliwano-ndlebe olupheleleyo apha.