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Taa, anyị nwere onye ọbịa na-eme ka ntọala sayensị ọgwụ daa.

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Onye na-ekwu na nje virus adịghị adị. Ma ọ
dịkarịa ala, na enweghị ihe àmà bara uru.

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Onye a ma ama nke na-eche na ọ maara ihe niile? Onye
ọkà mmụta ihe omimi gbagwojuru onwe ya ma ọ bụ ọbụna onye

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na-emegharị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ukwuu? Anyị ga-ahụ.

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E mepụtara nkwupụta ndị a na
weebụsaịtị nke ikpo okwu ya Next Level:

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Anyị na-eso ụzọ nke ịjụ ajụjụ obi ike na imegharị echiche.

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Anyị na-enyocha isiokwu gbasara nje na ọgwụ site n'echiche
ọhụrụ, na-achọpụta esemokwu ma na-arịọ ka e nwee eziokwu.

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Nkwupụta anyị siri ike guzobere na isi mmalite a pụrụ
ịlele ma na-enye ntọala siri ike maka mkparịta ụka bara uru.

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Anyị ka na-emeghe maka echiche ọhụụ ma na-akwalite
nyocha onwe onye na-aga n'ihu n'ọmụmụ sayensị. Ụzọ dị ebube!

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Ka anyị nabata onye nnọchi anya mgbasa ozi nke Next
Level, Mista Marvin Haberland, n'ụlọ nkwari akụ Kla.TV. Nnọọ!

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E ka ọ dị gị mma ehihie, daalụ nke ukwuu maka ịkpọ m.

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Ee, aga m achọ ya! N'aka otu, nke ahụ na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu.

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Mista Haberland, ọchịchọ a dị ebube ma bara uru, ma n'aka nke
ọzọ, ajụjụ na-apụta: ọ dị n'ezie mkpa gbasara nsogbu nje ahụ?

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Ọ̀ bụghị na a kpebiela ajụjụ gbasara nje ahụ
kemgbe ihe karịrị otu narị afọ, ma gosipụtara ya

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n'enweghị mgbagha site na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ nchọpụta?

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Gịnị kpatara ịlaghachi azụ n'oge gara aga, dịka a ga-asị,
ka ọ dị ka e nweghị ọmụmụ sayensị ziri ezi gbasara nje?

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Ee, ajụjụ ahụ dị mma. Ọ bụrụ na anyị tinye
ụkpụrụ ị kọwara ma ọ bụ gụrụ na mbido na isiokwu

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niile, anyị agaghị enwe ike ime ihe ọ bụla dị iche.

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Ma mgbe anyị tinyere nke a na sayensị nje ma nyochaa akwụkwọ ndị
ọkà sayensị nje bipụtara, nyochaa ọrụ ha, nakwa nyochaa nsonaazụ

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si na sayensị nje pụta, dịka ọgwụ, mgbochi ọrịa
ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ, maka ịdị irè sayensị, mgbe ahụ

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nnukwu nsogbu na-apụta nke metụtara usoro sayensị.

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Ma nke ahụ bụ ihe anyị ga-ekwu maka ya taa.

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Ee, mana a chọtara nje virus n'enweghị obi abụọ ma
gosipụtara anyị ha na mgbasa ozi na akwụkwọ ọkachamara.

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Ewetara m foto ole na ole nke nje
bluetongue, nje HIV, nje smallpox na nje coronavirus.

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Gịnị gbasara ihe ịga nke ọma ndị a na-emeghe ụzọ?

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Nke ahụ bụ ihe àmà doro anya.

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Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ị malite na echiche na, dịka ọmụmaatụ,
mmadụ abụọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa n'onwe ha, mgbe ahụ,

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aghaghị m ime nnwale nke na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-ekwenye echiche m.

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Ma na sayensị ọrịa nje, a na-ekwu na obere mkpụrụ
nje na-agafe site na A ruo B, dịka ọmụmaatụ site

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n'ikuku, ma na obere mkpụrụ nje ndị ahụ na-emetụta mmadụ.

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Nke a pụtara na m ga-egosi usoro niile nke
ihe kpatara na ihe mere iji kwado echiche a.

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Otú ọ dị, a naghị emepụta ihe onyonyo ndị a n'ule ma ọ bụ nnwale
dị otú ahụ. Ihe onyonyo ị gosiri ebe a bụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta nje

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virus kere mgbe ha na-eme nnwale n'ụlọ nyocha – ọ bụghị n'ime ahụ
mmadụ, kama n'ọzụlite sel n'ụlọ nyocha – site

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n'inweta ọzụlite sel, nke a na-ejikarị si n'akụkụ
akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọbọ, ma gbuo ha ọgwụ ma mee ka ha nwụọ agụụ.

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Ma mgbe ahụ, ihe onyonyo ndị a pụtara. A makwaara
nke a dị ka mmetụta cytopathic, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ.

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Ma eziokwu bụ na ọ bụrụ na ị megharịa otu nnwale ahụ na anụ ahụ
dị mma sitere n'ụmụ anụmanụ dị mma, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na

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ị naghị agbakwunye ihe nlele ọ bụla sitere n'ụmụ
anụmanụ ọrịa, ị ga-enweta otu ihe onyonyo ahụ kpọmkwem.

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Nke a bụ ihe a na-akpọ na sayensị
nnwale njikwa ma ọ bụ njikwa na-adịghị mma.

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Nke a bụ n'eziokwu ebumnuche iji wepụ ohere na nhazi
nnwale dị n'ụlọ nyocha m n'onwe ya na-emepụta nsonaazụ a.

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Nke ahụ pụtara na ọ bụrụ na m mee nnwale ugbu a ma were
ihe nlele ahụike, m ga-enweta otu onyonyo ahụ kpọmkwem.

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Ma ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus anaghị eme nke ahụ. Ha
na-eme naanị otu nnwale, mgbe ahụ ha na-ese foto ihe

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ndị ahụ ma na-ekwupụta na ha bụ nje na-akpata ọrịa.

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Otú ọ dị, ha enwebeghị igosi, nke mbụ, na
nke a na-eme n'ezie n'ime ndị ọrịa, na nke

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abụọ, na nhazi ndị a n'ezie na-akpata ọrịa ahụ.

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N'ihi na n'ọkwa na-esote, onyonyo naanị ya abụghị ihe
àmà na mkpụrụahụ ma ọ bụ nhazi ahụ na-akpata ọrịa ahụ.

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Enwere m ike igosi ulo mebiri ma kwuo na mmebi ahu kpatara
ya site na mkpali ala, ma foto nani agaghi egosiputa nke ahu.

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Enwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọzọ kpatara mmebi ahụ.

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Nke ahụ pụtara na mgbe m gụsịrị ịse foto ma gosipụta ihe onyonyo
a, nke n'eziokwu na-apụta naanị n'ime ndị

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ọrịa; enweghị m ike ịchọta nhazi ndị a n'ime
ndị ahụike, m ga-emerịrị ichepụta nhazi ndị a.

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Mgbe ahụ, n'ule ọzọ, nye ya n'ahụ
anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ, wee gosi:

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Aha, ha ga-arịa ọrịa nwere otu mgbaàmà
ugbu a ma ọ bụrụ na m nye ha owuwu ndị a.

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Ndị ọkà sayensị ọrịa nje anaghị eme nke a n'oge ọ bụla.

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Ya mere, a na-eme ọrụ niile naanị n'ụlọ nyocha.

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A na-etinye mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ n'ọgwụ ọjọọ, a na-eme ka ha
nwụọ agụụ site n'antibiotics na ihe ndị yiri ya, mgbe ahụ

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mmetụta ndị a na-eme, nke a na-akpọ mmetụta cytopathic.

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Dị ka e kwuru, ihe ndị a na-eme n'otu ụzọ ahụ
kpọmkwem, a pụghị ịmata ha ọbụna n'akụkụ anụ ahụ dị mma.

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E nwekwara ọtụtụ ọtụtụ ọmụmụ sayensị nje na mbipụta sayensị nje,
karịsịa site na mbido ụbọchị sayensị nje ọgbara ọhụrụ

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n'afọ 1940 na 1950, nke e bipụtara ọtụtụ ugboro,
na-ekwu na mmetụta a na-emekwa mgbe a na-eji anụ ahụ dị mma.

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Ma kemgbe afọ 1980 na 1990, ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus
na-agbalịsi ike izere ijikwa nnwale ndị a na anụ ahụ dị mma.

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A naghịzi eme nke ahụ. Enwerem ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi gbasara nke a.

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N'ihi nke a, etinyela m ọtụtụ
arịrịọ n'okpuru Iwu Nnwere Onwe Ozi.

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N'ụwa niile, n'ọkwa mba ụwa, Robert Koch Institute, Public Health
Service England, na Italy, CDC na America, Pasteur

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Institute na France, University of Melbourne na
Australia, Doherty Institute, na ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ.

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Maka nje niile o kwere mee, ọnya ọnụ,
SARS-CoV-2, HIV. Ozi ahụ na-adị mgbe niile otu:

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Mba, anyị anaghị eme nnwale njikwa ma ọ bụ njikwa
na-adịghị mma na ihe ahụike. A naghị eme ya kpamkpam.

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Ma ọ bụrụ na ha maara ọdịiche a, gịnị ka ha
na-akọwa? Ya mere, gịnị mere ha anaghị eme ya?

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Ha na-ekwu, "Ee, anyị doziechara nke
ahụ na afọ 1940s, anyị achọghị ya ọzọ"?

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Ọfọn, azịza dị iche iche. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ị
na-anụ na enweghị ikike ime nnwale ndị a.

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Na ị na-elekwasị anya kpamkpam na nnwale ndị dị mma.

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Nke ahụ bụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nzaghachi si Australia nye SARS-CoV-2.

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N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, dịka mgbasa ọrịa ọnụ na ụkwụ na-eme ugbu a na
Friedrich Loeffler Institute, a gwara anyị na

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nke a adịghị mkpa, n'ihi na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, ụzọ
na-abaghị ozugbo, egosila na ihe nlele ahụ nwere nje.

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Ma ndị ahụ bụ nkwenye nkịtị, m ga-asị, nke ị na-anụkarị.

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Otú ọ dị, ha adịghị zuru oke n'ihe sayensị ma na-emebi usoro
sayensị, nke bụ ihe a choro maka ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus niile na

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ụlọ ọrụ niile dịka Ngalaba 1 nke Iwu Nchedo Nje Germany si kwuo.

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Ọ na-ekwu na onye ọ bụla ga-arụ ọrụ
dịka nchọpụta sayensị kacha ọhụrụ si kwuo.

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Ma Ntọala Nnyocha German dị na Germany
na-akọwa ụkpụrụ ọrụ sayensị maka ndị sayensị niile.

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00:08:03,969 --> 00:08:10,862
Ma o doro anya na anyị ga-eme njikwa ọjọọ, ma
ọ bụ na anyị ga-enyocha usoro anyị, ma anyị

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ga-edekọ ihe niile ka onye ọ bụla wee ghọta ya.

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Ma nke ahụ kpamkpam mebiri na sayensị nje virus.

82
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Ma mgbe ị na-eme nnwale njikwa, dịka anyị onwe anyị bipụtara,
dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị bipụtara nnwale njikwa ebe ị na-etinye otu

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ụdị ọgwụ nje ndị ọkachamara na nje virus ji na ihe
ahụike, na-eji otu usoro agụụ ndị ọkachamara na nje

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virus ji, mgbe ahụ ị na-enweta kpọmkwem mmetụta ndị a.

85
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N'ezie, ndị ọkà virolojị bipụtara nke a ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge gara
aga, ma dịka m kwuru, anyị na-ekwu maka oge site na afọ 1940

86
00:08:52,246 --> 00:08:57,313
ruo 1960 na 1970. Kemgbe afọ 1980 na 1990, a naghịzi eme nke a.

87
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Anyị na-ekwu maka nje mgbe niile. Gịnị mere e nwere
ọgwụ nje na ọzụlite sel ndị a? Kedu ihe ha na-eme ebe ahụ?

88
00:09:03,616 --> 00:09:07,086
Ee, nke ahụ bụkwa ajụjụ dị oke mkpa ma dịkwa mma.

89
00:09:07,086 --> 00:09:17,117
Ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus na-eji ọgwụ nje na nnwale ịkụ sel a
na-eme n'ụlọ nyocha n'ihi na ha chọrọ iwepụ nje na sel ndị a.

90
00:09:17,117 --> 00:09:23,899
Ị chọrọ igbochi nje bacteria ma ọ bụ nje
ndị ọzọ ka ha ghara imetụta nnwale ahụ.

91
00:09:23,899 --> 00:09:34,235
Ha chọrọ naanị nje virus ndị na-abụghị ndụ n'eziokwu; ha
abụghị ihe dị ndụ; ha chọrọ ka nje virus ndị a mee mmetụta.

92
00:09:34,235 --> 00:09:38,555
Ha chọrọ iji teknụzụ kpochapụ
kpamkpam ma bibie nje ndị ọzọ niile.

93
00:09:38,555 --> 00:09:44,956
Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta nje na-echefughị na
ọgwụ nje n'onwe ha na-etinye nnukwu nrụgide

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n'akụkụ anụ ahụ na n'ọzụlite mkpụrụ ndụ a.

95
00:09:48,547 --> 00:09:58,709
Na ijikwa ọgwụ nje, a na-ejikarị abụọ: penicillin na streptomycin
jikọtara ọnụ, nke naanị ha na-akpata nrụgide na ọzụzụ mkpụrụ ndụ,

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00:09:58,709 --> 00:10:10,331
wee mee ka mmetụta cytopathic pụta, ebe ọzụzụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-agbaji
agbaji ma e mesịa ere ya anyị dịka onyonyo nje, ka e si kwuo.

97
00:10:10,331 --> 00:10:15,249
E nwekwara nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta nje
virus n'akwụkwọ ozi, gụnyere sitere n'ụlọ ọrụ dịka

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00:10:15,249 --> 00:10:17,855
Friedrich Loeffler Institute, nke doro anya na-ekwu:

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A maara nke a nke ọma. Ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus
maara na ọgwụ nje bacteria na-eweta nsogbu

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n'anụ ahụ ma nwee ike ibute mmetụta cytopathic a.

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Ma nke a bụkwa ihe kpatara na, n'echiche sayensị,
a ga-eme ule njikwa, ebe a na-agwọkwa ihe

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nlereanya ahụike na ọgwụ nje, ma nke ahụ anaghị eme kwa.

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00:10:41,241 --> 00:10:45,956
Nke a pụtara na ọbụlagodi site n'iji usoro kacha
ọhụrụ na igwe nyochaa eletrọn kacha mma, a ka

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00:10:45,956 --> 00:10:48,640
na-ahụ mmetụta ndị ahụ n'ahụ ndị dị mma na ndị ọrịa.

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Ee.

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Enweghị ọdịiche?

107
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Enweghị ọdịiche, a pụghị ịmata ya.

108
00:10:53,453 --> 00:10:58,252
E nwekwara otu ihe ọzọ Nzukọ Nnyocha German
na-arịọ, nke a na-adịghị etinye na sayensị nje, nke bụ

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00:10:58,252 --> 00:11:01,624
ime ka a ghara ịmata onye nyocha na onye nnwale.

110
00:11:01,624 --> 00:11:10,230
Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ka ndị ọkà mmụta nje n'ụlọ nyocha ghara ịma
nlele ọrịa nke metụtara nje na nke, dịka

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00:11:10,230 --> 00:11:18,216
ọmụmaatụ, sitere n'aka onye dị mma, ka ha ghara inwe
ntụpọ echiche ma ọ bụ echiche e kpebiela tupu.

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00:11:18,216 --> 00:11:21,732
A naghịkwa eme nke a n'oge ọ bụla n'ime sayensị ọrịa nje niile.

113
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Nke a pụtara na n'eziokwu anyị nwere ọtụtụ mmebi usoro sayensị.

114
00:11:24,841 --> 00:11:31,390
Enweghị nnwale njikwa, enweghị akwụkwọ ndekọ zuru ezu na
enweghị ime ka ndị sonyere ghara ịmata, a na-emebi ihe ndị a

115
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niile mgbe niile – ọbụna site n'aka Robert Koch Institute.

116
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Dị ka m kwuru, ọ bụghị naanị ikpesa usoro sayensị, ma
anyị maara na mgbe ị na-eme nnwale njikwa ndị a, otu

117
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nsonaazụ ahụ na-apụta n'ụzọ na-apụghị ịkọwa ọdịiche.

118
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Nke ahụ bụ naanị ịjụ ozugbo na igosi ụgha nke
sayensị ọrịa nje – opekata mpe maka mmetụta a.

119
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Ugbu a, anyị ekwurula maka ihe onyonyo
ndị a ebe a, nnwale ịzụlite mkpụrụ ndụ.

120
00:11:57,830 --> 00:12:02,642
Ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus na-ewe nzọụkwụ nke abụọ,
ya bụ ịtụle usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke

121
00:12:02,642 --> 00:12:05,713
ụfọdụ ndị na-ekiri nwere ike ịnụla banyere ya tupu.

122
00:12:05,713 --> 00:12:13,432
A na-eme mgbalị mgbe ahụ iji mata genome
ma ọ bụ ozi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke nje.

123
00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:17,112
A na-eme ihe niile a site n'iji nlereanya kọmputa, ka e si kwuo.

124
00:12:17,112 --> 00:12:20,440
Nke a bụ naanị nnwale kọmputa eji mmemme ngwanrọ eme.

125
00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:28,020
Ọ naghị emetụta nhazi n'eziokwu, a naghịkwa eme nyocha ebe a.

126
00:12:28,020 --> 00:12:33,026
Ma a ga-emerịrịkwa ịtọ usoro nke ọdịdị mkpụrụ
ndụ ahụike nke na-akpata kpọmkwem mmetụta ndị a.

127
00:12:33,026 --> 00:12:40,112
Lee hụ, mgbe ị mere nke ahụ, ị chọtara otu
genọm ahụ, otu nje ahụ, n'ọgbakọ sel ahụike kwa.

128
00:12:40,112 --> 00:12:47,768
Nke a pụtara na m nwere ike ịgbakọta nje niile si na
ọdịdọ mkpụrụ ndụ ahụike nke m gbara ọgwụ nje ma kụọ ya nri.

129
00:12:47,768 --> 00:12:51,034
Enwere m ike ịchọta HIV ebe ahụ
n'ụzọ dị mfe site na mmemme kọmputa.

130
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Enwere m ike ịchọta SARS-CoV-2
ebe ahụ, nakwa ụdị dị iche iche ya.

131
00:12:56,212 --> 00:13:04,971
Ma m nwere ike ime ka ihe niile a dịkwuo mfe site
n'itinye usoro nlekọta sel a n'usoro ndị ọzọ, dịka PCR, ebe

132
00:13:04,971 --> 00:13:09,424
m na-eme ka usoro nlekọta sel a bawanye, ka e si kwuo.

133
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Nke ahụ pụtara na m na-emegharị ihe ahụ nanị.

134
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Nke a na-eme ka mmemme kọmputa chọta
ma gbakọọ nje ndị ahụ, ka e si kwuo.

135
00:13:16,745 --> 00:13:23,720
Ma anyị na-akọwa ihe niile a n'ihi na anyị hụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ị
na-achịkwa ya n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, dịka a

136
00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:31,142
ga-esi mee ya n'usoro sayensị, mgbe ahụ anyị na-emebi
ma na-ajụ nkwupụta ndị ọkà sayensị na-amụ nje mere.

137
00:13:31,142 --> 00:13:37,492
Ma – nke ahụ niile yiri ka ọ dị mgbagwoju anya, ya mere ị ga-achọ
ige ya otu ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ ọzọ – mana ugbu a

138
00:13:37,492 --> 00:13:43,597
ka isi okwu kacha mfe na kacha mkpa pụta, nke
kwesịrị ịdịkwa ezi uche kpamkpam nye ndị na-ekiri niile.

139
00:13:43,597 --> 00:13:48,681
N'agbanyeghị ihe oyiyi ndị a a na-egosi anyị mgbe niile, na
n'agbanyeghị nnwale ọzụlite mkpụrụ ndụ na nchọpụta usoro mkpụrụ

140
00:13:48,681 --> 00:13:52,074
ndụ site na kọmputa – kpamkpam n'agbanyeghị ihe niile ahụ:

141
00:13:52,074 --> 00:13:58,992
Nnwale mgbasa ọrịa niile e mere n'akụkọ ihe
mere eme, ya bụ ijikọ ndị ahụike na ndị ọrịa

142
00:13:58,992 --> 00:14:02,385
ọnụ, ma anụmanụ ma mmadụ, dara ada. Ha niile!

143
00:14:02,385 --> 00:14:07,887
Nke ahụ pụtara na mgbe niile m na-agbalị ijikọ
ndị ọrịa na ndị ahụ ike ọnụ n'ime nnwale a

144
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na-achịkwa iji gosi na ọrịa na-efe efe, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ!

145
00:14:11,754 --> 00:14:15,866
Ma nke ahụ bụkwa nkwupụta megidere sayensị nje ọrịa kpọmkwem ọzọ.

146
00:14:15,866 --> 00:14:23,983
Ee, eleghị anya n'ụzọ na-adịghị ozugbo. Ma ị gaghị ekwu
na nje virus anaghị akpata ọrịa mgbe ị hụrụ ọrịa ndị a.

147
00:14:23,983 --> 00:14:25,553
Ana m ekwu na ị nwere ike ịhụ ya n'ime klaasị ụlọ akwụkwọ.

148
00:14:25,553 --> 00:14:28,509
Mgbe ahụ otu nwa na-arịa ọrịa, nwa na-esote na-arịa
ọrịa, ndị nkuzi na-arịa ọrịa, ọkara klaasị ahụ efu.

149
00:14:28,509 --> 00:14:31,992
Anyị nwetara nke ahụ ọzọ. Kedu ka nke ahụ ga-esi mee?

150
00:14:31,992 --> 00:14:38,501
Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ike igosi na nje bacteria adịghị
etinye aka, kama ọ bụ mgbaàmà ndị a na-enweghị nkọwa doro

151
00:14:38,501 --> 00:14:41,780
anya anyị na-enwekarị, ma na-alaghachi ugboro ugboro.

152
00:14:41,780 --> 00:14:47,735
Nke ahụ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ a na-ahụkarị. Kedu ka ị ga-esi kọwaa nke ahụ?

153
00:14:47,735 --> 00:14:52,886
Ee, mgbe anyị na-ahụ ihe ndị a, echiche sayensị na-apụta.

154
00:14:52,886 --> 00:14:55,892
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ugbu a ọ bụ
mkpụrụntụ ma ọ bụ nje virus na-efe efe.

155
00:14:55,892 --> 00:14:59,799
Nke ahụ bụ echiche dị ezigbo mma.
Ma mgbe ị nwale ya, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ.

156
00:14:59,799 --> 00:15:02,697
Ya mere, anyị chọrọ echiche ndị ọzọ, echiche ndokwa ndị ọzọ.

157
00:15:02,697 --> 00:15:05,713
N'ezie, anyị tụlere nke a nke ọma.

158
00:15:05,713 --> 00:15:10,650
Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nje, gịnị ka ọ nwere ike ịbụ? Ma ọ bụ nje?

159
00:15:10,650 --> 00:15:19,257
Nke a doro anya na ọ na-eduga anyị na isi okwu
dịka nri, mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, nsị na ịdị

160
00:15:19,257 --> 00:15:24,309
n'okpuru mmetụta si n'èzí metụtara ọmụmụ sayensị.

161
00:15:24,309 --> 00:15:32,999
N'ezie, isi mmalite radieshon, ihe kpatara ya n'uche na
nrụgide nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe a pụrụ ichebara echiche.

162
00:15:32,999 --> 00:15:40,504
Ndị a bụ ihe kpatara niile a pụrụ ịlele nke ọma
site na nnwale, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'nnwale ọ bụla.

163
00:15:40,504 --> 00:15:48,231
Enwere m ike ime ka mgbaàmà pụta site n'eri nri
naanị. Enwere m ike ime ka tumọr pụta site na nsị.

164
00:15:48,231 --> 00:15:51,050
Enwere m ike ime ka tumọr pụta site na nnwale radieshon.

165
00:15:51,050 --> 00:15:55,558
Enwere m ike ịgbanye ma gbanyụọ mgbaàmà
site n'ịpị bọtịnụ jiri mgbanwe ndị a.

166
00:15:55,558 --> 00:16:01,215
Nke a pụtara na anyị amalitela ịmata ọtụtụ ihe
gbasara ọtụtụ mgbaàmà, otu anyị ga-esi

167
00:16:01,215 --> 00:16:05,730
mepụta ha n'ule, na ihe na-akpata ha, ka e si kwuo.

168
00:16:05,730 --> 00:16:14,275
Ọ bụghị ha niile, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Nke a bụ ihe kpatara anyị ji
kwuo na ọ ga-adị ezi uche ịga n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta n'ọhịa a ma

169
00:16:14,275 --> 00:16:20,832
na-eme nchọpụta mepere emepe ebe ahụ, kama
ilekwasị anya na isiokwu a mgbe niile, nke a kọwara na ọ

170
00:16:20,832 --> 00:16:25,605
bụ ụgha kpamkpam site na mmalite ruo na njedebe.

171
00:16:25,605 --> 00:16:30,098
Nke a na-egbochi nghọta ndị ọzọ,
nchọpụta ndị ọzọ, na ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ.

172
00:16:30,098 --> 00:16:41,392
Nke ahụ bụkwa ihe anyị na-akpọ asị nke ukwuu, n'ihi na ọ
na-egbochi nke ukwuu ókè ọmụma na isiokwu e gosiwo na ọ bụ ụgha.

173
00:16:41,392 --> 00:16:46,629
Ọ bụ m na-aghọta nke a nke ọma? Ma nje virus
ma nje bacteria abụghị ndị na-akpata ọrịa ahụ?

174
00:16:46,629 --> 00:16:53,078
Ọ dị mma. N'echiche sayensị, ma ọ bụrụ na ị
na-eme nnwale ndị a na nje ma ọ bụ ihe ị

175
00:16:53,078 --> 00:16:57,135
na-ekwu na ọ bụ nje, ị gaghị enwe ike igosi ọrịa.

176
00:16:57,135 --> 00:17:05,566
Ma ọ bụrụ na ị mee nke ahụ na nje bacteria, nke ị nwere ike ịhụ
n'okpuru mikroskòpụ, ya mere ha dị n'eziokwu, ọbụna

177
00:17:05,566 --> 00:17:13,729
mgbe ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị kewapụ nje bacteria ndị a,
anyị enweghị ike ime ka ọrịa malite n'ule a na-achịkwa.

178
00:17:13,729 --> 00:17:20,517
Ihe atụ: Ọ bụrụ na m were salmonella ma ọ bụ nje ndị ọzọ a
na-ekwu na ha na-akpata ụfọdụ mgbaàmà, enweghị m

179
00:17:20,517 --> 00:17:27,459
ike ime ka ahụ dị ndụ nke dị mma nweta ọrịa ma ọ bụ
mee ka ọ bụrụ mmetọ site n'iji ha. Ọ naghị arụ ọrụ.

180
00:17:27,459 --> 00:17:36,495
A na-ahụ mgbe niile na mgbe anụmanụ dị ndụ nọ ọrịa ma
ọ bụ na-egosi mgbaàmà ọrịa, nje bacteria na-eto kwa

181
00:17:36,495 --> 00:17:41,732
n'ebe ahụ n'otu oge, dịka mmetụta sochiri, ka e si kwuo.

182
00:17:41,732 --> 00:17:47,740
Ma nke ahụ bụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji mee
atụnyere maka onye na-ekiri, dịka ụlọ na-ere ọkụ.

183
00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:54,256
Mgbe m nwere ụlọ na-ere ọkụ, ọtụtụ mgbe ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta
ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile, ahụrụ m na ndị na-alụ ọkụ nọkwa ebe ahụ.

184
00:17:54,256 --> 00:17:57,975
Nke ahụ pụtara na njikọ ahụ dị oke elu, njikọ ahụ dị oke elu.

185
00:17:57,975 --> 00:18:03,521
Otú ọ dị, nke a anaghị egosi na ndị
na-alụ ọkụ bụkwa kpatara ọkụ ahụ.

186
00:18:03,521 --> 00:18:06,014
Ha na-apụta naanị n'otu oge na ọkụ.

187
00:18:06,014 --> 00:18:11,107
Ya mere, ị ga-enwe nnukwu nlezianya na obere
nje na nje bacteria ma nyochaa ha nke ọma.

188
00:18:11,107 --> 00:18:16,717
Naanị n'ihi na ha na-apụta n'akụkụ
mgbaàmà apụtaghị na ha bụ ihe kpatara ya.

189
00:18:16,717 --> 00:18:21,452
N'ihi na, dịka m kwuru ugbu a, ma ọ bụrụ na
m kewapụ ha ma nyefee nje ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ dị

190
00:18:21,452 --> 00:18:23,566
mma nke na-adịghị ọrịa, ọ dịghị ihe na-eme.

191
00:18:23,566 --> 00:18:32,838
Ma nke ahụ bụ n'eziokwu ịjụ na ọrịa ma ọ bụ mgbasa
ọrịa adịghị adị site n'ime obere nje dịka bakterịa.

192
00:18:32,838 --> 00:18:36,040
Ma nke ahụ gụnyerekwa nje na ụmụ
ahụhụ. Ọ naghị arụkwa ọrụ ebe ahụ.

193
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:41,136
Ị gaghị enwe ike ịkpata ọrịa n'ahụ
ndị dị mma n'ụzọ ahụ. Ọ naghị arụ ọrụ.

194
00:18:41,136 --> 00:18:44,705
Ee, mana ịlaghachi na ọnọdụ a n'ime klas.

195
00:18:44,705 --> 00:18:52,080
Ọ bụghị ụmụaka niile na-eri otu ihe. Ha
niile anaghị ebi n'ọnọdụ ndụ kpọmkwem otu.

196
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:56,632
Kedu ka o si mee, ya mere, ka ha niile nwee otu mgbaàmà?

197
00:18:56,632 --> 00:19:01,111
Ya mere, mgbe anyị kwuru na anyị
nwere mgbaàmà yiri ibe anyị n'otu klaasị:

198
00:19:01,111 --> 00:19:04,431
Nke mbụ, nke a anaghị emetụta ụmụaka niile
mgbe niile, kama ọ na-emetụta naanị ụfọdụ.

199
00:19:04,431 --> 00:19:09,713
Anyị ga-achọ ebe anyị niile
kwekọrọ. Ụmụaka niile nọ n'otu ime ụlọ.

200
00:19:09,713 --> 00:19:12,369
Ha niile nwere otu ihe ọmụmụ.

201
00:19:12,369 --> 00:19:15,635
Ha niile na-eche ihu otu ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

202
00:19:15,635 --> 00:19:19,478
Ha niile na-enweta otu ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe a n'ime ụlọ a.

203
00:19:19,478 --> 00:19:27,617
Ma nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ mgbanwe ma ọ bụ okwu mkparịta ụka zuru
oke, nke n'ezie ga-achọ ka e nwalee ya n'ule kwesịrị ekwesị.

204
00:19:27,617 --> 00:19:34,750
Nke ahụ ga-abụ nzọụkwụ nke abụọ. Ma
anyị enweghị ụkọ echiche. N'ezie.

205
00:19:34,750 --> 00:19:42,282
Ma ọ bụrụ na ị kwuo na e nweghị ihe akaebe gosiri na nje ndị a
na-akpata ọrịa dị adị, na sayensị n'ozuzu

206
00:19:42,282 --> 00:19:49,436
amaghị ihe ọ na-eme ma ọ bụ ihe ọ na-achọ,
kedu uru usoro mgbochi dịka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi?

207
00:19:49,436 --> 00:20:00,475
Ee, ha nwekwara ike ịba uru ọbụlagodi na enweghị ihe
àmà nke nje ma ọ bụrụ na ha gosiri uru n'ule ziri ezi.

208
00:20:00,475 --> 00:20:05,832
Ya mere, n'agbanyeghị ma nje dị ma ọ bụ na
ọ nweghị, mgbochi ahụ ka nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ.

209
00:20:05,832 --> 00:20:10,525
Ma nke ahụ abụghị ihe na-eme mgbe a na-eme nnwale ọgwụ mgbochi.

210
00:20:10,525 --> 00:20:17,000
Nke mbu, ọtụtụ n'ime ọmụmụ gbasara ịgba
mgbochi anaghị eso ụkpụrụ sayensị kwa.

211
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,681
Nke a pụtara na anyị nwere opekata mpe ìgwè abụọ.

212
00:20:19,681 --> 00:20:24,165
Otu na-enweta mgbochi ọrịa, otu na-enweta placebo kwesịrị ekwesị.

213
00:20:24,165 --> 00:20:30,179
Mgbe ahụ, a na-enyocha onyonyo ahụ nke ọmụmụ ọrịa kpamkpam.

214
00:20:30,179 --> 00:20:32,876
Nke a bụ otu ihe ahụ na coronavirus,
dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mgbochi coronavirus.

215
00:20:32,876 --> 00:20:35,915
E mere nlezianya iji tinye otu ndị natara ọgwụ efu.

216
00:20:35,915 --> 00:20:41,689
E mesịrị nye ya ngwọta mmiri nnu, nke
n'onwe ya agaghị abụ placebo kwesịrị ekwesị.

217
00:20:41,689 --> 00:20:48,482
N'ihi na placebo n'ihe njikwa na-adịghị mma
kwesịrị ekwesị kwesịrị ịdị iche na ihe na-arụ ọrụ naanị

218
00:20:48,482 --> 00:20:51,869
na otu mgbanwe, ka a pụrụ ịhụ naanị mgbanwe ahụ.

219
00:20:51,869 --> 00:20:53,931
N'ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ ga-abụ akụkụ nje a.

220
00:20:53,931 --> 00:20:59,064
Ngwọta mmiri nnu dị iche na mgbochi
ọrịa n'eziokwu n'ọtụtụ narị ihe dị iche.

221
00:20:59,064 --> 00:21:01,580
Ma nke ahụ bụ okwu kpamkpam dị iche.

222
00:21:01,580 --> 00:21:06,197
Gịnị ka e mere na ọmụmụ ndị a gbasara ọgwụ
mgbochi coronavirus? Dịka ọmụmaatụ, BioNTech-Pfizer?

223
00:21:06,197 --> 00:21:11,501
Mgbe ahụ, a na-enyocha ndị mmadụ naanị site na ule PCR.

224
00:21:11,501 --> 00:21:16,962
Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ị gụọ mkpụrụokwu pere mpe nke
ọmụmụ ahụ, otu ọnụọgụ mmadụ nọ n'òtù abụọ ahụ dara ọrịa.

225
00:21:16,962 --> 00:21:21,119
N'ime ọmụmụ ndị a, a na-akpọ nke a
"ọnọdụ a na-enyo enyo Covid-19".

226
00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:22,770
Nke ahụ pụtara na ihe dị ka otu ọnụọgụ mmadụ ka dị ọrịa.

227
00:21:22,770 --> 00:21:26,220
Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmata ọdịiche ọ bụla n'ezie n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.

228
00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:32,197
Nke a pụtara na mgbochi ahụ enweghị mmetụta ọ
bụla n'ahụike. Naanị ule PCR gosiri ọdịiche.

229
00:21:32,197 --> 00:21:34,190
N'ebe ahụ kwa, anyị na-akọwa ọghọm vaksin.

230
00:21:34,190 --> 00:21:42,580
A naghị eji sayensị gosipụta na ha dị irè
megide ọrịa. Ma iji tinye na nke ahụ, ka anyị kwuo:

231
00:21:42,580 --> 00:21:53,673
Ọ bụrụ na ị leba anya na ọrịa measles na whooping cough, ma ọ bụ
ọrịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ịgba mgbochi, ebe ọgwụ ọdịnala na-ekwu na

232
00:21:53,673 --> 00:22:04,159
ịgba mgbochi ewepụrụla ọrịa ndị a, ị nwere ike ịhụ n'eziokwu
na ọtụtụ afọ tupu ewebata mgbochi ọ bụla, ọnụọgụgụ gosiri na

233
00:22:04,159 --> 00:22:09,470
mbilite ọrịa ndị a amalitela ịda, ọ bụkwa na-ada nke ukwuu.

234
00:22:09,470 --> 00:22:15,775
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dịka ọrịa measles, ọnụọgụ mgbaàmà
dara ruo pasent 95 na Germany tupu ewebata mgbochi ahụ.

235
00:22:15,775 --> 00:22:19,350
Nke a pụtara na ọrịa ahụ n'eziokwu
agwụla mgbe ewebatara mgbochi ahụ.

236
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:24,173
Nke a pụtara na a pụghịkwa iwepụta mmetụta ọ bụla site na data a.

237
00:22:24,173 --> 00:22:28,244
Nke a bụ ihe kpatara anyị ji na-akọwa ọghọm n'ọgwụ
mgbochi ọrịa, dịka anyị si na-akọwa ọghọm n'ọmụmụ nje.

238
00:22:28,244 --> 00:22:36,033
Ma, n'otu aka ahụ, a na-ewerekwa ọtụtụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ
dịka ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ma dịkwa na-adịghị mkpa.

239
00:22:36,033 --> 00:22:37,900
Ma nke ahụ yiri aghụghọ.

240
00:22:37,900 --> 00:22:42,847
N'echiche gị, ọ̀ bụ na ndị ọkà ọrịa nje niile na
ndị na-eme nchọpụta ọgwụ bụ ndị aghụghọ na ndị ọjọọ?

241
00:22:42,847 --> 00:22:48,119
Mba, ọ bụghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla. Anyị
ga-atụlekwa akụkụ mmadụ mgbe niile.

242
00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:54,423
N'ihi na ndị a etinyela ndụ ha niile n'isiokwu a, n'ọmụmụ a.

243
00:22:54,423 --> 00:22:59,801
Ha na-eme mpụga, dịka a ga-esi kwuo ya n'Bekee, ma ọ bụ na-enwe
echiche mbu, ha nwere echiche mebiri emebi,

244
00:22:59,801 --> 00:23:04,330
ha enweghị ike iche echiche n'ụzọ mepere
emepe, ma ọtụtụ mgbe ndụ ha niile dabere na ya.

245
00:23:04,330 --> 00:23:10,009
Nke ahụ pụtara na ha nwere ezinụlọ, ha nwere ụmụaka na ihe ndị
yiri ya, ma ha nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ịbụ ndị na-enyocha.

246
00:23:10,009 --> 00:23:14,783
Ị ga-atụle nke ahụ mgbe niile; ọ naghị
eme ka ndị mmadụ bụrụ ndị ọjọọ n'onwe ya.

247
00:23:14,783 --> 00:23:17,983
Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus enweela
ike ịkpa ha ụta maka ịbụ ndị amaghị ihe.

248
00:23:17,983 --> 00:23:21,337
N'ihi na ha na-ajụ mgbe niile onyinye anyị ịgwa ha okwu.

249
00:23:21,337 --> 00:23:27,812
Mgbe ụfọdụ anyị na-enweta azịza maka ajụjụ e dere, mana ọ
bụghị mgbe niile, ọ dịkwa ezigbo, ezigbo sie ike ịbanye

250
00:23:27,812 --> 00:23:31,345
na mkparịta ụka sayensị na-enweghị mmasị onwe onye ebe ahụ.

251
00:23:31,345 --> 00:23:38,207
N'ezie, ị nwere ike ịkpọ ha ikpe maka nke ahụ, mana
agaghị m aga ruo n'ókè ikwu na dọkịta niile ma ọ bụ ndị

252
00:23:38,207 --> 00:23:42,345
ọkachamara niile na-amụ nje na ndị yiri ha na-eme ya n'echiche.

253
00:23:42,345 --> 00:23:50,001
Ọ bụkarị ụdị nchebe onwe onye,
nakwa amaghị ihe gbasara isiokwu a.

254
00:23:50,001 --> 00:23:56,573
Otú ọ dị, ndị kwadoro echiche nje virus na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị
mgbe ewebatara nhicha, dịka Ignaz Semmelweis si mee

255
00:23:56,573 --> 00:24:02,384
na ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na Robert Koch site
na echiche nje, ka ọrịa na-efe efe malitere ịbelata.

256
00:24:02,384 --> 00:24:07,470
Ị naghị etinye ihe ịga nke ọma ndị a
n'ihe ize ndụ ka e mee ha ọzọ site n'okwu gị?

257
00:24:07,470 --> 00:24:17,085
Ị ga-eme ka ihe dị iche mgbe niile. Ụzọ dịka ime ka nhicha dịkwuo
mma nwere ike inwe mmetụta n'eziokwu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihi na

258
00:24:17,085 --> 00:24:21,955
m na-ahapụ obere ihe mba n'ime mmerụ ahụ m ma ọ bụ n'ime ahụ m.

259
00:24:21,955 --> 00:24:26,447
N'ezie, ahụ na-emeghachi omume na uzuzu
si n'èzí, m ga-asị na ọ na-ebute mgbaji.

260
00:24:26,447 --> 00:24:28,884
Nke ahụ doro anya nke ukwuu, ma ọ dịkwa n'ezie.

261
00:24:28,884 --> 00:24:31,798
Ma nke ahụ apụtaghị na ọ metụtara nje virus.

262
00:24:31,798 --> 00:24:41,415
N'ọmụmụ nje virus, okwu ahụ doro anya: e nwere
obere mkpụrụ ndụ na-akpata ọrịa, nke bụ kpatara ha.

263
00:24:41,415 --> 00:24:46,548
Ma m ga-egosi ya n'ụzọ sayensị.
Enweghị m ike ịhapụ ya naanị otu ahụ.

264
00:24:46,548 --> 00:24:52,718
N'ezie, nhicha emeela ka ọnọdụ ka mma.
Otú ọ dị, nke a nwekwara nnukwu ókè.

265
00:24:52,718 --> 00:25:01,460
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge mgbasa ọrịa coronavirus, e mere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ,
dịka o siri dị na ọrịa influenza, ebe e nyochara ìgwè abụọ.

266
00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:04,890
Otu jiri usoro nchebe ahụike, nke ọzọ ejighị ya.

267
00:25:04,890 --> 00:25:07,890
Ma otu jiri mkpuchi ihu, nke ọzọ ejighị ya.

268
00:25:07,890 --> 00:25:18,577
Ma n'ime ọmụmụ RCT a na-akpọ "gold standard" niile, ebe
e nwere ìgwè abụọ naanị otu ihe dị iche, ị chọpụtara

269
00:25:18,577 --> 00:25:24,343
na ọgwụgwọ nhicha na mkpuchi imi enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla.

270
00:25:24,343 --> 00:25:28,914
Ụmụ ìgwè abụọ ahụ nwere mgbe niile
otu ọnụọgụ ndị ọrịa nwere mgbaàmà.

271
00:25:28,914 --> 00:25:36,763
Ya mere, enweghị ọdịiche dị mkpa n'ihe
gbasara ọnụọgụ. Nke a na-eguzogidekwa echiche a.

272
00:25:36,763 --> 00:25:41,468
Otú ọ dị, n'ezie a na-adụ ọdụ ka e mee nhicha nke ọma
ugbu a n'ahụ mmerụ mepere emepe, dịka m kwuru na mbụ.

273
00:25:41,468 --> 00:25:48,116
N'ihi na ahụ dị mma kacha mgbe enweghị ihe
mba ọzọ n'ime akwara. Nke ahụ doro anya.

274
00:25:48,116 --> 00:25:51,085
Ma mgbe ahụ, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme,
e nwekwara nnukwu mbọ ịkpata ọrịa.

275
00:25:51,085 --> 00:25:54,968
N'etiti agha ụwa, n'oge agha ụwa

276
00:25:54,968 --> 00:26:02,166
Ọ̀ bụghị nke a kpatara nkwubi okwu na,
n'ịgbakwunye na nje bacteria, e nwekwara ụzọ ndị ọzọ

277
00:26:02,166 --> 00:26:07,270
na-akpata ọrịa nke a pụrụ ịtụnye na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a?

278
00:26:07,270 --> 00:26:13,820
Ọfọn, n'eziokwu e nwere ọtụtụ mbọ
ịkpata ọrịa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.

279
00:26:13,820 --> 00:26:20,179
N'oge mgbasa ọrịa Spanish flu, ee, ma e mesịrịkwa na
ọrịa measles na ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ, influenza na ndị ọzọ.

280
00:26:20,179 --> 00:26:23,757
Ma ekwuru m na mbido na ha na-ada mgbe niile.

281
00:26:23,757 --> 00:26:31,039
Ya mere, ị gaghị enwe ike igosi na ị nwere ike ime ka ndị
mmadụ nweta ọrịa n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa. Ọ naghị arụ ọrụ mgbe niile.

282
00:26:31,039 --> 00:26:36,390
Ma n'oge a, ma ọ dịkarịa ala, mmadụ kwesịrị
ịmalite iche echiche ma tụlee na ihe ahụ apụghị ịdị mma.

283
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:41,929
Ndị dọkịta ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ nnyocha so na ọmụmụ ndị a na-ajụ
onwe ha ajụjụ a mgbe niile. Hei, kedu ka nke ahụ ga-esi mee?

284
00:26:41,929 --> 00:26:51,242
N'ebe a, anyị na-agbalị iji ọrịa ndị kacha gbasaa mee
nnwale, ma ọ naghị arụ ọrụ. Kedu ka nke ahụ ga-esi mee?

285
00:26:51,242 --> 00:26:57,978
Mgbe ahụ, n'ezie, okwu dịka "Ee, eleghị anya
nje ahụ adịghị etiti nke ọma, ma ọ bụ eleghị

286
00:26:57,978 --> 00:27:02,429
anya ndị a na-anwale nwere mgbochi" na-apụta.

287
00:27:02,429 --> 00:27:05,359
Ndị a niile bụ echiche ọma, enweghị ajụjụ gbasara ya.

288
00:27:05,359 --> 00:27:11,093
Otú ọ dị, eziokwu bụ na anyị enweghị ike igosi ọrịa n'ụzọ nnwale.

289
00:27:11,093 --> 00:27:17,015
Ma ị ga-ahapụ ka nke ahụ banye n'obi gị mbụ, ị
ga-ahapụ ka obi gị gbazie ya mbụ, ma ị ga-amata ya mbụ.

290
00:27:17,015 --> 00:27:27,218
Ma nke ahụ na-egosi na nkwupụta ahụ na-ekwu na anyị enweghị
ọrịa ọ bụla ebe a, ma na ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a.

291
00:27:27,218 --> 00:27:28,945
Ị nwere ike ịhụ nke ahụ na ọmụmụ mask ndị a.

292
00:27:28,945 --> 00:27:36,710
Ma ọ bụrụ na, dịka ọmụmaatụ, e ji maski FFP2 eme ihe
n'eziokwu, ma ọ bụ ma nje dị adị, mgbe ahụ ga-adị mmetụta.

293
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:39,929
Ma ọ bụ na mkpuchi ihu nlekọta ahụ ike
ga-enwe mmetụta, mana ha anaghị enwe ya.

294
00:27:39,929 --> 00:27:47,507
Nke a pụtara na anyị nwere nkwupụta ịjụ
sayensị nje n'ọtụtụ akụkụ na nnwale dị iche iche.

295
00:27:47,507 --> 00:27:55,100
N'ezie, ugbu a mmadụ nwere ike ịgbalịsi ike niile ya na akụrụngwa
niile iji mee ka ọ dị ndụ, nke a na-eme n'eziokwu, n'ihi na

296
00:27:55,100 --> 00:28:02,820
ọtụtụ ihe na-adabere na ya: ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adabere na ya,
nnukwu mmegharị akụ na ụba, ego na ihe ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ.

297
00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:11,080
Onye nwere ike iche na ọ bụrụ na nke a malitere ịda ada,
ga-enwe nnukwu ala mgbawa, nke mmadụ ga-achọ izere n'ụzọ eke.

298
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:18,826
Anyị chọrọ naanị igosi n'ụzọ sayensị na n'ụzọ eziokwu na e
nwere nnukwu nsogbu na nnukwu esemokwu mgbe ị na-eleba

299
00:28:18,826 --> 00:28:23,197
anya na sayensị ahụ, nke a adịghị anabata dịka onye sayensị.

300
00:28:23,197 --> 00:28:27,189
Dịka onye sayensị na-enyocha ihe
nke ọma, mmadụ apụghị ịnakwere nke a.

301
00:28:27,189 --> 00:28:33,869
Nke a pụtara na isi mmalite ndị ahụ dị otú ahụ na echiche a
adịghị n'ezie kwụsie ike. Ị gụrụ isi mmalite ndị a n'onwe gị?

302
00:28:33,869 --> 00:28:40,897
N'ezie, na Next Level, dịka m kwuru n'oge
na-adịbeghị anya, anyị enweela mkparịta ụka na ọtụtụ ụlọ

303
00:28:40,897 --> 00:28:44,866
ọrụ, karịrị 200 n'eziokwu, na ndị ọkà mmụta nje virus.

304
00:28:44,866 --> 00:28:54,609
Anyị mere ajụjụ ọnụ ma zipụ ajụjụ na Robert Koch Institute na
ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ niile n'ụwa nwere ihe ha ga-akọ na ngalaba a.

305
00:28:54,609 --> 00:29:02,025
Ma onye ọ bụla na-ekwenye na enweghị njikwa ọjọọ na
ihe nlele ahụike, na enweghị njikwa ọjọọ ọ bụla na

306
00:29:02,025 --> 00:29:06,874
nchọpụta usoro mkpụrụ ndụ. Ya mere, ha efunahụ kpamkpam.

307
00:29:06,874 --> 00:29:18,968
Eziokwu na a naghị eme nnwale ọrịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'ihi ihe
gbasara omume ọma, bụ naanị okwu ụgha eji echebe onwe ha.

308
00:29:18,968 --> 00:29:24,505
Ị nwere ike ime otu ihe ahụ na anụmanụ, dịka ị na-eme
mgbe niile na mgbochi ọrịa na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ma ihe

309
00:29:24,505 --> 00:29:27,515
ijuanya bụ na a na-eji ụkpụrụ omume eme mkparịta ụka ebe a.

310
00:29:27,515 --> 00:29:37,003
Ya mere, ị na-agbalị naanị ichebe onwe gị pụọ na nghọtahie ndị a,
ma onye na-enyocha nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọbụna onye nwere echiche

311
00:29:37,003 --> 00:29:43,835
sayensị ga-achọpụta ngwa ngwa na e nwere
nnukwu nsogbu ebe a n'ihe gbasara echiche sayensị

312
00:29:43,835 --> 00:29:47,610
na n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta kpatara na nsonaazụ.

313
00:29:47,610 --> 00:29:52,824
Ma ịlaghachi na onyonyo ndị a ebe a, na owuwu ndị a.

314
00:29:52,824 --> 00:29:59,223
E nwere ọrụ dị mkpa nke Karlheinz Lüdtke
si Max Planck Institute maka Akụkọ Sayensị.

315
00:29:59,223 --> 00:30:07,054
Ọ mụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ nke sayensị nje ma mechara chọpụta
na ihe onyonyo ndị a na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu, n'ihi na ha

316
00:30:07,054 --> 00:30:14,504
abụghị ihe onyonyo anya sitere na mikroskòp dịka anyị
si mara ha, kama n'eziokwu ha abụghị ihe onyonyo ọ bụla.

317
00:30:14,504 --> 00:30:18,019
N'ebe a, a na-eji mikroskòpụ eletrọnị.

318
00:30:18,019 --> 00:30:23,629
A ga-elekọta ihe nlele etinyere na igwe nyocha
eletrọn a, n'ime ụlọ ikuku efu, nke ọma nke ukwuu.

319
00:30:23,629 --> 00:30:31,012
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a ga-ekpuchi ha na ígwè ka ha wee nwee
ike iduga ọkụ eletrik, mgbe ahụ a ga-eme ka ha kpoo oyi ma

320
00:30:31,012 --> 00:30:34,949
ọ bụ debe ha n'etiti efere iko abụọ site na resin epoxy.

321
00:30:34,949 --> 00:30:44,268
Nke ahụ bụ nnukwu nrụgide n'anụ ahụ a, nke na-etinye
ya n'okpuru nrụgide ugbu a ma nwee ike ibute mgbanwe.

322
00:30:44,268 --> 00:30:50,287
Karlheinz Lüdtke si na Max Planck Institute
ekwukwara na e nwere nnukwu nsogbu, na ihe e kere

323
00:30:50,287 --> 00:30:53,613
eke na-apụta – nke ahụ ka a na-akpọ ha na sayensị.

324
00:30:53,613 --> 00:31:01,385
Ihe e mepụtara bụ naanị nsonaazụ ma ọ bụ
usoro ndị na-apụta naanị n'ihi ọnọdụ nnwale.

325
00:31:01,385 --> 00:31:07,344
Ma ndị a abụghị onyonyo; ha bụ ugbu eletrik
kọmputa gbanwere, nke a na-agbanwe site

326
00:31:07,344 --> 00:31:11,070
n'ihe mgbakọ ka ọ bụrụ onyonyo, dịka a ga-asị.

327
00:31:11,070 --> 00:31:16,434
Ma nke ahụ bụ nsogbu ọzọ. Nke a pụtara na,
n'ọnọdụ kacha mma, anyị na-eji ihe àmà

328
00:31:16,434 --> 00:31:19,875
na-adịghị ozugbo, ma anyị anaghị eji ihe àmà ozugbo.

329
00:31:19,875 --> 00:31:25,065
Ihe àmà ozugbo ga-adị: Enwere m onye ọrịa,
enwere m onye ahụ ike, m jikọtara ha ọnụ, ọ

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kpasara onye ọzọ ọrịa, o wee bụrụ onye ọrịa.

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00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:35,133
Ana m ewere nsị ọnụ ma ọ bụ nsị imi nke onye ọrịa,
nyefee nsị imi ahụ nye onye dị mma, onye ahụ wee daa ọrịa.

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00:31:35,133 --> 00:31:38,945
Nke ahụ ga-abụ ihe àmà kpọmkwem. Nke
ahụ anaghị eme na sayensị ọrịa nje.

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00:31:38,945 --> 00:31:47,141
Ọ bụrụ na ị mee nke ahụ, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ. Nke
ahụ bụ mkpesa kacha ibu gbasara nsogbu niile.

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00:31:47,141 --> 00:31:49,750
Ka anyị kọwaa nsonaazụ ahụ.

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00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:54,274
Sayensị na nchọpụta ga-eme nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ
na ha mee ka mkparịta ụka nọgide na-emeghe.

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00:31:54,274 --> 00:31:58,945
N'ihi na o nwere ike ịbụ na anyị na-arụsi ọrụ ike
n'okpuru nghọtahie ndị bụ isi, eleghị anya ọ bụghị

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00:31:58,945 --> 00:32:01,742
naanị na sayensị nje, kamakwa na isiokwu ndị ọzọ.

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00:32:01,742 --> 00:32:10,596
Ma nke ahụ ga-emebi, dịka ị kwuru, ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi
nke sayensị. Ee, n'ikpeazụ ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe nzuzu.

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00:32:10,596 --> 00:32:19,506
Ma nke ahụ ga-abụ, n'ezie, ọnọdụ anyị achọghị
ịnọ na ya, ebe anyị na-alaghachi n'oge

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ọchịchịrị mgbe a pụghị igosi ihe n'ụzọ doro anya.

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00:32:26,750 --> 00:32:28,456
Mista Haberland, daalụ maka ịgwa anyị okwu.

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00:32:28,456 --> 00:32:33,089
Achọrọ m ịnụ ihe ndị na-ege ntị ga-ekwu gbasara nke a.

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00:32:33,089 --> 00:32:39,272
Kla.TV na-egosipụta olu ndị na-emegide na-enweghị
nchịkwa ka anyị wee hụ ihe bụ eziokwu. Daalụ nke ukwuu.

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00:32:39,272 --> 00:32:43,089
Ee, daalụ maka ohere a kwa. Echere m na ọ dị oke mkpa.

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00:32:43,089 --> 00:32:47,628
Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ga-anụla ihe gbasara
isiokwu a, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha agaghị anụla ya.

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00:32:47,628 --> 00:32:53,307
Dị ka m kwuru na mbụ, ọ na-esiri ike
nke ukwuu ikwu maka isiokwu a n'ihu ọha.

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00:32:53,307 --> 00:32:57,581
N'eziokwu, ị na-enweta naanị ịjụ n'ebe
niile mgbe ịchọrọ ikwu maka isiokwu a.

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00:32:57,581 --> 00:33:04,206
Ya mere, ọ dị mma ikwu na a na-agbalị igbochi ozi a.

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00:33:04,206 --> 00:33:12,260
Ana m akpọ ndị na-ekiri ka ha nyochaa nkwupụta m
niile na weebụsaịtị anyị wissen-neu-gedacht.de.

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00:33:12,260 --> 00:33:21,432
Anyị ekpughere ọtụtụ mbipụta niile nwere akwụkwọ ozi
niile, isi mmalite niile, na ọtụtụ usoro ikpe n'ọhịa a.

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00:33:21,432 --> 00:33:31,219
Ee, anyị nwekwara ngwa Nexiqa ebe ị nwere ike nyochaa isiokwu
ndị a niile site n'iji usoro "ajụjụ na azịza" nke ChatGPT ma gụọ

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00:33:31,219 --> 00:33:36,572
akwụkwọ sayensị niile gbasara nje site n'enyemaka, dịka a ga-asị.

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00:33:36,572 --> 00:33:44,020
Kedu ka m ga-esi mata n'akwụkwọ bipụtara ahụ na
echefughị sayensị, e merụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ ọbụna

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00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:48,290
n'akwụkwọ ozi e zigara ndị ọkà mmụta nje na ndị ọzọ?

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00:33:48,290 --> 00:33:52,029
Ya mere, ị na-enweta ọtụtụ ozi ebe ahụ.

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00:33:52,029 --> 00:33:57,906
Ọ dị mma, ya mere ọ dị n'aka ndị na-ekiri ka ha nyochaa
eziokwu ndị ahụ n'onwe ha ma jụọ gị ajụjụ. Daalụ nke ukwuu.

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Daalụ gị kwa.