WEBVTT

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Ihlobo lika-2025 lalingekasiqali, kodwa amajelo
eendaba ayesele elumkisa ngamaza obushushu,

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iimbalela, imililo yehlathi kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi.

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Isizathu soku kukutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwe
ngabantu ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 egqithisileyo.

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Yintoni inyaniso esemva kwezihloko ezifana nezi?

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Kwintetho eneenkcukacha, isazi nophando lwemozulu uNjingalwazi
Werner Kirstein ujongana nezona mpikiswano zixhaphakileyo

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malunga notshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa ngabantu, aze
abonise iimpikiswano eziphikisayo ezisoloko zingahoywa.

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Ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo esifutshane sezinye
zeengongoma eziphambili ezisuka kwintetho yakhe

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yase-AZK enesihloko esithi "Politogenic Climate Change".

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1. Ubushushu obungazange bubonwe?
Umgca wentsimbi yohockey wobuxoki!

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Ngoku ndiza kunibonisa imozulu, utshintsho
lwemozulu kule minyaka iyi-11,000 idlulileyo.

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Ungabona apha kwicala lasekhohlo ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-10,000
okanye eyi-11,000 eyadlulayo, ixesha

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lokugqibela elalibanda kakhulu, okanye ixesha
lomkhenkce njengoko lisaziwa kananjalo, laphela

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Kuye kwaba shushu, kwaza kwabanda kwakhona,
kwaza kwaba shushu, kwaza kwabanda kwakhona.

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Ngoko ke ibisiya isenyuka isihla ngolu hlobo ixesha elide.

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Emva koko kwabakho olunye ixesha lokubanda okukhulu
elincinci, ngekhulu le-17/18, xa kwaphinda kwabanda, kodwa

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kungekho kangako njengaxa kwakukho amaxesha amakhulu okubanda.

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Kwaye emva koko, sisandul'
ukuphuma kweli xesha lincinci lengqele.

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Oku kuthetha ukuba xa siphuma kwixesha elikhulu okanye elincinci
lokubanda kakhulu, ngokwendalo kufuneka kube shushu ngakumbi.

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Ndivile impikiswano: "Ewe, kodwa sele kushushu!"

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– Ewe, ndicela, sele kufudumele ngokwendalo.

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Kwaye namhlanje sifikelele esiphelweni kanye.

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Kwaye isayensi yemozulu isinika ntoni? Umgca ongaphantsi.

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Mhlawumbi nonke niyakhumbula umgca we-hockey
stick owawusasazwa nguM. Mann ngelo xesha.

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Ewe, ipropaganda ilungile, ibiyipropaganda nje.

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Uyabona, bafike bayigcina imozulu ingatshintshi
ukusukela kunyaka ka-1000 ukuya phambili, ku-1200,

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1400, 1600, njalo njalo, ayizange itshintshe kakhulu.

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Ewe, ungayibona ikhwele ngokwayo apha ngasentla.

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Ngoko ke, siqhathekile, masithi.

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2. Iimodeli zemozulu ziyaphikisana nenyaniso

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Ndingathanda ukucaphula kwakhona uNjing. Hans von
Storch, ongumxhasi wotshintsho lwemozulu nalowo uluxhasayo:

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" 'Sijongene nemfihlakalo' – ngo-2013, oko
kwakukwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo ngoku – 'amaqondo

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obushushu akakhange anyuke kangangeminyaka eyi-15.'"

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Ewe

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Ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungayeka kwakhona
iminyaka emihlanu, kungakho impazamo esisiseko

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kwiimodeli kwaye iqikelelo kuya kufuneka lilungiswe.

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Ikhwelo lesithathu laseMauna Loa:

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I-CO2 njengimbangela yokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu?

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Impazamo esisiseko kukuba iimodeli zemozulu
zisoloko zithatha i-CO2 njengento eqinisekileyo.

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I-CO2 inoxanduva lokufudumala kwehlabathi.

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Kwaye ukuba sijonga le curve, kancinci phaya, ungabona ukuba
iqondo lobushushu linyukile kakhulu kule minyaka

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ingama-25 idlulileyo, kwaye kwanjalo nomlinganiselo we-CO2
– i-curve edumileyo yaseMauna Loa – zombini zinyukile.

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Kwaye kulapho ke ibali lonke lavela
khona ngeminyaka yoo-1980, xa abantu bathi:

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Xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka, i-CO2 nayo iyenyuka,
okanye ngokuchaseneyo, njengoko ubufuna ukuthi:

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i-CO2 iyenyuka ize ke iqondo lobushushu nalo linyuke.

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Noko ke, ukuba sijonga iinxalenye ezingaphambili
nezingemva, singabona ukuba oku ngokucacileyo akusabiyinyani.

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Kodwa ke, kuthekani ngamaxesha angaphambili nangemva koko?

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Apha, phambi kwale minyaka engama-25 nange le
minyaka engama-25 emva kwayo? Loo nto ayiyonyani kwaphela.

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Ngokwahlukileyo: imigca egobileyo iyahlukana.

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Izinga le-CO2 lenyukile, kodwa iqondo
lobushushu lehlile ngamaxesha athile.

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4. Unxulumano okanye unobangela? Zinini
iinkakha zinento yokwenza nezinga lokuzalwa

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Ke, into ekufuneka siyifunde koku yinto bendisoloko ndiyithetha
kuzo zonke iintetho zam zezibalo endizibonisile kubafundi

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bezijografi: bantu, unxulumano aluyonto inye nokubangela!

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Lelo lixesha elikhulu kakhulu!

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Niyayazi nonke, andithi? Ndicinga ukuba sele isaziwa kakhulu.

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Eli ngomnye umzekelo wobudlelwane
obungeyonyani. Umthombo: I-Ofisi yeZibalo kaRhulumente.

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Uyabona, inani leentaka ezibhabha phezulu
kunye nezizalo eJamani, eSweden lihle nangakumbi.

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Nanini na bekukho iinkakha ezininzi apha
(elo luhlobo olugobekileyo oluluhlaza

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okwesibhakabhaka), inani lezizalo lonyuka.

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Kwaye nanini na inani lezindzila lihlile kwakhona
ngenxa yezizathu zendalo, izinga lokuzalwa lehlile.

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Ngoko ke wonke umntu kufuneka afikelele kwisigqibo
sokuba olu lunoqhagamshelwano lwekhonomthi nesiphumo.

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Ewe, kunjalo!

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Ukunxulumana okufanayo okuphezulu okungeyonyani
kunokufunyanwa phakathi kwamazinga oqhawulo-mtshato kwiphondo

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laseMelika laseMaine kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemargarine.

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Nceda, kunjalo ke!

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Ungakhangela kwi-intanethi, yinyani!

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Ngamanye amazwi, xa kusetyenziswa
imajarini eninzi, zanda izahlulo.

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Bemi apho, beqhwanyaziwe.

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Ndinayo enye entle, evuyisayo,
kodwa isabonakala isosizile kancinci.

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Inani lokusweleka kwabantu abasebenzisa izitulo
ezinamavili lihambelana kakhulu nexabiso leetshipsi.

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Ndiyitsho le nto ukuze ndibeke
iingxaki kubafiziksi endisebenza nabo.

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Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukuguqula ezi
zidibano zingeyonyani zibe yinyani apha.

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5. I-CO2 iluncedo kwizityalo

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Ngoko ke, ukuphindaphindeka
komlinganiselo we-CO2 kuhlala kuyingxaki enkulu.

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Kwenzeka ntoni xa umlinganiselo we-CO2
emoyeni wethu uphindaphindeka kabini?

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Ngoko ke sinee-greenhouse, i-greenhouse zokwenene. Le,
umzekelo, yifama apho kukhula iziqhamo okanye imifuno.

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Nam ndikhe ndaya e-Iceland. Ndabona ezi zikhongozeli
zikhulu ngaphandle komnyango kunye nombhalo othi CO2 kuzo.

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Ndiyazibuza ukuba benza ntoni nge-CO2 apha ngoku?

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Bathi, "Siza kusisebenzisela ukunyusa; okukhona
sipompa i-CO2 kule greenhouse (indlu yezityalo

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eshushu), kokukhona izityalo zikhula kakuhle."

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Kudala kusaziwa ukuba i-CO2
sisichumiso esigqwesileyo kwizityalo ezithile.

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6. Iglasiere – yomgunyathi!

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Njengoko silapha kwi-Alps, ecaleni kwe-Alps, masithi,
ndingathanda ukubuyela kumxholo wamaqabaka ase-Alps.

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Kusoloko kuthiwa amakhephu amakhulu ayarhoxa, ukuba ahamba umva.

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Ukuba uqwalasela ngokusondeleyo, yinyani – nangona
kunjalo kuphela okwethutyana, okwixesha elithile.

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Kwaye ukuba ulandela uNjingalwazi Gernot Patzelt waseYunivesithi
yase-Innsbruck kunye neenkcazelo zakhe, ufumene ubungqina

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bokuba la maglasiers ahlala esiya phambili eze emva. […]

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Ngamafutshane: Kule minyaka iyi-11,000 idlulileyo,
iiglasiere bezincinci kunangoku kwisithathu esibini

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salexesha, nto leyo ebonisa iimeko zemozulu ezifudumeleyo.

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Ngoko ke, bekufudumele ngaphambili, kwaye kwakhona bekubande.

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Kwaye kwaphinda kwaba shushu, kwaye kwaphinda kwaba bandayo.

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Seso isizathu esingemva kwentshukumo engaqhelekanga yeeglasiers.

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Ngoko ke eneneni yinto eyaziwayo,
kodwa ayipapashwa esidlangalaleni.

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Ufumanise loo nto.

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Okunika umdla kukuba, wahlola imithi kwiindawo
apho umkhenkce omkhulu ngoku urhoxileyo, nto leyo

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eyityhile imithi endala eyayifihlakele ngaphambili.

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Waza wabona ukuba iziqu zemithi endala zazivela
phantsi kweeglasiers ezazisiya zisihla ngezantsi.

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Oko kukuthi, ukuba siye sakholiswa ukuba
amakhephu ehlala eshona kwaye ayefudula enzulu ngakumbi

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mandulo, ngoko ke la mithi ivela phi na emhlabeni?

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Andizange ndibone umthi ukhula phantsi kwekhasi!

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Akunakwenzeka!

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Kwaye obo bubungqina bokwenene
obuvavanywayo, obukude kakhulu nakweyiphi na ithiyori.

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Kodwa njengoko benditshilo, asizukufumanisa.

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7. Iibhere ezimhlophe zokwenza upapasho lwezimo zezulu?

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Imozulu inamacala amaninzi. Ndingakhetha
ambalwa ukunibonisa into esiyixelelwayo nendlela

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amajelo eendaba athe gqolo ayibambelele kuyo.

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Ibhere yasemzantsi ibisoloko iluphawu
lwabatshutshisi bemozulu, kwaye apha sibona –

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kubhalwe ngasekunene – ukuba lo mfanekiso wubuxoki.

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Ingaba ukhona oqaphele ukuba kufakwe into apha?

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Ngoko ke le bear yomkhenkce idedayo ayisengozini yokuphela, kodwa
yiyo lonto beyibeka kwinqwelo yomkhenkce ngolo

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hlobo. Ngokwokufota, kufanele ukuba ibonakale ngolu
hlobo: Ewe, indawo yam yokuhlala iyanyamalala ngoku. […]

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Enyanisweni, inani leebhere zasemzantsi eAlaska naseMntla Melika
lonyuke ukusuka malunga nama-5,000 – elalilelona nani liphantsi

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– laya kutsho kuma-25,000 kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo.

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Ngoko ke inani leebhere zasemzantsi
yomkhenkce liyanda, hayi ukuncipha!

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Ewe, kwaye kutheni kunjalo? Kuba
ukuzingela iibhere zasePolar kuye kwavalwa.

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Isiphumo soku kukuba nangona ukuzingela iibhere
zaseqhwa ngoku kuyalelwe, kusekho abo baqhubeka

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nokukwenza oko, kodwa inani leebhere zaseqhwa sele liyanda.

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Oko kuthetha ukuba oku kwehla kwenani lee-polar
bear eneneni kubangelwe kuphela kukudutyulwa. […]

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Ngokwenene, iibhere ezimhlophe zikho iminyaka engama-600,000.

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Ngoko ke, iminyaka engama-600,000 ithetha ukuba ezi
bhadi zeqhwa ziye zaphila ngamaxesha onke eqhwa, amaxesha

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okufudumala, amaxesha eqhwa kunye namaxesha okufudumala.

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Basinde kuko konke oko, akuzange kubenzakalise kwaphela.

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8. Izizwe ezitshonayo

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Enye ingongoma apha: ukunyuka
komphakamo wolwandle kuLwandle lwaseMzantsi.

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KwiZiqithi zaseCaroline, yinyani
ukuba ezinye iziqithi ziyanyamalala.

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Izinga lolwandle linyuka ngesantya esiphezulu kangangokuba ezinye
iindawo sele ziqala ukufuma, kwaye abantu

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bayakhalaza besithi: "Utshintsho lwemozulu
lubangela ukuba iziqithi zethu zinyamalale."

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Ewe, kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye?

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Ndiye ndakubona kwi-ZDF, ndakubona ngamehlo am ngoMatshi ka-2009
– kubonakala ngathi inqanaba lolwandle eMicronesia liyenyuka.

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Enyanisweni, nangona kunjalo, kukho iintshukumo
ezingokude nezingokuthe nkqo phakathi kweeZiqithi

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ezincinci zaseCaroline nePleyiti enkulu yasePacific.

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Ukuba ujonga le mephu, le mephu yeetectonic yoMhlaba,
ungabona ukuba iqulathe iipleyiti ezininzi, ezinkulu nezincinci.

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Ngoku kukho iipleyiti ezihamba ngokweludwe okanye ngokuthe nkqo,
okanye ezityibilikayo phantsi kwenye, zityhalana ngaphantsi.

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Kwaye into ebekufanele ukuba i-ZDF iyazi yeyokuba kukho
iipleyiti, kanye apha kwingingqi yeeZiqithi zaseCaroline,

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ezitshonayo ngenxa yeentlobo-ntlobo zentshukumo
yomhlaba, kwaye ke xa ndimi kwipleyiti etshozayo,

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kubonakala ngathi inqanaba lolwandle liyenyuka.

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Ukuba ubeka umntu apho (ekhomba kwimephu) – umhlali weCaroline
Plate – umbeka apho emi phezu kweplate

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enenkcathayo, ephakamisa izandla zakhe esithi,
"Ngenxa kaThixo, umphakamo wolwandle uyenyuka!"

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Ngalendlela siyaxhatshazwa.

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Kwaye into enye – andifuni ukuyiphinda ngoku
– iyasebenza nakwiiZiqithi zaseFiji, kaloku.

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Kwinkomfa yemozulu eBonn ngoku nje – bekukho nomntu
ovela kwiiZiqithi zaseFiji – othe: "Imanqanaba olwandle

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aza kunyuka ngaxa lithile, size emva koko singabikho."

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Ewe, kuyafana kanye kwiPleyiti
yase-Australia nakwiPleyithi yasePacific.

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Ndingathi iiZiqithi zaseFiji zinokugutyungelwa
ngamanzi ngokwethiyori – ngoko ke indoda

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inyanisile – ukuba ipleyiti yalapha iyaqhubeka nokutshona.

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Kwaye ayikho into ethintelayo ukuba
ukufudumala kwehlabathi okanye ukufudumala komoya-mpilo

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kuyanda, kodwa le plati inganqamla nangakumbi.

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Kwaye amazwe asaphuhlayo ngoku ayaqonda
indlela yokuxhamla kutshintsho lwemozulu.

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Bathi: Nina amazwe aphucukileyo nina
enoxanduva lokunyuka kwezinga le-CO2 kule miphetho.

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Kwaye senza ntoni kumazwe
aphucukileyo? Siyahlawula imbuyekezo kula mazwe!

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Usaqonda oko?

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Isiphelo

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Kwizimvo zam zokuqukumbela, ndikhethe uSonja Margolina.

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Njengomntu ongasengcali kulo mbandela, uthi:

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Utshintsho lwemozulu ligama elisekelwe kakhulu kwiingcinga
eziphakamileyo, elinyusele umbono ongaphakathi we

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'kusindiswa kwemozulu' ukuba ube yinjongo
yentshukumo yezopolitiko kunye nesibophelelo sokuziphatha.

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Akufunekanga kuphoswe ngqalelo ukuba le ndlela
yokucinga inxulumene nabathathi-nzuzo abaninzi abavela

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kwezopolitiko, eluntwini, nakwishishini lokusingqongileyo.

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Ngoko ke, kunjalo nje, kukho nabantu abenza
inzuzo apha, yiyo loo nto yonke le nto isenzeka.

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NgokukaNjing. Kirstein, utshintsho lwemozulu olusasazwayo
ngenxa ye-CO2 ngoko ke aluyonto yenzululwazi kwaye aluyonyani.

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Yingqikelelo yengcinga eyenza abantu bazive benetyala
ukuze ke banikele ngemali efunekayo kwii "projekthi

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zokukhusela imozulu" ekuthiwa zinjalo, nakwizirhafu zeCO2.

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Akukho mntu unokuthandabuza ukuba iziganeko zemozulu
ezigqithisileyo kunye nentshabalalo yokusingqongileyo zisenzeka.

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Nangona kunjalo, amajelo eendaba
ayathula ngesizathu esinokwenzeka.

14:12.629 --> 14:19.210
I-Kla.TV iye yanika ingxelo ngeetekhnoloji ezinokuba
nefuthe elikhulu kwimozulu kwiinkqubo zayo ezininzi.

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Siza kugqamisa ezinye zazo ngezantsi.

14:21.632 --> 14:27.665
Nceda usasaze ilizwi malunga ne-Kla.TV
njengempendulo kwabezindaba abaphambili.

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Oku kunika abantu ithuba lokuba nezimvo zabo.