WEBVTT

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Nonke nina abanabantwana okanye abazukulwana
abaneminyaka yokuya esikolweni niyayazi le nto:

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Izifundo zisoloko zirhoxiswa, abantwana babuya ekhaya besuka
esikolweni kwangethuba okanye bafumana izifundo ezithatha indawo.

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Isizathu soku kukunqongophala
okukhulu kootitshala kwilizwe lonke.

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Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana abaninzi
bafumana ulwalathiso oluncinci kakhulu ukuze bakwazi

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ukuyiqonda kakuhle ikharityhulam ejongelweyo.

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Kulo mxholo, le ngqonyela yephephandaba
ilandelayo evela kwi-Frankfurter Rundschau

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ngomhla we-13 kuNovemba 2024 iyaphawuleka:

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Izifundo zokugonya ngoku ziyafundiswa kwizikolo zaseHessian!

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Le asiyiyo isifundo esiqhelekileyo
sebhayoloji malunga nezitofu zokugonya esiziqhelileyo.

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Endaweni yoko, imalunga nezixhobo zokufundisa ezithe
vetshe ezongezelelweyo eziqulunqwe ngurhulumente welizwe

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kumxholo wezifo ezosulelayo kunye nokhuseleko lwenkento.

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Oku kufanele kuncede abantu abatsha ukuba benze
esabo isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nokugonywa.

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UMphathiswa wezeMpilo uDiana Stolz uyacacisa:

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Ootitshala banobudlelwane obukhethekileyo bokuthembana nabantwana
kunye nabantu abatsha, kwaye ngenxa yeminyaka yabo emininzi yamava

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nezakhono zokufundisa, bayakwazi ukudlulisela nezifundo ezinzima
ngendlela ekulula ukuyiqonda nekufanelekileyo kubudala babo.

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Ngamafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kufuneka bachithe
ixesha elongezelelweyo belungiselela kwaye

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befundisa, kwaye basebenzise ulwalamano lwabo olukhethekileyo
lokuthembana nabafundi ukubakhuthaza ukuba bagonywe.

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Ingaba isigqibo esicingisisiweyo, njengoko
kucatshulwe ngasentla, singenziwa njani phantsi kwezi meko?

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Abafundi baboniswa kuphela ngeziphumo
ezithi zibe nzulu ezitofotofo zokugonya.

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Noko ke, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isigqibo
esicingisisiweyo sinokwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba

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kucutshungulwe ngononophelo iingenelo nezingeloncedo zomcimbi.

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Kutheni la macala alandelayo engajongwanga?

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Siqala ngokhuseleko oluphezulu lwezitofu
zokugonya oludunyiswayo kakhulu nolukhankanywa kakhulu.

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Ingcali yezitofu zokugonya ebaluleke kakhulu eUnited States, uGqr
Stanley Plotkin, kunye nabafundi bakhe, kutshanje bavumile

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ukuba izitofu zokugonya – njengoko abagxeki bezitofu
zokugonya bebesoloko besitsho – azikaphononongwa ngokwaneleyo.

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Emva kwamashumi eminyaka bebethi ukhuseleko
lwezitofu zokugonya luphandwe ngokucokisekileyo

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nangokunzulu, iPlotkin School ngoku iyavuma: akunjalo!

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"Uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya azivavanywanga
ngokwaneleyo, nokuba ngaphambi okanye emva

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kokuba zivunyiwe," batsho uPlotkin nabafundi bakhe.

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Oku kuxelwe kwinqaku elinesihloko esithi
"Funding of post-licence vaccine safety science"

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elipapashwe kwi-New England Journal of Medicine.

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Ibhlog yenzululwazi nezopolitiko 'tkp'
iyicacisa le nto ngokweenkcukacha kwinqaku.

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Ubhala uthi: Isikolo sikaPlotkin sivumile "ukuba
izitofu zokugonya azivavanywa ngokufanelekileyo –

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nokuba kungaphambi okanye emva kokuba zivunyiwe."

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Umzekelo, baye bavuma ukuba iimvavanyo zekliniki phambi kokuba
kuvunywe zinezantya ezilinganiselweyo nexesha lokulandelela,

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kwaye akukho mali ibekelwe izifundo zokhuseleko emva kokuvunywa.

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Ngesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka nokufumanisa ukuba
zikhona na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kokugonywa.

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Oku kuthetha ukuba uluntu luyaxelelwa ukuba zimbalwa okanye
azikho kwaphela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonywa.

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Noko ke, inyaniso yahluke kakhulu, xa sithatha
umthomo wokugonya i-HPV ochasene nomhlaza wentsini,

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okhuthazwa kakhulu kulutsha, kwaye kutshanje, nasezikolweni.

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Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ukugonya
kubangela iziphumo ezibi ezinzima ezifana nezifo ze-autoimmune.

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Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba kuphando olwenziwe yiMerck
basweleka izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5

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ngaphezu kwesilinganiselo esiqhelekileyo solu
luhlu lweminyaka ubudala, ngokwezinga lokusweleka.

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Ukongeza, amatyala omhlaza wentsini ayethe ndawo
kunokuba anciphe emva kokuqaliswa kwentlawulo.

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Ngaphezu koko, izifundo ezongezelelweyo zibonise ngokucacileyo
ukuba zininzi nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

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ezinxulumene nezinye izitofu zokugonya kananjalo.

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Oku kubandakanya isifo sokufa ngequbuliso seentsana,
ukuphazamiseka kokukhula kwemithambo-luvo, iialergi, izifo

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zokuzikhusela komzimba, ukwanda kokusilela kokosuleleka, njl.

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Ungafumana iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo ngalo
mbandela kwiinkqubo zeKla.TV ezidweliswe kwiikredithi.

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Kwintetho yakhe ethi "Zisebenza kangakanani iinjongo zokugonya?",
uAndreas Diemer, ugqirha jikelele kwaye engunjingalwazi wefiziksi

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oqeqeshiweyo, uchaza ngendlela wonke umntu anokuqonda ngayo ukuba
zimalunga nantoni na izifundo zokhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya.

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Amanqaku abaluleke kakhulu
afingqiwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi.

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- Akukho zifundo malunga nokhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya.

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- Akukho zifundo zokwenyani ze-placebo ezenziwayo.

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- Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ziqela zokuthelekisa ezibonisa
ngokucacileyo ukuba ngaba zikhona na iimpawu ezingalindelekanga,

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kwaye zeziphi, kubantu abagonyiweyo nabangagonywanga.

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- Azikho izifundo ezichanekileyo
ngokwenzululwazi malunga nokusebenza kwezitofu zokugonya.

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Izifundo ezenziweyo zonke zenziwe ngumvelisi ngokwakhe.

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Oku ngokwendalo kukhokelela ekubeni
izifundo ziqhutyelwe kwicala elithile.

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Umvelisi ngokuyintloko ufuna imveliso yakhe
ithengiswe kwaye ulungiselela uphando novavanyo

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ngokuhambelana naloo nto ukuze afumane isiphumo asifunayo.

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- Umzekelo, abathathi-nxaxheba kuphando bahlala
bengamadoda aselula aphilileyo angamele lonke uluntu.

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- Ukongeza, kudla ngokubakho abantu abambalwa kakhulu
abavavanywayo kwaye ixesha lophando

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limfutshane kakhulu ukuze kufunyanwe umfanekiso
ochanekileyo weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo.

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- Akukaphandwa nokuba abantu abagonyiweyo
bagula ngokunqabileyo okanye ngokunganzima,

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okanye bafa ngokunqabileyo kunabo bangagonywanga.

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- Ngumcimbi nje wokulinganisa izinga le-antibody egazini.

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Eli lixabiso elibekwe ngokungakhethiyo.

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Xa olu xabiso lulinganiswa egazini,
kuthiwa isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kakuhle.

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- Akukho kwakhona iikomiti okanye
abasemagunyeni abazimeleyo abavavanya iziphumo.

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I-Paul Ehrlich Institute kunye ne-RKI, ezinoxanduva
lokuvavanya ezi ziphumo zophononongo, ziyasilela kulo mmandla.

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Baphenjelelwa kwaye baxhaswa ngemali ngokuyinxenye ngabavelisi.

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I-STIKO ikwanolwalamano olusondeleyo neshishini. Amalungu
ali-17 e-STIKO asebenza kwishishini lwezitofu zokugonya.

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Oko kungathi ngathi uvumela umntu osandul' ukuphumelela
kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuba abeke amanqaku kwiimviwo

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zakhe zokugqibela. Isiphumo asiyi kuba singathathi cala.

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Ingxelo ethi: "Ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi
begonyiwe, izifo ekuthethwa ngazo ziyancipha" ayiyonyani.

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Naphambi kokuba kungeniswe ezinye izitofu zokugonya kubo
bonke abantu, inani lamatyala esifo lalisele liyancipha.

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Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ziimeko zokuphila
eziphuculweyo ezifana nococeko nesondlo.

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Kukwakho nezifundo ezibonisa okwahlukileyo.

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Kwezinye iimeko zokuqhambuka kwezifo ekuthiwa
zizibhubhane, uninzi lwabo bachaphazelekileyo bebesegonyiwe.

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Akukho nanye kwezi nkalo ixoxwe ngayo kwizixhobo zokufundisa.

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Endaweni yokufumana imfundo ebanzi nelungeleleneyo, abafundi
banikwa ulwazi olukhe lwehlakani nolucutshungulwe kwangaphambili.

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Nantoni na engangqinelani nentshayelelo eyamkelweyo,
kule meko "yentshayelelo yokugonya", iyasuswa nje.

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Kwakhona, kuyacaca ukuba abantwana bethu bafikelelwa
kakhulu kuphenjelelo lweengcinga ezithile esikolweni.

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Yintoni emva kweli phulo likhulu lokugonya, elinyanzeliswayo
nangona kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kootitshala ezikolweni?

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Ukulungela ukugonywa ngokubanzi kuyehla phakathi kwabantu.

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Ngaba oku ngoku kufanele kuphinde kufunyanwe ngabantu abatsha?

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Ukugonya kukwayishishini
leebhiliyoni zeeponti kwishishini lamachiza.

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Ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bephatha izitofu
zokugonya, nabo bayinxalenye yeshishini eli.

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UGqr Paul Thomas, ugqirha wabantwana oqeqeshwe eDartmouth, uxoxe
ngale ngxaki ngomhla we-16 kuTshazimpuzi 2024 kudliwanondlebe

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noPolly Tommey, njengenxalenye yohambo lwebhasi lweChildren's
Health Defense olubizwa 'Vax-Unvax: The People's Study'.

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Ucacisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela oogqirha bezingane ekufuneka
basebenze ngayo ukuze – ngokoqobo – "bahlale besebenza".

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Iinkqubo zonyango lwabantwana
zixhomekeke kakhulu kwizitofu zokugonya.

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Ukuba ugqirha akakwenzi oko,
ulahlekelwa yinxalenye enkulu yengeniso yakhe.

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Ugqirha wenza imali kwisitofu ngasinye esifakwayo.

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Nanku umzekelo omfutshane osuka kwisebenza kaGqirha Thomas.

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"Masithi, ngexesha lotyelelo lweenyanga ezimbini, usana
olusempilweni lufumana ugonyo lwe-DPT – la ngamagonyo amathathu,

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ii-antigens ezintathu," watsho ecacisa,
wongeza ngelithi "i-HiB , pneumococcus, hepatitis

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B, ipoliyo, rotavirus – oko malunga ne-£200."

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Ukongeza, kukho iibhonasi
zomgangatho ezinxulumene namanani okugonya.

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Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zinika oogqirha bezingane iintlawulo
zebhonasi ukuba bafikelela kumanqanaba athile okugonya.

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Oku kudla ngokuba malunga nama-80% ezigulana ezigonywe
ngokupheleleyo zifikelela kwiminyaka emibini ubudala.

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UThomas wenza ingxelo ecacileyo ngale nto: "Oku
kuthetha ukuba i-paediatric practice ayinakusinda ukuba

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ayenzi uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya, ukuba asizizo zonke."

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Kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko kuchaza ukuba
kutheni oogqirha bengafuni kujongana nenyani

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yokuba le mijovo yovallo yenza umonakalo omkhulu.

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Isazi-mlando sezonyango nombhali uGqr. Gerd Reuther unazo
iinkcazelo ezithe vetshe malunga nokuba kutheni izitofu zokugonya

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zikhuthazwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngakumbi nangakumbi.

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Sicaphula kudliwano-ndlebe ne-Report 24:

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Ngaphandle kwako konke, iimfuno zenzuzo
ziyasilela xa sijonga le ajenda, nto leyo

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ekhokelele kuvela kwezifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo.

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Ngokuhlalutya okubukhali nobunzulu besayensi,
utyhila unxulumano olwanda kude ngaphaya kwengxoxo

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yezonyango. Bukela udliwano-ndlebe olupheleleyo apha.