1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,992


2
00:00:00,992 --> 00:00:05,718
Kajeno re na le moeti ea sisinyang metheo ea saense ea bongaka.

3
00:00:05,718 --> 00:00:11,492
Motho ea ipolelang hore livaerase ha li eo. Kapa
bonyane hore ha ho na bopaki bo ka sebelisoang.

4
00:00:11,492 --> 00:00:16,075
Motho ea tummeng hampe ea ipitsang setsebi? Setsebi sa
liphiri se hlanyang kapa esita le mohlahlami oa nalane

5
00:00:16,075 --> 00:00:19,371
ea fetolang nalane ka tsela e feteletseng? Re tla bona.

6
00:00:19,371 --> 00:00:23,539
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse latelang li
hlalositsoe webosaeteng ea sethala sa hae sa Next Level:

7
00:00:23,539 --> 00:00:26,843
Re nka tsela ea ho botsa lipotso ka sebete le ho nahana bocha.

8
00:00:26,843 --> 00:00:34,776
Re hlahloba litaba tsa baeloji ea livaerase le tsa
bongaka ka pono e ncha, re supa likhohlano le ho batla bonnete.

9
00:00:34,776 --> 00:00:39,112
Lintlha-taba tsa rona li thehiloe ka tieo
mehloling e ka netefatsoang, 'me li fana ka

10
00:00:39,112 --> 00:00:42,320
motheo o tiileng bakeng sa lipuisano tse hahang.

11
00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:49,961
Re ntse re buletse maikutlo a macha 'me re khothaletsa
boitlhahlobo bo sa khaotseng saense." Mokhoa o motle!

12
00:00:49,961 --> 00:00:56,383
Ha re amoheleng 'muelli oa boralitaba oa Next Level, Monghali
Marvin Haberland, ka har'a studio sa Kla.TV. Rea u amohela!

13
00:00:56,383 --> 00:00:59,039
Thapama e monate, mme ke leboha haholo ka memo.

14
00:00:59,039 --> 00:01:02,710
E, nka thabela! Ka lehlakoreng le
leng, seo se utlwahala se kgahlisa haholo.

15
00:01:02,710 --> 00:01:07,639
Monghadi Haberland, takatso ena e hlompheha ebile e
na le thuso, empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, potso e

16
00:01:07,639 --> 00:01:10,841
hlaha: na e hlile e hlokahala mabapi le taba ya vaerase?

17
00:01:10,841 --> 00:01:15,557
Na potso ea vaerase ha e so rarolloe ka lilemo
tse fetang lekholo, 'me e pakiloe ka mokhoa o ke

18
00:01:15,557 --> 00:01:18,513
keng oa hanyetsoa ke liphuputso tse ngata-ngata?

19
00:01:18,513 --> 00:01:26,380
Hobaneng ho kgutlisetswa dintho morao, ha re ka rialo, jwalo
ka ha eka ho se na diphuputso tse tiileng tsa dikokwanahloko?

20
00:01:26,380 --> 00:01:32,869
E, ke potso e ntle. Haeba re sebelisa
litekanyetso tseo u li qapileng kapa u li balileng

21
00:01:32,869 --> 00:01:36,802
qalong ho lihlooho tsohle, re ke ke ra etsa mekhelo.

22
00:01:36,802 --> 00:01:45,171
Mme ha re sebedisa sena ho thuto ya dikokwanahloko mme re
hlahloba dingolwa tsa borathuto ba dikokwanahloko, re hlahloba

23
00:01:45,171 --> 00:01:51,797
mosebetsi wa bona le diphetho tse tswang thutong ya
dikokwanahloko, jwalo ka meriana, ente kapa

24
00:01:51,797 --> 00:01:59,084
ditlhahiso, bakeng sa bonnete ba saense, ho hlaha
mathata a matona a amanang le mokgwa wa saense.

25
00:01:59,084 --> 00:02:02,263
Mme ke sona seo re tlo bua ka sona kajeno.

26
00:02:02,263 --> 00:02:10,099
E, empa ha ho potang hore livaerase li ile tsa fumanoa 'me tsa
hlahisoa ho rona mecheng ea litaba le lingoliloeng tsa litsebi.

27
00:02:10,099 --> 00:02:17,123
Ke tlile le ditshwantsho tse mmalwa tsa vaerase ya bluetongue,
vaerase ya HIV, vaerase ya smallpox le vaerase ya corona.

28
00:02:17,123 --> 00:02:20,334
Ho thweng ka diphihlello tsena tse tlang pele?

29
00:02:20,334 --> 00:02:22,771
Ke bopaki bo hlakileng.

30
00:02:22,771 --> 00:02:32,223
Kahoo haeba o qala ka kgopolo-taba ya hore, mohlala,
batho ba babedi ba ka tshwaetsana, jwale ke tlameha ho

31
00:02:32,223 --> 00:02:37,880
etsa teko e tshehetsang kapa e tiisang kgopolo-taba ya ka.

32
00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:45,782
Mme ho saense ya dikokwanahloko, kgopolo ke hore dikarolwana tse
nyenyane di tlolela ho tloha ho A ho ya ho B, mohlala ka moya,

33
00:02:45,782 --> 00:02:50,201
mme dikarolwana tsena tse nyenyane di qetella di tshwaetsa motho.

34
00:02:50,201 --> 00:02:57,615
Sena se bolela hore ke tlameha ho paka ketane ena eohle
ea sesosa le phello e le hore ke tiise khopolo-taba ena.

35
00:02:57,615 --> 00:03:05,660
Leha ho le jwalo, ditshwantsho tsena ha di a etswa tekong kapa
tekanyetsong e jwalo. Ditshwantsho tseo le di bontshitseng mona

36
00:03:05,660 --> 00:03:13,449
di entswe ke ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko ha di etsa diteko
laboratori – eseng ho batho ka ho toba, empa ditekong tsa disele

37
00:03:13,449 --> 00:03:19,259
laboratori – ka ho nka disele, hangata tse
tswang ho dikgabo, ho tswa dithishung tsa diphio

38
00:03:19,259 --> 00:03:23,115
tsa tsona, ebe di a chefwa le ho hlokiswa dijo.

39
00:03:23,115 --> 00:03:30,701
Mme jwale ditshwantsho tsena di hlaha. Hape sena
se tsejwa e le phello ya cytopathic, hara tse ding.

40
00:03:30,701 --> 00:03:37,932
Empa nnete ke hore ha o pheta teko e tshwanang ka dithishu tse
phetseng hantle tsa diphoofolo tse phetseng hantle, kapa

41
00:03:37,932 --> 00:03:45,240
ha o sa kenyeletse disampole dife kapa dife tsa diphoofolo
tse kulang, o fumana ditshwantsho tse tshwanang hantle.

42
00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:51,459
Sena e ka ba seo ho saense ho tsejoang e
le teko ea taolo kapa taolo e fapaneng.

43
00:03:51,459 --> 00:03:56,964
Ha e le hantle, sena se reretsoe ho qhelela ka
thoko monyetla oa hore ebe ke tokisetso ea liteko

44
00:03:56,964 --> 00:04:00,201
laboratoring ea ka ka boeona e hlahisang sephetho sena.

45
00:04:00,201 --> 00:04:04,832
Seo se bolela hore haeba ke etsa teko hona
joale mme ke nka disampole tse phetseng hantle, ke

46
00:04:04,832 --> 00:04:07,248
tla fumana ditshwantsho tse tshwanang hantle.

47
00:04:07,248 --> 00:04:12,802
Empa litsebi tsa livaerase ha li etse joalo. Li etsa
teko e le 'ngoe feela, ebe li nka linepe tsa

48
00:04:12,802 --> 00:04:16,435
litšoantšo tsena 'me li re ke likokoana-hloko tse bakang mafu.

49
00:04:16,435 --> 00:04:23,097
Leha ho le jwalo, ha ba so bontshe, sa pele, hore
sena se etsahala feela ho batho ba kulang, mme sa

50
00:04:23,097 --> 00:04:26,553
bobedi, hore dibopeho tsena di hlile di baka lefu.

51
00:04:26,553 --> 00:04:34,380
Hobane mohatong o latelang, setšoantšo feela ha se bopaki
ba hore karoloana kapa sebopeho ke sona se bakang lefu.

52
00:04:34,380 --> 00:04:39,647
Nka bontša ntlo e senyehileng 'me ka re
tšenyo e bakiloe ke litšisinyeho tsa lefatše,

53
00:04:39,647 --> 00:04:42,708
empa setšoantšo se le seng se ke ke sa paka seo.

54
00:04:42,708 --> 00:04:46,599
Ho ka be ho bile le sesosa se seng se bakileng tshenyo.

55
00:04:46,599 --> 00:04:53,659
Seo se bolela hore kamora hore ke nke senepe sa setshwantsho
sena, se fumanehang feela ho batho ba kulang;

56
00:04:53,659 --> 00:04:59,950
ha ke fumane dihlopha tsena ho batho ba
phetseng hantle, ke ne ke tla tlameha ho di arola.

57
00:04:59,950 --> 00:05:05,736
Mme jwale, tekong e latelang, e fe
diphoofolo kapa batho ebe o bontsha:

58
00:05:05,736 --> 00:05:11,185
Aha, ba tla kula ka matšoao a
tšoanang hona joale ha nka ba fa meaho ena.

59
00:05:11,185 --> 00:05:13,833
Litsebi tsa baeloji tsa livaerase le
tsona ha li etse sena ka nako efe kapa efe.

60
00:05:13,833 --> 00:05:16,536
Ka hona, mosebetsi oohle o etswa feela ka laboratori.

61
00:05:16,536 --> 00:05:24,724
Lisele li chefoa, li bolisoa ka li-antibiotic joalo-joalo, ebe ho
hlaha litlamorao tsena, tse bitsoang litlamorao tsa cytopathic.

62
00:05:24,724 --> 00:05:29,553
Jwalokaha ho boletsoe, tsena di etsahala ka tsela e tshwanang
hantle, di sa kgethwe leha e le moseleng o phetseng hantle.

63
00:05:29,553 --> 00:05:34,927
Mme ho na le diphuputso tse ngata haholo tsa baeloji ya
dikokwanahloko le dingolwa tsa baeloji ya dikokwanahloko,

64
00:05:34,927 --> 00:05:40,444
haholoholo tse tswang matsatsing a pele a baeloji ya
dikokwanahloko ya sejwalejwale dilemong tsa bo-1940 le bo-1950,

65
00:05:40,444 --> 00:05:45,009
mme ka mora moo di phatlaladitswe makgetlo a sa
balweng, tse bolelang hore phello ena e boetse e

66
00:05:45,009 --> 00:05:48,087
etsahala ha ho sebediswa dithishu tse phetseng hantle.

67
00:05:48,087 --> 00:05:55,405
Mme ho tloha dilemong tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990,
ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko di ntse di qoba ho

68
00:05:55,405 --> 00:05:59,165
laola diteko tsena ka dithishu tse phetseng hantle.

69
00:05:59,165 --> 00:06:04,342
Seo ha se sa etswa. Ke bile le
dipuisano tse ngata mabapi le sena.

70
00:06:04,342 --> 00:06:10,731
Ka lebaka lena, ke kentse dikopo tse ngata
tlasa Molao wa Tokoloho ya Tlhahisoleseding.

71
00:06:10,731 --> 00:06:18,129
Lefats'eng ka bophara, machabeng, Robert Koch Institute, Public
Health Service England, naheng ea Italy, CDC naheng ea

72
00:06:18,129 --> 00:06:25,678
Amerika, Pasteur Institute naheng ea Fora, Univesithi ea
Melbourne naheng ea Australia, Doherty Institute, joalo-joalo.

73
00:06:25,678 --> 00:06:30,379
Bakeng sa dikokwanahloko tsohle tse ka bang teng,
maselese, SARS-CoV-2, HIV. Mme molaetsa o dula o tshwana:

74
00:06:30,379 --> 00:06:37,769
Che, ha re etse liteko tsa taolo kapa litekolo tse sa
atleheng ka thepa e phetseng hantle. Hantle-ntle ha ho etswe.

75
00:06:37,769 --> 00:06:45,734
Empa haeba ba tseba phapang ena, tlhaloso ea
bona ke efe? Joale ke hobane'ng ha ba sa e etse?

76
00:06:45,734 --> 00:06:49,840
Na ba re, "E, re se re rarollotse
taba eo ka bo-1940, ha re sa e hloka"?

77
00:06:49,840 --> 00:06:59,460
Hantle, likarabo lia fapana. Ka linako tse ling o utloa
hore ha ho na bokhoni ba ho phethahatsa liteko tsena.

78
00:06:59,460 --> 00:07:04,706
Hore o tsepamise maikutlo ka ho feletseng ditekong tse ntle.

79
00:07:04,706 --> 00:07:09,581
Seo e ne e le, mohlala, karabelo e
tswang Australia mabapi le SARS-CoV-2.

80
00:07:09,581 --> 00:07:18,732
Maemong a mang, jwaloka ho qhoma ha lefu la maoto le molomo ha
jwale Setsing sa Friedrich Loeffler, re ile ra bolelloa

81
00:07:18,732 --> 00:07:27,989
hore sena se ne se sa hlokehe, kaha mekgwa e meng, e sa
tobang, e ne e se e pakile hore sampole e na le vaerase.

82
00:07:27,989 --> 00:07:33,918
Mme tseo ke maikemisetso a
tlwaelehileng, nka re, ao o a utlwang kgafetsa.

83
00:07:33,918 --> 00:07:41,872
Leha ho le joalo, tsena ha di kgotsofatse ka tsa mahlale hape di
tlola mokgwa wa saense, o tlamang ditsebi tsohle tsa

84
00:07:41,872 --> 00:07:49,715
dikokwanahloko le mekgatlo yohle ho ya ka Karolo ya 1 ya
Molao wa Tshireletso kgahlanong le Tshwaetso wa Jeremane.

85
00:07:49,715 --> 00:07:53,896
Ho bolelwa hore bohle ba tlameha ho sebetsa
ho ya ka diphuputso tsa moraorao tsa mahlale.

86
00:07:53,896 --> 00:08:03,969
Mme Motheo wa Dipatlisiso wa Jeremane naheng ya Jeremane o
hlalosa melao ya mosebetsi wa saense bakeng sa borasaense bohle.

87
00:08:03,969 --> 00:08:11,064
Mme ho hlakile hore re tlameha ho etsa ditekolo tsa
taolo, kapa re hlahlobe mekgwa ya rona, le hore re tlameha ho

88
00:08:11,064 --> 00:08:14,828
ngola tsohle fatshe e le hore bohle ba ka di utlwisisa.

89
00:08:14,828 --> 00:08:19,256
Mme seo se tlolwa feela ka ho
feletseng ho saense ya dikokwanahloko.

90
00:08:19,256 --> 00:08:26,833
Empa ha o etsa diteko tsa taolo, jwalo ka ha rona ka bo rona re
se re phatlaladitse, mohlala, re phatlaladitse diteko tsa taolo

91
00:08:26,833 --> 00:08:34,232
moo o kenyang diantibiotiki tse tshwanang hantle tseo ditsebi tsa
dikokwanahloko di di sebedisang hodima disele tse phetseng

92
00:08:34,232 --> 00:08:40,138
hantle, o sebedisa mekgwa e tshwanang hantle ya ho
di bolaya ka tlala eo ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko

93
00:08:40,138 --> 00:08:43,445
di e sebedisang, mme o fumana diphello tsena hantle.

94
00:08:43,445 --> 00:08:49,241
Mme ehlile, sena se se se phatlaladitswe makgetlo a mmalwa nakong
e fetileng ke ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko ka botsona, empa jwalo

95
00:08:49,241 --> 00:08:53,958
ka ha ke boletse, re bua ka nako ho tloha dilemong tsa
bo-1940 ho isa ho tsa bo-1960 le bo-1970. Ho tloha

96
00:08:53,958 --> 00:08:57,313
dilemong tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990, sena ha se sa etswa ho hang.

97
00:08:57,313 --> 00:09:03,616
Re dula re bua ka dikokwanahloko. Hobaneng ho na le
di-antibiotic mehlaleng ena ya disele? Di etsang moo?

98
00:09:03,616 --> 00:09:07,086
E, eo hape ke potso ya bohlokwa haholo-holo le e ntle.

99
00:09:07,086 --> 00:09:14,438
Litsebi tsa livaerase li sebelisa li-antibiotic
litekong tsena tsa kholo ea lisele laboratoring hobane

100
00:09:14,438 --> 00:09:17,117
li batla ho bolaea likokoana-hloko kholong ea lisele.

101
00:09:17,117 --> 00:09:23,899
U batla ho thibela libaktheria kapa
likokoana-hloko tse ling ho ama teko.

102
00:09:23,899 --> 00:09:30,461
Ba batla feela likokoana-hloko, tseo ha e le hantle
li sa pheleng, e seng libopuoa tse phelang, ba

103
00:09:30,461 --> 00:09:34,235
batla feela hore likokoana-hloko tsena li be le phello.

104
00:09:34,235 --> 00:09:38,555
Mme ba batla ho batla ba felisa, ho
fedisa dibaktheria tsohle tse ding.

105
00:09:38,555 --> 00:09:44,932
Leha ho le jwalo, ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko hangata di
iphapanyetsa taba ya hore di-antibiotic ka botsona di beha

106
00:09:44,932 --> 00:09:48,547
kgatello e kgolo dithishung, hodima kotlo ena ya disele.

107
00:09:48,547 --> 00:09:56,294
Mme tshebediso ya di-antibiotic, hangata ho sebediswa tse pedi,
penicillin le streptomycin ka kopanelo, tse bakang kgatello ho

108
00:09:56,294 --> 00:10:02,997
temo ya disele, mme ka hona ho hlaha phello ena, e leng phello e
senyang disele (cytopathic effect), moo temo

109
00:10:02,997 --> 00:10:10,331
ya disele e qhibilihang ebe e rekisetswa rona
e le setshwantsho sa vaerase, ha re ka rialo.

110
00:10:10,331 --> 00:10:15,455
Hape ho na le lipolelo tse tsoang ho litsebi tsa vaerase tse
ngolisitseng lipuisano, ho kenyeletsa le tse tsoang mekhatlong

111
00:10:15,455 --> 00:10:17,855
e kang Friedrich Loeffler Institute, tse hlakisang hore:

112
00:10:17,855 --> 00:10:23,943
Sena se tsebahala haholo. Litsebi tsa livaerase li
tseba hore liantibiotiki li baka mathata liseleng

113
00:10:23,943 --> 00:10:27,530
tsa 'mele 'me li ka baka phello ena e senyang lisele.

114
00:10:27,530 --> 00:10:35,968
Mme ke ka lebaka leo, ho ya ka saense, motho a tlamehang ho
etsa teko ya papiso, moo sampole e phetseng hantle le yona e

115
00:10:35,968 --> 00:10:41,241
phekoloang ka di-antibiotic, mme le hona ha ho etswe le ka mohla.

116
00:10:41,241 --> 00:10:44,981
Sena se bolela hore le ka mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ka ho fetisisa
le ka li-scanning electron microscope tse

117
00:10:44,981 --> 00:10:48,640
hloahloa ka ho fetisisa, litlamorao tse tšoanang li ka
bonoa ho batho ba phetseng hantle le ba kulang.

118
00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:49,170
E.

119
00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:49,955
Ha ho phapang?

120
00:10:49,955 --> 00:10:53,453
Ha ho phapang, ha e kgethwe.

121
00:10:53,453 --> 00:10:58,207
Ho na le ntlha e 'ngoe eo Mokhatlo oa Lipatlisiso oa
Jeremane o e kopang, e sa sebelisoeng le ka mohla ho

122
00:10:58,207 --> 00:11:01,624
saense ea livaerase, 'me ke hore ho etsoe 'blinding'.

123
00:11:01,624 --> 00:11:10,221
Ha e le hantle ho bohlokoa hore litsebi tsa baeloji ea livaerase
laboratoring li se tsebe hore na ke sampole efe e tšoaelitsoeng

124
00:11:10,221 --> 00:11:18,216
le hore na ke efe, mohlala, e tsoang mohloling o phetseng hantle,
e le hore li se be le leeme kapa maikutlo a seng a thehiloe.

125
00:11:18,216 --> 00:11:21,732
Sena le sona ha se etswe nako efe
kapa efe lekaleng lohle la thutavairase.

126
00:11:21,732 --> 00:11:24,841
Sena se bolela hore ha e le hantle re na
le litlolo tse 'maloa tsa mokhoa oa saense.

127
00:11:24,841 --> 00:11:31,153
Tlhokeho ea liteko tsa taolo, tlhokeho ea litokomane tse
feletseng le tlhokeho ea ho pata lintlha, 'me sena

128
00:11:31,153 --> 00:11:35,950
sohle se lula se tlōloa – esita le ke Setsi sa Robert Koch.

129
00:11:35,950 --> 00:11:42,805
Mme jwalo ka ha ke boletse, ha se feela nyatso ya mokgwa wa
saense, empa re a tseba hore ha o etsa diteko tsena tsa

130
00:11:42,805 --> 00:11:47,300
taolo, sephetho se tshwanang se hlaha ka tsela e sa kgetholoeng.

131
00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:54,073
Hoo ke khanyetso e tobileng le bopaki ba bohata ba
thuto ea livaerase – bonyane mabapi le phello ena.

132
00:11:54,073 --> 00:11:57,830
Jwale re se re buisane ka ditshwantsho
tsena mona, e leng diteko tsa kgolo ya disele.

133
00:11:57,830 --> 00:12:02,817
Litsebi tsa livaerase ebe li nka mohato oa
bobeli, e leng ho latellanya jenomo, oo bashebelli ba

134
00:12:02,817 --> 00:12:05,713
bang ba ka 'nang ba se ba kile ba utloa ka oona.

135
00:12:05,713 --> 00:12:13,432
Ebe ho lekoa ho tsebahatsa jenoumo kapa
tlhahisoleseding ya lefutso ya vaerase.

136
00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:17,112
Sena sohle se etswa ho sebediswa
mohlala wa khomphutha, ha re ka rialo.

137
00:12:17,112 --> 00:12:20,440
Hona ke papiso feela ea khomphutha
e sebelisang mananeo a software.

138
00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:28,020
Ha e amane le tatellano ea sebele,
'me ha ho na tlhahlobo e etsoang mona.

139
00:12:28,020 --> 00:12:33,026
Mme hape o tla tlameha ho hlophisa ka tatellano kholo ea lisele
tse phetseng hantle e bakang hantle-ntle litlamorao tsena.

140
00:12:33,026 --> 00:12:37,555
Mme ka mohlolo, ha o etsa jwalo, o fumana
dijenome tse tshwanang, divairase tse tshwanang,

141
00:12:37,555 --> 00:12:40,112
le tsona kgasong ya disele tse phetseng hantle.

142
00:12:40,112 --> 00:12:44,934
Sena se bolela hore nka lekanya dikokwanahloko tsohle ho
tswa pokellong ya disele tse phetseng hantle tseo ke di

143
00:12:44,934 --> 00:12:47,768
tshetseng meriana ya dikokwanahloko mme ka di bolaisa ka tlala.

144
00:12:47,768 --> 00:12:51,034
Nka fumana HIV moo habonolo feela ka lenaneo la khomphutha.

145
00:12:51,034 --> 00:12:56,212
Nka fumana SARS-CoV-2 moo, hammoho le mefuta e mecha ea eona.

146
00:12:56,212 --> 00:13:04,872
Mme nka nolofatsa sena sohle le ho feta ka ho kenya
tsamaiso ena ya disele mehatong e meng e eketsehileng, jwalo ka

147
00:13:04,872 --> 00:13:09,424
PCR, moo ke atisang tsamaiso ena ya disele, ha re ka rialo.

148
00:13:09,424 --> 00:13:11,276
Seo se bolela hore ke atisa thepa feela.

149
00:13:11,276 --> 00:13:16,745
Sena se etsa hore ho be bonolo le ho feta hore lenaneo la
khomphutha le fumane le ho bala livaerase, ha re ka rialo.

150
00:13:16,745 --> 00:13:24,213
Mme re nyatsa sena sohle hobane re bona hore ha o ka se laola ka
kelello, jwalo ka ha ho lokela ho etswa ka

151
00:13:24,213 --> 00:13:31,142
saense, jwale re qhala le ho hanyetsa dipolelo
tse entsweng ke ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko.

152
00:13:31,142 --> 00:13:37,288
Mme – seo sohle se utlwahala eka se rarahane, kahoo o ka nna wa
hloka ho se mamela hape hang kapa habedi – empa jwale ho

153
00:13:37,288 --> 00:13:43,597
tla ntlha e bonolo le ya bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa, e
lokelang hape ho utlwahala e na le kelello ho bashebelli bohle.

154
00:13:43,597 --> 00:13:48,696
Ho sa natswe ditshwantsho tsena tseo re di bontshwang kgafetsa,
le ho sa natswe diteko tsa ho holisa disele le ho hlophisa

155
00:13:48,696 --> 00:13:52,074
dijini tsa khomphutha – ho sa natswe hoo ka ho feletseng:

156
00:13:52,074 --> 00:13:58,944
Liteko tsohle tsa tšoaetso tse kileng tsa etsoa nalaneng,
ke hore, ho kopanya batho ba phetseng hantle le ba kulang,

157
00:13:58,944 --> 00:14:02,385
ebang ke liphoofolo kapa batho, li hlotsoe. Kaofela ha tsona!

158
00:14:02,385 --> 00:14:08,290
Seo se bolela hore nako le nako ha ke leka ho kopanya
batho ba kulang le ba phetseng hantle mmoho tekong e

159
00:14:08,290 --> 00:14:11,754
laolehileng ho paka phetetso, ha ho mohla ho sebetsang!

160
00:14:11,754 --> 00:14:15,866
Mme hoo ke kganelo e nngwe hape e
tobileng ya thuto ya dikokwanahloko.

161
00:14:15,866 --> 00:14:23,983
E, mohlomong ka tsela e sa tobang. Empa o ke ke wa re
dikokwanahloko ha di bake mafu ha o bona ditshwaetso tsena.

162
00:14:23,983 --> 00:14:25,553
Ke bolela hore, o ka se bona ka phaposing ea borutelo.

163
00:14:25,553 --> 00:14:28,509
Ebe ngoana a le mong o a kula, e latelang le eena oa
kula, matichere a kula, halofo ea sehlopha e se na baithuti.

164
00:14:28,509 --> 00:14:31,992
Re sa tsoa boela ra ba le seo
hape. Seo se lokela ho etsahala joang?

165
00:14:31,992 --> 00:14:38,408
Haeba ho ka pakoa hore libaktheria ha li na letho ho
etsahala, empa ho na le matšoao ana a sa tobarelang ao hangata

166
00:14:38,408 --> 00:14:41,780
re tobanang le ona, empa a lulang a boela a hlaha khafetsa.

167
00:14:41,780 --> 00:14:47,735
Ke tliliniki e tloaelehileng e hlahang. U e hlalosa joang?

168
00:14:47,735 --> 00:14:52,886
E, ha re shebile lintho tsena, ho
hlaha likhopolo-taba tsa saense.

169
00:14:52,886 --> 00:14:55,892
Ka mohlala, hore hona joale ke
likaroloana kapa livaerase tse ntseng li hasana.

170
00:14:55,892 --> 00:14:59,799
Eo ke khopolo-taba e ntle haholo. Empa ha o e leka, ha e sebetse.

171
00:14:59,799 --> 00:15:02,697
Kahoo re hloka mehopolo e mengata, le likhakanyo tse ngata.

172
00:15:02,697 --> 00:15:05,713
Ehlile, re ile ra nahana ka sena haholo.

173
00:15:05,713 --> 00:15:10,650
Haeba e se livaerase, e ka ba eng? Kapa likokoana-hloko?

174
00:15:10,650 --> 00:15:19,445
Sena se re tlisa ka ho hlaka dintlheng tse kang phepo e
nepahetseng, ditšusumetso tsa tikoloho, chefo le ho pepesehela

175
00:15:19,445 --> 00:15:24,309
ditšusumetso tsa kantle, ho ya ka diphuputso tsa saense.

176
00:15:24,309 --> 00:15:32,999
Ehlile, mehloli ea mahlaseli, mabaka a kelello
le khatello ea maikutlo le tsona li ka nahanoa.

177
00:15:32,999 --> 00:15:40,504
Tsena kaofela ke lisosa tse ka netefatsoang
hantle haholo ka liteko, mohlala tekong efe kapa efe.

178
00:15:40,504 --> 00:15:48,231
Nka baka matšoao ka lijo feela. Nka baka maqhutsu ka chefo.

179
00:15:48,231 --> 00:15:51,050
Nka baka lihlahala ka liteko tsa mahlaseli.

180
00:15:51,050 --> 00:15:55,558
Nka bulela kapa nka tima matšoao ka ho tobetsa
konopo feela ha ke sebelisa liphetoli tsena.

181
00:15:55,558 --> 00:16:01,467
Sena se bolela hore re se re ntse re tseba ho hongata
ka matšoao a mangata, hore na re ka a hlahisa joang

182
00:16:01,467 --> 00:16:05,730
litekong, le hore na ke eng se a bakang, ha re ka rialo.

183
00:16:05,730 --> 00:16:12,232
E seng kaofela ha tsona, empa ke tse ngata haholo. Ke ka lebaka
leo re reng ho utlwahala haholoanyane ho tswela pele ka

184
00:16:12,232 --> 00:16:18,024
dipatlisiso sebakeng sena le ho etsa dipatlisiso tse sa
lekanyetswang moo, ho ena le ho tsepamisa maikutlo

185
00:16:18,024 --> 00:16:25,605
hodima sehlooho sena ka nako tsohle, se seng se
hanyetsitswe ka ho feletseng ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong.

186
00:16:25,605 --> 00:16:30,098
Sena se boetse se sitisa temohisiso e tebileng,
lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele, le tsebo e eketsehileng.

187
00:16:30,098 --> 00:16:41,392
Le hona ke ntho eo re e nyatsang ka matla, kaha e
fokotsa haholo moeli oa tsebo ho taba e seng e phetiloe.

188
00:16:41,392 --> 00:16:46,629
Na ke utlwisisa hantle? Ha se
dikokwanahloko kapa dibaktheria tse bakang tshwaetso?

189
00:16:46,629 --> 00:16:57,135
Ke nnete. Ho ea ka saense, haeba u etsa liteko tsena ka livaerase
kapa ka seo u reng ke livaerase, u ke ke ua paka tšoaetso.

190
00:16:57,135 --> 00:17:05,620
Empa le ha o etsa sena ka libaktheria, tseo o ka li bonang ka
sebonela-bobeli, ka hona li le teng kannete,

191
00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:13,729
leha ho le joalo, ha re ka arola libaktheria tsena,
ha re khone ho baka tshwaetso tekong e laolwang.

192
00:17:13,729 --> 00:17:20,942
Mohlala: Haeba ke nka salmonella kapa libaktheria tse ling tseo
ho thoeng ke tsona tse bakang matšoao a itseng,

193
00:17:20,942 --> 00:17:27,459
ha ke khone ho tšoaetsa kapa ho silafatsa
sebopuoa se phetseng hantle ka tsona. Ha ho sebetse.

194
00:17:27,459 --> 00:17:34,863
Motho o dula a hlokomela hore ha sebopuwa se phelang se se se
kula kapa se na le matshwao a bokulo, dibaktheria

195
00:17:34,863 --> 00:17:41,732
le tsona di ata hona moo ka nako e tshwanang, e
le phello e tsamaisanang le yona, ha re ka rialo.

196
00:17:41,732 --> 00:17:47,740
Empa seo ke, mohlala, ho etsetsa
moshebelli papiso, joaloka ntlo e tukang.

197
00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:54,256
Ha ke bona matlo a cha, hangata kapa hoo e ka bang
kamehla ke hlokomela hore ho na le batima-mollo moo.

198
00:17:54,256 --> 00:17:57,975
Seo se bolela hore kamano, tlatsetso, e phahame haholo-holo.

199
00:17:57,975 --> 00:18:03,521
Leha ho le jwalo, sena ha se paka hore
batimamolelo le bona e ne e le sesosa sa mollo.

200
00:18:03,521 --> 00:18:06,014
Li hlaha feela ka nako e le 'ngoe le mollo.

201
00:18:06,014 --> 00:18:11,107
Kahoo o tlameha ho ba hlokolosi haholo-holo ka
likokoana-hloko le libaktheria, 'me o li shebisise.

202
00:18:11,107 --> 00:18:16,717
Hore feela hobane li hlaha hammoho le
matšoao ha ho bolele hore ke tsona sesosa.

203
00:18:16,717 --> 00:18:21,401
Hobane, jwalo ka ha ke sa tswa bua, ha ke di
arola mme ke fa motho ya phetseng hantle ya sa

204
00:18:21,401 --> 00:18:23,566
kuleng dibaktheria, ha ho letho le etsahalang.

205
00:18:23,566 --> 00:18:32,838
Mme ha e le hantle, ke eona khanyetso ea hore mafu a
tšoaetsanoang ha a eo ho hang ka livaerase tse kang libaktheria.

206
00:18:32,838 --> 00:18:36,040
Empa hoo ho boetse ho kenyeletsa
diparasite le diboko. Ha ho sebetse le moo.

207
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:41,136
Ha o ka tšoaetsa batho ba phetseng
hantle ka tsela eo. Ha ho sebetse.

208
00:18:41,136 --> 00:18:44,705
E, empa ha re kgutlela boemong bona ka phaposing ya borutelo.

209
00:18:44,705 --> 00:18:52,080
Ha se bana bohle ba jang ntho e tšoanang. Ha se
bohle ba nang le maemo a bophelo a tšoanang hantle.

210
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:56,632
Ho ka etsahala joang, he, hore
kaofela ba be le matšoao a tšoanang?

211
00:18:56,632 --> 00:19:01,111
Kahoo, ha re re re na le matšoao a tšoanang sehlopheng:

212
00:19:01,111 --> 00:19:04,431
Sa pele, sena ha se ame bana bohle ka nako
tsohle, empa se ama ba seng bakae feela.

213
00:19:04,431 --> 00:19:09,713
Mme re tlameha ho batla moo re dumellanang
teng. Bana bohle ba ka phaposing e le nngwe.

214
00:19:09,713 --> 00:19:12,369
Kaofela ha tsona li na le lithuto tse tšoanang.

215
00:19:12,369 --> 00:19:15,635
Kaofela ha tsona di pepesehetse maemo a lehodimo a tshwanang.

216
00:19:15,635 --> 00:19:19,478
Kaofela ha bona ba pepesehetse maemo a
tikoloho a tšoanang ka phaposing ena.

217
00:19:19,478 --> 00:19:27,617
Mme seo se ka ba diphetolwa kapa mabaka a lekaneng,
tse neng di tla tlameha ho lekoa tekong e utlwahalang.

218
00:19:27,617 --> 00:19:34,750
Eo e ka ba mohato oa bobeli. Empa ha re
na khaello ea likhopolo-taba. Hantle-ntle.

219
00:19:34,750 --> 00:19:42,038
Empa haeba o re hore ho ba teng ha livaerase tsena tse bakang
mafu ha ho so pakoe le hore saense ha e le hantle

220
00:19:42,038 --> 00:19:49,436
ha e tsebe seo e se etsang kapa seo e se batlang,
mehato ea thibelo e kang liente e na le thuso e kae?

221
00:19:49,436 --> 00:20:00,475
E, li ka boela tsa ba le molemo le ntle le bopaki ba
livaerase haeba li ka bontša molemo tekong e utloahalang.

222
00:20:00,475 --> 00:20:05,832
Kahoo, ho sa tsotellehe hore na livaerase
li teng kapa che, ente e ntse e ka sebetsa.

223
00:20:05,832 --> 00:20:10,525
Empa ha ho joalo ha liteko li etsoa ka liente.

224
00:20:10,525 --> 00:20:17,000
Sa pele, boholo bo boholo ba diphuputso ka
meento le tsona ha di latele melao ya saense.

225
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,681
Sena se bolela hore bonyane re na le dihlopha tse pedi.

226
00:20:19,681 --> 00:20:24,165
E mong o fumana ente, e mong o fumana placebo e loketseng.

227
00:20:24,165 --> 00:20:30,179
Mme ka mora moo, ho hlahlojwa
setshwantsho se hlakileng sa maemo a bokulo.

228
00:20:30,179 --> 00:20:32,876
Ho ne ho le jwalo ka coronavirus,
mohlala, ka mekento ya coronavirus.

229
00:20:32,876 --> 00:20:35,915
Ho ile ha eloa hloko hore ho kenyeletsoe sehlopha sa placebo.

230
00:20:35,915 --> 00:20:41,689
Eaba o fuoa motsoako oa saline, o ka bo-ona
o neng o ke ke oa ba placebo e loketseng.

231
00:20:41,689 --> 00:20:48,584
Hobane placebo tekanyong e loketseng ea taolo e sa sebetseng e
lokela ho fapana le motsoako o sebetsang feela ka ntlha e le 'ngoe

232
00:20:48,584 --> 00:20:51,869
e fetohang, e le hore ntlha ena feela e fetohang e ka bonoa.

233
00:20:51,869 --> 00:20:53,931
Ka hona, e ka ba karolo ena e ata ka potlako.

234
00:20:53,931 --> 00:20:59,064
Mokelikeli oa letsoai o fapane le
ente ea 'nete ka liphapang tse makholo.

235
00:20:59,064 --> 00:21:01,580
Empa hoo ke taba e sele ka ho feletseng.

236
00:21:01,580 --> 00:21:06,197
Ho entsoe eng lithutong tsena tsa coronavirus bakeng
sa liente tsa coronavirus? Mohlala, BioNTech-Pfizer?

237
00:21:06,197 --> 00:21:11,501
Ka nako eo, batho ba ne ba lekoa feela ka liteko tsa PCR.

238
00:21:11,501 --> 00:21:14,705
Leha ho le jwalo, ha o bala dintlha tse
qaqileng tsa phuputso, o tla bona hore palo e

239
00:21:14,705 --> 00:21:16,962
tshwanang ya batho dihlopheng ka bobedi e ne e kula.

240
00:21:16,962 --> 00:21:21,119
Dithutong tsena, sena se bitswa
"diketsahalo tse belaellwang tsa Covid-19".

241
00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:22,770
Seo se bolela hore palo e batlang e lekana ya batho e ne e kula.

242
00:21:22,770 --> 00:21:26,220
Ho ne ho sa kgonehe ho etsa phapang ya
mofuta ofe kapa ofe tleliniking ka boyona.

243
00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:32,197
Sena se bolela hore ente ha e a ka ya ba le kgahlamelo efe kapa
efe ya bongaka. Ke teko ya PCR feela e bontshitseng phapang.

244
00:21:32,197 --> 00:21:34,190
Mme le moo, re nyatsa mekento.

245
00:21:34,190 --> 00:21:42,580
Ha ho so ka ha pakahala ka mahlale hore lia sebetsa
kgahlanong le mafu. Mme ho tlatseletsa moo, ha re ka rialo:

246
00:21:42,580 --> 00:21:53,128
Ha o sheba maselese le sefuba sa ho honyetsa, kapa mafu a mang a
amanang le liente, moo meriana e tloaelehileng e reng liente li

247
00:21:53,128 --> 00:22:01,781
felisitse mafu ana, o ka bona hore nnete ke hore nako e telele
pele liente li ka hlahisoa, lipalo-palo li

248
00:22:01,781 --> 00:22:09,470
bontša hore ho ata ha mafu ana ho ne ho se ho
ntse ho theoha, ebile ho ne ho theoha haholo.

249
00:22:09,470 --> 00:22:13,657
Maemong a mang, jwaloka ho sewa, palo ya batho ba neng ba
tshwaeditswe e ne e theohile ka hoo e ka bang diphesente

250
00:22:13,657 --> 00:22:15,775
tse 95 naheng ya Jeremane pele ente e qala ho sebediswa.

251
00:22:15,775 --> 00:22:19,350
Sena se bolela hore mafu a ne a se a
felile ka nako eo ente e neng e hlahisoa.

252
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:24,173
Sena se bolela hore le ho se
hlahise ditlamorao ho tswa datseng ena.

253
00:22:24,173 --> 00:22:28,244
Ke ka lebaka leo re nyatsang liente, feela
jwalo ka ha re nyatsa thuto ya dikokwanahloko.

254
00:22:28,244 --> 00:22:36,033
Hape, ka tsela, meriana e mengata e meng e
boetse e nkuoa e se na thuso ebile e sa hlokahale.

255
00:22:36,033 --> 00:22:37,900
Empa hoo ho utlwahala eka ke bomenemene.

256
00:22:37,900 --> 00:22:42,847
Ka maikutlo a hao, na litsebi tsohle tsa livaerase le
bafuputsi ba tsa bongaka ke baferefere le batho ba khopo?

257
00:22:42,847 --> 00:22:48,119
Che, ho hang. Re tlameha ho dula re nahanela le karolo ya botho.

258
00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:54,423
Hobane batho bana ba nehetse maphelo a
bona kaofela tabeng ena, phuputsong ena.

259
00:22:54,423 --> 00:22:59,754
Ba na le leeme, joalokaha ho ka thoe ka Senyesemane, kapa ba na
le kahlolo ea pele, ba na le pono e khelohileng,

260
00:22:59,754 --> 00:23:04,330
ha ba khone ho nahana ka bolokolohi, 'me
hangata bophelo bohle ba bona bo itšetlehile ka hona.

261
00:23:04,330 --> 00:23:10,009
Seo se bolela hore ba na le malapa, ba na le bana
joalo-joalo, mme ba kanna ba se na bokgoni ba ho nyatsa.

262
00:23:10,009 --> 00:23:14,783
O tlameha ho dula o hopola seo; ha ho
etse hore batho e be dikgopo ka boyona.

263
00:23:14,783 --> 00:23:17,983
Bo-ramahlale ba bangata ba baeloji ea
vaerase ba se ba ka qosoa ka ho hloka tsebo.

264
00:23:17,983 --> 00:23:21,337
Hobane ba dula ba hana ditshisinyo tsa rona tsa ho buisana.

265
00:23:21,337 --> 00:23:27,966
Ka nako e 'ngoe re fumana likarabo tsa lipotso tse
ngotsoeng, empa eseng kamehla, 'me ho thata haholo-holo ho

266
00:23:27,966 --> 00:23:31,345
ba le ngangisano e sa nkeng lehlakore, ea saense moo.

267
00:23:31,345 --> 00:23:38,272
Ruri o ka ba qosa ka seo, empa nna nke ke ka fihla
hole hoo ke reng lingaka kaofela kapa litsebi

268
00:23:38,272 --> 00:23:42,345
tsohle tsa livaerase joalo-joalo ba etsa sena ka boomo.

269
00:23:42,345 --> 00:23:50,001
Ke haholo mofuta oa boitšireletso,
hammoho le ho se tsebe ho itseng ka taba ena.

270
00:23:50,001 --> 00:23:55,724
Leha ho le jwalo, batšehetsi ba khopolo-taba ya vaerase ba pheha
kgang ya hore e bile feela ka ho hlahiswa ha bohloeki, mohlala,

271
00:23:55,724 --> 00:24:00,118
ke Ignaz Semmelweis lekaleng la mafu a basadi le
Robert Koch ka khopolo-taba ya dikokwana-hloko, moo

272
00:24:00,118 --> 00:24:02,384
mafu a tshwaetsanang a ileng a qala ho fokotseha.

273
00:24:02,384 --> 00:24:07,470
Na ka seo ha o be o ipeha kotsing ea hore katleho ena
e tla qhaqholloa hape ka lebaka la lipolelo tsa hao?

274
00:24:07,470 --> 00:24:14,954
O tlameha ho lula o etsa phapang. Mehato e kang bohloeki bo
ntlafetseng e ka ba le tšusumetso, mohlala,

275
00:24:14,954 --> 00:24:21,955
hobane feela ke kenya lintho tse fokolang tse sa
tloaelehang leqebeng la ka kapa 'meleng oa ka.

276
00:24:21,955 --> 00:24:26,447
Ehlile, 'mele o arabela litšila tse
sa tloaelehang ka ho ruruha, nka re.

277
00:24:26,447 --> 00:24:28,884
Hoo ho hlakile haholo, mme ho lokile.

278
00:24:28,884 --> 00:24:31,798
Empa seo ha se bolele hore e amana le livaerase.

279
00:24:31,798 --> 00:24:38,022
Thutong ea livaerase, polelo e hlakile
haholo: ho na le likaroloana tse nyenyane tse

280
00:24:38,022 --> 00:24:41,415
bakang mafu, 'me ke tsona sesosa sa 'ona.

281
00:24:41,415 --> 00:24:46,548
Mme ke tlameha ho paka seo ka
mahlale. Nke ke ka mpa ka tlohela taba moo.

282
00:24:46,548 --> 00:24:52,718
Ka sebele, bohloeki bo ntlafalitse maemo. Leha ho
le jwalo, sena le sona se na le meedi e meholo.

283
00:24:52,718 --> 00:24:58,141
Mohlala, nakong ea seoa sa coronavirus, ho ile ha etsoa
liphuputso tse ngata haholo, joalo ka ha ho bile le

284
00:24:58,141 --> 00:25:01,460
tšoaetso ea sefuba, moo ho ileng ha hlahlojoa lihlopha tse peli.

285
00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:04,890
E mong o ile a sebelisa mehato ea
bohloeki, e mong ha a ka a e sebelisa.

286
00:25:04,890 --> 00:25:07,890
Kapa e 'ngoe e ne e sebelisa limaske
'me e 'ngoe ha ea ka ea li sebelisa.

287
00:25:07,890 --> 00:25:16,093
Mme dithutong tsena tsohle tse bitswang maemo a hodimo tsa
di-RCT, moo ho nang le dihlopha tse pedi mme ho

288
00:25:16,093 --> 00:25:24,343
fapana feela ntlha e le nngwe, o fumana hore mehato
ya bohloeki le maske ha a na le tshusumetso ho hang.

289
00:25:24,343 --> 00:25:28,914
Dihlopha tsena tse pedi di ne di dula di na le palo
e tshwanang ya bakudi ba kulang ba nang le matshwao.

290
00:25:28,914 --> 00:25:36,763
Kahoo ho ne ho se phapang e bonahalang ka lipalo.
Mme seo se boetse se hanyetsa khopolo-taba ena.

291
00:25:36,763 --> 00:25:41,468
Leha ho le jwalo, bohloeki bo kgothaletswa hona jwale
bakeng sa maqeba a bulehileng, jwalo ka ha ke sa tswa bolela.

292
00:25:41,468 --> 00:25:48,116
Hobane 'mele o phela hantle ka ho fetisisa ha ho se na lintho
tse sa tloaelehang liseleng tsa oona. Seo se hlakile haholo.

293
00:25:48,116 --> 00:25:51,085
Mme jwale, nalaneng, ho bile le
maiteko ana a maholo a ho tshwaetsana.

294
00:25:51,085 --> 00:25:54,968
Pakeng tsa lintoa tsa lefats'e, nakong ea lintoa tsa lefats'e.

295
00:25:54,968 --> 00:26:02,282
Na sena ha se a ka sa lebisa qeto ea hore,
ntle le libaktheria, ho na le mekhoa e meng e

296
00:26:02,282 --> 00:26:07,270
bakang mafu e ka amanngoang le likaroloana tsena?

297
00:26:07,270 --> 00:26:13,820
Hantle, ha e le hantle ho bile le liteko
tse ngata tsa tšoaetso ho theosa le nalane.

298
00:26:13,820 --> 00:26:20,179
Nakong ea seoa sa feberu ea Spain, e, empa hape le hamorao ka
maselese le mafu a mang a mangata, feberu ea influenza le a mang.

299
00:26:20,179 --> 00:26:23,757
Mme ke se ke boletse qalong hore ba dula ba hloleha.

300
00:26:23,757 --> 00:26:31,039
Kahoo o ke ke wa ka mohla wa paka hore o ka tshwaetsa
batho ka mokgwa o laolehileng. Ha se kamehla e sebetsang.

301
00:26:31,039 --> 00:26:36,390
Mme ho tloha ntlheng ena, motho o lokela ho qala ho
nahana le ho hlokomela hore ho na le ho hong ho sa lokang.

302
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:39,972
Ka tlhaho, dingaka kapa basebeletsi ba diphuputso
ba neng ba kenetse diphuputso tsena ba ne ba dula

303
00:26:39,972 --> 00:26:41,929
ba ipotsa ka sena. Hei, seo se ka etsahala jwang?

304
00:26:41,929 --> 00:26:51,242
Mona, re leka ho sebedisa mafu a tshwaetsanang haholo ka
diteko, mme ha ho mohla ho sebetsang. Hoo ho ka ba jwang?

305
00:26:51,242 --> 00:26:56,324
Ebe, ehlile, ho hlaha dikgang tse kang "E, mohlomong
dikokwanahloko di ne di sa kopanngwa ka ho

306
00:26:56,324 --> 00:27:02,429
lekana, kapa mohlomong batho bana ba neng ba
lekoa ba ne ba na le masole a mmele a sireletsang"

307
00:27:02,429 --> 00:27:05,359
Tsena kaofela ke likhopolo-taba tse ntle, ha ho potso ka hona.

308
00:27:05,359 --> 00:27:11,093
Nnete, leha ho le jwalo, ke hore ha re
eso ka re kgona ho paka tshwaetso tekong.

309
00:27:11,093 --> 00:27:17,015
Mme o tlameha ho qala ka ho utlwisisa seo ka botebo, o tlameha ho
se monya pele, mme o tlameha ho qala ka ho hlokomela seo pele.

310
00:27:17,015 --> 00:27:27,218
Mme seo se hanyetsa qoso ea hore re na le tšoaetso efe
kapa efe mona ho hang le hore e sebetsa ka likaroloana tsena.

311
00:27:27,218 --> 00:27:28,945
U ka bona seo lithutong tsena tsa limaske.

312
00:27:28,945 --> 00:27:33,921
Haeba, mohlala, limaske tsa FFP2 li ne li
roaloa kannete, kapa haeba livaerase li ne li le

313
00:27:33,921 --> 00:27:36,710
teng, joale ho ne ho tla tlameha ho ba le phello.

314
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:39,929
Kapa limaske tsa bohloeki li ne li lokela
ho ba le phello, empa ha li e-na le eona.

315
00:27:39,929 --> 00:27:47,507
Sena se bolela hore re na le khanyetso ea thuto ea vaerase
ho tloha lintlheng tse fapaneng le litekong tse fapaneng.

316
00:27:47,507 --> 00:27:54,773
Ehlile, motho a ka leka ka matla ohle le mekhoa eohle ho e boloka
e phela, e leng seo ruri se ntseng se etsoa, hobane ho na le

317
00:27:54,773 --> 00:27:59,618
lintho tse ngata tse itšetlehileng ka eona,
indasteri e ngata e itšetlehile ka eona,

318
00:27:59,618 --> 00:28:02,820
phallo e kholo ea moruo, chelete joalo-joalo.

319
00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:07,526
Motho a ka nahana hore ha sena se ka qala ho
putlama, ho ne ho tla ba le tšisinyeho e kholo ea

320
00:28:07,526 --> 00:28:11,080
lefatše, eo ka tlhaho motho a neng a tla batla ho e qoba.

321
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:17,506
Mme re batla feela ho bontsha ka saense le ka ho se nkele
lehlakore hore ho na le mathata a maholo-holo le

322
00:28:17,506 --> 00:28:23,197
dikganyetsano tse kgolo-kgolo ha o sheba
saense eo, mme seo ha se amohelehe jwalo ka rasaense.

323
00:28:23,197 --> 00:28:27,189
Joaloka rasaense ea nang le maikutlo a
tebileng, motho a ke ke a amohela sena.

324
00:28:27,189 --> 00:28:33,869
Seo se bolela hore mehlodi e jwalo ka hore kgopolo ena ha
e na motheo o tiileng. Na o kile wa ipalla mehlodi ena?

325
00:28:33,869 --> 00:28:41,162
Hantle, ho Next Level, jwalo ka ha ke sa tswa bolela, re
ntse re ngollana le ditheo tse ngata, ha e le hantle tse

326
00:28:41,162 --> 00:28:44,866
fetang 200, ho kenyeletsa le ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko.

327
00:28:44,866 --> 00:28:50,810
Re ile ra etsa dipuisano mme ra romela dipotso ho
Robert Koch Institute le ditheong tse ding kaofela

328
00:28:50,810 --> 00:28:54,609
lefatsheng ka bophara tse nang le ho tlaleha ka taba ena.

329
00:28:54,609 --> 00:29:00,532
Mme bohle ba tiisa hore ha ho na litaolo tse fosahetseng ka
disampole tse phetseng hantle, hore ha ho na

330
00:29:00,532 --> 00:29:06,874
litaolo tse fosahetseng ho hang ho hlophiseng
tatelano ea jenomo. Kahoo li haella ka ho feletseng.

331
00:29:06,874 --> 00:29:14,428
Taba ea hore liteko tsa tšoaetso ha li etsoe,
ka mabaka a boitšoaro mohlala, ke khang e

332
00:29:14,428 --> 00:29:18,968
fosahetseng feela e sebelisoang e le boitšireletso.

333
00:29:18,968 --> 00:29:24,968
Le ka etsa ntho e tšoanang ka liphoofolo, joalokaha le etsa
ka linako tsohle ka liente le meriana e meng, empa se makatsang

334
00:29:24,968 --> 00:29:27,515
ke hore melao ea boitšoaro e sebelisoa e le khang mona.

335
00:29:27,515 --> 00:29:36,558
Kahoo o leka feela ho itšireletsa khahlanong le lihlotlano tsena,
mme mohlokomeli ea hlokolosi kapa esita le motho ea nang le

336
00:29:36,558 --> 00:29:43,720
monahano oa saense o tla hlokomela kapele hore ho
na le mathata a maholohali mona mabapi le kahlolo

337
00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:47,610
ea saense le hape kamanong ena ea sesosa le phello.

338
00:29:47,610 --> 00:29:52,824
Mme ho kgutlela ditshwantshong tsena, ho meaho ena.

339
00:29:52,824 --> 00:29:59,223
Ho na le mosebetsi o moholo oa Karlheinz
Lüdtke oa Setsi sa Max Planck sa Nalane ea Saense.

340
00:29:59,223 --> 00:30:06,354
O ithutile nalane ea pele ea thuto ea livaerase mme hape o
fihletse qeto ea hore litšoantšo tsena li baka mathata a maholo,

341
00:30:06,354 --> 00:30:11,513
hobane ha se litšoantšo tsa pono tse tsoang
ka har'a maekorosekope joalokaha re li tseba,

342
00:30:11,513 --> 00:30:14,504
empa ha e le hantle ha se litšoantšo ho hang.

343
00:30:14,504 --> 00:30:18,019
Mona, ho sebediswa maekorosekoupo ya eleketorone.

344
00:30:18,019 --> 00:30:21,735
Lisampole tse behiloeng ka har'a maikroskoupu
ena ea eleketorone, ka phaposing e se nang

345
00:30:21,735 --> 00:30:23,629
moea, li tlameha ho tšoaroa ka hloko e kholo.

346
00:30:23,629 --> 00:30:31,036
Ka mohlala, li tlameha ho koaheloa ka tšepe e le hore li ka
fetisa motlakase, ebe li tlameha ho hatsetsa kapa ho tiisoa

347
00:30:31,036 --> 00:30:34,949
lipakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa khalase ka epoxy resin.

348
00:30:34,949 --> 00:30:44,268
Hoo ke khatello e kholo haholo liseleng tsena, tse seng li
ntse li le tlas'a khatello, 'me hoo ho ka baka liphetoho.

349
00:30:44,268 --> 00:30:50,498
Karlheinz Lüdtke oa Setsi sa Max Planck le eena o hlokometse
hore ho na le mathata a maholohali, hore ho hlaha lintho tse

350
00:30:50,498 --> 00:30:53,613
entsoeng ka matsoho – ke kamoo li bitsoang kateng saenseng.

351
00:30:53,613 --> 00:31:01,385
Ditshwantsho ke feela diphetho kapa meaho
e hlahang feela ka lebaka la maemo a teko.

352
00:31:01,385 --> 00:31:07,478
Mme tsena ha se ditshwantsho, ke mekgwa ya
motlakase e fetotsweng ke khomphutha, ebe e fetolwa

353
00:31:07,478 --> 00:31:11,070
ka dipalo hore e be setshwantsho, ha re ka rialo.

354
00:31:11,070 --> 00:31:16,617
Mme eo ke bothata bo bong. Sena se bolela hore, maemong a
matle ka ho fetisisa, re sebetsana le bopaki bo sa

355
00:31:16,617 --> 00:31:19,875
tobang, empa le ka mohla ha re sebetsane le bopaki bo tobileng.

356
00:31:19,875 --> 00:31:25,071
Bopaki bo tobileng e ka ba: Ke na le motho ea
kulang, ke na le motho ea phetseng hantle, ke ba

357
00:31:25,071 --> 00:31:27,750
kopanya, e mong oa tšoaetsa e mong, ebe oa kula.

358
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:35,133
Ke nka mathe kapa makhopho ho motho ea kulang, ke fane ka
makhopho ana ho motho ea phetseng hantle, 'me motho eo o kula.

359
00:31:35,133 --> 00:31:38,945
Seo e ka ba bopaki bo tobileng. Seo ha se
etsahale le ka mohla ho saense ea livaerase.

360
00:31:38,945 --> 00:31:47,141
Ha o etsa jwalo, ha e sebetse. Mme ke
yona nyatso e kgolo ya taba ena kaofela.

361
00:31:47,141 --> 00:31:49,750
Kahoo, ha re akarelletse sephetho.

362
00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:54,274
Saense le dipatlisiso di ka etsa
hantle ka ho boloka dipuisano di butswe.

363
00:31:54,274 --> 00:31:58,758
Hobane ho ka etsahala hore re sebeletsa tlas'a
mehopolo e fosahetseng ea motheo, mohlomong eseng

364
00:31:58,758 --> 00:32:01,742
feela thutong ea vaerase, empa le lithutong tse ling.

365
00:32:01,742 --> 00:32:10,596
Mme seo, jwalo ka ha o supa, se ne se tla tlola metheo
ya saense. E, qetellong se ne se tla e fetola booatla.

366
00:32:10,596 --> 00:32:19,502
Mme hoo, ehlile, e ka ba boemo boo re sa batleng ho
iphumana re le ho bona, moo re khutlelang morao

367
00:32:19,502 --> 00:32:26,750
mehleng e lefifi moo lintho li sa ka ke tsa pakoa ka tieo.

368
00:32:26,750 --> 00:32:28,456
Monghadi Haberland, re a leboha ka ho bua le rona.

369
00:32:28,456 --> 00:32:33,089
Ke labalabela ho utlwa hore na bamamedi ba reng ka sena.

370
00:32:33,089 --> 00:32:39,272
Kla.TV e hlahisa mantsoe a sa thibeloe a
hananang e le hore re ka bona 'nete. Kea leboha haholo.

371
00:32:39,272 --> 00:32:43,089
E, kea leboha le ka monyetla ona
hape. Ke nahana hore ho bohlokoa haholo.

372
00:32:43,089 --> 00:32:47,628
Bashebelli ba bangata ka sebele ba utloile ho hong ka
taba ena, empa boholo ba bona ka nnete ha baa utloa.

373
00:32:47,628 --> 00:32:53,307
Mme jwalo ka ha ke se ke boletse, ho
thata haholo ho bua ka taba ena phatlalatsa.

374
00:32:53,307 --> 00:32:57,581
Ha e le hantle o fumana ho haneloa
hohle feela ha o batla ho bua ka taba ena.

375
00:32:57,581 --> 00:33:04,206
Ka hona, ho lokile ho bolela hore ho na le
maiteko a ho hatella tlhahisoleseding ena.

376
00:33:04,206 --> 00:33:12,260
Mme ke mema bashebelli ho netefatsa dipolelo tsa ka
kaofela webosaeteng ya rona wissen-neu-gedacht.de.

377
00:33:12,260 --> 00:33:17,651
Re phatlalalitse lingoliloeng tse ngata tse
nang le mangolo ohle a tsamaiso, mehloli

378
00:33:17,651 --> 00:33:21,432
eohle, le mekhoa e mengata ea makhotla tabeng ena.

379
00:33:21,432 --> 00:33:29,297
E, hape re na le app, Nexiqa, , moo o ka hlahlobang lihlooho
tsena kaofela o sebelisa mokhoa oa ChatGPT oa

380
00:33:29,297 --> 00:33:36,572
"potso le karabo" le ho bala lingoliloeng tsena
kaofela tsa virology ka thuso, ha re ka rialo.

381
00:33:36,572 --> 00:33:44,025
Nka tseba jwang hantle-ntle ho tswa phatlalatsong hore
saense e ile ya hlokomolohuwa, ya tlolwa, kapa hona ho

382
00:33:44,025 --> 00:33:48,290
dikorrespondenseng le ditsebi tsa dikokwanahloko jwalo-jwalo?

383
00:33:48,290 --> 00:33:52,029
Kahoo o fumana tlhahisoleseding e ngata moo.

384
00:33:52,029 --> 00:33:57,906
Ho lokile haholo, joale ho saletse bashebelli hore ba ikhlahlele
lintlha ka bo bona le ho le botsa lipotso. Ke leboha haholo.

385
00:33:57,906 --> 00:33:58,554
Kea leboha le wena.