1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,423 2 00:00:00,423 --> 00:00:05,142 Nonke enabantwana noma abazukulwane abaneminyaka yokuya esikoleni niyakwazi lokhu: 3 00:00:05,142 --> 00:00:12,033 Izifundo ziyakhanselwa njalo, izingane zibuya ekhaya zisuka esikoleni kusenesikhathi noma zithola izifundo ezibuyiselayo. 4 00:00:12,033 --> 00:00:16,078 Isizathu salokhu ukuntuleka okukhulu kwabathisha ezweni lonke. 5 00:00:16,078 --> 00:00:20,276 Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi zithola imfundo encane kakhulu ukuze zikwazi 6 00:00:20,276 --> 00:00:23,406 ukufinyelela kahle ohlelweni lwezifundo oluhlosiwe. 7 00:00:23,406 --> 00:00:32,473 Kulesi simo, isihloko sephhephandaba esilandelayo esivela ku-Frankfurter Rundschau ngomhlaka 13 Novemba 2024 siyaphawuleka: 8 00:00:32,473 --> 00:00:37,488 Izifundo zokugoma manje sezifundiswa ezikoleni eHesse! 9 00:00:37,488 --> 00:00:42,880 Lokhu akuyona ifundo ejwayelekile yebhayoloji mayelana nokugoma esijwayele ukuyifunda. 10 00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:49,648 Kunalokho, kuhlobene nezinto zokufundisa ezengeziwe ezinemininingwane eziqoqwe nguhulumeni wesifundazwe mayelana 11 00:00:49,648 --> 00:00:54,075 nezifo ezithathelana kanye nokuvikelwa ngemijovo yokugoma. 12 00:00:54,075 --> 00:01:00,119 Lokhu kufanele kusize abantu abasha benze isinqumo sabo esinolwazi mayelana nokugoma. 13 00:01:00,119 --> 00:01:04,487 uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uDiana Stolz uchaza: 14 00:01:04,487 --> 00:01:09,943 Othisha banobudlelwano obukhethekile bokwethembana nezingane nabantu abasha, futhi ngenxa yeminyaka yabo eminingi 15 00:01:09,943 --> 00:01:14,820 yokuhlangenwe nakho namakhono abo okufundisa, bayakwazi ukudlulisa ngisho nezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi 16 00:01:14,820 --> 00:01:17,151 ngendlela eqondakala kalula futhi efanele iminyaka yabo. 17 00:01:17,151 --> 00:01:23,815 Ngokufingqa, lokhu kusho ukuthi othisha kufanele batshale isikhathi esengeziwe sokulungiselela nokufundisa futhi 18 00:01:23,815 --> 00:01:30,993 basebenzise ubudlelwano babo obukhethekile bokwethembana nabafundi ukuze babakhuthaze ukuthi bazigonyelwe. 19 00:01:30,993 --> 00:01:37,390 Kungaba kanjani ukuthi "isinqumo esiqapheleka" njengoba kushiwo ngenhla senziwe ngaphansi kwalezi zimo? 20 00:01:37,390 --> 00:01:42,966 Abafundi baboniswa kuphela imiphumela ekholelwa ukuthi imihle yokugoma. 21 00:01:42,966 --> 00:01:48,359 Nokho, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isinqumo esiqapheleka singathathwa kuphela ngemva 22 00:01:48,359 --> 00:01:52,573 kokuhlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezinselelo zendaba. 23 00:01:52,573 --> 00:01:56,173 Kungani lezi zici ezilandelayo zingaxoxwa ngazo? 24 00:01:56,173 --> 00:02:01,760 Siqala ngokuphepha okuphezulu kwamavaksini okudunyiswayo kakhulu nokucashunwa kakhulu. 25 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:07,689 Isazi sezitofu zokugoma esibaluleke kakhulu e-United States, uDkt Stanley Plotkin, kanye nabafundi bakhe muva nje bavumile ukuthi 26 00:02:07,689 --> 00:02:14,083 izitofu zokugoma – njengoba abagxeki bezitofu zokugoma sebevele bekusho isikhathi eside – azikaze zicwaningwe ngokwanele. 27 00:02:14,083 --> 00:02:20,974 Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi bekushiwo ukuthi ukuphepha kwemijovo sekucwaningwe ngokucophelela 28 00:02:20,974 --> 00:02:25,713 nangokujulile, i-Plotkin School manje seyivumile: akunjalo! 29 00:02:25,713 --> 00:02:34,473 Iningi lamajabulo awahlolwa ngokwanele ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvunywa, kusho uPlotkin nabafundi bakhe. 30 00:02:34,473 --> 00:02:41,943 Lokhu kubikiwe endatshaneni enesihloko esithi "Uxhaso lwesayensi yokuphepha kwemijovo ngemva kokuthola 31 00:02:41,943 --> 00:02:47,433 ilayisensi" eshicilelwe ku-New England Journal of Medicine. 32 00:02:47,433 --> 00:02:54,109 Ibhlogi yesayensi nezepolitiki ethi 'tkp' ichaza lokhu ngokuningiliziwe endatshaneni. 33 00:02:54,109 --> 00:03:04,666 Ubhalile: Isikole sasePlotkin sivumile ukuthi imijovo ayihlolwa ngendlela efanele – kungaba ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvunywa. 34 00:03:04,666 --> 00:03:12,082 Isibonelo, bavuma ukuthi izilingo zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuvunywa zinezibalo ezilinganiselwe kanye nezikhathi 35 00:03:12,082 --> 00:03:19,199 zokulandelela ezimfishane, futhi akukho mali ebekelwe izifundo zokuphepha ngemva kokuvunywa. 36 00:03:19,199 --> 00:03:24,893 Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka futhi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe bekukhona yini imiphumela engemihle ngemva kokugonywa. 37 00:03:24,893 --> 00:03:31,486 Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphakathi uthiwe kunemiphumela engemihle embalwa noma ayikho ngokuphelele ekugonyweni. 38 00:03:31,486 --> 00:03:37,141 Nokho, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu uma sithatha umjovo we-HPV wokuvikela umdlavuza wamabele omthambo 39 00:03:37,141 --> 00:03:43,430 wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, okhuthazwa kakhulu kubantu abasha futhi muva nje ezikoleni. 40 00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:48,765 Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ngokusobala ukuthi ukugoma kubangela imiphumela emibi 41 00:03:48,765 --> 00:03:52,266 enzima efana nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba. 42 00:03:52,266 --> 00:03:59,699 Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni olwenziwe yiMerck bashona izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 ngokuvamile kunalokho 43 00:03:59,699 --> 00:04:04,055 okujwayelekile kuleli qembu lobudala ngokwezinga lokufa. 44 00:04:04,055 --> 00:04:11,236 Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zomdlavuza wesibeletho zazikhuphuka kunokwehla ngemva kokwethulwa kokugoma. 45 00:04:11,236 --> 00:04:16,833 Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezengeziwe ziveze ngokusobala ukuthi kunezinye iziphumo 46 00:04:16,833 --> 00:04:21,055 eziwubungozi eziningi ezihambisana neminye imijovo. 47 00:04:21,055 --> 00:04:27,821 Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sokufa ngokuzumayo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa 48 00:04:27,821 --> 00:04:34,933 kwemithambo-luvo, ukungezwani komzimba, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, ukwanda kokutheleleka kalula, njll. 49 00:04:34,933 --> 00:04:42,559 Ungathola izincazelo ezinemininingwane engaphezulu ngalesi sihloko ezinhlelweni ze-Kla.TV ezibalwe ezibhalweni zokubonga. 50 00:04:42,559 --> 00:04:48,767 Enkulumweni yakhe ethi "Ukuniswa izitofu zokugoma kusebenza kangakanani?", u-Andreas Diemer, udokotela jikelele futhi 51 00:04:48,767 --> 00:04:53,755 onguchwepheshe wefiziksi oqeqeshiwe, uchaza ngendlela wonke umuntu angayiqonda ukuthi izifundo 52 00:04:53,755 --> 00:04:57,113 ngokuphepha kwezitofu zokugoma zimayelana nani. 53 00:04:57,113 --> 00:05:01,320 Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu afingqiwe ngokufushane ngezansi. 54 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:04,806 - Azikho izifundo ngokuphepha kwemijovo yokugoma. 55 00:05:04,806 --> 00:05:08,617 - Akukho izifundo zangempela ze-placebo ezenziwayo. 56 00:05:08,617 --> 00:05:13,548 - Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amaqembu okuqhathanisa akhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ngabe yiziphi imiphumela 57 00:05:13,548 --> 00:05:16,886 engemihle eyenzeka kubantu abagonyiwe nabangagonywanga. 58 00:05:16,886 --> 00:05:21,792 - Azikho izifundo zesayensi eziqondile ezikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kokugoma. 59 00:05:21,792 --> 00:05:26,740 Zonke izifundo ezenziwe zayenziwa ngumkhiqizi uqobo. 60 00:05:26,740 --> 00:05:31,682 Lokhu ngokwemvelo kuholela ekutheni izifundo ziqondiswe ngendlela ethile. 61 00:05:31,682 --> 00:05:36,674 Umkhiqizi ikakhulu ufuna umkhiqizo wakhe uthengiswe futhi uhlela ucwaningo nokuhlolwa 62 00:05:36,674 --> 00:05:40,593 ngokufanele ukuze afinyelele umphumela ofunwayo. 63 00:05:40,593 --> 00:05:48,171 - Isibonelo, abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni bavame ukuba amadoda asebekhulile anempilo abangamele zonke izingxenye zabantu. 64 00:05:48,171 --> 00:05:53,777 - Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile abahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa bancane kakhulu futhi isikhathi socwaningo sifushane kakhulu ukuze 65 00:05:53,777 --> 00:05:57,620 kutholakale isithombe sangempela semiphumela engemihle evezekayo. 66 00:05:57,620 --> 00:06:01,728 - Futhi akuphenywa ukuthi abantu abagonyiwe bagula kaningi noma kancane, noma bagula kanzima kancane, 67 00:06:01,728 --> 00:06:04,566 noma bafa kaningi noma kancane kunalabo abangagonyiwe. 68 00:06:04,566 --> 00:06:08,491 - Kuyindaba nje yokukala izinga lama-antibody egazini. 69 00:06:08,491 --> 00:06:12,447 Lena inani elibekwe ngokungahleliwe. 70 00:06:12,447 --> 00:06:17,259 Lapho le nani likalwa egazini, kuthiwa umjovo usebenza kahle. 71 00:06:17,259 --> 00:06:21,338 - Futhi azikho izikomidi ezizimele noma iziphathimandla ezihlola imiphumela. 72 00:06:21,338 --> 00:06:28,072 I-Paul Ehrlich Institute ne-RKI, ezibhekele ukuhlola imiphumela yalezi zifundo, ziyahluleka kule ndawo. 73 00:06:28,072 --> 00:06:31,340 Bathonya futhi baxhaswa ngokwengxenye ngabakhhiqizi. 74 00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:37,430 STIKO iphinde ibe nobudlelwano obuseduze nemboni. Amalungu angu-17 e-STIKO asebenza embonini yezitofu zokugoma. 75 00:06:37,430 --> 00:06:41,780 Lokho kungaba sengathi uvumela umfundi oseqede isikole samabanga aphezulu ukuthi abeke amamaki ezivivinyweni 76 00:06:41,780 --> 00:06:45,124 zakhe zokugcina. Umphumela ngeke ube ngokungakhethi. 77 00:06:45,124 --> 00:06:52,093 Isitatimende esithi, "Njengoba abantu abaningi sebeqedile ukugoma, izifo ezikhulunywayo seziyehla," asiyikho. 78 00:06:52,093 --> 00:06:59,469 Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi ezinye izitozo zethulwe kubo bonke, inani lamacala ezifo lalivele lehla. 79 00:06:59,469 --> 00:07:04,454 Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila ezifana nezempilo yokuhlanza nokudla okunomsoco. 80 00:07:04,454 --> 00:07:08,083 Kukhona futhi izifundo ezikhombisa okuphambene nalokho. 81 00:07:08,083 --> 00:07:14,360 Kwezinye izimo zokubhujiswa okuthiwa kuyizifo ezisabalele, iningi labathintekile selivele belugonyelwe. 82 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:19,126 Akukho kwalawa maphuzu okukhulunywa ngawo ezintweni zokufundisa. 83 00:07:19,126 --> 00:07:27,199 Esikhundleni sokuthola imfundo ebanzi nebalansiwe, abafundi banikezwa ulwazi oluhlukile noluhluziwe kusengaphambili. 84 00:07:27,199 --> 00:07:34,377 Noma yini engahambisani nendaba eyamukelekile, kulokhu indaba yokugoma, iyasuswa nje. 85 00:07:34,377 --> 00:07:42,666 Futhi-ke, sekuyacaca ukuthi izingane zethu zibhekene nomthelela omkhulu wemibono esikoleni. 86 00:07:42,666 --> 00:07:49,980 Yini engemuva kwalo mkhankaso omkhulu wokugoma, owuphoqelelwa naphezu kokushoda okukhulu kothisha ezikoleni? 87 00:07:49,980 --> 00:07:54,227 Ukuzimisela ukugonywa kuvamile kwehla phakathi kwabantu. 88 00:07:54,227 --> 00:07:58,603 Kufanele manje lokhu kutholwe kabusha ngabantu abasha? 89 00:07:58,603 --> 00:08:03,626 Ukugoma nakho kuyibhizinisi eliyizigidigidi zamaphawundi embonini yezemithi. 90 00:08:03,626 --> 00:08:08,544 Njengoba odokotela benza ukugoma, nabo bangengxenye yalo msebenzi. 91 00:08:08,544 --> 00:08:18,184 UDkt Paul Thomas, udokotela wezingane oqeqeshelwe eDartmouth, waxoxa ngalesi simo esinzima ngomhlaka 16 Ephreli 2024 engxoxweni 92 00:08:18,184 --> 00:08:28,085 noPolly Tommey njengengxenye yohambo lwebhasi lwe-Children's Health Defense olubizwa 'Vax-Unvax: The People's Study'. 93 00:08:28,085 --> 00:08:36,706 Uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi odokotela bezingane kumele basebenze kanjani ukuze – ngokoqobo – 'bahlale bebhizinisi'. 94 00:08:36,706 --> 00:08:41,335 Izikhungo zezokwelapha zezingane zithembele kakhulu ekugonyweni. 95 00:08:41,335 --> 00:08:46,313 Uma udokotela engakwenzi lokho, ulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yemali ayitholayo. 96 00:08:46,313 --> 00:08:50,478 Udokotela uthola imali ngokugoma ngakunye okwenziwayo. 97 00:08:50,478 --> 00:08:55,754 Nansi isibonelo esifushane esivela ekusebenzeni kukaDkt. Thomas. 98 00:08:55,754 --> 00:09:06,642 "Masithi, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha ezinyangeni ezimbili nomntwana ophilile, kunomjovo we-DPT – imijovo emithathu, ama-antigen 99 00:09:06,642 --> 00:09:17,789 amathathu," echaza yena, "futhi i-HiB , i- pneumokokhi, i- hepatitis B, i-polio, i- rotavirus – cishe ama-£200."" 100 00:09:17,789 --> 00:09:23,386 Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonasi zekhwalithi ezixhumene nezinga lokugonywa. 101 00:09:23,386 --> 00:09:31,182 Izinkampani zomshwalense zinikeza odokotela bezingane izinkokhelo zebhonasi uma befinyelela ezingeni elithile lokugoma. 102 00:09:31,182 --> 00:09:39,502 Lawa ngokuvamile angaba cishe amaphesenti angama-80 weziguli ezigonyelwe ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emibili. 103 00:09:39,502 --> 00:09:47,479 uThomas wenza isitatimende esicacile ngalokhu: "Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wokugoma izingane awukwazi 104 00:09:47,479 --> 00:09:53,166 ukuqhubeka uma ungawenzi iningi, noma ngabe zonke, izigomo." 105 00:09:53,166 --> 00:10:01,381 Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuchaza izibopho zamehlo – kungani odokotela bengafuni nje ukuya lapho nokubhekana neqiniso 106 00:10:01,381 --> 00:10:06,440 lokuthi lezi zitozo zokugoma zibangela umonakalo omkhulu. 107 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:13,992 Umlandisi wezokwelapha nombhali uDkt Gerd Reuther unikeza izincazelo ezijulile kakhulu mayelana nokuthi kungani imijovo 108 00:10:13,992 --> 00:10:18,667 yokugoma ikhuthazwa kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe. 109 00:10:18,667 --> 00:10:23,158 Sithatha amazwi engxoxweni ne-Report 24: 110 00:10:23,158 --> 00:10:33,583 Naphezu kwakho konke, izinzuzo ziyahluleka lapho sibheka lolu hlelo, oluholele ekuveleni kwezifo eziningi ezingapheli. 111 00:10:33,583 --> 00:10:45,243 Ngenhlaziyo ehlakaniphile nobunzulu besayensi, uthola uxhumano oludlula kude ingxoxo yezokwelapha. Bukela ingxoxo yonke lapha.