WEBVTT

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Namuhla sinomuntu osisimemo
okududuzayo izisekelo zesayensi yezokwelapha.

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Umuntu othi amagciwane awekho. Noma
okungenani ukuthi akukho bufakazi obusebenzayo.

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Umuntu odume ngokuzazi konke? Umuntu ojulile
kwezokholo ongajwayelekile noma ngisho umuntu

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ofuna ukuguqula umlando ngokweqile? Sizobona.

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Lezi zindikimba ezilandelayo zibekwe
kuwebhusayithi yephulatifomu yakhe ethi Next Level:

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Sithatha indlela yokubuza ngesibindi nokucabanga kabusha.

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Sihlola izihloko zezivayirasi nezokwelapha ngombono
omusha, sithola ukuphikisana futhi sifuna ubuqiniso.

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Izimangalo zethu zisekelwe ngokuqinile emithonjeni
engafakazeka futhi zinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sengxoxo eyakhi.

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Sihlala sivulekile emibonweni emisha futhi sikhuthaza ukuhlola
okungapheli kwabantu ngokwabo kwesayensi. Indlela enhle!

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Masamukele umkhulumeli wezabezindaba we-Next Level,
uMnu. Marvin Haberland, esitudiyo se-Kla.TV. Siyakwamukela!

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Ntambama emnandi, ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokungimema.

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Yebo, ngiyafisa! Ngakolunye
uhlangothi, lokho kuzwakala kujabulisa kakhulu.

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Mnu. Haberland, lesi sifiso sihle futhi sisiza,
kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi kuvela umbuzo: ngabe

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kuyadingeka ngempela maqondana nodaba lwe-virus?

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Ingabe umbuzo nge-virus awuxazululwanga
iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu futhi

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awufakazelwanga ngokungangabazeki ngokucwaninga okuningi?

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Kungani sibuyisela isikhathi emuva, ngokomqondo,
sengathi bekungekho ucwaningo oluqinile lwezivayirasi?

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Yebo, lo mbuzo muhle. Uma sisebenzisa izimfuneko
ozibeke noma owazifundela ekuqaleni kuzo zonke

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izihloko, asikwazi ukwenza noma yiziphi izimangalo.

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Futhi uma sisebenzisa lokhu kuvayiroloji, sihlola izincwadi
zabavayiroloji, sihlola imisebenzi yabo futhi sihlola nemiphumela

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evela kuvayiroloji, njengemithi, ukugoma noma izincomo,
ukuze siqinisekise ubuqiniso bayo besayensi, khona-ke

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kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu ezihlobene nendlela yesayensi.

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Futhi yilokho esizoxoxa ngakho namuhla.

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Yebo, kodwa amagciwane awatholakali ngokungabazeki futhi asethulwe
kithi emithonjeni yezindaba nakuzincwadi ezikhethekile.

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Ngiletha izithombe ezimbalwa zomkhuhlane webluthongu, umkhuhlane
we-HIV, umkhuhlane we-smallpox kanye nomkhuhlane we-corona.

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Kuthiwani ngalezi zimpumelelo eziphambili?

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Lesi yisiqinisekiso esimnyama nomhlophe.

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Ngakho-ke uma uqala ngombono wokuthi, isibonelo,
abantu ababili bangathelelana, khona-ke kumele ngenze

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isivivinyo esisekela noma siqinisekisa umbono wami.

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Futhi kwezifundo ze-virology, kuthiwa amaqemela
amancane agxuma kusuka ku-A aya ku-B, isibonelo

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emoyeni, bese lawa maqemela amancane agcolisa umuntu.

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Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele ngifakazele lonke leli thambo
lobangela nemiphumela ukuze ngiqinisekise lesi sicabango.

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Nokho, lezi zithombe azizange zenziwe kulolu hlobo lokuhlola noma
lwesivivinyo. Izithombe ozibonise lapha zenziwe ngochwepheshe

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bezifo zezintwala abenza izivivinyo elabhorethri – hhayi
ngaphakathi komzimba ophilayo, hhayi kubantu, kodwa ekukhuleni

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kweziseli elabhorethri – ngokuthatha izicubu zeziseli,
ngokuvamile ezivela ezinkaweni, ezicubeni zezinso zezinkawu,

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bese bezibulala ngobuthi futhi bezihlupha ngokungazondli.

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Kanti-ke lezi zithombe zivela. Lokhu kwaziwa
nangokuthi umphumela we-cytopathic, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

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Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi uma uphinda ulinganiso olufanayo
ngezicubu eziphilile ezivela ezilwaneni

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eziphilile, noma uma ungafaki amasampula avela
ezilwaneni ezigulayo, uthola ngqo izithombe ezifanayo.

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Lokhu kungaba lokho okwaziwa kwisayensi
njengokuhlolwa kokulawula noma ukulawula okungaphansi.

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Lokhu empeleni kuhloswe ngakho ukuqeda ithuba lokuthi ukusethwa
kokuhlola elelebhorethri yami uqobo kudalela lo mphumela.

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Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ngenza isivivinyo manje futhi ngithatha
amasampula anempilo, ngizothola izithombe ezifanayo ngqo.

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Kodwa ososayensi bezifo zezintayekiso abakaze benze kanjalo.
Benza isivivinyo esisodwa kuphela, bese bethatha izithombe

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zalezi zithombe baze bathi ziyizintayekiso ezibangela izifo.

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Nokho, abakakombisi, okokuqala, ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka
ngokukhethekile kuphela kubantu abagulayo, futhi,

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okwesibili, ukuthi lezi zakhiwo empeleni zibangela lesi sifo.

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Ngoba esinyathelweni esilandelayo, isithombe sodwa asibonakaliso
sokuthi iphathikheli noma isakhiwo sibangela lesi sifo.

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Ngingakhombisa indlu eyonakele ngithi
umonakalo wawubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, kodwa

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isithombe sodwa asikwazi ukufakazela lokho.

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Kungenzeka ukuthi bekukhona esinye isizathu esibangele umonakalo.

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Lokho kusho ukuthi ngemva kokuthatha isithombe nokubonisa lesi
sithombe, esenzeka ngempela kuphela kubantu

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abagulayo; angikwazi ukuthola lezi zakhiwo kubantu
abaphilile, ngakho-ke kuzofanele ngihlukanise lezi zakhiwo.

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Kanti-ke, esivivinyweni esilandelayo,
unikeze izilwane noma abantu bese ukhombisa:

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Aha, bazogula ngezimpawu ezifanayo
manje uma ngibanika lezi zakhiwo.

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Noma ngabe kanjani, ochwepheshe
bezivayirasi nabo abakwenzi lokhu nhlobo.

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Ngakho-ke, yonke imisebenzi yenziwa kuphela elabhorethri.

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Izicubu zamangqamuzana ziyabulawa ngobuthi, zilambiswa
ngama-antibiotics nokunye, bese kuvela lezi zimphumela

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ezibizwa ngokuthi imiphumela ebilimaza amangqamuzana.

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Njengoba kushiwo, lezi zenzeka ngendlela efanayo
ngokuphelele, azihlukaneki ngisho nasemithanjeni enempilo.

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Futhi kunezifundo nezincwadi eziningi kakhulu zenzululwazi
yezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane, ikakhulukazi ezivela ezinsukwini

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zokuqala zenzululwazi yezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane yanamuhla
ngeminyaka yama-1940 nama-1950, futhi kamuva

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zashicilelwa kaningi kakhulu, ezisho ukuthi lo mphumela
uphinde wenzeke lapho kusetshenziswa izicubu eziphilile.

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Futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1980
nama-1990, ososayensi bezivayirasi bebelokhu begwema

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ukulawula lezi zivivinyo ngethishu enempilo.

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Lokho akusenziwa manje. Sengibe nezincoko eziningi ngalokhu.

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Ngale njongo, ngithumele izicelo eziningi
ngaphansi koMthetho Wenkululeko Yolwazi.

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Emhlabeni wonke, ngamazwe ngamazwe, iRobert Koch Institute,
iPublic Health Service England, e-Italy, iCDC

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eMelika, iPasteur Institute eFrance, iNyuvesi
yaseMelbourne e-Australia, iDoherty Institute, nokunye nokunye.

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Kuzo zonke izintuthu ezingaba khona, i-measles,
i-SARS-CoV-2, ne-HIV. Futhi umlayezo uhlale ufana:

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Cha, asenzi izivivinyo zokulawula noma izilawuli
ezingezinhle ngezinto eziphilile. Akwenziwa nhlobo.

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Kodwa uma beqaphele lo mehluko, incazelo
yabo iyini? Ngakho-ke kungani bengakwenzi?

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Ingabe bathi, "Yebo, sesixazulule
lokho ngeminyaka yama-1940, asisadingi"?

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Impendulo ziyahlukahluka. Kwesinye isikhathi
uzwa ukuthi akukho ikhono lokwenza lezi zivivinyo.

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Ugxila ngokuphelele ezilingweni ezinhle.

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Lokho kwakuyimpendulo, isibonelo,
evela e-Australia ku-SARS-CoV-2.

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Kwezinye izimo, njengokuvuka kwesifo somlomo nezinyawo okwamanje
e-Friedrich Loeffler Institute, sasitshelwa ukuthi

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lokhu akudingeki, njengoba ezinye izindlela,
ezingaqondile, sezibonise ukuthi isampula iqukethe igciwane.

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Futhi lezo izizathu ezivamile, ngingathi, ezizwa kaningi.

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Nokho, lezi azanelisi ngokwesayensi futhi ziphula indlela
yesayensi, okubalulekile kubo bonke ososayensi

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bezivayirasi nasezikhungweni ngokweSigaba 1
soMthetho Wokuvikela Ukusabalala Kwezifo waseJalimane.

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Kuthiwa wonke umuntu kumele asebenze
ngokwezitholokhono zesayensi zakamuva.

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Futhi i-German Research Foundation eJalimane ichaza
imithetho yomsebenzi wesayensi kubo bonke ososayensi.

08:03.969 --> 08:10.889
Futhi kucacile ukuthi kumele senze izilawuli ezingezinhle,
noma kunokho ukuthi kumele sihlolisise izindlela zethu, futhi

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kumele sibhale phansi konke ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukuqonda.

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Futhi lokho kuphulwa ngokuphelele kwezifundo ze-virology.

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Kodwa uma wenza izilawuli, njengoba thina uqobo sesishicilele,
isibonelo, sesishicilele izivivinyo zokulawula lapho ungeza ngqo

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lawo ma-antibiotic asetshenziswa ngabacwaningi bezivayirasi
ezintweni eziphilile, usebenzisa ngqo lezo

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zindlela zokubulala ngendlala ezisetshenziswa
ngabacwaningi bezivayirasi, khona-ke uthola ngqo le miphumela.

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Futhi, vele, lokhu kwashicilelwa kaningi esikhathini esedlule
ngabachwepheshe bezivayirasi ngokwabo, kodwa njengoba ngishilo,

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sikhuluma ngesikhathi kusukela ngeminyaka
yama-1940 kuya kwama-1960 nama-1970. Kusukela

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ngeminyaka yama-1980 nama-1990, lokhu sekungasenziwa nje.

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Sihlala sikhuluma ngamagciwane. Kungani kunama-antibiotics
kulezi zikhuliswa zamangqamuzana? Benzeni lapho?

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Yebo, lokho nakho kuyimbuzo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enhle.

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Ososayensi bezivayirasi basebenzisa
ama-antibiotic kulezi zivivinyo zokukhulisa amaseli

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elabhorethri ngoba bafuna ukuhlanza ukukhulisa kwamaseli.

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Ufuna ukuvimbela amabhaktheriya nezinye
izinambuzane ezincane ekuthonyeni isivivinyo.

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Bafuna kuphela amagciwane, angempela angaphili, awona izidalwa
eziphilayo; bafuna kuphela lawa magciwane ukuze abe nomphumela.

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Futhi bafuna cishe ukubhubhisa
ngokuphelele zonke ezinye izinambuzane.

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Nokho, ososayensi bezifo ze-virus bavame ukunganaki
ukuthi ama-antibiotics ngokwawo abeka ingcindezi

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enkulu ezicubeni, kulesi sikhala sokukhulisa amaseli.

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Futhi ukuphathwa kwamantibhayothikhi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa
amabili, i-penicillin ne-streptomycin ngokuhlangene, okubangela

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ukucindezeleka ekukhuleni kwamaseli, bese kuvela lo mphumela,
umphumela we-cytopathic, lapho ukukhulisa kwamaseli kuyaphela

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khona bese kuthengiswa kithi njengesithombe se-virus, ngokuthi.

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Kukhona futhi izitatimende ezivela kososayensi
bezivayirasi ekuxhumaneni, okuhlanganisa nezikhungo ezifana

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neFriedrich Loeffler Institute, ezichaza ngokusobala:

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Lokhu kuyaziwa kahle. Izazi zezivayirasi ziyazi
ukuthi ama-antibiotics awubangele izinkinga

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ezicubeni futhi angadala lo mphumela we-cytopathic.

10:27.530 --> 10:36.118
Futhi yingakho, ngokwesayensi, umuntu uphoqelekile
ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokulawula, lapho isampula enempilo nayo

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iphathwa ngama-antibiotics, futhi lokho nakho akwenziwa.

10:41.241 --> 10:46.076
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nangendlela zesimanje kakhulu kanye
nemayikroskopu ye-elekthronikhi yokuhlola ehamba phambili,

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imiphumela efanayo ingabonakala kubantu abaphilile nabagulayo.

10:48.640 --> 10:49.170
Yebo.

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Akukho umehluko?

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Akukho mehluko, akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa.

10:53.453 --> 10:57.824
Kukhona enye iphuzu i-German Research
Association elifuna ukusetshenziswa, elingakaze

10:57.824 --> 11:01.624
lisetshenziswe kwezifundo ze-virology, okuyi-blinding.

11:01.624 --> 11:09.243
Kubalulekile ngempela ukuthi ochwepheshe bezivayirasi
elabhorethri bangazi ukuthi isampula iyiphi ethathelwe igciwane

11:09.243 --> 11:15.559
nokuthi iyiphi, isibonelo, evela kumthombo
ophilile, ukuze bangabi nazo izimvo ezingalungile noma

11:15.559 --> 11:18.216
imibono esekelwe ekucabangeni kwangaphambilini.

11:18.216 --> 11:21.732
Lokhu futhi akwenziwa nhlobo kunoma
yisiphi isigaba se-virology jikelele.

11:21.732 --> 11:24.841
Lokhu kusho ukuthi empeleni
sinokwephulwa okuningana kwendlela yesayensi.

11:24.841 --> 11:31.161
Ukuntuleka kwezivivinyo zokulawula, ukuntuleka
kwemibhalo ephelele nokuntuleka kokufihla ulwazi, konke

11:31.161 --> 11:35.950
lokhu kuyaphulwa njalo – ngisho yiRobert Koch Institute.

11:35.950 --> 11:43.082
Futhi njengoba ngishilo, akuyona nje ukugxeka indlela
yesayensi, kodwa siyazi ukuthi uma wenza lezi zivivinyo

11:43.082 --> 11:47.300
zokulawula, umphumela ofanayo uvela ngokungahlukaneki.

11:47.300 --> 11:54.073
Lokho kuwukuphikisa okuqondile nokungamanga
kwe-virology – okungenani ngaleli phesheya.

11:54.073 --> 11:57.830
Manje sesixoxe ngalezi zithombe
lapha, izivivinyo zokukhulisa amaseli.

11:57.830 --> 12:02.713
Abachwepheshe bezivayirasi-ke bathatha
isinyathelo sesibili, okungukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-genome,

12:02.713 --> 12:05.713
abanye ababukeli abake bezwa ngakho ngaphambilini.

12:05.713 --> 12:13.432
Kwenziwa-ke umzamo wokuhlonza
i-genome noma ulwazi lwemfuzo lwesibola.

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Konke lokhu kwenziwa
kusetshenziswa imodeli yekhompyutha, singathi.

12:17.112 --> 12:20.440
Lokhu kuwukulingisa kwekhompyutha kuphela
okusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe.

12:20.440 --> 12:28.020
Ayihlangene nhlobo nokulandelana
kwangempela, futhi lapha akwenzeki ukuhlolwa.

12:28.020 --> 12:33.026
Futhi kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi ulandelanise
ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli anempilo okubangela ngqo le miphumela.

12:33.026 --> 12:40.112
Bheka-ke, uma wenza lokho, uthola ama-genome
afanayo namagciwane afanayo nakwisiko lamaseli anempilo.

12:40.112 --> 12:44.924
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukubala zonke
izivayirasi ekukhuleni kweziseli ezinempilo

12:44.924 --> 12:47.768
engizigcwalise ngama-antibiotics futhi ngazindla.

12:47.768 --> 12:51.034
Ngingathola i-HIV lapho kalula nje ngohlelo lwekhompyutha.

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Ngingathola i-SARS-CoV-2 khona,
kanye nezinhlobo zayo eziguquliwe.

12:56.212 --> 13:02.868
Futhi ngingakwazi ukwenza konke lokhu kube lula kakhulu ngokubeka
lesi sikhala samangqamuzana ezinye

13:02.868 --> 13:09.424
izinyathelo ezengeziwe, njenge-PCR, lapho ngikhulisa
khona lesi sikhala samangqamuzana, ngokuthi.

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Lokho kusho ukuthi ngiyaphinda nje impahla.

13:11.276 --> 13:16.745
Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu uhlelo
lwekhompyutha ukuthola nokubala amagciwane, ngokuthi.

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Futhi siyagxeka konke lokhu ngoba sibona ukuthi uma ukulawula
ngokuhlakanipha, njengoba kufanele kwenziwe

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ngokwesayensi, khona-ke siyaphikisa futhi
siyawuphikisa amazwi abalimi bezivayirasi.

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Futhi – konke lokhu bekuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho
kungenzeka kudingeke ukulalele kanye noma kabili futhi –

13:37.186 --> 13:43.597
kodwa manje kufika iphuzu elilula nelibaluleke kakhulu,
elifanele futhi libe ngokweqiniso ngokuphelele kubabukeli bonke.

13:43.597 --> 13:48.721
Ngaphandle kwalezi zithombe esihlala siziboniswa, nangaphandle
kwezivivinyo zokukhulisa amaseli kanye nokulandelana kwe-genome

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kukhompyutha – ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu:

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Yonke imivivinyo yokuthelelana eyake yafezwa
emlandweni, okusho ukuhlanganisa abantu abaphilile

13:58.613 --> 14:02.385
nabagulayo, noma izilwane noma abantu, yehlulekile. Zonke!

14:02.385 --> 14:08.012
Lokho kusho ukuthi noma nini lapho ngizama ukuhlanganisa
abantu abagulayo nabaphilile ndawonye ekuhlolweni

14:08.012 --> 14:11.754
okulawulwayo ukuze ngifakazele ukutheleleka, akusebenzi nhlobo!

14:11.754 --> 14:15.866
Futhi lokho nakho kuwukuphikisa okuqondile kwe-virology.

14:15.866 --> 14:23.983
Yebo, mhlawumbe ngokungaqondile. Kodwa awukwazi ukusho ukuthi
amagciwane awabangeli izifo uma ubona lezi zifo zokutheleleka.

14:23.983 --> 14:25.553
Ngisho, ungakubona ekilasini lesikole.

14:25.553 --> 14:28.509
Bese-ke ingane eyodwa igula, ingane elandelayo
igula, othisha bagula, ingxenye yekilasi ayigcwele.

14:28.509 --> 14:31.992
Sisanda kuphinda lokho futhi. Lokho bekufanele kwenzeke kanjani?

14:31.992 --> 14:38.522
Uma-ke kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi amabhaktheriya
awabandakanyeki, kodwa kunalokho kunezimpawu ezingacacile

14:38.522 --> 14:41.780
esivame ukubhekana nazo, eziphinde zibuye kaningi.

14:41.780 --> 14:47.735
Lena ikliniki evamile evela. Ungachaza kanjani lokho?

14:47.735 --> 14:52.886
Yebo, lapho sibona lezi zinto, kuvela izimfundiso zesayensi.

14:52.886 --> 14:55.892
Isibonelo, manje sekuyizitho ezincane noma amagciwane asabalala.

14:55.892 --> 14:59.799
Lena ingqikithi enhle kakhulu. Kodwa uma uyihlola, ayisebenzi.

14:59.799 --> 15:02.697
Ngakho sidinga imibono eminingi nezimfundiso eziningi.

15:02.697 --> 15:05.713
Impela, sicabangele lokhu kakhulu.

15:05.713 --> 15:10.650
Uma kungeyona amagciwane, kungaba yini? Noma amagciwane amancane?

15:10.650 --> 15:18.951
Lokhu ngokusobala kusiholela ezindabeni ezifana nokudla
okunomsoco, imiphumela yemvelo, ubuthi kanye nokuchayeka

15:18.951 --> 15:24.309
kwethu emithonjeni yangaphandle ehlobene nocwaningo lwesayensi.

15:24.309 --> 15:32.999
Impela, imithombo yokukhishwa kwemisebe,
izimbangela zengqondo kanye nokucindezeleka nazo kungenzeka.

15:32.999 --> 15:40.504
Lezi zonke izimbangela ezingafakazeka kahle
kakhulu ngokuhlolwa, isibonelo kunoma yiluphi uhlolo.

15:40.504 --> 15:48.231
Ngingadala izimpawu ngokudla kuphela.
Ngingadala amathumba ngezinto eziyingozi.

15:48.231 --> 15:51.050
Ngingadala amathumba ngokuhlola ngemisebe.

15:51.050 --> 15:55.558
Ngingavula futhi ngivali izimpawu
ngokuthinta inkinobho ngisebenzisa lezi ziguquguquko.

15:55.558 --> 16:01.401
Lokhu kusho ukuthi sesivele sazi okuningi
ngezimpawu eziningi, ukuthi singazidalela kanjani

16:01.401 --> 16:05.730
ekuhlolweni, nokuthi yini ebangela zona, ngokuthi.

16:05.730 --> 16:13.945
Akuyona yonke, kodwa iningi elikhulu. Yingakho sithi kunengqondo
ukuqhubeka nocwaningo kule ndawo nokwenza ucwaningo

16:13.945 --> 16:20.178
olungenamkhawulo lapho, kunokuba sigxile kulesi
sihloko ngaso sonke isikhathi, esiphikwe

16:20.178 --> 16:25.605
ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni.

16:25.605 --> 16:30.098
Lokhu futhi kuvimbela ukuqonda okwengeziwe,
ucwaningo olwengeziwe, nolwazi olwengeziwe.

16:30.098 --> 16:41.392
Lokho nakho siyigxeka kakhulu, ngoba kunciphisa
kakhulu umkhawulo wolwazi endabeni esivele yaphikwa.

16:41.392 --> 16:46.629
Ngiyakuqonda kahle? Akukho amagciwane
noma amabhaktheriya abangele lesi sifo?

16:46.629 --> 16:53.068
Kunjalo. Ngokwesayensi, uma wenza le
mivivinyo ngezivayirasi noma nalokho okuthiwa

16:53.068 --> 16:57.135
yizivayirasi, awukwazi ukufakazela ukutheleleka.

16:57.135 --> 17:05.692
Kodwa uma wenza lokhu ngamagciwane ongawabona ngempela ngaphansi
kwemayikroskophu, amagciwane akhona ngempela,

17:05.692 --> 17:13.729
noma kunjalo, uma siwahlukanisa la magciwane,
asikwazi ukubangela utheleleko ekuhlolweni okulawulwayo.

17:13.729 --> 17:20.325
Isibonelo: Uma ngithatha i-salmonella noma amanye amagciwane
athiwa ukuthi abangela izimpawu ezithile,

17:20.325 --> 17:27.459
angikwazi ukutheleleza noma ukungcolisa isidalwa
esiphilayo esinempilo ngawo. Akusebenzi ngaleyo ndlela.

17:27.459 --> 17:34.032
Kuhlale kubonakala ukuthi lapho isidalwa esiphilayo sesivele
sigula noma sibonisa izimpawu,

17:34.032 --> 17:41.732
amabhaktheriya nawo ayanda endaweni efanayo ngasikhathi
sinye, njengomphumela ohambisanayo, singathi.

17:41.732 --> 17:47.740
Kodwa lokho, isibonelo, kuwukudweba
isifaniso kumuntu obukayo, njengendlu evutha umlilo.

17:47.740 --> 17:54.256
Uma ngibona izindlu ezivutha umlilo, ngivame noma cishe ngaso
sonke isikhathi ngibona ukuthi kukhona nabacimi bomlilo lapho.

17:54.256 --> 17:57.975
Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhambisana, ukuhambisana kuphezulu kakhulu.

17:57.975 --> 18:03.521
Nokho, lokhu akufakazeli ukuthi
abacimi bomlilo nabo babengabangela umlilo.

18:03.521 --> 18:06.014
Zivela kuphela ngesikhathi esifanayo nomlilo.

18:06.014 --> 18:08.761
Ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele kakhulu kakhulu
ngezinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu

18:08.761 --> 18:11.107
namabhaktheriya, futhi ubheke ngokucophelela kakhulu.

18:11.107 --> 18:16.717
Ngenxa yokuthi zivela kanye
nezimpawu, akusho ukuthi ziyimbangela.

18:16.717 --> 18:23.566
Ngoba, njengoba ngisanda kusho, uma ngizihlukanisa bese nginika
amabhaktheriya kumuntu ophilile ongaguli, akwenzeki lutho.

18:23.566 --> 18:29.396
Futhi lokho empeleni kuwukuphikisa ukuthi
izifo noma ukutheleleka zikhona nhlobo ngenxa

18:29.396 --> 18:32.838
yezinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezifana namabhaktheriya.

18:32.838 --> 18:36.040
Kodwa lokho futhi kufaka phakathi
ama-parasite nezimbungulu. Akusebenzi lapho futhi.

18:36.040 --> 18:41.136
Awusoze uthelele abantu abaphilile ngaleyo ndlela. Akusebenzi.

18:41.136 --> 18:44.705
Yebo, kodwa sibuyela kulesi simo ekilasini.

18:44.705 --> 18:52.080
Akuzona zonke izingane ezidla okufanayo.
Azinazo zonke izimo zokuphila ezifanayo ngokuphelele.

18:52.080 --> 18:56.632
Kungaba kanjani-ke ukuthi bonke bathuthukise izimpawu ezifanayo?

18:56.632 --> 19:01.111
Ngakho-ke, lapho sithi sinazo izimpawu ezifanayo ekilasini:

19:01.111 --> 19:04.431
Okokuqala, lokhu akuthinti njalo zonke
izingane, kodwa kuthinta ezimbalwa kuphela.

19:04.431 --> 19:09.713
Futhi kumele sifune indawo esivumelana
kuyo. Izingane zonke zisekamelweni elilodwa.

19:09.713 --> 19:12.369
Bonke banezifundo ezifanayo.

19:12.369 --> 19:15.635
Bonke babhekene nezimo zezulu ezifanayo.

19:15.635 --> 19:19.478
Bonke babhekene nezimo zemvelo ezifanayo kule ndlu.

19:19.478 --> 19:27.617
Futhi lokho kungase kube neziguquko noma izizathu
ezanele, okufanele-ke nakanjani kuhlolwe ekuhlolweni okufanele.

19:27.617 --> 19:34.750
Lokho kungaba isinyathelo sesibili. Kodwa
asinankinga yokuntuleka kwezibikezelo. Impela.

19:34.750 --> 19:41.807
Kodwa uma uthi ubukhona balezi zintuthu ezibangela izifo
abukafakazeki nokuthi isayensi ngokuyisisekelo ayazi

19:41.807 --> 19:49.436
ukuthi yini eyenzayo noma ukuthi ifuna ini, zingasiza
kangakanani izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifana nokugoma?

19:49.436 --> 20:00.475
Yebo, bangasiza futhi ngaphandle kobufakazi bezinhlobonhlobo
zamagciwane uma bekubonisa inzuzo ekuhlolweni okufanele.

20:00.475 --> 20:05.832
Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amagciwane
akhona noma cha, umjovo wokugoma ungase usasebenza.

20:05.832 --> 20:10.525
Kodwa akwenzeki kanjalo lapho
kwenziwa izivivinyo ngemijovo yokugoma.

20:10.525 --> 20:17.000
Okokuqala, iningi elikhulu lezifundo
zokugoma nazo azilandeli imithetho yesayensi.

20:17.000 --> 20:19.681
Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinamaqembu okungenani amabili.

20:19.681 --> 20:24.165
Omunye uthola umuthi wokugoma, omunye uthola i-placebo efanele.

20:24.165 --> 20:30.179
Kanti-ke-ke kubhekwa isithombe esiphelele sokwelashwa.

20:30.179 --> 20:32.876
Kwaba kanjalo nge-coronavirus,
isibonelo, ngemijovo yokugoma i-coronavirus.

20:32.876 --> 20:35.915
Kwathathwa izinyathelo zokufaka iqembu le-placebo.

20:35.915 --> 20:41.689
Wabe esethola isixazululo se-saline,
esingeke sibe i-placebo efanele ngokwaso.

20:41.689 --> 20:48.804
Ngoba i-placebo ekulawulweni okungathí sina okufanele
kumele ihluke kuphela esithakweni esisebenzayo ngomkhombandlela

20:48.804 --> 20:51.869
owodwa, ukuze lo mkhombandlela kuphela ubonakale.

20:51.869 --> 20:53.931
Kuleso simo, kungaba yingxenye ye-viral.

20:53.931 --> 20:59.064
Isixazululo somunawu sihluke kwemijovo
yangempela ngezinguquko ezingamakhulu.

20:59.064 --> 21:01.580
Kodwa lokho kuwudaba oluhlukile ngokuphelele.

21:01.580 --> 21:06.197
Yini eyayenziwa kulezi zifundo ze-coronavirus mayelana
nemijovo yokugoma ye-coronavirus? Isibonelo, i-BioNTech-Pfizer?

21:06.197 --> 21:11.501
Abantu babesebhekwa nje ngokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.

21:11.501 --> 21:16.962
Nokho, uma ufunda umbhalo omncane wocwaningo, inani
labantu abagulayo emaqenjini womabili lalilingana.

21:16.962 --> 21:21.119
Kulezi zifundo, lokhu kubizwa
ngokuthi "amacala asolwayo e-Covid-19".

21:21.119 --> 21:22.770
Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe inani elifanayo labantu beligula.

21:22.770 --> 21:26.220
Bekungekho okwenzeka ukuhlukanisa lutho eklinikini yangempela.

21:26.220 --> 21:29.752
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umjovo wokugoma
awuzange ube nomphumela wezokwelapha nhlobo.

21:29.752 --> 21:32.197
Kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okwabonisa umehluko.

21:32.197 --> 21:34.190
Futhi lapho, nathi siyagxeka imijovo yokugoma.

21:34.190 --> 21:42.580
Akukaze kufakazwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ziyasebenza ekulweni
nezifo. Futhi, ukuze ngengeze kulokho, njengoba kungathiwa:

21:42.580 --> 21:52.110
Uma ubheka umkhuhlane we-measles nokukhwehlela okukhulu, noma
ezinye izifo ezihambisana nemijovo yokugoma, lapho imithi evamile

21:52.110 --> 22:00.890
ithi imijovo yokugoma isuse lezi zifo, ungabona ngempela ukuthi
isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwanoma yimuphi

22:00.890 --> 22:09.470
umjovo wokugoma, izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ukwenzeka
kwalezi zifo kwakusephansi kakade, futhi kwakwehla kakhulu.

22:09.470 --> 22:13.313
Kwezinye izimo, njengomkhuhlane wama-measles,
ukwenzeka kwawo kwehla ngamaphesenti

22:13.313 --> 22:15.775
angama-95 eJalimane ngaphambi kokwethulwa kokugoma.

22:15.775 --> 22:19.350
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo sasivele sanyamalala
ngempela ngesikhathi kwethulwa umjovo wokugoma.

22:19.350 --> 22:24.173
Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho
miphumela engalindelwa kule datha futhi.

22:24.173 --> 22:28.244
Yingakho sigxeka imijovo yokugoma njengoba sigxeka i-virology.

22:28.244 --> 22:36.033
Futhi, ngokungeziwe, imithi eminingi enye nayo
ibhekwa njengeyingasebenzi futhi engadingekile.

22:36.033 --> 22:37.900
Kodwa lokho kuzwakala cishe njengobugebengu bokukhohlisa.

22:37.900 --> 22:40.808
Ngokubona kwakho, ingabe bonke ososayensi
bezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane nabacwaningi

22:40.808 --> 22:42.847
bezokwelapha bangabakhohlisi nabantu ababi?

22:42.847 --> 22:48.119
Cha, nhlobo. Sihlala kumele sithathe
ingxenye yabantu ngokubhekwa futhi.

22:48.119 --> 22:54.423
Ngoba laba bantu banikele yonke impilo
yabo kulesi sihloko, kulolu cwaningo.

22:54.423 --> 23:00.832
Banobandlululo, njengoba umuntu angasho ngesiNgisi, noma
banobandlululo bengqondo, banombono ogobile, abakwazi ukucabanga

23:00.832 --> 23:04.330
ngokuvulekile, futhi kaningi konke ukuphila kwabo kuncike kukho.

23:04.330 --> 23:10.009
Lokho kusho ukuthi banemindeni, banezabantwana njalo
njalo, futhi bangase bangakwazi ukukhokhela ukuba nokugxeka.

23:10.009 --> 23:14.783
Kufanele njalo ukucabangela lokho; akwenzeki
ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi abantu babe izigebengu.

23:14.783 --> 23:17.983
Ososayensi abaningi bezivayirasi sebebekwa icala lokungazi.

23:17.983 --> 23:21.337
Ngoba bahlala benqaba iziphakamiso zethu zokukhuluma.

23:21.337 --> 23:27.729
Ngezinye izikhathi sithola izimpendulo ezicelweni zolwazi
ezibhaliwe, kodwa hhayi njalo, futhi kunzima kakhulu kakhulu

23:27.729 --> 23:31.345
ukubamba ingxoxo enembono engathathi hlangothi, yesayensi lapho.

23:31.345 --> 23:37.910
Ungabavungula ngalokho ngokuqinisekile, kodwa
angisoze ngithi bonke odokotela noma bonke

23:37.910 --> 23:42.345
ososayensi bezifo zezintuthu nokunye bakwenzela ngenhloso.

23:42.345 --> 23:50.001
Kuyindlela yokuzivikela, futhi
kunezinga lokungazi ngalesi sihloko.

23:50.001 --> 23:55.927
Nokho, abasekeli bethiyori yegciwane bathi kwaba kuphela
ngokwethulwa kwezokuhlanzeka, isibonelo ngu-Ignaz

23:55.927 --> 24:02.384
Semmelweis emkhakheni we-gynaecology noRobert Koch ngethiyori
yamagciwane, lapho izifo ezithathelana zaqala ukwehla.

24:02.384 --> 24:07.470
Awubeki yini engcupheni ukuthi lezi
zimpumelelo ziphinde zisuswe ngenxa yamazwi akho?

24:07.470 --> 24:15.152
Kufanele uhlale uhlukanisa. Izinhlelo ezifana nokuthuthukisa
ukuhlanzeka nakanjani zingaba nomthelela,

24:15.152 --> 24:21.955
isibonelo, ngoba ngivumela izinto
zangaphandle ezimbalwa enqeni yami noma emzimbeni wami.

24:21.955 --> 24:26.447
Impela, umzimba uphendula udaka
olungewona lwangaphakathi, ngithi ngokuvuvukala.

24:26.447 --> 24:28.884
Lokho kucacile kakhulu, futhi kulungile.

24:28.884 --> 24:31.798
Kodwa lokho akusho ngempela ukuthi kuhlobene namagciwane.

24:31.798 --> 24:41.415
Kwezifundo ze-virology, isitatimende sicacile kakhulu:
kunezinhlayiya ezincane ezibangela izifo, okuyimbangela yazo.

24:41.415 --> 24:46.548
Futhi kumele ngikufakazele
ngokwesayensi. Angikwazi nje ukukushiya lapho.

24:46.548 --> 24:52.718
Impela, izimo zokuhlanzeka sezithuthuke.
Nokho, lokhu nakho kunemikhawulo ebalulekile.

24:52.718 --> 24:58.239
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sobhubhane we-coronavirus,
kwenziwa izifundo eziningi, njengoba kwenzeka

24:58.239 --> 25:01.460
nange-influenza, lapho amaqembu amabili ahlolwe khona.

25:01.460 --> 25:04.890
Omunye wathobela izinyathelo
zokuhlanzeka, omunye akazange athobele.

25:04.890 --> 25:07.890
Noma omunye wayesebenzisa izimaski
kanti omunye wayengazisebenzisi.

25:07.890 --> 25:16.542
Futhi kuyo yonke le mibhalo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-RCT asezingeni
legolide, lapho kunezigaba ezimbili kuphela futhi okuguqukayo

25:16.542 --> 25:24.343
okukodwa kuphela okuhlukile, uthola ukuthi izinyathelo
zokuhlanzeka namamaski awazange abe nomthelela nhlobo.

25:24.343 --> 25:28.914
Zombili izinhlangothi zihlale zibe nenani
elifanayo leziguli ezigulayo ezinezimpawu.

25:28.914 --> 25:36.763
Ngakho-ke bekungekho umehluko obalulekile
ngokwezibalo. Futhi lokho kuphika le hypothesis.

25:36.763 --> 25:41.468
Noma kunjalo, njengoba ngishilo nje, ukuhlanzeka
kuyelulekwa manje uma kunezilonda ezivulekile.

25:41.468 --> 25:48.116
Ngoba umzimba uphilile kakhulu uma kungekho izinto
ezingaphandle kumatishu. Lokho kucacile kakhulu.

25:48.116 --> 25:51.085
Futhi-ke, ngokomlando, kube
nemivivinyo yokutheleleka ngosayizi omkhulu.

25:51.085 --> 25:54.968
Phakathi kwempi yezwe, ngesikhathi sempi yezwe.

25:54.968 --> 26:01.973
Ingabe lokhu akuzange kuholele esiphethweni
sokuthi, ngaphezu kwamagciwane, kukhona nezinye

26:01.973 --> 26:07.270
izindlela ezibangela izifo ezingabangelwa yilezi ziqephu?

26:07.270 --> 26:13.820
Empeleni, kube nemizamo eminingi yokutheleleka emlandweni wonke.

26:13.820 --> 26:17.849
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Spanish flu, yebo,
kodwa futhi kamuva ngesifo somkhuhlane we-measles

26:17.849 --> 26:20.179
kanye nezinye izifo eziningi, umkhuhlane nezinye.

26:20.179 --> 26:23.757
Futhi sengivele ngasho ekuqaleni ukuthi bahlala behluleka.

26:23.757 --> 26:31.039
Ngakho-ke awusoze ukwazi ukufakazela ukuthi
ungathelele abantu ngendlela elawulwayo. Akusebenzi njalo.

26:31.039 --> 26:36.390
Futhi kuleli phuzu, okungenani manje, umuntu kufanele ngempela
aqale ukucabanga nokuzindla ukuthi okuthile akunakuba kulungile.

26:36.390 --> 26:39.890
Odokotela noma abasebenzi bocwaningo ababambe
iqhaza kulezi zifundo ngokwemvelo bahlale

26:39.890 --> 26:41.929
bezibuza ngalokhu. Hey, kungaba kanjani lokho?

26:41.929 --> 26:51.242
Lapha sizama ukusebenzisa izifo ezithathelana kakhulu
ekuhlolweni, kodwa akusebenzi nhlobo. Lokho kungenzeka kanjani?

26:51.242 --> 26:57.807
Bese-ke, impela, kuvela izimpikiswano ezifana nalezi: "Yebo,
mhlawumbe amagciwane awazange agxilwe ngokwanele, noma

26:57.807 --> 27:02.429
mhlawumbe laba abahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa babe nokumelana nawo."

27:02.429 --> 27:05.359
Lezi zonke izimvo ezinhle, akukho mibuzo ngalokho.

27:05.359 --> 27:11.093
Iqiniso, nokho, ukuthi asikaze sikwazi
ukufakazela ukutheleleka ekuhlolweni.

27:11.093 --> 27:17.015
Futhi kumele ukuvumele ukuthi kungene kuqala engqondweni
yakho, kumele ukudigesthe kuqala, futhi kumele uqaphele kuqala.

27:17.015 --> 27:27.218
Futhi lokho kuphika isimangalo sokuthi sinayo
nhlobo imifo lapha nokuthi isebenza ngalezi ziqephu.

27:27.218 --> 27:28.945
Ungabona lokho kulezi zifundo zamamaski.

27:28.945 --> 27:36.710
Uma, isibonelo, izimaski ze-FFP2 zazigqokwa ngempela,
noma uma amagciwane bekekhona, bekuzoba nomphumela.

27:36.710 --> 27:39.929
Noma imaski zokuhlanzeka
bekufanele zibe nomphumela, kodwa azinayo.

27:39.929 --> 27:47.507
Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinokuphikisa ngobuvirusi
ezindaweni eziningi nangemivivinyo ehlukahlukene.

27:47.507 --> 27:54.949
Impela, manje umuntu angazama ngazo zonke izindlela namandla akhe
ukuyigcina iphila, okuyinto eqhubeka ngempela, ngoba

27:54.949 --> 28:02.820
okuningi kuncike kuyo: inani elikhulu lezimboni lincike
kuyo, ukujikeleza komnotho okuningi, imali nokunye okuningi.

28:02.820 --> 28:07.788
Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi uma lokhu kwaqala
ukuwohloka, kuzoba nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu,

28:07.788 --> 28:11.080
okungathi umuntu angakufuna ukugwema ngokwemvelo.

28:11.080 --> 28:18.838
Futhi sifuna nje ukukhombisa ngokwesayensi nangokungakhethi
ukuthi kunenkinga enkulu kakhulu nokuphikisana okukhulu lapho

28:18.838 --> 28:23.197
ubheka isayensi lapho, futhi lokho akwamukeleki njengososayensi.

28:23.197 --> 28:27.189
Njengososayensi ocwaningayo, akwenzeki ukwamukela lokhu.

28:27.189 --> 28:33.869
Lokho kusho ukuthi imithombo injalo kangangokuthi le thiyori
ayisekeleki ngempela. Ingabe nawe uqobo usuyifundile le mithombo?

28:33.869 --> 28:41.025
Kunjalo, eNext Level, njengoba ngishilo nje,
besixhumana nezikhungo eziningi, ngaphezu kuka-200 empeleni,

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kuhlanganisa nochwepheshe bezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane.

28:44.866 --> 28:50.810
Senze izingxoxo futhi sathumela izicelo zolwazi
eRobert Koch Institute nakuzo zonke ezinye izikhungo

28:50.810 --> 28:54.609
emhlabeni wonke ezinento okufanele ziyibike kulo mkhakha.

28:54.609 --> 29:00.389
Futhi wonke umuntu uqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izilawuli
ezingezinhle ezisampuleni eziphilile, ukuthi

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azikho nhlobo izilawuli ezingezinhle ekuhlelweni
kwe-genome. Ngakho-ke ziyawalahleka ngokuphelele.

29:06.874 --> 29:14.948
Iqiniso lokuthi izivivinyo zokutheleleka
azenziwa, isibonelo ngezizathu zokuziphatha, kuwuphawula

29:14.948 --> 29:18.968
olungenasisekelo olusetshenziselwa ukuzivikela.

29:18.968 --> 29:23.472
Ungenza okufanayo nezilwane, njengoba wenza njalo ngaso sonke
isikhathi ngemijovo yokugoma neminye

29:23.472 --> 29:27.515
imithi, kodwa ngokumangalisayo, izimiso
zokuziphatha zisetshenziswa njengempikiswano lapha.

29:27.515 --> 29:37.403
Ngakho-ke uzama nje ukuzivikela kulezi zingqubuzano, futhi umuntu
oqaphela kahle noma onomqondo wesayensi uzobona

29:37.403 --> 29:47.610
ngokushesha ukuthi kunenkinga enkulu lapha maqondana
nobufakazi besayensi kanye nobudlelwano bembangela nomphumela.

29:47.610 --> 29:52.824
Futhi ukubuyela kulezi zithombe lapha, kulezi zakhiwo.

29:52.824 --> 29:59.223
Kunomsebenzi omkhulu kaKarlheinz Lüdtke ovela
eMax Planck Institute for the History of Science.

29:59.223 --> 30:06.731
Ucwaningile umlando wokuqala we-virology futhi ufike esiphethweni
sokuthi lezi zithombe zibangela izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu,

30:06.731 --> 30:14.504
ngoba aziyona imifanekiso ebonakalayo evela kumayikroskophu
njengoba sizijwayele, kodwa empeleni aziyona nhlobo imifanekiso.

30:14.504 --> 30:18.019
Lapha kusetshenziswa imayikroskophu ye-elekthroni.

30:18.019 --> 30:23.629
Amasampula afakwe kulesi mikroskophu ye-elekthronikhi,
egumbini elingenamoya, kumele aphethwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.

30:23.629 --> 30:30.756
Isibonelo, kumele zigqokwe ngensimbi ukuze zikwazi
ukuhamba ugesi, bese kumele zipholiswe noma ziboshwe

30:30.756 --> 30:34.949
phakathi kwamapleyithi kwegilasi amabili nge-epoxy resin.

30:34.949 --> 30:44.268
Lokho kuwumthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kulesi sitho,
esivele sibekwe ingcindezi futhi kungaholela ekushintsheni.

30:44.268 --> 30:49.018
UKarlheinz Lüdtke waseMax Planck Institute uphinde waphawula
ukuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, nokuthi

30:49.018 --> 30:53.613
kwenzeka izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-artefacts –
yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-artefacts kwisayensi.

30:53.613 --> 31:01.385
Izinto ezitholakele ziyimiphumela noma
izakhiwo ezivela ngenxa yezimo zokuhlola kuphela.

31:01.385 --> 31:07.280
Futhi lezi aziyona izithombe; ziyizinkambo
zikagesi eziguqulwe yikhompyutha, ezibuye

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ziguqulwe ngokwezibalo zibe isithombe, singathi.

31:11.070 --> 31:16.410
Futhi yinkinga enye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi,
esimweni esihle kakhulu, sibhekana nobufakazi

31:16.410 --> 31:19.875
obungaqondile, kodwa asikaze sibe nobufakazi obuqondile.

31:19.875 --> 31:25.037
Ubufakazi obuqondile kungaba: nginomuntu ogulayo,
nginomuntu ophilile, ngibahlanganisa ndawonye,

31:25.037 --> 31:27.750
ogulayo uyatshwala omunye umuntu, bese yena egula.

31:27.750 --> 31:35.133
Ngithatha umjuluko noma umkhuhla kumuntu ogulayo,
nginika lo mkhuhla kumuntu ophilile, bese egula.

31:35.133 --> 31:38.945
Lokho bekuyoba ubufakazi obuqondile. Lokho
akwenzeki nhlobo kwezifundo zezivayirasi.

31:38.945 --> 31:47.141
Uma wenza kanjalo, akusebenzi. Futhi
yilokho ukugxekwa okuyinhloko kulesi simo sonke.

31:47.141 --> 31:49.750
Ngakho ake sifingqe umphumela.

31:49.750 --> 31:54.274
Isayensi nocwaningo kungaba kuhle ukugcina ingxoxo ivulekile.

31:54.274 --> 31:58.945
Ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sisebenza ngaphansi
kwemibono engalungile eyisisekelo, mhlawumbe hhayi kuphela

31:58.945 --> 32:01.742
kwezifundo ze-virology, kodwa nakwezinye izifundo.

32:01.742 --> 32:10.596
Futhi lokho, njengoba uphawula, kuzophula izisekelo
zesayensi. Yebo, ekugcineni kuzokwehlisa kube ubuphukuphuku.

32:10.596 --> 32:19.929
Futhi lokho, ngempela, kungaba isimo esingasifuni
ukuzithola kuso, lapho sibuyela ezikhathini ezimnyama lapho

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izinto zingakwazi ngempela ukufakazelwa ngokuqinisekile.

32:26.750 --> 32:28.456
Mnu. Haberland, siyabonga ngokukhuluma nathi.

32:28.456 --> 32:33.089
Ngiyazibuza ukuzwa ukuthi ababukeli bathini ngalokhu.

32:33.089 --> 32:39.272
Kla.TV ikhombisa amazwi aphikisayo angenasensela
ukuze sikwazi ukubona iqiniso. Ngiyabonga kakhulu.

32:39.272 --> 32:43.089
Yebo, ngiyabonga nangaleli thuba.
Ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu.

32:43.089 --> 32:47.628
Ababukeli abaningi ngempela bezwile okuthile ngalesi
sihloko, kodwa iningi labo ngempela abazukaze bezwe lutho ngaso.

32:47.628 --> 32:53.307
Futhi njengoba sengivele ngishilo, kunzima
kakhulu ukukhuluma ngalesi sihloko obala.

32:53.307 --> 32:57.581
Empeleni nje uthola ukwenqatshwa yonke
indawo uma ufuna ukukhuluma ngalesi sihloko.

32:57.581 --> 33:04.206
Ngakho-ke, kulungile ukusho ukuthi
kuyenziwa imizamo yokucindezela le mininingwane.

33:04.206 --> 33:12.260
Futhi ngimema ababukeli ukuthi baqinisekise zonke
izitatimende zami kuwebhusayithi yethu wissen-neu-gedacht.de.

33:12.260 --> 33:21.432
Siveze izincwadi eziningi ezinezinhlobonhlobo zonxibelelwano,
yonke imithombo, kanye nezinqubo eziningi zenkantolo kule ndawo.

33:21.432 --> 33:29.269
Yebo, sinayo futhi uhlelo lokusebenza, i-Nexiqa , lapho ungahlola
zonke lezi zihloko usebenzisa indlela

33:29.269 --> 33:36.572
ye-ChatGPT yokubuza nokuphendula futhi ufunde
yonke imibhalo yezivayirasi ngosizo, ngokuthi.

33:36.572 --> 33:44.094
Ngingasho kanjani ngokuqondile ekushicilelweni
ukuthi isayensi yaphathwa ngokunganaki, yaphulwa, noma

33:44.094 --> 33:48.290
ngisho nakokuxhumana nochwepheshe bezivayirasi nokunye?

33:48.290 --> 33:52.029
Ngakho-ke uthola ulwazi oluningi lapho.

33:52.029 --> 33:55.942
Kulungile kakhulu, ngakho-ke sekuphelele
kubabukeli ukuthi bahlolisise amaqiniso ngokwabo

33:55.942 --> 33:57.906
futhi bakubuze imibuzo. Ngiyabonga kakhulu.

33:57.906 --> 33:58.554
Ngiyabonga nawe.