I tīmata te pakanga i Vietnam i te tau 1945, i te wā i whakapuaki ai te rangatiratanga i raro i a Ho Chi Minh.
Ko Parani, te mana kolone o mua, i whakamātau ki te whakahoki anō i te whenua ki raro i tōna mana i
roto i te pakanga i tapaina ko Indochina (1946–1954).
He mea miharo tēnei, i te mea i hainatia e Parani – pērā i ētahi atu whenua maha, hei akoranga i akohia mai i te Pakanga
Tuarua o te Ao i ngaro ai ngā oranga e 60 miriona – te aukatinga a te UN i te whakamahi i te kaha i te 24 o Oketopa 1945.
E ai ki te Tuhinga 2: "Me karo ngā mema katoa i roto i ā rātou hononga ā-ao i te whakatumatuma, i te whakamahi rānei i te kaha
ki te whakangaronga i te kotahitanga whenua, i te rangatiratanga tōrangapū rānei o tētahi kāwanatanga, me ētahi atu huarahi
kāore e hāngai ana ki ngā whāinga o Ngā Motu Whakakotahi."
Heoi, nā te tautoko a te United States, i whawhai a Parani i te pakanga i muri mai i roto i te kotahi tau noa iho.
I te mutunga o te pakanga, i wehea te whenua ki Vietnam ki te Raki me Vietnam ki te Tonga, me te tūmanako kia whai
pōtitanga motuhake, kia whakakotahitia anō i te wā tata.
Heoi, i pakaru tēnei whakaaetanga – ā, mā te āwhina a te ratonga huna o Amerika, te CIA, i
whakatūria tētahi perehitini whakahē i Vietnam ki te Tonga.
Hei Katorika, i muri mai ka whakahaere ia i ngā mahi tino whakamataku ki ngā kaitautoko komonita o te
Perehitini o Vietnam ki te Raki, a Ho Chi Minh, me ngā Būdhita.
I mōhiotia whānuitia te āhuatanga puta noa i te ao, nā te tūpāpaku a tētahi mōni Pūtama i Saigon i te tau 1963.
I te 2 o Noema 1963, i patua e te CIA tana ake perehitini whakawhē.
I te 22 o Noema o taua tau ano, i patua hoki te Perehitini o Amerika, a John F. Kennedy.
I mua tata iho, i whakamahere ia kia tangohia katoatia ngā kaitohutohu o Amerika i Vietnam ki te Tonga.
He hononga?
I te marama o Oketopa i te tau 1963, kotahi marama neke atu i mua i tōna matenga, ka tīmata hoki a
Kennedy ki te tango i ngā hōia o Amerika i Vietnam.
I roto i tētahi tuhipoka ā-ture i te 11 o Oketopa 1963, i whakahau ia kia tangohia atu e te mutunga o
te tau te kotahi mano o ngā hōia Amerikana i Vietnam.
Robert McNamara, te Hekeretari Tiaki ā-Motu i roto i te kāwana a John F. Kennedy, i muri mai i kī ia mēnā kua ora tonu
a Kennedy, kua tangohia katoatia e ia a Amerika i Vietnam.
Heoi, mā tēnei kaupapa here i whakatupu riri a Kennedy ki te pūnaha hōia-ahumahi me ngā ratonga huna o Amerika.
Ko te whāinga o ēnei he whānui ake i te rangatiratanga o Amerika mā ngā pakanga whakaeke anō me
ngā whakaurunga hōia, tae atu ki Vietnam me Cuba.
Koinei tonu te take i tū ai te whakaeke ki Te Whanga o ngā Poaka i Kūba i te tau 1961 – engari kāore i angitu.
He whakahaere huna ā-hoia tēnei nā te CIA, hei whakakore i te Perehitini o Kūba, a Fidel Castro.
I muri iho, i whakakore a Kennedy i te Kaiwhakahaere o te CIA, a Allen Dulles, ā, i pānuitia e ia tana
hiahia ki te wetewete i ngā hanganga mana o roto i te CIA.
Ko tana whāinga kia whakahokia te CIA ki raro i te mana whakahaere tōrangapū.
I te rapu i te hunga i muri i te patunga a Kennedy, ka ara te ara, kāore e ruarua, ki te Ratonga Huna o Amerika.
Ka kōrero te hītoriāni Huitana a Dr Daniele Ganser:
Ki taku whakaaro, nā Allen Dulles i whakahau te patunga a Kennedy.
Ko Allen Dulles te kaiwhakahaere o te ratonga huna o Amerika, arā ko te CIA.
Ko Richard Bissell te kaiwhakahaere o ngā mahi huna i te CIA.
Ko ia te ringa matau o Allen Dulles. Ā, i whakakore ia i a rāua e rua.
I whakapono rāua ko Kennedy he tūraru haumarutanga mō te United States me ngā painga impēra o Amerika.
Nā te mea i whakaaro rātou, mēnā kāore ia e whakaeke, hei tauira, ki a Fidel, ki a Kūba rānei, mēnā kāore ia e
whakaeke ki a Wītanami, mēnā kāore ia e whawhai pakanga – kāore he rangatiratanga o Amerika i te ao.
I ngā haora ruarua i muri i te patunga o John F. Kennedy, i whakapuarehia a Lyndon B. Johnson hei
Perehitini hou o Amerika i runga i Air Force One.
Nā reira i piki a Johnson ki te tihi o ngā tōrangapū o Amerika me te kore i pōtiia.
I whakamutu a Johnson i te kaupapa rongo a Kennedy, ā, i ārahi ia i te United States ki te pakanga ki Vietnam ki te Raki.
I te tau 1968, neke atu i te 500,000 ngā hōia o Amerika i tū ki Vietnam.
I tino whai wāhi te CIA ki tēnei pakanga, ā, i whakahaere i ngā mahi huna tōrangapū me ngā mahi huna hōia maha.
Ko Allen Welsh Dulles te upoko o te CIA.
I a Dulles, ko tētahi o ngā tāngata tino whakapae i te patunga a Kennedy, i noho ia ki te komihana rangahau.
Ko ia rāua ko tōna tuakana, a John Foster Dulles, he hononga whānau ki a David Rockefeller, ā, ko rāua ngā
kaiwhakatū tahi o te Kaunihera mō ngā Hononga ā-Waho.
Ko Allen Dulles, he Freemason o te taumata 33, he mema hoki ia o te poari kaiwhakahaere
o te CFR mai i te tau 1927 ki te tau 1969.
Lyndon B. Johnson (Te Perehitini mai i te tau 1963 ki te tau 1969) He Freemason anō a Johnson.
I uru ia ki te Johnson City Lodge No. 561 i Texas i te tau 1937, ā, he mema hoki ia o te Janus Masonic Lodge.
I te 2 o Akuhata 1964, i puta he pakanga iti i ngā wai ā-rohe o Vietnam ki te Raki, i te Whanga o Tonkin, i
waenga i te kaipuke pakanga USS Maddox me ētahi poti tere o Vietnam ki te Raki i mau he pū māmā.
Engari i te pō o te 4 o Akuhata, i pānuitia e te Perehitini hou, a Johnson, kua pāngia anō te United States i taua rā.
Me whawhai anō rātou ināianei kia whiwhi ai i te rangimārie.
I ngā tau i muri mai, i Tihema 2005, i whakaae te NSA (Te Tari Haumarutanga ā-Motu, he tari mōhiohio o
Amerika) kua hangaia te aitua o Te Whanga o Tonkin.
Nā te mea kāore anō te USS Maddox i te rohe.
Nā rātou i whakaatu ko te Perehitini Johnson he tangata hara pakanga.
Kāore he hua i puta i tēnei, nā te mea ahakoa i ēnei rā, kei te hanga tonu, kei te whakapae rānei i ngā take mō te pakanga
– pērā i Irāka, Libia, Iugoslavia, Siria, Yemen me ērā atu.
Kei ngā wāhi katoa ngā whakatumatuma, ngā oati pakaru me ngā teka pāpāho.
Kaore e kawea ki te ture ngā hara pakanga e ora tonu ana, pērā i a Bush, Cheney rāua ko Colin Powell.
Kāore hoki i whakapae ā-ture a Amerika i te wāhanga whakamutunga, ahakoa kua takahia e rātou i ngā wā maha-nui te aukati
i te whakamahi i te kaha, i hainatia e rātou i te tau 1945.
Hoki ki te tau 1964:
I hora e ngā pāpāho ngā teka pakanga a te kāwanatanga o Amerika, nā reira i pana ai ngā Amerikana kāore
i te mōhio ki roto i tētahi pakanga whakangaromanga.
E toru miriona ngā Vietnamiana me te 58,000 o ngā hōia o Amerika i mate.
I puta ngā whakawhaipā, ngā whakakupu upoko, me te whakamāhēhē – pērā i ia pakanga.
Ko te mea motuhake, i taua wā, i taea e ngā kairīpoata nō tāwāhi te nekeneke noa.
I waihangatia e rātou ngā whakaahua tūturu o te pakanga kāore e kitea ana i ēnei rā.
Rānei kua kite rānei tātou i ngā whakaahua nō Afghanistan, nō Iraq rānei e whakaatu ana i a
Amerika me ngā whenua o NATO e mahi hara pakanga ana?
I taua wā, i whawhai a Amerika ki te napalm, he ranunga hinu piri e hua ana i ngā wharanga mura tino kino.
Ka pērā anō ki te matū whakakore rau, Agent Orange, i hua ai ngā hē tino kino i ngā whakatupuranga i muri mai.
I ngā tau i muri i te pakanga, i mate anō he 400,000 o ngā Vietnamiana nā reira. Whakatairite ki ēnei rā:
Kāore mātou e kite ana i ngā whakaahua i roto i ngā pāpāho matua i ēnei rā o ngā patu e tino kore-ā-tangata ana, pērā i te uraniama
kua pau, i whakamahia i ngā pakanga NATO mai i Īrakā ki Siria.
Engari ehara tērā i te katoa.
I te tau 1964, i whakaeke hoki a Amerika ki te whenua tata o Laos, ā, i whakaheke iho i te rua miriona tana pōro pahū.
Ka rite tērā ki te uta rererangi kotahi ia waru meneti mō iwa tau.
I te tau 1969, i whakaekea hoki a Kāmpōdia – i te tuatahi mā ngā rangitaki tuku rererangi
teka i kī ai e whawhai ana rātou ki Wīetnam.
I whakahaerehia ēnei pakanga toru hē kāore he whakahau a te UN, ā, i takahia te aukati a te UN mō te whakamahi kaha.
Mai i te tau 1967, nā ngā whakaahua o te pakanga me ngā pūrongo mai i Vietnam i whakapakari ake i te
nekehanga rangimārie a ngā hīpi me te nekehanga mō ngā tika ā-iwi i ārahi a Martin Luther King.
I whakapuaki hoki ngā whetū rongonui, pērā i te kaiwhawhai pōro a Muhammad Ali, i ā rātou whakahe i te āhua tino mārama.
Ka mea ia, "Kei te tukuna e ngā tāngata mā ngā tāngata pango ki te whawhai ki ngā tāngata kōwhai kia
tiakina te whenua i tāhaetia e rātou i ngā tāngata whero." .
Nō reira, i te mutunga, me whiriwhiri e Amerika he kirimana rangimārie.
I te tau 1975, i muri i te tekau mā tahi tau, i mutu te Pakanga o Vietnam.