WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:06.839 Ana iya samun bayanai gabaɗaya game da ƙa'idodin doka da na AZK a ƙarshen gabatarwar. 00:06.839 --> 00:17.719 Bayan gabatarwar mai amfani da Dr. Broudy daga Japan, yanzu muna maraba da wani fitaccen mai jawabi daga Austria. 00:17.719 --> 00:27.561 Yana da digirin-daktar a fannin shari'a kuma yana magana ne kan babban matsala na yadda za a magance ko a ci gaba da shari'o'i na 00:27.561 --> 00:33.439 ƙa'idodin doka marasa adalci, wato marasa izini, da sakamakonsu. 00:33.439 --> 00:41.622 Amma ka sani, ga talakawa kamar ni ko mu, ba gaskiya akwai irin dokoki marasa adalci ba. 00:41.622 --> 00:46.000 A gare mu, hakan zai kasance kamar mummunan Uban Kirsimeti. 00:46.000 --> 00:54.479 Kuma shi ya sa ba za mu taɓa tunanin cewa irin wannan rashin adalci zai iya tauye mutuncinmu da halayenmu ba. 00:54.479 --> 00:57.520 Amma wannan shi ne ainihin kuskuren fahimta da ake yawan yi! 00:57.520 --> 01:05.133 Kuma Dr. jur. Michael Brunner yanzu zai kalubalanci wannan kuskuren fahimta mai haɗari da jigoginsa guda shida, sannan ya 01:05.133 --> 01:09.519 nuna hanyoyin fita daga wannan matsala da ba a yawaita gane ba. 01:09.519 --> 01:15.713 Amma kafin mu yi masa maraba a nan filin wasa, ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da aikinsa. 01:21.640 --> 01:28.043 Dr Michael Brunner ya samu digirin dokta a shekarar 1990 bayan ya yi karatun doka kuma ya yi aiki 01:28.043 --> 01:31.578 a matsayin lauya a Ostiriya na tsawon shekaru 31. 01:31.578 --> 01:37.346 Tun daga Maris 2020, ya kasance mai sukar matakan coronavirus sosai, yana shigar da ƙorafe-ƙorafe a Kotun 01:37.346 --> 01:43.200 Tsarin Mulki kan matakan coronavirus, yana jawabi a zanga-zangar, yana wallafa bidiyo, da sauransu. 01:43.200 --> 01:46.640 Kuma yanzu wani taƙaitaccen bayani game da aikinsa na siyasa: 01:46.640 --> 01:48.400 Oktoba 2020: 01:48.400 --> 01:53.546 Kafa ƙungiyar "Lauyoyi don Haƙƙin Asali – Lauyoyi don Wayewa" a Vienna 01:53.546 --> 01:55.844 Fabrairu 2021: 01:55.844 --> 02:00.959 Ginin jam'iyyar siyasa "MFG – Menschen Freiheit Grundrechte" (Mutane 'Yanci Hakkin Asali) 02:00.959 --> 02:07.130 Tun daga kaka ta 2021: Jam'iyyarsa ta shiga majalisar dokokin jihar Upper Austria; 02:07.130 --> 02:12.273 Nasarori a zaɓen majalisar gari a Upper Austria, Lower Austria da Tyrol 02:12.273 --> 02:14.290 Dāwowa 2022: 02:14.290 --> 02:17.681 Dan takarar MFG a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na tarayya a kaka. 02:17.681 --> 02:22.080 Ya tsara kansa a matsayin mai adawa da tsarin siyasa. 02:22.080 --> 02:24.400 Yuli 2023: 02:24.400 --> 02:33.960 Mamba mai kafa na International Attorneys of Law, wata ƙungiya ta duniya wadda ke hulɗa da dokoki a duk faɗin duniya. 02:33.960 --> 02:36.016 Nuwamba 2023: 02:36.016 --> 02:38.960 Yankewar aiki a matsayin lauya mai aiki. 02:38.960 --> 02:47.599 Tun daga Disamba 2023, ayyuka daban-daban na koyarwa da ci gaba da aikin shari'a a matsayin mai ba da shawara, da sauransu. 02:47.599 --> 02:57.030 Dr Brunner ya yi magana a yau game da "Dignity ɗan adam shi ne ma'aunin adalci – duk sauran rashin adalci ne." 02:57.030 --> 03:05.306 Ina so in yi muku maraba da dumi-dumi kuma in nuna godiyata ta gaskiya kan damar da aka ba ni na ba da gudunmawa a 03:05.306 --> 03:13.599 tattaunawar yau kan wannan muhimmin batu, wato rarraba dokoki marasa adalci bisa ga doka da sakamakonsu. 03:13.599 --> 03:17.520 "Dignity ɗan adam shi ne ma'aunin adalci. 03:17.520 --> 03:25.240 Dignity ɗan adam dole ne ya zama ma'aunin adalci, in ba haka ba rashin adalci ne. 03:25.240 --> 03:29.960 Dokoki da adalci ba kalmomi ne masu ma'ana iri ɗaya ba. 03:29.960 --> 03:33.159 Dokar ba lallai ta kai ga adalci ba. 03:33.159 --> 03:36.719 Adiilci ba lallai ya zama doka ba. 03:36.719 --> 03:41.319 Dokar ba tare da adalci ba rashin adalci ce. 03:41.319 --> 03:46.120 Adalci koyaushe adalci ne. 03:46.120 --> 03:49.759 Menene adalci a ma'anar doka? 03:49.759 --> 03:54.080 Adalci kimantawa ce ta ilimi. 03:54.080 --> 03:59.680 Yin daidaito ga abubuwa masu daidaito, yin rashin daidaito ga abubuwa marasa daidaito. 03:59.680 --> 04:09.152 Ko yin aiki ta yadda ayyukan kaɓaɓɓen ƙa'idarka za su iya zama doka ta duniya baki ɗaya, kamar yadda Immanuel Kant ya ce. 04:09.152 --> 04:17.939 Ko kawai tsari na zaman lafiya – domin ba zai yiwu zaman lafiya ba tare da adalci ba; babu 04:17.939 --> 04:24.360 zaman lafiya ba tare da daidaiton muradu ba. 04:24.360 --> 04:39.560 Da adalci ya kasance mai daidai kuma babu dokoki marasa adalci, to kasidata, gabatarwata, za ta riga ta kammala gaba ɗaya. 04:39.560 --> 04:42.733 Duk da haka, gaskiya tana koya mana wani abu daban. 04:42.733 --> 04:48.250 Ta koya mana cewa bai ainiyata manufar adalci ba. 04:48.250 --> 04:52.720 Ba a fannin shari'a ba, ba a fannin siyasa ba. 04:52.720 --> 04:58.360 Dokoki marasa doka, marasa adalci ana wucewa da su ta majalisar dokoki. 04:58.360 --> 05:05.561 Ana aiwatar da su ta reshen zartarwa kuma ana aiwatar da su ta reshen shari'a. 05:05.561 --> 05:09.561 Dukansu suna ƙarƙashin wajibcin bin ƙa'idoji. 05:09.561 --> 05:17.184 Lauƙaƙan ƙasa suna da wajibcin bin dokoki ko da waɗanda ba su da adalci. 05:17.184 --> 05:26.901 Babban batun da na ke mu'amala da shi tsawon watanni da dama – zan iya sake samar da wani ɓangare na aikina a nan kawai – shi ne 05:26.901 --> 05:33.199 rarrabuwar doka ta ƙa'idodin doka marasa adalci da sakamakonsu. 05:33.199 --> 05:42.726 A gare ni, tushen farko wajen tantance ko doka adalci ce ko rashin adalci shi ne darajar ɗan adam. 05:42.726 --> 05:48.199 Shi ne babban ƙa'idar doka mafi girma a cikin doka ta halitta da doka ta ƙirƙira . 05:48.199 --> 05:54.835 Shi ne ƙa'idar tsakiya ta tsarin shari'a na zamani, wadda aka ɗora a cikin doka ta yau da 05:54.835 --> 05:59.507 kullum da kuma a cikin dokar tsarin mulki . 05:59.507 --> 06:06.680 A cikin tsarin dimokuradiyya da ya dogara da mulkin doka, duk hakkoki suna fitowa ne daga ga mutane. 06:06.680 --> 06:10.832 Yanci da daidaito su ne ginshiƙan dimokuradiyya. 06:10.832 --> 06:19.152 Ko da yake mutane sun mika ikon su ga jam'iyyun siyasa don su wakilce su, mutane su ne ke da 06:19.152 --> 06:23.920 iko na ƙarshe, kuma wakilan suna ba su rahoto. 06:23.920 --> 06:32.307 Ko da yake a aikace a cikin dimokuradiyyar wakilci iko na jam'iyyun siyasa yana ƙara yaduwa zuwa dukkan 06:32.307 --> 06:41.917 sassan al'umma da tsarin farar hula, dimokuradiyya tana wanzuwa ne kawai idan ta yi daidai da niyyar mutane. 06:41.917 --> 06:49.046 Dokoki da suka yi wa mutane ko da suka yi wa adalci gaba ba su taɓa zama adalci ba, kuma ba 06:49.046 --> 06:53.511 a samu goyon bayan su daga niyyar mutane ba. 06:53.511 --> 07:03.018 Al'umma, wato mai iko, ba ta mika hakkokinta ga wakilai ba domin waɗannan wakilan su kafa 07:03.018 --> 07:09.482 dokoki don kansu ko kuma su saba wa ra'ayin al'umma. 07:09.482 --> 07:21.519 Duk wanda ya yi watsi da doka da adalci a matsayin wakili, dole ne a ɗauke shi alhaki kuma a sa shi ya biya kudin aikinsa! 07:21.519 --> 07:32.891 Hanyar da ake bi a Ostiriya da sauran ƙasashe, bisa ga Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Ostiriya da dokokin Ostiriya, cewa har dokoki da 07:32.891 --> 07:43.535 suka saba wa tsarin mulki dole ne a aiwatar da su har sai an soke su – sannan, idan ya zama dole, cikin wa'adin gyara 07:43.535 --> 07:54.860 na har zuwa watanni 18 – yana nufin cewa rashin adalci ya zama doka, abin da nake ƙin yarda da shi ƙwarai. 08:01.525 --> 08:11.011 Lokacin da rarrabuwar iko ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, lokacin da gwamnatoci za su iya kafa dokoki da kansu saboda rinjayensu a 08:11.011 --> 08:20.120 majalisar dokoki kuma a zahiri ba sa ƙarƙashin kulawar majalisa, lokacin da gwamnatoci ke cike guraben ma'aikata a fannin 08:20.120 --> 08:29.982 gudanarwa da shari'a da mutanen da suka nada bisa siyasa, lokacin da kungiyoyi da cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnati suka koma na 08:29.982 --> 08:39.242 'yan ƙungiya kaɗan , lokacin da aka takaita 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, 'yancin ilimi da 'yancin 'yan jarida, lokacin da 08:39.242 --> 08:47.749 ake ƙaryata, yin dariya da har ma da tsananta wa waɗanda ke tunani daban, lokacin da aka halaka bambancin kafofin 08:47.749 --> 08:53.759 watsa labarai – to mun yi nisa da kowace irin mulkin doka. 08:53.759 --> 09:03.735 A ƙarshe, tare da wallafa fayilolin Cibiyar Robert Koch, ya zama sanannen abu ga kowa, har ma ga jama'ar gaba ɗaya, cewa ba a taɓa 09:03.735 --> 09:09.159 samun wata hujjar tushe ga kowane ɗayan matakan coronavirus ba. 09:09.159 --> 09:14.159 An ƙara shi ta amincewar siyasa . 09:14.159 --> 09:28.899 Annobar coronavirus daga 2020 zuwa 2023 ita ce babbar maganar laifi da kiwon lafiya a duniya tun daga 1945! 09:33.799 --> 09:41.522 Domin hana irin waɗannan kiran siyasa yin tasiri a nan gaba, dole ne a ƙi ba wa duk wata 09:41.522 --> 09:45.879 rashin adalci inganci na doka tun daga farko! 09:45.879 --> 09:52.200 Duk wanda ya shiga cikin wannan dole ne a ɗauki shi alhaki! 09:52.200 --> 09:57.200 Dignity ɗan adam – ina ambaton Thomas Aquinas a nan: 09:57.200 --> 10:02.240 Kowace doka da ke ɗaga darajar ɗan adam adalci ce. 10:02.240 --> 10:08.799 Kowane doka da ke ƙasƙantar da mutuncin ɗan adam ba ta da adalci. 10:08.799 --> 10:18.841 Sashe na 16 na Babban Dokar Farar Hula ta Ostiriya, a matsayin babban ƙa'ida ta hakkin asali na mutumci, ya tanadi cewa 10:18.841 --> 10:29.559 kowanne ɗan adam na da haƙƙoƙi na halitta waɗanda hankali ke ganewa da kansa, don haka dole ne a ɗauke shi a matsayin mutum. 10:29.559 --> 10:41.371 Wannan yana ɗaukaka hakkin asali na mutum a matsayin ka'ida ta doka da babban ƙa'ida na tsarin shari'a na zamani. 10:41.371 --> 10:44.729 Hakki suna cikin dabi'ar ɗan adam. 10:44.729 --> 10:53.399 Wannan yana nufin cewa ba a samu su ba ko a aro su, tabbas ba ta hannun gwamnatoci ko wakilai ba. 10:53.399 --> 10:57.307 Ba sai an ba su izini ko an samu su da farko ba. 10:57.307 --> 11:02.880 Suna cikin ainihin ɗan adam, a kasancewar mutum. 11:02.880 --> 11:06.554 Sashe na 1 na Dokar Asali ta Jamus kuma ya tanada: 11:06.554 --> 11:11.081 Darajar ɗan adam ba za a iya keta ba. 11:11.081 --> 11:17.240 Alhakin dukkan hukumomin jihohi ne su girmama su kuma kare su. 11:17.240 --> 11:26.406 Haƙƙoƙin asali da ke tafe suna da tilas ga majalisar dokoki, gwamnati da kotuna a matsayin doka mai aiki kai tsaye. 11:26.406 --> 11:32.273 Kuma ina so in ƙara cewa suna kuma takura wa kafofin watsa labarai. 11:32.273 --> 11:38.470 Bugu da ƙari ga Sashe na 1 na Dokar Asali, Sashe na 79 ya tanadi cewa kundin tsarin 11:38.470 --> 11:42.639 mulki zai ci gaba da kasancewa a aiki har abada. 11:42.639 --> 11:49.334 Waɗannan muhimman haƙƙoƙi, wato rashin tauye mutuncin ɗan adam, ba za a iya canza su ba 11:49.334 --> 11:53.039 ko da ta hanyar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki. 11:53.039 --> 11:55.879 Yana dindindin. 11:55.879 --> 12:03.320 Dignity ɗan adam ƙa'ida ce ta ɗabi'a wadda ba ta gushe, wadda ta zarce kowace irin gwamnati. 12:03.320 --> 12:11.765 Domin ga kowane ɗan adam rayuwarsa iri ɗaya ce kuma yana da haƙƙin kasancewa cikin 'yanci. 12:11.765 --> 12:20.759 "Mutane, a matsayin ƙarshe a kansu, ba za a taɓa ɗaukar su a matsayin hanyar zuwa wani ƙarshe ba," a cewar Immanuel Kant. 12:20.759 --> 12:29.861 A cewar shari'ar da aka kafa ta Kotun Kasa ta Tarayya ta Jamus, mutuncin ɗan adam shi ne mafi girman ƙima a cikin Dokar 12:29.861 --> 12:35.191 Asali kuma shi ne ka'idar tsarin mulkin tsarin shari'ar Jamus. 12:35.191 --> 12:41.600 Dignity ɗan adam shi ne mafi girman ƙima a cikin kundin tsarin mulki kuma ba za a iya sassauci a kai ba. 12:41.600 --> 12:51.285 Haka kuma, Sashe na 7 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Switzerland ya tanadi cewa a girmama kuma a kare mutuncin ɗan adam. 12:51.285 --> 12:56.919 Jagorantar Duniya na Haƙƙin Dan Adam na 10 ga Disamba, 1948: 12:56.919 --> 13:05.743 Dukkan 'yan adam ana haifesu cikin 'yanci kuma daidai a daraja da haƙƙoƙi, an ba su hankali da tunani, kuma 13:05.743 --> 13:11.200 ya kamata su yi mu'amala da juna cikin ruhin 'yan'uwa. 13:11.200 --> 13:23.200 Bayanin 'Yancin Kai na Amurka, wanda aka buga a ranar 4 ga Yuli 1776, ya bayyana: Dukkan mutane an halicce su daidai. 13:23.200 --> 13:33.532 Dukkan mutane suna da wasu hakkoki marasa tauye, ciki har da rai, 'yanci da neman farin ciki. 13:33.532 --> 13:41.722 Girmamawa marar sharadi, ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba kuma ba tare da iyaka ba ga mutuncin ɗan adam ita ce ginshiƙin 13:41.722 --> 13:47.039 mulkin doka da dimokuradiyya, wanda ba za a iya sasanta shi ba. 13:47.039 --> 13:54.919 Suna ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar layin ja da ba za a taɓa ketarewa ba. 13:54.919 --> 14:03.893 Waɗanda suka tauye mutuncin ɗan adam suna tauye jamhuriyar ƙasa mai tsarin mulki da mulkin doka, ba tare da 14:03.893 --> 14:12.109 su ba ba za a samu adalci ba – babu doka, babu ƙasa wadda ba za ta zama ƙungiyar barayi ba. 14:12.109 --> 14:21.659 Augustine na Hippo: "Idan aka cire adalci, to menene jiha sai babbar ƙungiyar barayi?" 14:30.123 --> 14:38.658 Bisa ga abin da ni, a matsayin lauya, nake kiran shi babban ƙa'idar asali na ƙa'idar abubuwan asali – 14:38.658 --> 14:43.440 darajar ɗan adam – na zo da jerin ƙaddarori guda shida. 14:43.440 --> 14:50.240 Amma da farko, gajeriyar bayanin Martin Luther King. 14:50.240 --> 14:55.426 Ni ne zan kasance na farko da zai goyi bayan bin dokoki masu adalci. 14:55.426 --> 15:02.639 Mutum ba wai kawai yana da alhakin doka ba, har ma yana da alhakin ɗabi'a na bin dokoki masu adalci. 15:02.639 --> 15:10.200 A gefe guda, mutane suna da alhakin ɗabi'a na watsi da dokoki marasa adalci. 15:10.200 --> 15:17.080 Na yarda da Saint Augustine cewa doka marar adalci ba doka ba ce kwata-kwata. 15:17.080 --> 15:24.399 Dokar da ba ta da adalci ba doka ba ce, in ji babban karin magana na Latin. 15:24.399 --> 15:27.240 Kuma yanzu zuwa ga jigogi shida: 15:27.240 --> 15:33.927 1st thesis: Babban ƙa'ida na tsarin doka, daga gare ta duk dokoki suka samo asali, ita ce 15:33.927 --> 15:38.240 darajar ɗan adam a matsayin haƙƙin asali na mutum. 15:38.240 --> 15:42.600 Ba zato ba kirkira ce. 15:42.600 --> 15:49.559 2nd thesis: Mafi girman doka ita ce darajar ɗan adam a matsayin hakkin asali na mutum. 15:49.559 --> 15:53.639 Waɗannan su ne haƙƙoƙinsa na asali, haƙƙoƙin tushe da 'yanci. 15:53.639 --> 15:59.279 Suna zama ka'idojin ginshiƙi na tsarin doka. 15:59.279 --> 16:08.799 3rd thesis: Ka'idojin doka da suka take mutuncin ɗan adam da haƙƙoƙin asali ba su da inganci kwata-kwata. 16:08.799 --> 16:11.679 Ba su da inganci na ƙa'ida. 16:11.679 --> 16:17.406 A wannan fanni, ina wakiltar matsayin akidar da ta mamaye, wato akidar da ake kira 'nullity 16:17.406 --> 16:20.279 dogma' , za mu ƙara magana kan wannan daga baya. 16:20.279 --> 16:28.154 4th thesis: Ka'idojin doka da suka take hakkin ɗan adam na asali da 'yanci ba su da inganci kwata-kwata. 16:28.154 --> 16:31.000 Ba su da inganci na ƙa'ida. 16:31.000 --> 16:38.720 5th thesis: Ka'idojin doka da suka keta ka'idojin doka masu matsayi mafi girma ba su da inganci kwata-kwata. 16:38.720 --> 16:42.399 Ba su da inganci na ƙa'ida. 16:42.399 --> 16:48.086 Ka'ida ta shida: Dokar da ta fi daraja tana rinjayar dokar da ba ta da daraja, tana 16:48.086 --> 16:51.578 sanya ta biyun ta zama babu inganci kwata-kwata. 16:51.578 --> 16:57.639 Dokar da ke ƙasa ba za ta iya ɗoke dokar da ke sama ba. 16:57.639 --> 17:05.347 Zan iya tabbatar da waɗannan jigogi, waɗanda na gina su ne a kan darajar ɗan adam, duka dangane da doka ta zahiri 17:05.347 --> 17:10.440 ta hanyar yanayin shari'a da kuma dangane da falsafar doka. 17:10.440 --> 17:16.640 Gustav Radbruch ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana doka na ƙarni na 20. 17:16.640 --> 17:23.160 Shi ɗan siyasar SPD ne kuma sau biyu ya rike mukamin Ministan Shari'a na Reich a lokacin Jamhuriyar Weimar. 17:23.160 --> 17:29.240 Ya rayu daga 1878 zuwa 1949. 17:29.240 --> 17:37.079 "Ikko na iya kasancewa bisa ga buƙata, amma ba ta taɓa kasancewa bisa ga wajibci ko inganci ba." 17:37.079 --> 17:47.720 Yana tsara iyaka tsakanin doka ba daidai ba, wadda ba ta dace ba, za a iya tsara ta daban, ko kuma wadda kawai ba daidai ba ce. 17:47.720 --> 17:58.920 Karya ce kawai ga doka marar adalci wadda ta kai wani matakin rashin adalci. 17:58.920 --> 18:06.200 Ya bayyana hujjojin tunaninsa, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga sanannen ƙa'idar Radbruch. 18:06.200 --> 18:14.528 Ina ambaton: "Rikicin tsakanin adalci da tabbacin doka watakila za a iya warware shi ta hanyar ba da fifiko ga dokar 18:14.528 --> 18:23.279 positive, wadda aka tabbatar da ita ta dokoki da iko, ko da kuwa abun cikinta ba adalci ba ne kuma bai dace ba." 18:23.279 --> 18:33.689 Sai dai idan sabani tsakanin doka mai kyau da adalci ya kai ga matakin da ba za a iya jurewa ba, dole doka, 18:33.689 --> 18:40.519 a matsayin doka ba daidai ba, ta miƙa wuya ga adalci. 18:40.519 --> 18:46.685 Ba zai yiwu a ja layi mai bayyane tsakanin misalan rashin adalci na doka da dokoki da ke 18:46.685 --> 18:50.799 nan suna aiki duk da abun cikinsu na kuskure ba. 18:50.799 --> 18:57.400 Wani bambanci, in ji shi, za a iya yin shi da cikakken bayyananne. 18:57.400 --> 19:09.647 Kuma ga jimla mabuɗi: "Inda ba a neman adalci kwata-kwata, inda aka yi gangan watsi da daidaito, wanda yake a tsakiyar 19:09.647 --> 19:22.759 adalci, wajen kafa doka ta hukuma, dokar ba wai kawai ba daidai ba ce, har ma ba ta da kowace halin doka kwata-kwata." 19:22.759 --> 19:32.541 Domin doka, ko da doka mai kyau, ba za a iya ayyana ta ba sai a matsayin umarni da doka 19:32.541 --> 19:38.008 wanda manufarsa ita ce yi wa adalci hidima. 19:38.008 --> 19:44.400 Dole ne doka ta yi hidimar adalci, in ba haka ba, rashin adalci ce. 19:44.400 --> 19:51.951 Kuma ya ci gaba da cewa: "Inda ba a neman adalci ko kadan, tsarin da aka kafa haka ba zai 19:51.951 --> 19:57.079 kasance komai ba face nuna iko, ba ka'idodin doka ba." 19:57.079 --> 20:05.485 Don haka, doka da ke hana wasu mutane hakkokinsu na ɗan adam ba ƙa'idar doka ba ce. 20:14.319 --> 20:23.322 An sannan an haɗa ka'idar Radbruch cikin dokar shari'a ta Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya a shari'o'in da ake kira 20:23.322 --> 20:28.680 "Wall shooter" bayan rushewar Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Jamus. 20:28.680 --> 20:36.446 Dokar ko umarni da ke umartar jami'in tsaron iyaka ya harbe duk wanda ke ƙoƙarin barin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar 20:36.446 --> 20:41.000 Jamus na Gabas ba daidai ba ne kuma ya kamata a hukunta shi. 20:41.000 --> 20:49.000 Kuma a nan muna zuwa kai tsaye ga tanadi na gaba mai muhimmanci, Sashe na 7 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam: 20:49.000 --> 20:51.559 Babu hukunci ba tare da doka ba: 20:51.559 --> 21:01.969 sakin layi na 1 ya bayyana cewa dole ne a sami doka ga kowace hukunci na laifi. Ba za a iya kakaba hukunci mafi tsanani 21:01.969 --> 21:07.880 fiye da hukuncin da ya dace a lokacin da aka aikata laifin ba. 21:07.880 --> 21:13.440 Sai dai, akwai wata muhimmiyar ƙari ga wannan, wato a sakin layi na 2: 21:13.440 --> 21:24.624 Wannan tanadi ba zai yi tasiri wajen shari'a da hukuncin duk wani mutum ba saboda kowace aiki ko rashin yin aiki da, a 21:24.624 --> 21:36.525 lokacin da aka aikata shi, ya kasance laifi bisa ga dokar da ƙasashe masu ci gaba suka amince da ita gaba ɗaya. 21:36.525 --> 21:45.713 Haka kuma, a cikin Sashe na 38 na Dokar Gudanarwa ta Kotun Duniya ta Shari'a, Kotun Taura Laifuka ta Duniya 21:45.713 --> 21:53.480 tana aiwatar da ka'idojin doka na gama gari da ƙasashe masu tarbiyya suka amince da su. 21:53.480 --> 22:01.509 An haɗa ka'idojin doka da aka amince da su gabaɗaya, waɗanda suka fi doka muhimmanci, cikin 22:01.509 --> 22:07.039 doka ta zahiri, don haka suna da ɗaurewa ta doka. 22:07.039 --> 22:11.006 Haka nan ya shafi Tarayyar Turai: 22:11.006 --> 22:17.880 Ka'idodin doka na gabaɗaya suna ɓangare na dokar farko ta Tarayyar Turai. 22:17.880 --> 22:26.000 Wannan yana nufin girmama hakkin bil'adama na asali, daidaitaccen mu'amala da daidaiton matakai. 22:26.000 --> 22:34.920 Domin fahimtar tsarin matakan ƙa'idoji, ina so in yi taƙaitaccen bayani kan tsarin tsarin shari'a. 22:34.920 --> 22:41.564 Tsarin matakai na tsarin doka a matsayin tsarin ƙa'idoji yana nufin cewa kowace ƙa'ida mai 22:41.564 --> 22:45.387 matsayi ƙasa dole ta bi ƙa'ida mai matsayi sama. 22:45.387 --> 22:51.868 Dole ne a samar da shi bisa ga ƙa'ida mafi girma, in ba haka ba ba ta da halalci. 22:51.868 --> 22:56.482 A Ostiriya, mun tsara tsarin matakai na tsarin shari'a kamar haka. 22:56.482 --> 23:03.666 Duk da haka, wannan ma ya shafi sauran tsarin doka, ciki har da kasashen da ke cikin Tarayyar Turai. 23:03.666 --> 23:09.387 Mataki na 1: Mafi girman mataki ya ƙunshi ka'idojin asali na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayya. 23:09.387 --> 23:16.494 Waɗannan su ne ka'idodin dimokuradiyya, jamhuriyya, 'yanci, tarayya da na kundin tsarin mulki. 23:16.494 --> 23:25.269 Mataki na 2: Dokar farko ta Tarayya, wato yarjejeniyoyin Tarayya. Kuma abin da ya fi muhimmanci, Kundin 23:25.269 --> 23:34.647 Haƙƙoƙin Asali na Tarayyar Turai a matsayin doka ta farko, sannan kuma manyan ƙa'idodin doka. 23:34.647 --> 23:41.705 Mataki na 3: Dokar Tarayyar Turai ta biyu, wacce ta haɗa da dokokin da hukumomin Tarayyar Turai 23:41.705 --> 23:45.400 suka amince da su, musamman ƙa'idoji da umarnin. 23:45.400 --> 23:53.359 Mataki na 4: Dokokin tsarin mulkin tarayya da dokokin tsarin mulkin jihohi na kowace jiha. 23:53.359 --> 24:00.271 Mataki na biyar: Dokokin tarayya da dokokin jihohi a matsayin dokoki masu sauƙi, waɗanda 24:00.271 --> 24:04.286 dole ne su kasance bisa ga dokokin tsarin mulki. 24:04.286 --> 24:09.781 Mataki na 6: Ka'idoji – waɗannan su ne tanade-tanade na doka na gabaɗaya da hukumomin gudanarwa suka fitar, 24:09.781 --> 24:12.956 waɗanda za a iya aiwatar da su ne kawai bisa ga dokoki. 24:12.956 --> 24:19.680 Mataki na 7: Sannan yanke shawara kan kowace lamari: hukunci, umarni da shawara. 24:19.680 --> 24:26.832 Idan, kamar yadda na fada, wata ƙa'idar doka ta saba wa wannan tsarin matakai na ƙa'idodin doka, to – a cewar 24:26.832 --> 24:33.119 fahimtata ta doka da ka'idar rashin inganci – gaba ɗaya ba ta da inganci kuma ba ta da ƙarfi. 24:33.119 --> 24:38.640 Wannan zai nufin cewa ba za a kunna wani wajibci na bin doka ba ma. 24:38.640 --> 24:43.960 A nan mun zo ga babu amfani: Dokar da ba ta da adalci ba doka ba ce. 24:43.960 --> 24:50.839 Dokar da ba ta da adalci ba doka ce kwata-kwata, kamar karin magana ta Latin. 24:50.839 --> 24:58.008 Tsarin doka na ka'idar rushewa, wadda doka mafi girma ke kawar da – wato ta zarce – doka mafi 24:58.008 --> 25:02.926 ƙanƙanci, wadda take cikakke kuma ba za a iya soke ta ba. 25:02.926 --> 25:07.839 A cikin wannan ma'anar, ba a buƙatar wata ƙalubale daban. 25:07.839 --> 25:12.839 Ana kiran wani abu da ake kira "tasirin Eo ipso". 25:12.839 --> 25:21.599 A gefe guda, akidar lissafin kuskure, wacce aka saba da ita a Ostiriya kuma aka tsara ta a cikin doka: 25:21.599 --> 25:29.756 Duk da haramtarsu, irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna nan suna aiki kuma suna da tilas har sai an soke su ta 25:29.756 --> 25:34.880 hanyar ƙalubale daga wata hukuma ta gwamnati mai izini. 25:34.880 --> 25:43.534 Wannan ba ya dace da fahimtar dimokuradiyya da kundin tsarin mulki, da tsarin shari'a 25:43.534 --> 25:49.400 mai ma'ana da tsari a matsayin tsarin matakai. 25:49.400 --> 25:58.658 A cikin dokar masu zaman kansu ta Ostiriya, duk da haka, Sashe na 879(1) ya ce: Kwangila da ta karya 25:58.658 --> 26:04.680 haramcin doka ko ta saba wa manufar jama'a ba ta da inganci. 26:04.680 --> 26:12.759 Don haka a dokar masu zaman kansu ba bu buƙatar muhawara, amma a dokar jama'a tabbas akwai. 26:12.759 --> 26:21.232 Kuma Kotun Tsarin Mulki a Ostiriya har ma tana da zaɓi na barin wannan doka marar doka 26:21.232 --> 26:26.104 ta ci gaba da aiki har tsawon watanni 18 (!). 26:26.104 --> 26:35.640 A ganina, wannan ba ya dace da ka'idojin mulkin doka kuma ya dogara ne kawai ga akidar ƙididdigar 26:35.640 --> 26:42.400 kuskure mai matuƙar shakka da wani matakin tabbacin doka. 26:42.400 --> 26:50.200 Dokar kanta tana ba wa waɗanda ƙa'idojin suka shafa haƙƙin taimakon kai. 26:50.200 --> 26:54.319 Mafi yawan amfani kuma mafi sanani shine kare kai: 26:54.319 --> 27:00.680 Idan rashin adalci ya zama doka, tawaye ya zama wajibi. Bertolt Brecht 27:00.680 --> 27:06.240 Sashe na 3 na Dokar Laifuka ta Ostiriya yana tsara kare kai: 27:06.240 --> 27:16.895 Mutum ba ya aikata abin da doka ta haramta idan ya yi amfani da kariyar da ta zama dole kawai don dakile hari marar doka da ke 27:16.895 --> 27:26.535 faruwa a halin yanzu ko mai tsanani – abin da ya fi muhimmanci, hari marar doka – a kan rayuwarsa ko rayuwar wani, 27:26.535 --> 27:36.200 lafiyarsa, cikakkiyar jikinsa, cikakkiyar jima'insa da ikon yanke shawara da kansa, 'yancinsa ko dukiyarsa. 27:36.200 --> 27:45.137 Sharuddan kare kai, waɗanda dole ne a cika su duka, sune: kare kai da ya zama dole, hari na yanzu ko mai 27:45.137 --> 27:55.720 barazanar faruwa nan ba da jimawa ba, rashin halaccin harin, da kuma hari kan dukiya da za a iya karewa. 27:55.720 --> 28:08.491 Harin da doka mai ƙarfi ta halatta, wato ta hanyar doka ko ƙa'ida – ko da kuwa ƙasa mai nuna tashin hankali ce 28:08.491 --> 28:15.425 – ba ya zama kare kai, domin harin ba haramtacce ba ne. 28:15.425 --> 28:24.920 Ka'idar tana nan aiki ko da an soke ta daga baya ta kotu a matsayin ba bisa doka ba. 28:24.920 --> 28:35.490 Duk da haka, idan na ɗauki matsayin da nake goyon baya – ka'idar rashin inganci, wato nazari na tsari kan tsarin matakai na tsarin 28:35.490 --> 28:44.923 shari'a – cewa irin waɗannan ƙa'idoji ba su da wani inganci kwata-kwata, to harin da gwamnati ke yi ta keta iyaka ba 28:44.923 --> 28:51.220 bisa ka'ida ba ne, kuma aikin kare kai zai kasance halal. 28:52.821 --> 29:06.119 Wani hakki na taimakon kai da ake yawan samu: yanayi na gaggawa. 29:06.119 --> 29:14.039 Ina so in fara da wata magana mai dacewa sosai daga Ludwig von Mises, wadda ta dace musamman da zamaninmu: 29:14.039 --> 29:25.539 Babu wata barazana mafi girma ga al'umma fiye da gwamnatin mutane marasa kwarewa, masu cin hanci ko masu mugunta. 29:33.453 --> 29:39.673 Yanayin sauƙaƙe a dokar Ostiriya ana tsara su a Sashe na 10(1) na Dokar Laifuka. 29:39.673 --> 29:43.720 Ana tsara shi ta hanya iri ɗaya a sauran tsarin doka. 29:43.720 --> 29:55.708 Kowa da ya aikata aikin da ake hukunta domin kauce wa wata babbar illa mai tsanani da ke gabatowa ga kansa ko ga wani, ana yafewa 29:55.708 --> 30:06.210 idan barnar da aikin ke haifarwa ba ta yi tsanani fiye da kima ba – wato dole ne a yi amfani da gwajin daidaito – 30:06.210 --> 30:15.724 kuma ba za a iya tsammanin wani hali dabam daga mutum mai alaƙa da ƙimomin da doka ke karewa ba. 30:15.724 --> 30:21.519 – wato rashin hankali na kowace irin hali da daidaito. 30:21.519 --> 30:26.480 Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma yanayin gaggawa, wanda ya fi doka daraja. 30:26.480 --> 30:36.645 An ce: Aikin kare kai da aka ɗauka a lokacin gaggawa ba laifi ba ne idan muradin doka da za a 30:36.645 --> 30:43.039 kare ya fi daraja fiye da muradin da aka lalata. 30:43.039 --> 30:50.799 Ina so in koma ga dokokin shari'a na yanzu, musamman a Jamus: 30:50.799 --> 31:01.503 Bayar da takardun likita na ƙarya da likitoci suka fitar dangane da takardun izinin wucewa na maski na COVID-19 da takardun 31:01.503 --> 31:11.076 allurar rigakafin COVID-19, an kimanta shi daidai a matsayin mataki na gaggawa, ko da kuwa aka ɗauka cewa irin 31:11.076 --> 31:17.040 waɗannan dokokin coronavirus ba su saba wa doka ba tun farko. 31:17.040 --> 31:22.839 Ba wai kawai an yafe musu a idona ba, har ma sun yi daidai. 31:22.839 --> 31:33.920 Domin lafiyar dan adam da rayuwa sun fi muhimmanci fiye da haƙƙin doka na dogaro da takardun shaida na likita. 31:33.920 --> 31:46.334 Shi ne babban aikin likita: Primum non nocere, da farko kada a yi lahani – secundum cavere, kare, a yi taka 31:46.334 --> 31:54.099 tsantsan – tertium sanare, a ƙarshe warkar da lafiya. 32:06.200 --> 32:14.082 Saboda haka, a ra'ayina, bai kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin aikin dole ba, sai dai a matsayin cikakken rashin 32:14.082 --> 32:21.880 ingancin irin waɗannan ƙa'idojin rashin adalci, waɗanda ba za a iya ɗaukarsu a matsayin ingantattu ba. 32:21.880 --> 32:28.303 Ina ganin cewa bai kamata a bar kotuna su ci gaba da amfani da irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi ba, 32:28.303 --> 32:33.339 domin hakan na cutar da likitocin da ake tuhuma. 32:41.920 --> 32:50.512 Na ce tun farko cewa duk wanda ya aikata abin da ba bisa doka ba, ko ya aiwatar da dokoki 32:50.512 --> 32:55.079 marasa inganci, dole ne a ɗauke shi alhaki. 32:55.079 --> 33:03.359 Alhaki: Wanene ke da alhaki, wanene ke da laifi, kuma har zuwa wane mataki ake iya hukunta su? 33:03.359 --> 33:05.720 Wani magana daga Hannah Arendt game da wannan batu: 33:05.720 --> 33:14.733 Babu wanda ke da hakkin amfani da biyayya a matsayin hujja don tabbatar da cewa aikinsa daidai 33:14.733 --> 33:19.519 ne. Biyayya ba hujja ce ta aikata wani abu ba. 33:19.519 --> 33:25.579 Muna da ikon yanke shawara da kanmu; darajar ɗan adam tana buƙatar hakan. 33:32.920 --> 33:42.167 Idan wani ƙa'ida da ya saba wa doka a cikin tsarin ƙa'idoji ya zama babu inganci kwata-kwata, to ba ya cikin tsarin shari'a. 33:42.167 --> 33:49.599 Saboda haka, ba lallai ne a bi shi ba kuma ba a iya amfani da shi ko da ta hannun gwamnati ko kotuna. 33:49.599 --> 33:58.659 Idan duk da haka aka aiwatar da shi, hakan yana nufin aiwatar da aiki ba tare da tushen doka ba – don haka a mafi 33:58.659 --> 34:08.639 mahimmanci take ne na ka'idar doka – kuma ana danganta shi ga hukumar gwamnati wadda jikokinta suka aiwatar da hakan. 34:08.639 --> 34:19.466 Duk da haka, a gare ni, wannan ba wai kawai ya tabbatar da alhakin jiha ba – wanda a ƙarshe mu kanta ne – har ma da na 34:19.466 --> 34:29.008 hukumomin da ke aiwatar da ayyuka, gwargwadon ikon fahimtarsu da laifinsu – musamman ga manyan hukumomin 34:29.008 --> 34:35.639 gudanarwa da na kololuwa, wato gwamnatoci da majalisun dokoki. 34:35.639 --> 34:45.496 Abin da ya shafi kowane ɗan ƙasa a matsayin masu karɓar ƙa'idoji dole ne ya fi shafa jiha, ikon ta da gwamnatocinta, 34:45.496 --> 34:51.480 kuma a ƙarshe ga waɗannan hukumomin da ke aiwatar da ayyuka. 34:51.480 --> 34:58.559 Babu wanda za a iya wanke shi daga laifi da alhaki saboda jahilci game da doka. 34:58.559 --> 35:02.760 Jin baki ga doka ba uzuri ba ne. 35:02.760 --> 35:12.059 Wannan ba ya shafa 'yan ƙasa kaɗai ba, har ma duk ma'aikatan gwamnati, alkalai da duk hukumomin gwamnati. 35:21.159 --> 35:34.280 Don fayyace iyakokin alhaki, ina nuni ga Sashe na 9 na Dokar Laifuka ta Ostiriya, wadda ake kira tanadin kuskuren doka. 35:34.280 --> 35:41.906 sakin layi na 1: Duk wanda bai gane cewa aikatawa ba daidai ba ne saboda kuskuren doka, ba shi da 35:41.906 --> 35:46.159 laifi idan ba za a iya zarginsa da kuskuren ba. 35:46.159 --> 35:54.164 Tabbas yana da wahala, ko ma ba zai yiwu ba a lokuta da dama, a sukar hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi saboda ba sa 35:54.164 --> 36:02.119 fassara hakkokin asali iri ɗaya da yadda lauya mai ƙwararre kan kundin tsarin mulki zai yi. 36:02.119 --> 36:08.249 sakin layi na 2: Kuskuren doka ne za a ɗauka alhaki idan mai laifi ya iya gane laifin 36:08.249 --> 36:12.519 cikin sauƙi kamar yadda kowa zai iya gane shi. 36:12.519 --> 36:20.284 Lokacin da ya zama dole ga yara da ɗalibai su sa maski a cikin ajujuwa na tsawon watanni 36:20.284 --> 36:25.360 saboda matakan coronavirus da ba su da tushen hujja. 36:25.360 --> 36:34.961 Idan waɗannan yara da ɗalibai har sai sun sa murfi a wasu lokuta yayin darussan motsa jiki – wanda yake cutar da 36:34.961 --> 36:44.159 lafiya kuma ya saba gaba ɗaya da mafi alherin yaro – to rashin adalcin ya kasance a bayyane a gare ni. 36:44.159 --> 36:53.648 Kuma jimla ta biyu: Ko idan mai laifi bai saba da ƙa'idojin da suka dace ba, duk da cewa ya kamata ya 36:53.648 --> 36:58.880 yi hakan saboda sana'arsa, aikinsa ko wasu yanayi. 36:58.880 --> 37:07.687 Ina sa ran kowane ma'aikacin gwamnati zai saba kansa da ka'idojin hakkin bil'adama na asali da suka dace, musamman idan 37:07.687 --> 37:16.679 ana maganar aiwatar da dokokin tsangwama, kuma ya yanke shawara kan wannan batu, ko a kalla ya yi adawa . 37:16.679 --> 37:23.660 sakin layi na 3: Idan laifin ya zama na mai laifi, za a yi amfani da hukuncin da aka tanada don aikatawa da gangan idan mai laifin 37:23.660 --> 37:31.480 ya aikata da gangan, kuma za a yi amfani da hukuncin da aka tanada don aikatawa da sakaci idan mai laifin ya aikata da sakaci. 37:31.480 --> 37:41.320 Jihar kanta, a kusan kowane hali, ba za ta iya amfani da kuskuren doka a matsayin hujja don kauce wa alhaki da ɗawainiyarta ba. 37:41.320 --> 37:49.800 Saboda ya san ka'idojin doka da ya kafa da kansa sosai, kuma dole ne ya san su. 37:49.800 --> 37:58.911 Maimakon haka, maganar ta shafi mutanen da ke aiki a madadin jiha, waɗanda za a iya kuma ya kamata a sa 37:58.911 --> 38:04.480 ran suna da ƙwarewa a aikinsu da fannonin ayyukansu. 38:04.480 --> 38:15.528 Alhakin amsa, nauyi da alhakin ɗauka – waɗanda suke zama abin da aka saba a dokar masu zaman kansu a matakin kwance 38:15.528 --> 38:27.079 tsakanin mutane masu zaman kansu – dole ne su yi aiki ba tare da wata takura ba a dokar gwamnati a matakin tsaye. 38:27.079 --> 38:37.423 Sai ta wannan hanya kaɗai, ta hanyar ɗaukar alhakin duk masu ruwa da tsaki, za a iya ƙirƙirar tsarin cikakken kariya na hakkokin 38:37.423 --> 38:42.800 asali wanda ya dogara kan haƙƙin mutum na yanke shawara da kansa. 38:42.800 --> 38:50.039 Waɗanda ba za a iya ɗaukar su da alhaki ba ba za su ji suna da alhaki ba. 38:50.039 --> 39:01.360 Amma waɗanda suka gane haƙƙinsu na ɗaukar alhaki za su cika wajibcin ɗaukar alhaki. 39:01.360 --> 39:12.559 Yanzu na zo ga ƙarshe na da buƙata, wata haƙƙin asali – wanda, a cewar fahimtata ta doka, ya kamata ya kasance bayyananne da 39:12.559 --> 39:18.400 kansa – amma ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin jerin haƙƙoƙin asali. 39:18.400 --> 39:25.119 Siyasa da ilimin doka suna da wani na musamman alhaki a wannan fanni. 39:25.119 --> 39:28.159 Sharadi don dama: 39:28.159 --> 39:35.800 Ba a halitta mutane don doka; sai dai doka ce ya kamata a halitta don mutane. 39:35.800 --> 39:40.239 Mutum ba bawa ne na jiha ba. 39:40.239 --> 39:50.619 Mutum ne mai ƙirƙirar jiha, kuma jiha dole ta yi wa mai ƙirƙirarta hidima, ba akasin haka ba. 39:58.280 --> 40:05.199 A ƙarshe, ina kiran a sake fasalta waɗannan abubuwa a matsayin haƙƙin asali: 40:05.199 --> 40:14.364 Ka'idojin doka da suka take mutuncin ɗan adam, haƙƙoƙin asali da haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci ba su da 40:14.364 --> 40:20.079 inganci na ƙa'ida kuma gaba ɗaya ba su da tasiri. 40:20.079 --> 40:29.519 Babu wanda ake tilasta masa ya bi su, kuma babu wanda ke da hakkin tilastawa wasu su bi su. 40:29.519 --> 40:34.719 Haka za mu hana annobar coronavirus ta biyu har abada! 40:34.719 --> 40:38.300 Na gode da kulawarku. 40:46.993 --> 40:54.973 Abin al'ajabi! Dr. Brunner, ina gode maka a madadin dukkan al'ummar duniya. 40:54.973 --> 40:58.275 Ina yaba yadda kake haɗa lauyoyi. 40:58.275 --> 41:02.621 Shi ne mafi kyawun mafita da za mu iya ƙoƙarin cimma. 41:02.621 --> 41:04.719 Mutane suna kamar kananan yara. 41:04.719 --> 41:07.146 Ku ne ubabbanmu, kun san doka. 41:07.146 --> 41:09.889 Ka bayyana shi da kyau sosai, mun fahimta. 41:09.889 --> 41:12.913 Muna yi maka fatan alheri da kuma tarin sauran alherai. 41:12.913 --> 41:17.013 Mutane ba za su taɓa mantawa cewa su ne masu iko ba. 41:17.013 --> 41:23.823 Kuma gwamnati ba ita ce ta fi ni ba, sai dai ita ce ma'aikacina. 41:23.823 --> 41:27.492 Na gode, na gode, na gode! 41:36.745 --> 41:40.599 An ƙirƙiri waɗannan samarwa ne a lokacin taron Gamayyar Yaki da Takunkumi a Switzerland. 41:40.599 --> 41:41.639 AZK ba ta neman wata moriyar kuɗi. Ko masu farawa, ko masu magana, ko Kla.TV ba su karɓi wani lada ba don wannan rikodi. 41:41.639 --> 41:42.319 Muna so mu jaddada cewa ana iya sake yin kwafi da kuma aika wannan bidiyo sau da yawa 41:42.319 --> 41:42.880 yadda ake so a cikin sifarsa ba tare da canji ba. 41:42.880 --> 41:43.530 AZK ba ta da alhakin abun cikin kowane gudummawa. AZK ba ta ɗauki ɓangare a siyasa ko 41:43.530 --> 41:43.959 addini ba, don haka ba ta tantance masu jawabi ba. 41:43.959 --> 41:44.974 Wadannan labarai an rubuta su ne don dalilan bayani kawai kuma ba su nuna ra'ayin AZK ba. AZK 41:44.974 --> 41:45.173 cibiyar bayani ce mai tsaka-tsaki a kowane fanni. 41:45.173 --> 41:45.768 Kowane mai jawabi yana da alhakin gudummawarsa kaɗai, ba na sauran gudummawa ko na AZK 41:45.768 --> 41:46.566 ba, domin babu wata alaƙar dogaro a tsakaninsu. 41:46.566 --> 41:48.160 Muhimmin bayani: An duba bayanan da aka gabatar anan gwargwadon ilimi da imaninmu. 41:48.160 --> 41:49.484 Duk da haka, masu jawabi da masu shirya bidiyon ba su da alhaki kan sakamakon da zai biyo baya daga ayyuka ko rashin yin 41:49.484 --> 41:50.719 wani abu da ya shafi abun cikin wannan bidiyo. Kowa ne ke da cikakken alhaki kan yadda zai bi da abin da ya ji.