WEBVTT

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Ihlobo lika-2025 alikakabi, kodwa imithombo
yezindaba yayivele ixwayisa ngeziyunduzima zokushisa,

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izomiso, imililo yamahlathi nokuntuleka kwamanzi.

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Isizathu salokhu ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu
okubangelwa abantu ngenxa yokukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-CO2.

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Yini iqiniso elingemuva kwezihloko ezifana nalezi?

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Ekethulweni okuningiliziwe, isazi sezulu nomcwaningi wezimo
zezulu uProfesa Werner Kirstein ubhekana nezimangalo ezivame

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kakhulu zokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubangelwa abantu
futhi ukhomba izimangalo eziphikisayo ezivame ukunganakwa.

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Ngezansi kunezinye zezihloko ezibalulekile
ezivela enkulumweni yakhe ye-AZK ethi "Ushintsho

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Lomoya Oludalwe Ezombusazwe," ezifingqiwe kafushane.

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1. Ukushisa okungakaze kube khona?
Igobile lomgodo we-hockey wobuxoki!

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Manje ngizokubonisa isimo sezulu, izinguquko
zesimo sezulu eminyakeni eyishumi nanye edlule.

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Ungabona lapha kwesobunxele kude ukuthi eminyakeni
engu-10 000 noma engu-11 000 eyedlule, isikhathi sokubanda

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esikhulu sokugcina, esaziwa nangokuthi i-Ice Age, saphothulwa

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Kwaba kushisa, kwabe sekubanda futhi,
kwabe sekushisa futhi, kwabe sekubanda futhi.

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Ngakho-ke kube kukhuphuka nokwehla kanje isikhathi eside.

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Futhi-ke saba nenye inkathi encane yokubanda,
ngekhulu le-17/18, lapho kwaphola futhi, kodwa

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hhayi kangako njengasezikhathini ezinkulu zokubanda.

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Futhi ngemva kwalokho, sisanda
kuphuma kulesi sikhathi sobusika esincane.

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Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho siphuma enkathini enkulu
noma encane yokubanda, kumele ngokwemvelo kube kushisa.

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Ngizwe impikiswano: "Yebo, kodwa sekushisa!"

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– Yebo, ngiyacela, sekufudumele ngokwemvelo.

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Futhi namuhla sesifike ekugcineni ngempela.

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Futhi isayensi yesimo sezulu isinikeza ini? Umugqa ongaphansi.

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Mhlawumbe nonke niyakhumbula umugqa we-hockey
stick owawusakazwa nguM. Mann ngaleso sikhathi.

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Yebo, ipropaganda iyinhle, yayiyipropaganda nje kuphela.

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Futhi uyabona, isimo sezulu sahlala sizinzile
kusukela ngonyaka ka-1000 kuqhubeke, kuze kufike ku-1200,

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1400, 1600, njll. Akuzange kushintshe lutho olukhulu.

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Yebo, ungabona umugqa wangempela ngenhla.

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Ngakho-ke siholelwa endleleni engalungile, uma ngithi kanjalo.

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2. Amamodeli wesimo sezulu ayaphikisana neqiniso

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Ngithanda ukucaphuna futhi uProf. Hans von Storch,
ongemuva kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi okukushisekela:

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"Sibhekene nembungulu" – ngo-2013, kwakuyiminyaka embalwa edlule
manje – "izinga lokushisa alikhuphukanga iminyaka engu-15."

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Yebo

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Uma ukufudumala komhlaba kungamisa eminye
iminyaka emihlanu, kuzoba nephutha eliyisisekelo

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kumamodeli futhi izibikezelo kuzodingeka zilungiswe.

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Ikhavu yesithathu yeMauna Loa:

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I-CO2 iyimbangela yokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa?

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Iphutha eliyisisekelo ukuthi
amamodeli wesimo sezulu ahlale ethatha i-CO2.

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I-CO2 iyona ebangela ukufudumala komhlaba.

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Futhi uma sibheka lo mgijimi, kancane lapha, ungabona ukuthi
izinga lokushisa empeleni lenyuke eminyakeni engu-25

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edlule, futhi nokugxila kwe-CO2 nakho kuye kwakhuphuka –
lo mgijimi odumile waseMauna Loa – womabili ayenyuke.

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Futhi yilapho konke indaba kwavela khona
ngeminyaka yama-1980, lapho abantu bathi:

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Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-CO2 nayo iyakhuphuka,
noma ngokuphambene nalokho, njengoba wawufuna ukusho:

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i-CO2 iyakhuphuka bese izinga lokushisa nalo likhuphuka.

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Nokho, uma sibheka izigaba ngaphambi nangemva,
singabona ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu akuseyona iqiniso.

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Kodwa-ke, ngicela, kwenzekani ngaleso
sikhathi ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho?

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Lapha, ngaphambi kwale minyaka engu-25 nangemva kwale
minyaka engu-25? Lokho ngokusobala akulona iqiniso.

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Ngokuphambene nalokho: imigqa egobile iyahlukana.

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Amanani e-CO2 enyuke, kodwa izinga
lokushisa lehle ngezikhathi ezithile.

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4. Ukuhambisana noma imbangela? Yini
enxulumene nezinyoni ze-stork nezinga lokuzalwa?

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Ngakho-ke, lokho esidinga ukukufunda kulokhu kuwukuthi
ngihlale ngikushilo kuzo zonke izifundo zezibalo kubacwaningi

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bezemephu: bantu, ukuhambisana akusho ukuthi kunesizathu!

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Lona umehluko omkhulu kakhulu!

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Nonke niyazi, akunjalo? Ngicabanga ukuthi sekuyaziwa kakhulu.

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Lesi esinye isibonelo sokuxhumana
okungamanga. Umthombo: Ihhovisi Lezibalo Likahulumeni.

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Uyabona, inani lama-stork nokuzalwa
eJalimane, eSweden kuyinhle kakhulu.

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Noma nini lapho kwakukhona izinyoni ze-stork eziningi lapha
(umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), inani lokuzalwa lenyuka.

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Futhi noma nini lapho inani lama-stork lehla futhi
ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, izinga lokuzalwa lehla.

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Ngakho-ke wonke umuntu kumele afinyelele
esiphethweni sokuthi lokhu kuyubudlelwano obubangela.

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Yebo, ngempela!

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Ukuhlotshaniswa okungamanga okuphezulu okufanayo
kungatholakala futhi phakathi kwezinga lokuhlukana komshado

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esifundazweni sase-US iMaine nokusetshenziswa kwemargarine.

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Ngiyacela, kunjalo nje!

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Ungakubheka ku-inthanethi, kuyiqiniso!

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Ngamanye amazwi, lapho kudliwa imajarini
eningi, izihlukaniso zomshado ziyanda.

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Bema lapho bemangele.

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Ngine enye enhle, ekhuthazayo, kodwa esabukeka idabukile kancane.

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Inani lokufa kwabasebenzisa izihlalo zamasondo
lihambisana kakhulu nenani lamakhwapho ombona.

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Ngisho lokhu ngempela ukuze ngibangele
abanye ososayensi bezifiziksi ubunzima.

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Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuguqula la
mabanga angamanga abe yiqiniso lapha.

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5. I-CO2 iluncedo ezitshalweni

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Ngakho-ke, ukuphindeka kabili
kokugxila kwe-CO2 kube yinkinga enkulu njalo.

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Kwenzekani uma umthamo we-CO2 emkhathini wethu uphindeka kabili?

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Ngakho-ke sinama-greenhouse, ama-greenhouse
angempela. Lokhu, isibonelo, kuyindawo

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yokutshala lapho izithelo noma imifino zikhula khona.

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Ngangike ngaya e-Iceland ngokwami. Ngabona lezi ziqukathi
ezinkulu ngaphandle komnyango, kubhalwe ukuthi CO2 kuzo.

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Ngiyazibuza ukuthi manje benza ini nge-CO2 lapha?

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Bathi, "Sizosebenzisa lokhu ukufafaza;
okwengeziwe kwe-CO2 esiyipompayo kule greenhouse

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(i-greenhouse eshisayo), izitshalo zikhula kangcono."

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Sekuyaziwa isikhathi eside ukuthi i-CO2
iyisivuno esihle kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo.

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6. Iglasiari – engamanga!

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Njengoba sikhona lapha e-Alps, emngceleni we-Alps,
ngokuthi, ngithanda ukubuyela esihlokweni samaqhwa ase-Alps.

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Kuhlala kushiwo ukuthi amaqhwa ayahoxa, ukuthi ayahamba emuva.

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Uma ubheka ngokucophelela, lokho kuyiqiniso –
nakuba kuphela isikhathi esithile, isikhathi esithile.

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Futhi uma ulandela uProfesa Gernot Patzelt waseNyuvesi
yase-Innsbruck nezincazelo zakhe, uthole ubufakazi

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bokuthi lezi ziglasi ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka nokwehla. […]

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Ngokufingqa: Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanye edlule,
amaqhwa ayengancane kunalawa namuhla cishe izingxenye ezimbili

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kwezintathu zaleso sikhathi, okubonisa izimo zezulu ezishisayo.

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Ngakho bekushisa ngaphambilini, futhi kwaphinde kwabanda futhi.

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Futhi kwaphinde kwaba kushisa, futhi kwaphinde kwaba kubanda.

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Lena yimbangela yokunyakaza okumangazayo kwamaglasiers.

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Ngakho-ke empeleni kuwumcimbi
owaziwayo kahle, kodwa awukhangiswa.

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Wathola lokho.

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Okuthakazelisayo, wahlola izihlahla
ezindaweni lapho i-glacier isithathe khona emuva manje,

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kwavela izihlahla ezindala eziphinde zavela.

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Wabe esebona iziqu zezihlahla ezindala
zivela ngaphansi kweqhwa elisahamba kude phansi.

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Okusho ukuthi, uma siphonswa ukukholwa ukuthi amaqhwa
ayehlala ehoxa njalo futhi ayehlanzekile kakhulu

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esikhathini esidlule, khona-ke le mithi yavela kuphi emhlabeni?

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Angikaze ngibone isihlahla sikhula ngaphansi kweqhwa!

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Akungeneki!

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Futhi lokho empeleni kuwubufakazi bokuhlola
sangempela, okude kakhulu kunoma iyiphi ithiyori.

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Kodwa njengoba ngishilo, ngeke sazi.

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7. Izimbungulu zasemzantsi
kwesibhakabhaka zokwazisa ngesimo sezulu?

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Kunezici eziningi zemozulu. Ngingakhetha
ezimbalwa ukuze ngikubonise ukuthi sithiwa yini

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nokuthi imithombo yezindaba iyasabela kanjani.

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Ibhere eqhwa ibisoloko iyisibonakaliso
sabashisekeli bemozulu, futhi lapha sibona – kubhalwe

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kwesokudla – ukuthi lesi sithombe siwumbumbulu.

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Ngabe kukhona owazile ukuthi okuthile kufakwe lapha?

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Ngakho-ke le bear yomkhovu eyodwa ayisengozini yokuphela, kodwa
yilokho abamfaka ngakho phezu kweqhuqhuva leqhwa

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kanjalo. Ngokwezithombe, kumele ibukeke kanje:
Yebo, indawo yami yokuhlala isiyanyamalala manje. […]

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Empeleni, inani lama-polar bear e-Alaska naseNyakatho
Melika lenyuke lisuka cishe ku-5 000 – okuyiyona nani

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eliphansi kakhulu – laya ku-25 000 eminyakeni engu-40 edlule.

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Ngakho-ke inani lama-polar bear liyanda, hhayi liyehla!

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Yebo, futhi kungani lokho? Ngoba
ukuzingela amabhere e-polar kuvinjiwe.

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Umphumela walokhu wukuthi nakuba ukuzingela
amabhere aqhwa manje sekuvinjelwe, kusekhona abaqhubeka

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nokuwenza, kodwa inani lamabhere aqhwa selikhula.

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Lokho kusho ukuthi ukwehla kwenani lama-polar
bear empeleni kwakubangelwa kuphela ukudubula. […]

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Ngokungeziwe, amabhere asePolar ase ekhona iminyaka engu-600,000.

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Ngakho-ke iminyaka engu-600 000 kusho ukuthi laba bhabhiyane
basePolar baphile kuzo zonke izinkathi zeqhwa, izikhathi

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zokufudumala, izinkathi zeqhwa nezikhathi zokufudumala.

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Basindile kukho konke lokho, akuzange kubalimaze nhlobo.

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8. Izizinda ezishelelayo

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Enye indaba lapha: ukukhuphuka
kwezinga lolwandle eManzini aseNingizimu.

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Eziqhingini zaseCaroline, kuyiqiniso
ukuthi ezinye iziqhingi ziyanyamalala.

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Izinga lolwandle liyakhuphuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi ezinye
izindawo sezithola amanzi ezinyaweni, futhi

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abantu bakhalaza bathi: "Uguquko lwemvelo
lubangela ukuthi iziqhingi zethu zinyamalale."

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Yebo, kwenzekeni ngempela?

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Ngazibonela e-ZDF, ngazibonela mathupha ngoMashi 2009 –
kubonakala sengathi izinga lolwandle eMicronesia liyakhuphuka.

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Eqinisweni, nokho, kunokunyakaza okubheke
ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangokuphakama phakathi kweziqhingi

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ezincane zaseCaroline neplathi enkulu yasePacific.

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Uma ubheka leli mephu, leli mephu yokuhamba
kwamapulethi eMhlabeni, ungabona ukuthi

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liqukethe amapulethi amaningi, amakhulu namancane.

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Manje kunezicucu zomhlaba ezihamba ngokubheka
ubude noma ngokuphakama, noma ezislayida

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ngaphansi komunye nomunye, zicindezela ngaphansi.

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Futhi okwakufanele i-ZDF yazi ukuthi kukhona amapleyithi, lapha
endaweni yaseZiqhingi zaseCaroline, agxumayo ngenxa

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yokunyakaza kwemigqa yomhlaba, futhi lapho ngimi epleyithini
eligxumayo, kubonakala sengathi izinga lolwandle liyakhuphuka.

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Uma ubeka umuntu lapho (ekhomba emephini) – umhlali wePlathi
yaseCaroline – umbeka lapho futhi emi eplathini

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elicwilayo, ephakamisa izandla zakhe ethi,
"Ngenxa kaNkulunkulu, izinga lolwandle liyakhuphuka!"

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Ngalendlela siyakhohliswa.

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Futhi into efanayo – angidingi ukuyiphinda manje –
nayo isebenza naseziqhingini zaseFiji, ngendlela.

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Engqungqutheleni yesimo sezulu eBonn manje nje –
kwakukhona nomuntu ovela eziqhingini zaseFiji – othe: "Izinga

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lolwandle lizokhuphuka ngesinye isikhathi, bese sesingasekho."

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Yebo, kufana ngqo ePlateni
lase-Australia nasePlateni lasePacific.

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Ngingathi amaqhingi aseFiji angagcwala
amanzi ngokomqondo – ngakho-ke indoda ilungile

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– uma ipuleti lendawo liqhubeka nokwehla.

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Futhi hhayi uma ukufudumala komhlaba noma ukufudumala
komkhathi kukhula, kodwa ipuleti lingase liwe ngisho kakhulu.

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Futhi amazwe asathuthuka manje aseyaqonda ukuthi
angazuza kanjani ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

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Bathi: Nina amazwe athuthukile kwezimboni
niyizimbangela yokunyuka kwamazinga e-CO2 aphakeme kangaka.

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Futhi senzeni emazweni athuthukile
embonini? Sikhokhela lezi zizwe imbuyiselo!

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Usaqonda lokho?

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Isiphetho

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Ezinkulumweni zami zokuvala, ngikhethe uSonja Margolina.

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Njengomuntu ongakabi uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha, uthi:

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Uguquko lwemvelo liyigama elinamandla kwezombono
eliphakamisele i-utopia ethi 'ukusindisa isimo sezulu'

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njengomgomo wezenzo zezepolitiki nesibopho sokuziphatha.

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Akufanele kunganakwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokucabanga luxhumene
nezintshisekelo ezibonakalayo zabazenzeli abaningi abazuza

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kwezombusazwe, emphakathini wezakhamuzi kanye nase-eko-imboni.

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Ngakho-ke, impela, kukhona nabazenzeli inzuzo
lapha futhi, yingakho konke lokhu kwenzeka.

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NgokukaProfesa Kirstein, ukuguquka kwesimo
sezulu okusabalaliswayo okubangelwa yi-CO2 ngakho-ke

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akuyona isayensi futhi akuyona into yangempela.

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Umqondo wezombono owenza abantu bazizwe benecala
ukuze banikele ngemali edingekayo kwimigomo

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ekuthiwa iyizivikelo zezulu kanye nezintela ze-CO2.

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Akekho ongabaza ukuthi izimo zezulu ezimbi
kakhulu nokubhujiswa kwemvelo kusekhona.

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Nokho, abezindaba bathule ngezimbangela ezingaba khona.

14:12.629 --> 14:19.210
I-Kla.TV ibike ngobuchwepheshe obungaba nomthelela
omkhulu esimweni sezulu ezinhlelweni zayo eziningi.

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Sizogqamisa ezinye zazo ngezansi.

14:21.632 --> 14:27.665
Siza ukusabalalisa ilizwi nge-Kla.TV
njengempikiswano nemithombo yezindaba ejwayelekile.

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Lokhu kunika abantu ithuba lokwakha imibono yabo.