WEBVTT 00:00.423 --> 00:05.142 Nonke enabantwana noma abazukulwane abaneminyaka yokuya esikoleni niyakwazi lokhu: 00:05.142 --> 00:12.033 Izifundo ziyakhanselwa njalo, izingane zibuya ekhaya zisuka esikoleni kusenesikhathi noma zithola izifundo ezibuyiselayo. 00:12.033 --> 00:16.078 Isizathu salokhu ukuntuleka okukhulu kwabathisha ezweni lonke. 00:16.078 --> 00:20.276 Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi zithola imfundo encane kakhulu ukuze zikwazi 00:20.276 --> 00:23.406 ukufinyelela kahle ohlelweni lwezifundo oluhlosiwe. 00:23.406 --> 00:32.473 Kulesi simo, isihloko sephhephandaba esilandelayo esivela ku-Frankfurter Rundschau ngomhlaka 13 Novemba 2024 siyaphawuleka: 00:32.473 --> 00:37.488 Izifundo zokugoma manje sezifundiswa ezikoleni eHesse! 00:37.488 --> 00:42.880 Lokhu akuyona ifundo ejwayelekile yebhayoloji mayelana nokugoma esijwayele ukuyifunda. 00:42.880 --> 00:49.648 Kunalokho, kuhlobene nezinto zokufundisa ezengeziwe ezinemininingwane eziqoqwe nguhulumeni wesifundazwe mayelana 00:49.648 --> 00:54.075 nezifo ezithathelana kanye nokuvikelwa ngemijovo yokugoma. 00:54.075 --> 01:00.119 Lokhu kufanele kusize abantu abasha benze isinqumo sabo esinolwazi mayelana nokugoma. 01:00.119 --> 01:04.487 uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uDiana Stolz uchaza: 01:04.487 --> 01:09.943 Othisha banobudlelwano obukhethekile bokwethembana nezingane nabantu abasha, futhi ngenxa yeminyaka yabo eminingi 01:09.943 --> 01:14.820 yokuhlangenwe nakho namakhono abo okufundisa, bayakwazi ukudlulisa ngisho nezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi 01:14.820 --> 01:17.151 ngendlela eqondakala kalula futhi efanele iminyaka yabo. 01:17.151 --> 01:23.815 Ngokufingqa, lokhu kusho ukuthi othisha kufanele batshale isikhathi esengeziwe sokulungiselela nokufundisa futhi 01:23.815 --> 01:30.993 basebenzise ubudlelwano babo obukhethekile bokwethembana nabafundi ukuze babakhuthaze ukuthi bazigonyelwe. 01:30.993 --> 01:37.390 Kungaba kanjani ukuthi "isinqumo esiqapheleka" njengoba kushiwo ngenhla senziwe ngaphansi kwalezi zimo? 01:37.390 --> 01:42.966 Abafundi baboniswa kuphela imiphumela ekholelwa ukuthi imihle yokugoma. 01:42.966 --> 01:48.359 Nokho, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isinqumo esiqapheleka singathathwa kuphela ngemva 01:48.359 --> 01:52.573 kokuhlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezinselelo zendaba. 01:52.573 --> 01:56.173 Kungani lezi zici ezilandelayo zingaxoxwa ngazo? 01:56.173 --> 02:01.760 Siqala ngokuphepha okuphezulu kwamavaksini okudunyiswayo kakhulu nokucashunwa kakhulu. 02:01.760 --> 02:07.689 Isazi sezitofu zokugoma esibaluleke kakhulu e-United States, uDkt Stanley Plotkin, kanye nabafundi bakhe muva nje bavumile ukuthi 02:07.689 --> 02:14.083 izitofu zokugoma – njengoba abagxeki bezitofu zokugoma sebevele bekusho isikhathi eside – azikaze zicwaningwe ngokwanele. 02:14.083 --> 02:20.974 Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi bekushiwo ukuthi ukuphepha kwemijovo sekucwaningwe ngokucophelela 02:20.974 --> 02:25.713 nangokujulile, i-Plotkin School manje seyivumile: akunjalo! 02:25.713 --> 02:34.473 Iningi lamajabulo awahlolwa ngokwanele ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvunywa, kusho uPlotkin nabafundi bakhe. 02:34.473 --> 02:41.943 Lokhu kubikiwe endatshaneni enesihloko esithi "Uxhaso lwesayensi yokuphepha kwemijovo ngemva kokuthola 02:41.943 --> 02:47.433 ilayisensi" eshicilelwe ku-New England Journal of Medicine. 02:47.433 --> 02:54.109 Ibhlogi yesayensi nezepolitiki ethi 'tkp' ichaza lokhu ngokuningiliziwe endatshaneni. 02:54.109 --> 03:04.666 Ubhalile: Isikole sasePlotkin sivumile ukuthi imijovo ayihlolwa ngendlela efanele – kungaba ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvunywa. 03:04.666 --> 03:12.082 Isibonelo, bavuma ukuthi izilingo zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuvunywa zinezibalo ezilinganiselwe kanye nezikhathi 03:12.082 --> 03:19.199 zokulandelela ezimfishane, futhi akukho mali ebekelwe izifundo zokuphepha ngemva kokuvunywa. 03:19.199 --> 03:24.893 Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka futhi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe bekukhona yini imiphumela engemihle ngemva kokugonywa. 03:24.893 --> 03:31.486 Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphakathi uthiwe kunemiphumela engemihle embalwa noma ayikho ngokuphelele ekugonyweni. 03:31.486 --> 03:37.141 Nokho, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu uma sithatha umjovo we-HPV wokuvikela umdlavuza wamabele omthambo 03:37.141 --> 03:43.430 wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, okhuthazwa kakhulu kubantu abasha futhi muva nje ezikoleni. 03:43.430 --> 03:48.765 Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ngokusobala ukuthi ukugoma kubangela imiphumela emibi 03:48.765 --> 03:52.266 enzima efana nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba. 03:52.266 --> 03:59.699 Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni olwenziwe yiMerck bashona izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 ngokuvamile kunalokho 03:59.699 --> 04:04.055 okujwayelekile kuleli qembu lobudala ngokwezinga lokufa. 04:04.055 --> 04:11.236 Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zomdlavuza wesibeletho zazikhuphuka kunokwehla ngemva kokwethulwa kokugoma. 04:11.236 --> 04:16.833 Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezengeziwe ziveze ngokusobala ukuthi kunezinye iziphumo 04:16.833 --> 04:21.055 eziwubungozi eziningi ezihambisana neminye imijovo. 04:21.055 --> 04:27.821 Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sokufa ngokuzumayo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa 04:27.821 --> 04:34.933 kwemithambo-luvo, ukungezwani komzimba, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, ukwanda kokutheleleka kalula, njll. 04:34.933 --> 04:42.559 Ungathola izincazelo ezinemininingwane engaphezulu ngalesi sihloko ezinhlelweni ze-Kla.TV ezibalwe ezibhalweni zokubonga. 04:42.559 --> 04:48.767 Enkulumweni yakhe ethi "Ukuniswa izitofu zokugoma kusebenza kangakanani?", u-Andreas Diemer, udokotela jikelele futhi 04:48.767 --> 04:53.755 onguchwepheshe wefiziksi oqeqeshiwe, uchaza ngendlela wonke umuntu angayiqonda ukuthi izifundo 04:53.755 --> 04:57.113 ngokuphepha kwezitofu zokugoma zimayelana nani. 04:57.113 --> 05:01.320 Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu afingqiwe ngokufushane ngezansi. 05:01.320 --> 05:04.806 - Azikho izifundo ngokuphepha kwemijovo yokugoma. 05:04.806 --> 05:08.617 - Akukho izifundo zangempela ze-placebo ezenziwayo. 05:08.617 --> 05:13.548 - Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amaqembu okuqhathanisa akhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ngabe yiziphi imiphumela 05:13.548 --> 05:16.886 engemihle eyenzeka kubantu abagonyiwe nabangagonywanga. 05:16.886 --> 05:21.792 - Azikho izifundo zesayensi eziqondile ezikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kokugoma. 05:21.792 --> 05:26.740 Zonke izifundo ezenziwe zayenziwa ngumkhiqizi uqobo. 05:26.740 --> 05:31.682 Lokhu ngokwemvelo kuholela ekutheni izifundo ziqondiswe ngendlela ethile. 05:31.682 --> 05:36.674 Umkhiqizi ikakhulu ufuna umkhiqizo wakhe uthengiswe futhi uhlela ucwaningo nokuhlolwa 05:36.674 --> 05:40.593 ngokufanele ukuze afinyelele umphumela ofunwayo. 05:40.593 --> 05:48.171 - Isibonelo, abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni bavame ukuba amadoda asebekhulile anempilo abangamele zonke izingxenye zabantu. 05:48.171 --> 05:53.777 - Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile abahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa bancane kakhulu futhi isikhathi socwaningo sifushane kakhulu ukuze 05:53.777 --> 05:57.620 kutholakale isithombe sangempela semiphumela engemihle evezekayo. 05:57.620 --> 06:01.728 - Futhi akuphenywa ukuthi abantu abagonyiwe bagula kaningi noma kancane, noma bagula kanzima kancane, 06:01.728 --> 06:04.566 noma bafa kaningi noma kancane kunalabo abangagonyiwe. 06:04.566 --> 06:08.491 - Kuyindaba nje yokukala izinga lama-antibody egazini. 06:08.491 --> 06:12.447 Lena inani elibekwe ngokungahleliwe. 06:12.447 --> 06:17.259 Lapho le nani likalwa egazini, kuthiwa umjovo usebenza kahle. 06:17.259 --> 06:21.338 - Futhi azikho izikomidi ezizimele noma iziphathimandla ezihlola imiphumela. 06:21.338 --> 06:28.072 I-Paul Ehrlich Institute ne-RKI, ezibhekele ukuhlola imiphumela yalezi zifundo, ziyahluleka kule ndawo. 06:28.072 --> 06:31.340 Bathonya futhi baxhaswa ngokwengxenye ngabakhhiqizi. 06:31.340 --> 06:37.430 STIKO iphinde ibe nobudlelwano obuseduze nemboni. Amalungu angu-17 e-STIKO asebenza embonini yezitofu zokugoma. 06:37.430 --> 06:41.780 Lokho kungaba sengathi uvumela umfundi oseqede isikole samabanga aphezulu ukuthi abeke amamaki ezivivinyweni 06:41.780 --> 06:45.124 zakhe zokugcina. Umphumela ngeke ube ngokungakhethi. 06:45.124 --> 06:52.093 Isitatimende esithi, "Njengoba abantu abaningi sebeqedile ukugoma, izifo ezikhulunywayo seziyehla," asiyikho. 06:52.093 --> 06:59.469 Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi ezinye izitozo zethulwe kubo bonke, inani lamacala ezifo lalivele lehla. 06:59.469 --> 07:04.454 Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila ezifana nezempilo yokuhlanza nokudla okunomsoco. 07:04.454 --> 07:08.083 Kukhona futhi izifundo ezikhombisa okuphambene nalokho. 07:08.083 --> 07:14.360 Kwezinye izimo zokubhujiswa okuthiwa kuyizifo ezisabalele, iningi labathintekile selivele belugonyelwe. 07:14.360 --> 07:19.126 Akukho kwalawa maphuzu okukhulunywa ngawo ezintweni zokufundisa. 07:19.126 --> 07:27.199 Esikhundleni sokuthola imfundo ebanzi nebalansiwe, abafundi banikezwa ulwazi oluhlukile noluhluziwe kusengaphambili. 07:27.199 --> 07:34.377 Noma yini engahambisani nendaba eyamukelekile, kulokhu indaba yokugoma, iyasuswa nje. 07:34.377 --> 07:42.666 Futhi-ke, sekuyacaca ukuthi izingane zethu zibhekene nomthelela omkhulu wemibono esikoleni. 07:42.666 --> 07:49.980 Yini engemuva kwalo mkhankaso omkhulu wokugoma, owuphoqelelwa naphezu kokushoda okukhulu kothisha ezikoleni? 07:49.980 --> 07:54.227 Ukuzimisela ukugonywa kuvamile kwehla phakathi kwabantu. 07:54.227 --> 07:58.603 Kufanele manje lokhu kutholwe kabusha ngabantu abasha? 07:58.603 --> 08:03.626 Ukugoma nakho kuyibhizinisi eliyizigidigidi zamaphawundi embonini yezemithi. 08:03.626 --> 08:08.544 Njengoba odokotela benza ukugoma, nabo bangengxenye yalo msebenzi. 08:08.544 --> 08:18.184 UDkt Paul Thomas, udokotela wezingane oqeqeshelwe eDartmouth, waxoxa ngalesi simo esinzima ngomhlaka 16 Ephreli 2024 engxoxweni 08:18.184 --> 08:28.085 noPolly Tommey njengengxenye yohambo lwebhasi lwe-Children's Health Defense olubizwa 'Vax-Unvax: The People's Study'. 08:28.085 --> 08:36.706 Uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi odokotela bezingane kumele basebenze kanjani ukuze – ngokoqobo – 'bahlale bebhizinisi'. 08:36.706 --> 08:41.335 Izikhungo zezokwelapha zezingane zithembele kakhulu ekugonyweni. 08:41.335 --> 08:46.313 Uma udokotela engakwenzi lokho, ulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yemali ayitholayo. 08:46.313 --> 08:50.478 Udokotela uthola imali ngokugoma ngakunye okwenziwayo. 08:50.478 --> 08:55.754 Nansi isibonelo esifushane esivela ekusebenzeni kukaDkt. Thomas. 08:55.754 --> 09:06.642 "Masithi, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha ezinyangeni ezimbili nomntwana ophilile, kunomjovo we-DPT – imijovo emithathu, ama-antigen 09:06.642 --> 09:17.789 amathathu," echaza yena, "futhi i-HiB , i- pneumokokhi, i- hepatitis B, i-polio, i- rotavirus – cishe ama-£200."" 09:17.789 --> 09:23.386 Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonasi zekhwalithi ezixhumene nezinga lokugonywa. 09:23.386 --> 09:31.182 Izinkampani zomshwalense zinikeza odokotela bezingane izinkokhelo zebhonasi uma befinyelela ezingeni elithile lokugoma. 09:31.182 --> 09:39.502 Lawa ngokuvamile angaba cishe amaphesenti angama-80 weziguli ezigonyelwe ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emibili. 09:39.502 --> 09:47.479 uThomas wenza isitatimende esicacile ngalokhu: "Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wokugoma izingane awukwazi 09:47.479 --> 09:53.166 ukuqhubeka uma ungawenzi iningi, noma ngabe zonke, izigomo." 09:53.166 --> 10:01.381 Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuchaza izibopho zamehlo – kungani odokotela bengafuni nje ukuya lapho nokubhekana neqiniso 10:01.381 --> 10:06.440 lokuthi lezi zitozo zokugoma zibangela umonakalo omkhulu. 10:06.440 --> 10:13.992 Umlandisi wezokwelapha nombhali uDkt Gerd Reuther unikeza izincazelo ezijulile kakhulu mayelana nokuthi kungani imijovo 10:13.992 --> 10:18.667 yokugoma ikhuthazwa kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe. 10:18.667 --> 10:23.158 Sithatha amazwi engxoxweni ne-Report 24: 10:23.158 --> 10:33.583 Naphezu kwakho konke, izinzuzo ziyahluleka lapho sibheka lolu hlelo, oluholele ekuveleni kwezifo eziningi ezingapheli. 10:33.583 --> 10:45.243 Ngenhlaziyo ehlakaniphile nobunzulu besayensi, uthola uxhumano oludlula kude ingxoxo yezokwelapha. Bukela ingxoxo yonke lapha.