WEBVTT

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Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nemithetho esemthethweni
nemithetho ye-AZK lutholakala ekupheleni kwethulwa.

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Ngemva kwethulwa okubalulekile kukaDkt. Broudy waseJapane,
manje samukela isikhulumi esihloniphekile esivela e-Austria.

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Unedigri ye-doktorethi kwezomthetho futhi ubhekana nenkinga
eyinhloko yokuthi kuphathwe kanjani noma

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kuqhutshwe kanjani amacala lapho imithetho ingalungile,
okungukuthi ayivumelani nomthetho, nemiphumela yazo.

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Kodwa uyazi, kubantu abavamile njengami
nathi, akekho ngempela umthetho ongafanele.

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Kithi, lokho kungaba njengomama weKhisimusi omubi.

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Futhi yingakho singasoze sicabange ukuthi ukungabi
nabulungisa okunjalo kungaphula isithunzi sethu nobuntu bethu.

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Kodwa-ke yilokho ngempela umbono ongamanga ojwayelekile!

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Futhi uDkt. jur. Michael Brunner manje uzophikisa le
mibono engcuphayo ngemibono yakhe eyisithupha futhi

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akhombise izindlela zokuphuma kulesi simo esingakaze siqashelwe.

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Kodwa ngaphambi kokumamukela lapha enkundleni,
nansi isifinyezo esifushane somsebenzi wakhe.

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U-Dkt. Michael Brunner wathola iziqu zakhe
zobudokotela ngo-1990 ngemva kokufunda umthetho futhi

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wasebenza njengommeli e-Austria iminyaka engu-31.

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Kusukela ngoMashi 2020, ube ngumgxeki osebenzayo wezinyathelo
zokuvikela i-coronavirus, efaka izikhalazo eNkantolo

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yoMthethosisekelo ngokumelene nalezi zinyathelo, ekhuluma
emibhikishweni, eshicilela amavidiyo, nokunye okunjalo.

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Futhi manje isifinyezo somsebenzi wakhe kwezombusazwe:

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Okthoba 2020:

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Ukusungulwa kwe-"Abameli bamalungelo
ayisisekelo – Abameli bokukhanyisa" eVienna

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Februwari 2021:

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Isisekelo seqembu lezombusazwe "MFG –
Abantu, Inkululeko, Amalungelo Ayisisekelo"

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Kusukela ekwindla ka-2021: Iqembu lakhe
lingena ePhalamende lombuso lase-Upper Austria;

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Impumelelo yokhetho lwamakhansela asemakhaya
e-Upper Austria, e-Lower Austria naseTyrol

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Ikwindla 2022:

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Umfakisicelo we-MFG ekhethweni lukamongameli kazwelonke ekwindla.

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Wazibeka njengomphikisi wohlelo lwezombusazwe.

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Julayi 2023:

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Ilungu elisungulile le-International Attorneys of Law,
inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ebhekene nemithetho emhlabeni wonke.

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Novemba 2023:

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Umhlalaphansi njengommeli osebenzayo.

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Kusukela ngoDisemba 2023, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokufundisa
kanye nomsebenzi wezomthetho oqhubekayo njengomeluleki, njll.

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UDkt. Brunner ukhuluma namuhla ngo- "Isithunzi somuntu
siyisilinganiso sobulungisa – konke okunye akulungile."

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Ngithanda ukunibingelela nonke ngokufudumele futhi ngiveze
ukubonga kwami okujulile ngokungithola ithuba lokunikela

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engxoxweni yanamuhla ngalesi sihloko
esibalulekile, okungukuthi ukwahlukaniswa

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ngokomthetho kwemithetho engalungile nemiphumela yayo.

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Isithunzi somuntu siyisilinganiso sobulungisa.

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Isithunzi somuntu kumele sibe
yisilinganiso sobulungisa, kungenjalo akusobulungisa.

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Umthetho nobulungisa abazange babe amagama afanayo.

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Umthetho awusho ngempela ukuthi kuwubulungisa.

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Ubulungisa akudingeki kube umthetho.

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Umthetho ngaphandle kobulungisa akubulungisa.

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Ubulungisa buhlale kuyobulungisa.

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Yini ubulungisa ngokomthetho?

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Ubulungisa kuwukuhlola ulwazi.

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Ukuphatha izinto ezifanayo ngokulingana,
nokuphatha izinto ezingalingani ngokungalingani.

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Noma ukwenza ngendlela yokuthi izenzo
zesimiso sakho esiyinhloko zingakhuphuka zibe

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umthetho jikelele, njengoba uImmanuel Kant esho.

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Noma nje umthetho wokuthula – ngoba akukho
ukuthula ngaphandle kokulunga; akukho ukuthula

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ngaphandle kokulinganisela kwezintshisekelo.

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Uma ubulungisa bebungafana futhi kungekho
mithetho engalungile, khona-ke indatshana yami,

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ukwethula kwami, bekuzobe sekuphelile, ngokujwayelekile.

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Nokho, iqiniso lisifundisa okuthile okuhlukile.

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Usifundisa ukuthi umgomo wobulungisa awukafezeki.

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Akukhona emkhakheni wezomthetho noma emkhakheni wezepolitiki.

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Imithetho engavumelekile, engalungile idluliselwa yiphalamende.

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Zisetshenziswa ngumkhakha wobuholi futhi
ziphoqelelwa ngumkhakha wezobulungiswa.

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Bonke bayaphansi kwezibopho zokuhambisana.

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Izakhamuzi ziphoqelekile
ukulandela ngisho nemithetho engalungile.

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Indaba eyinhloko engibhekene nayo izinyanga eziningi –
ngingakwazi kuphela ukuphinda ingxenye

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yomsebenzi wami lapha – ukwahlukaniswa ngokomthetho
kwemigomo yomthetho engalungile nemiphumela yayo.

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Kimina, iphuzu lokuqala lokunquma ukuthi
umthetho ulungile noma awulungile yisithunzi somuntu.

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Yisimiso somthetho esiphakeme kunazo zonke
emthethweni wemvelo nasemthethweni owenziwe ngabantu.

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Kuyisimiso esiyinhloko sezinhlelo
zomthetho eziphucuzekile, esisekelwe kokubili

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emthethweni ojwayelekile nasemthethosisekelo .

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Ohlelweni lwedemokhrasi olususelwe ekubuseni
komthetho, wonke amalungelo avela kubantu.

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Inkululeko nokulingana yizinsika zedemokhrasi.

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Yize abantu benikele amandla abo emaqenjini
ezombusazwe ukuze bawamele, abantu bahlala

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bengamandla aphakeme abameleli abaphendula kubo.

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Yize ekusebenzisweni kwedemokhrasi yemele amandla ezombangazwe
ekhulayo futhi esabalala kuzo zonke izinhlaka

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zomphakathi nezakhiwo zomphakathi, idemokhrasi
ikhona kuphela uma ihambisana nokuthanda kwabantu.

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Imithetho ephikisana nabantu noma ephikisana nobulungiswa
ayilungile nhlobo, futhi ayisekelwa yintando yabantu.

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Abantu, ababusi, abazange banikeze amalungelo abo
kubamele ukuze laba bamele bakwazi ukwenza imithetho

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ngenxa yabo siqu noma ngokuphikisana nokuthanda kwabantu.

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Noma ubani ongayihloniphi umthetho nobulungisa njengommeli kumele
abekwe icala futhi abekwe umthwalo wemfanelo ngezenzo zakhe!

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Umkhuba e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe, ngokweNkantolo
yoMthethosisekelo e-Austria nangokomthetho wase-Austria, wokuthi

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ngisho nemithetho engahambisani noMthethosisekelo kumele
isetshenziswe kuze kube yilapho isuswa – bese, uma kudingeka,

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phakathi nesikhathi sokulungisa esingafinyelela
ezinyangeni eziyi-18 – kusho ukuthi ukungabi

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nabulungisa kuba ngumthetho, engikuphika ngokuqinile.

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Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kungasebenzi, lapho ohulumeni
bengakwazi ngempumelelo ukwenza imithetho ngokwabo ngenxa

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yobuningi babo ePhalamende futhi bengasaphansi kokulawulwa
kwePhalamende, lapho ohulumeni begcwalisa izikhundla zokuphatha

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nezomthetho ngabantu abaqokwe kwezepolitiki, lapho izinhlangano
nezikhungo ezihlangene nohulumeni ziba yi-oligarchy , lapho

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inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yezemfundo nenkululeko
yezabezindaba zicenzurwa, lapho labo abacabanga ngokwehlukile

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behlaselwa ngamazwi, behlekiswa ngisho
behlukunyezwa, lapho ukuhlukahluka kwezindaba kubhujiswa –

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khona-ke sesikude kakhulu nanoma yiluphi umthetho.

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Ekugcineni, ngokushicilelwa kwamarekhodi eRobert Koch Institute,
kwaba yilokho okwaziwa yilabo abaningi, ngisho nabantu

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abajwayelekile, ukuthi akukaze kube nesisekelo
sobufakazi sanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuvikela i-coronavirus.

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Yakhuliswa ngokwamukelwa kwezombusazwe .

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Inhlekelele ye-coronavirus kusukela ngo-2020 kuya
ku-2023 ibe yisigameko esikhulu kunazo zonke

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sezomthetho nezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-1945!

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Ukuze lezi zisho zezepolitiki zingasebenzi
esikhathini esizayo, noma iyiphi ingabi nabulungisa kumele

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ingavunyelwe ukuvunywa ngokomthetho kusukela ekuqaleni!

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Noma ubani obamba iqhaza kulokhu kumele abekwe icala!

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Isithunzi somuntu – ngicaphuna uThomas Aquinas lapha:

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Noma yiliphi umthetho okhuphula isithunzi somuntu ulungile.

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Noma yiliphi umthetho ohlambalaza isithunzi somuntu awulungile.

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Isigaba 16 soMthetho Jikelele Wezomphakathi wase-Austria,
njengomthetho oyinhloko welungelo eliyisisekelo lobuntu,

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simemezela ukuthi wonke umuntu unamalungelo azalwe nawo acacile
ngokwengqondo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kumele abhekwe njengomuntu.

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Lokhu kubeka ilungelo eliyisisekelo lobuntu njengomgomo
wezomthetho nomgomo oyinhloko wezinhlelo zomthetho ezithuthukile.

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Amalungelo ayingxenye yemvelo yabantu.

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Lokhu kusho ukuthi azitholiwe noma
azibolekwa, impela hhayi nguhulumeni noma abamele.

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Akudingeki ukuthi zinikezwe noma zitholwe kuqala.

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Ziyingxenye yemvelo yobuntu, ekubeni umuntu.

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Isihloko 1 soMthetho Osisekelo waseJalimane siphinde simemezele:

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Isithunzi somuntu asiphulwa.

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Yisibopho seziphathimandla zombuso
zonke ukuhlonipha nokuvikela bona.

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Lawa malungelo ayisisekelo alandelayo
abophezela ePhalamende, kuhulumeni ophethe

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nasebhentshini lezomthetho njengomthetho osebenza ngqo.

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Futhi ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi nabo bayabopha imidiya.

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Ngaphezu kweSigaba 1 soMthetho Osekelweni, iSigaba 79
simemezela ukuthi umthethosisekelo uzohlala usebenza unomphela.

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Lawa malungelo ayisisekelo, ukungaphuliwe kwesithunzi somuntu,
angeke kushintshwe ngisho nangokulungiswa koMthethosisekelo.

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Akupheli.

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Isithunzi somuntu siyisisekelo sokuziphatha
esingapheli esidlula noma yiluphi uhlobo lukahulumeni.

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Ngoba yonke impilo yomuntu iyalingana
futhi inelungelo lokuphila ngokukhululekile.

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"Abantu, njengokuphetha ngokwabo, akufanele balahlwe njengendlela
yokufinyelela ekupheleni," ngokusho kuka-Immanuel Kant.

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Ngokwezinqumo ezibekiwe zenkantolo yomthethosisekelo kazwelonke
yaseJalimane, isithunzi somuntu siyisinqumo

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esiphakeme kunazo zonke soMthetho Osekelayo futhi siyisimiso
somthethosisekelo wohlelo lwezomthetho lwaseJalimane.

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Isithunzi somuntu siyisithunzi esiphakeme
kunazo zonke somthethosisekelo futhi asixoxiseki.

12:41.600 --> 12:47.301
Ngokufanayo, Isigaba 7 soMthethosisekelo
weMbuso we-Confederation yaseSwitzerland sithi

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isithunzi somuntu kumele sihlonishwe futhi sivikelwe.

12:51.285 --> 12:56.919
Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke
Samalungelo Abantu sango-10 Disemba 1948:

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Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile futhi belingana ngenhlonipho
namalungelo, banikezwe ingqondo nesazela, futhi kufanele

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baphathe omunye nomunye ngomoya wobudlelwane bokuba abafowethu.

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Isimemezelo Sokuzimela sase-United States,
esashicilelwa ngo- mhla ziyi-4 kuJulayi 1776,

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simemezela: Bonke abantu badalwe belingana.

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Bonke abantu banamalungelo angasuswa,
okuhlanganisa ukuphila, inkululeko nokufuna injabulo.

13:33.532 --> 13:41.524
Ukuhlonipha okungenamibandela, okubalulekile futhi
okungenamkhawulo kwesithunzi somuntu kuyisisekelo

13:41.524 --> 13:47.039
sobukhosi bomthetho nodemokhrasi, okungaxoxiswanga ngakho.

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Benza umugqa obomvu ophelele ongafanele ukudlula.

13:54.919 --> 14:03.638
Labo abaphula isithunzi somuntu baphula umbuso womthethosisekelo
wedemokhrasi nomthetho, ngaphandle kwawo

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akukho ubulungisa – akukho mthetho, akukho mbuso
ongaziguquli libe ibhendi yamaqembu abaphangi.

14:12.109 --> 14:21.659
Augustine waseHippo: "Susa ubulungisa, bese-ke umbuso
ungaba yini ngaphandle kwebhendi enkulu yezigebengu?"

14:30.123 --> 14:36.923
Ngokususelwa kulokho engikubiza, njengommeli, ngokuthi umgomo
oyinhloko ophakeme kunayo yonke wemigomo

14:36.923 --> 14:43.440
eyisisekelo yezinto eziyisisekelo – isithunzi
somuntu – ngifikile ezinhlangothini eziyisithupha.

14:43.440 --> 14:50.240
Kodwa kuqala, isitatimende esifushane sikaMartin Luther King.

14:50.240 --> 14:55.426
Ngingaba ngowokuqala ukukhuthaza ukulandela imithetho efanele.

14:55.426 --> 15:02.639
Umuntu akanayo kuphela umthwalo ngokomthetho kodwa futhi
ngokomqondo wokuziphatha wokulalela imithetho efanele.

15:02.639 --> 15:10.200
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu banesibopho
sokuziphatha sokunganaki imithetho engalungile.

15:10.200 --> 15:17.080
Ngiyavuma noSaint Augustine ukuthi
umthetho ongafanele akuyona nhlobo umthetho.

15:17.080 --> 15:24.399
Umthetho ongafanele akuyona umthetho,
kusho isisho esiphakeme sesiLatini.

15:24.399 --> 15:27.240
Futhi manje kuya kwezihloko eziyisithupha:

15:27.240 --> 15:33.657
Isihloko sokuqala: Umgomo oyisisekelo wohlelo
lwezomthetho, lapho yonke imithetho ithathwa khona,

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yisithunzi somuntu njengamalungelo angempela omuntu ngamunye.

15:38.240 --> 15:42.600
Akuyona ingqikithi noma indaba eqanjiwe.

15:42.600 --> 15:49.559
Isihloko sesibili: Umthetho ophakeme kunayo yonke
wudumo lomuntu njengamalungelo ayisisekelo omuntu ngamunye.

15:49.559 --> 15:53.639
Lawa amalungelo akhe angokwemvelo,
amalungelo ayisisekelo nenkululeko.

15:53.639 --> 15:59.279
Zakha izimiso eziyisisekelo zohlelo lwezomthetho.

15:59.279 --> 16:04.623
Isihloko sesithathu: Izimiso zomthetho
eziphula isithunzi somuntu namalungelo

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angokwemvelo azinamsebenzi nhlobo futhi azibalulekile.

16:08.799 --> 16:11.679
Abanawo ubuqiniso obuvamile.

16:11.679 --> 16:16.992
Ngalesi simo, ngimela isikhundla somfundiso
esivamile, umfundiso okuthiwa yi-dogma

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yokungasebenzi , sizokhuluma kabanzi ngalokhu kamuva.

16:20.279 --> 16:28.154
Isihloko sesine: Izimiso zomthetho eziphula amalungelo abalulekile
abantu nenkululeko yabo azisebenzi nhlobo futhi azibalulekile.

16:28.154 --> 16:31.000
Abanawo ubuqiniso obuvamile.

16:31.000 --> 16:38.720
Isihloko sesihlanu: Izimiso zomthetho eziphula izimiso
zomthetho eziphakeme ngokuphelele azisebenzi nhlobo.

16:38.720 --> 16:42.399
Abanawo ubuqiniso obuvamile.

16:42.399 --> 16:48.294
ithisisi yesithupha: Umthetho ophakeme ubusa
umthetho ophansi, wenza lowo ophansi ungabi

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namandla ngokuphelele futhi ungabi namthelela.

16:51.578 --> 16:57.639
Umthetho ongaphansi awukwazi ukudlula umthetho ophakeme.

16:57.639 --> 17:05.127
Ngingaqinisekisa lezi zindikimba engizisekelayo
ekuhlonipheni komuntu, kokubili ngokomthetho

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omuhle ngesimo somthetho nangokwemfundiso yomthetho.

17:10.440 --> 17:16.640
uGustav Radbruch wayengomunye wosolwazi
bezomthetho ababaluleke kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20.

17:16.640 --> 17:20.570
Wayengumpolitiki we-SPD futhi waphinde
wasebenza kabili njengoNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa

17:20.570 --> 17:23.160
we-Reich ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yaseWeimar.

17:23.160 --> 17:29.240
Waphila kusukela ngo-1878 kuya ku-1949.

17:29.240 --> 17:37.079
"Amandla angase asuselwe ekudingekeni, kodwa
awasoze asuselwe ekubophezelweni noma ekusemthethweni."

17:37.079 --> 17:47.720
Uchaza umngcele phakathi komthetho ongafanele, ongase
ungafaneleki, ongahlelwa ngenye indlela, noma ongachanekanga nje.

17:47.720 --> 17:58.920
Kuyiphutha nje umthetho ongafanele
osezingeni elithile lokungabi nabulungisa.

17:58.920 --> 18:06.200
Uchaza izizathu zakhe, okugcina
kuholela kufomula edumile kaRadbruch.

18:06.200 --> 18:14.825
Ngicaphuna: "Ukungqubuzana phakathi kobulungisa nokuqinisekiswa
komthetho kungenzeka kuxazululwe ngokunikeza umthetho

18:14.825 --> 18:23.279
omuhle, oqinisekiswa ngemithetho namandla, ngisho
noma okuqukethwe kwawo kungalungile futhi kungafanele."

18:23.279 --> 18:30.621
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuphikisana phakathi komthetho omuhle
nobulungisa kufinyelele ezingeni

18:30.621 --> 18:40.519
elingenakubekezelelwa, lapho umthetho, njengomthetho
ongafanele, kumele unikezele indawo kubulungisa.

18:40.519 --> 18:46.427
Akungeneki ukudweba umugqa ocacile phakathi kwezimo
zokungabi nobulungisa emthethweni nemithetho

18:46.427 --> 18:50.799
eqhubeka isebenza naphezu kokuqukethwe kwayo okungalungile.

18:50.799 --> 18:57.400
Umehluko omunye, ubhala, ungacaciswa ngokuphelele.

18:57.400 --> 19:09.448
Futhi nansi isivakashi esibalulekile: "Lapho ubulungisa
bungafuneki nhlobo, lapho ukulingana, okuyisisekelo sobulungisa,

19:09.448 --> 19:16.978
kuyinqatshelwe ngenhloso ekumisweni
komthetho, lo mthetho awuphelelanga nje

19:16.978 --> 19:22.759
kuphela, kodwa awunayo nhlobo imvelo yomthetho."

19:22.759 --> 19:38.008
Umthetho, ngisho nomthetho omuhle, awukwazi ukuchazwa ngaphandle
kokuba yilowo uhlelo nomthetho olunhloso yokuletha ubulungisa.

19:38.008 --> 19:44.400
Umthetho kumele usebenzele ubulungisa, kungenjalo uyobungeni.

19:44.400 --> 19:52.277
Futhi uyaqhubeka wathi: "Lapho ubulungisa
bungafuneki nhlobo, amalungiselelo adalwe kanjalo angaba

19:52.277 --> 19:57.079
yizimpawu zamandla kuphela, hhayi izimiso zomthetho."

19:57.079 --> 20:05.485
Ngakho-ke, umthetho owenqaba abantu abathile
amalungelo abo abantu akuyona iphrothokholi yomthetho.

20:14.319 --> 20:23.144
Ifomula kaRadbruch kamuva yafakwa emthethweni wamacala
weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo yoMbuso ezweni elaziwa

20:23.144 --> 20:28.680
ngokuthi izilingo zokudubula odongeni, ngemva kokuwa kwe-GDR.

20:28.680 --> 20:41.000
Umthetho noma umyalo oyalela umgcini womngcele ukuba adubule noma
ubani ozama ukuphuma e-GDR nawo awulungile futhi uyahlawuliswa.

20:41.000 --> 20:49.000
Futhi lapha siya ngqo esigabeni esilandelayo
esibalulekile, Isigaba 7 soMqulu waseYurophu Wamalungelo Abantu:

20:49.000 --> 20:51.559
Akukho isigwebo ngaphandle komthetho:

20:51.559 --> 21:02.233
Isigaba 1 sithi kumele kube nomthetho osunguliwe wesijeziso
ngasinye somonakalo. Akukho isijeziso esingabekwa esinzima

21:02.233 --> 21:07.880
kunesijeziso esasisebenza ngesikhathi kwenziwa umonakalo.

21:07.880 --> 21:13.440
Nokho, kunesihlengele esisodwa esibaluleke
kakhulu kulokhu, okungukuthi esigabeni sesi-2:

21:13.440 --> 21:23.761
Le ndatshana ngeke ithikameze ukwahlulelwa nokujeziswa kunoma
ubani ngenxa yesenzo noma ukunganaki

21:23.761 --> 21:36.525
okwakuyicala ngesikhathi kwenzeka, ngokwemigomo yomthetho
eyamukelwe ngokujwayelekile yizizwe ezithuthukile.

21:36.525 --> 21:45.760
Ngokufanayo, esigabeni 38 soMthetho weNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe
Yobulungiswa, iNkantolo Yobugebengu Yamazwe

21:45.760 --> 21:53.480
Ngamazwe isebenzisa izimiso ezijwayelekile
zomthetho ezamukelwe yizizwe ezithuthukile.

21:53.480 --> 22:01.161
Izimiso zomthetho ezivame ukuvunywa
ngokujwayelekile ezibeka phambili kunomthetho sezifakiwe

22:01.161 --> 22:07.039
emthethweni oqinile, ngakho-ke zibophezela ngokomthetho.

22:07.039 --> 22:11.006
Kuyafana nakuMbuso Wobumbano LwaseYurophu:

22:11.006 --> 22:17.880
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zomthetho
ziyingxenye yomthetho oyinhloko we-European Union.

22:17.880 --> 22:26.000
Lokhu kubhekisela ekuhlonipheni amalungelo
ayisisekelo, ekulinganisweni nasekulinganiselweni.

22:26.000 --> 22:34.920
Ukuze siqonde uhlaka lwemithetho, ngithanda
ukuchaza kafushane isakhiwo sohlelo lwezomthetho.

22:34.920 --> 22:41.836
Isakhiwo sezigaba sohlelo lwezomthetho njengohlu lwemithetho
esihlelwe ngokwezinga sisho ukuthi yonke imithetho esezingeni

22:41.836 --> 22:45.387
eliphansi kumele ilandele imithetho esezingeni eliphezulu.

22:45.387 --> 22:51.868
Kumele ikhiqizwe ngokuhambisana nesindinganiso
esiphakeme, kungenjalo ayivumelekile ngokomthetho.

22:51.868 --> 22:56.482
E-Austria, silawule isakhiwo sezigaba
sohlelo lwezomthetho ngokulandelayo.

22:56.482 --> 23:03.666
Nokho, lokhu kusebenza nakwezinye izinhlelo zomthetho,
kuhlanganise namazwe angaphakathi kwe-European Union.

23:03.666 --> 23:09.387
Izinga 1: Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu liqukethe
izimiso eziyisisekelo zoMthethosisekelo weSifundazwe.

23:09.387 --> 23:16.494
Lezi yizimiso zedemokhrasi, ezamaRiphabhulikhi,
ezamaLiberal, ezamaFederalist kanye nezomthethosisekelo.

23:16.494 --> 23:24.656
Isigaba sesi-2: Umthetho oyinhloko we-European Union, okungukuthi
izivumelwano ze-European Union. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu,

23:24.656 --> 23:29.921
iCharta Yamalungelo Ayisisekelo ye-European
Union njengomthetho oyinhloko, futhi

23:29.921 --> 23:34.647
ngokulandelana, izimiso ezijwayelekile zomthetho.

23:34.647 --> 23:41.304
Izinga 3: Umthetho wesibili we-EU,
ohlanganisa imithetho eyamukelwe izikhungo ze-EU,

23:41.304 --> 23:45.400
ikakhulukazi imithetho emibekiwe nemihlahlandlela.

23:45.400 --> 23:53.359
Izinga 4: Imithetho yomthethosisekelo kazwelonke
nemithetho yomthethosisekelo yezifundazwe ngazinye.

23:53.359 --> 23:59.981
Izinga lesi-5: Imithetho kazwelonke
nemithetho yezifundazwe njengemithetho elula

23:59.981 --> 24:04.286
okufanele ivumelane nemithetho yomthethosisekelo.

24:04.286 --> 24:09.849
Izinga 6: Imithetho – lezi yizinqubomgomo zomthetho
ezijwayelekile ezikhishwe iziphathimandla zokuphatha,

24:09.849 --> 24:12.956
ezingasetshenziswa kuphela ngokususelwa emthethweni.

24:12.956 --> 24:19.680
Isigaba sesi-7: Futhi-ke izinqumo
zamacala ngamunye: isigwebo, umyalelo nenqumo.

24:19.680 --> 24:26.123
Uma, njengoba ngishilo, umthetho uphikisana nalolu hlaka
lwezinhlinzeko zomthetho oluhlelwe ngokwezinga,

24:26.123 --> 24:33.119
khona-ke, ngokwokuqonda kwami ngomthetho nangokwemfundiso
yokungasebenzi, awusebenzi nhlobo futhi awunamandla.

24:33.119 --> 24:38.640
Lokhu kusho ukuthi akusoze
kwavuselelwa noma yiluphi uxanduva lokuhambisana.

24:38.640 --> 24:43.960
Lapha sifika ekungasebenzi: Umthetho ongafanele akuyona umthetho.

24:43.960 --> 24:50.839
Umthetho ongafanele akuyona umthetho
nhlobo, njengesisekelo esivela kuLatin.

24:50.839 --> 24:57.253
Ukusekelwa ngokomthetho komfundiso wokungasebenzi, lapho umthetho
ophakeme ukhansela – okusho ukuthi uthatha

24:57.253 --> 25:02.926
indawo – umthetho ophansi, ongawusebenzi
ngokuphelele futhi ongasoze wabuyiselwa emuva.

25:02.926 --> 25:07.839
Ngale ndlela, akudingeki inselelo ehlukile.

25:07.839 --> 25:12.839
Kwenzeka okubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-Eo ipso".

25:12.839 --> 25:21.599
Ngokuphambene nalokho, umgomo wokubala amaphutha,
ojwayelekile e-Austria futhi obhalwe emthethweni:

25:21.599 --> 25:29.723
Yize zingekho emthethweni, lezi zindinganiso zisahlala
zisebenza futhi zibophezela kuze kube zisuswa ngenxa

25:29.723 --> 25:34.880
yesimangalo esivela esikhungweni sikahulumeni esigunyaziwe.

25:34.880 --> 25:43.919
Lokhu akuhambisani nokuqonda kwedemokhrasi nokuqonda
komthethosisekelo kanye nesakhiwo esinengqondo nesihlelekile

25:43.919 --> 25:49.400
sohlelo lwezomthetho njengesakhiwo esihlelwe ngezinga.

25:49.400 --> 25:59.455
Emthethweni wangasese wase-Austria, nokho, isigaba
879(1) sithi: Isivumelwano esiphula ukuvinjelwa okusemthethweni

25:59.455 --> 26:04.680
noma esiphikisana nenqubomgomo yomphakathi asisebenzi.

26:04.680 --> 26:12.759
Ngakho-ke emthethweni wangasese akudingeki ukuphikisana,
kodwa emthethweni womphakathi ngempela kuyadingeka.

26:12.759 --> 26:21.180
Futhi iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo e-Austria
inenketho yokuvumela lo mthetho ongavumelekile

26:21.180 --> 26:26.104
ukuthi uqhubeke usebenza izinyanga eziyi-18 (!).

26:26.104 --> 26:36.505
Ngokombono wami, lokhu akuhambisani nezimiso zombuso womthetho
futhi kusekelwe kuphela emfundisweni ephikisanayo kakhulu yokubala

26:36.505 --> 26:42.400
amaphutha kanye nezinga elithile lokuqinisekiswa komthetho.

26:42.400 --> 26:50.200
Umthetho uqobo unika labo
abaphansi kwemithetho ilungelo lokuzisiza.

26:50.200 --> 26:54.319
Okujwayelekile kakhulu futhi okwaziwa kakhulu ukuzivikela:

26:54.319 --> 27:00.680
Uma ukungabi nobulungisa sekuyimthetho, ukumelana kuba isibopho.

27:00.680 --> 27:06.240
Isigaba 3 soMthetho Wezobugebengu
wase-Austria silawula ukuzivikela:

27:06.240 --> 27:15.681
Umuntu akaziphathi ngokungekho emthethweni uma esebenzisa kuphela
ukuvikelwa okudingekayo ukuze avikele ekuhlaselweni okungekho

27:15.681 --> 27:24.082
emthethweni okwamanje noma okusondelayo – okubalulekile,
ukuhlaselwa okungekho emthethweni – empilweni yakhe noma

27:24.082 --> 27:30.995
empilweni yomunye umuntu, empilweni yakhe, ekuqineni
komzimba wakhe, ekuqineni kobulili bakhe

27:30.995 --> 27:36.200
nasekuzimiselweni kwakhe, enkululekweni noma empahleni yakhe.

27:36.200 --> 27:44.251
Izimo zokuzivikela, okufanele zihlangatshezwane ngazo zonke
ngokuhlangene, yilezi: ngakho-ke ukuzivikela

27:44.251 --> 27:55.720
okudingekayo, ukuhlasela okwamanje noma okusondelene, ukungekho
emthethweni kokuhlasela, kanye nokuhlasela impahla engavikelwa.

27:55.720 --> 28:06.240
Ukuhlasela okuvunyelwe ngumthetho oqukethwe, okusho umthetho noma
umthetho wemigomo – noma ngabe kuhlaselwa yizwe

28:06.240 --> 28:15.425
elinobudlova – akubhekwa njengokuzivikela,
ngoba ukuhlasela akuyona into engekho emthethweni.

28:15.425 --> 28:24.920
Isindinganiso siyaqhubeka sisebenza noma ngabe
kamuva siyekisiwe yinkantolo njengokungekho emthethweni.

28:24.920 --> 28:34.569
Nokho, uma ngithatha isikhundla engisixhasa – umgomo wokungabi
namandla, ukucatshangelwa okuhlelekile kwesakhiwo sezigaba

28:34.569 --> 28:44.856
sohlelo lwezomthetho – wokuthi lezo zimiso azinaso nhlobo isisindo
futhi azisebenzi, khona-ke ukuhlasela kombuso ophule imingcele

28:44.856 --> 28:51.220
akunamthetho futhi isenzo sokuzivikela sizovunywa ngempela.

28:52.821 --> 29:06.119
Elinye ilungelo elivamile kakhulu
lokuzisiza: isimo esiphuthumayo.

29:06.119 --> 29:14.039
Ngithanda ukuqala ngesisho esifanele kakhulu
sikaLudwig von Mises, esifanele kakhulu izikhathi zethu:

29:14.039 --> 29:20.931
Akukho isongo esikhulu kunesibuso
sobuhlakani esibangelwa uhulumeni wabantu abangenakho

29:20.931 --> 29:25.539
amakhono, abangenacala lokungcola noma ababi.

29:33.453 --> 29:39.673
Izimo ezinciphisa isigwebo ngaphansi komthetho
wase-Austria zilawulwa esigabeni 10(1) soMthetho Wezobugebengu.

29:39.673 --> 29:43.720
Kulawulwa ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izinhlelo zomthetho.

29:43.720 --> 29:55.405
Noma ubani owenza isenzo esibekwa icala ngenhloso yokugwema
ingozi esiseduze, ebalulekile kuye noma komunye umuntu uyaxolelwa

29:55.405 --> 30:05.595
uma umonakalo osongelwa yileso senzo ungabi mkhulu ngokweqile –
okusho ukuthi kumele kusetshenziswe ukuhlolwa

30:05.595 --> 30:15.724
kokulingana – futhi akulindelekile ukuthi umuntu
ohlangene nezimiso ezivikelwe ngumthetho enze okunye.

30:15.724 --> 30:21.519
– okungukuthi ukungafaneleki kwanoma yiluphi
olunye ukuziphatha kanye nokulingana ngokomlinganiselo.

30:21.519 --> 30:26.480
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi isimo
esiphuthumayo esingaphansi kwemithetho.

30:26.480 --> 30:36.348
Kuthiwa: Isenzo sokuzivikela esenziwe esimweni
esiphuthumayo asikho emthethweni uma intshisekelo esemthethweni

30:36.348 --> 30:43.039
okufanele ivikelwe inenani elikhulu kunentshisekelo eyonakele.

30:43.039 --> 30:50.799
Ngithanda ukubhekisela lapha emthethweni
wamacala wamanje, ikakhulukazi eJalimane:

30:50.799 --> 31:00.529
Ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi zezokwelapha ezingamanga odokotela
maqondana nezitifiketi zokuxolelwa ukugqoka imaski ze-COVID-19

31:00.529 --> 31:08.584
nezitifiketi zokugonywa kwe-COVID-19 kumele kuhlolwe ngokufanele
njengenyathelo likagesi, ngisho noma

31:08.584 --> 31:17.040
kucatshangwa ukuthi le mithetho ye-coronavirus
yayingeyona engekho emthethweni kusukela ekuqaleni.

31:17.040 --> 31:22.839
Hhayi nje ukuthi bayaxolelwa emehlweni
ami, kodwa futhi banesizathu esivumelekile.

31:22.839 --> 31:28.929
Ngoba impilo nokuphila komuntu kubaluleke
kakhulu kunelungelo elisemthethweni

31:28.929 --> 31:33.920
lokuthembela ekuthembekeni kwezitifiketi zezokwelapha.

31:33.920 --> 31:45.884
Umsebenzi oyinhloko kadokotela: Primum non nocere,
kuqala ungabangeli umonakalo – secundum cavere,

31:45.884 --> 31:54.099
vikela, qaphela – tertium sanare, ekugcineni uphulise.

32:06.200 --> 32:16.205
Ngokubona kwami-ke, akuyona ikakhulu indaba yesenzo
sokuphoqeleka, kodwa kunalokho ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwale

32:16.205 --> 32:21.880
mithetho engalungile, engakwazi ukufinyelela ekusemthethweni.

32:21.880 --> 32:33.339
Ngibona ukuthi izinkantolo akusafanele zivunyelwe
ukusebenzisa lezi zindinganiso ezilimaza odokotela abasolwayo.

32:41.920 --> 32:50.261
Ngathi ekuqaleni ukuthi noma ubani ozenza
ngokungekho emthethweni, osebenzisa imithetho engavumelekile

32:50.261 --> 32:55.079
lapho ingasebenzi nhlobo, kumele abhekane nemiphumela.

32:55.079 --> 33:03.359
Ukuhlotshaniswa: Ubani onomthwalo wemfanelo, ubani
onomthwalo wokuphendula, futhi baphendulwa kangakanani?

33:03.359 --> 33:05.720
Igama elivela kuHannah Arendt ngalesi sihloko:

33:05.720 --> 33:14.503
Akekho onelungelo lokusebenzisa ukulalela
njengesisusa sokuvikela izenzo zakhe. Ukulalela

33:14.503 --> 33:19.519
akusona isizathu esivumelekile sokwenza izenzo.

33:19.519 --> 33:25.579
Sizinqumela thina; isithunzi somuntu siyakufuna lokhu.

33:32.920 --> 33:42.167
Uma umthetho ongavumelekile ohlelweni lwemithetho ungamukeleki
ngokuphelele, khona-ke awuyona ingxenye yohlelo lwezomthetho.

33:42.167 --> 33:49.599
Ngakho-ke, akudingeki kulandelwe futhi
akusebenzi kubaphathi noma ezinkantolo.

33:49.599 --> 33:59.284
Uma-ke isetshenziswa, lokhu kuyisenzo esingenasisekelo somthetho
– ngaleyo ndlela ikakhulukazi kuwukwephula umgomo

33:59.284 --> 34:08.639
wokusemthethweni – futhi kuyabekwa esandleni segunya
likahulumeni elinamazikhala asebenze ngale ndlela.

34:08.639 --> 34:19.504
Nokho, kimi lokhu akugcini nje ngokugunyaza umthwalo wombuso –
owokugcina, thina uqobo – kodwa futhi umthwalo wamaziko

34:19.504 --> 34:28.987
asebenzayo ngokwekhono lawo lokuqonda nangokwecala lawo
– ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphezulu nawokuphatha

34:28.987 --> 34:35.639
okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni nasekumisweni kwemithetho.

34:35.639 --> 34:45.210
Lokho okusebenza kubantu ngabanye njengabamukeli bemithetho
kumele kusebenze nakakhulu kuhulumeni, emandleni awo

34:45.210 --> 34:51.480
nasemabutheni awo, futhi ekugcineni nakulezi zinhlaka ezenzayo.

34:51.480 --> 34:58.559
Akekho ongakhululwa ekubeni nesono
nasekubophezelekeni ngenxa yokungazi umthetho.

34:58.559 --> 35:02.760
Ukungazi umthetho akuyona inkululeko.

35:02.760 --> 35:07.482
Lokhu akusebenza kuphela kubantu bomphakathi,
kodwa nakubo bonke abasebenzi bakahulumeni,

35:07.482 --> 35:12.059
abahluleli kanye nazo zonke iziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

35:21.159 --> 35:29.191
Ukuze ngichaze imingcele yemithwalo yemfanelo,
ngibhekisela kuSigaba 9 soMthetho Wezobugebengu

35:29.191 --> 35:34.280
wase-Austria, okuthiwa yigaba lomphutha wezomthetho.

35:34.280 --> 35:41.614
Isigaba 1: Noma ubani ongawuboni ububi besenzo
ngenxa yephutha emthethweni akasoze abhekelwe

35:41.614 --> 35:46.159
icala uma engakwazi ukubekwa icala ngalelo phutha.

35:46.159 --> 35:54.164
Impela kunzima, noma kungeke kwenzeke ezimweni eziningi, ukugxeka
iziphathimandla zasendaweni ngokungahumushi

35:54.164 --> 36:02.119
amalungelo ayisisekelo ngendlela efanayo
naleyo ummeli wezomthethosisekelo angayisebenzisa.

36:02.119 --> 36:08.299
Isigaba sesi-2: Iphutha lezomthetho kumele libekwe icala
uma ukwenza okungalungile kwakubonakala kalula kumuntu

36:08.299 --> 36:12.519
owenze okubi njengalokhu kwakubonakala kunoma ubani omunye.

36:12.519 --> 36:20.381
Lapho izingane nabafundi bekumele bagqoke
izimaski emakilasini izinyanga ezingapheli ngenxa

36:20.381 --> 36:25.360
yezinyathelo ze-coronavirus ezingekho sobufakazweni.

36:25.360 --> 36:33.985
Uma lezingane nabafundi bekumele bagqoke izimaski kwesinye
isikhathi ngesikhathi sezifundo zokuzivocavoca – okubucayi

36:33.985 --> 36:40.178
empilweni futhi okuphikisana ngokuphelele
nezintshisekelo ezinhle zengane – khona-ke

36:40.178 --> 36:44.159
kulula kimi ukubona lokhu ukungabi nabulungisa.

36:44.159 --> 36:53.247
Futhi umusho wesibili: Noma uma umenzi wecala
engazijwayele imithetho efanele, nakuba bekumele enze njalo

36:53.247 --> 36:58.880
ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, umsebenzi wakhe noma ezinye izimo.

36:58.880 --> 37:05.596
Ngilindele ukuthi wonke umsebenzi kahulumeni azijwayeze
izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zamalungelo afanele, ikakhulukazi uma

37:05.596 --> 37:12.201
kuziwa ekusebenziseni imithetho ephazamisa ubumfihlo, futhi
athathe isinqumo ngalolu daba, noma okungenani aphikise uma

37:12.201 --> 37:16.679
le mithetho ibonakala ingekho emthethweni noma ingabazeka.

37:16.679 --> 37:23.548
Isigaba sesi-3: Uma iphutha lingabekwa kumuntu, isijeziso
esibekiwe senzo esenziwe ngenhloso sizosebenza uma

37:23.548 --> 37:31.480
umenzi enza ngenhloso, kanti isijeziso esibekiwe senzo
sokunganaki sizosebenza uma umenzi enza ngokunganaki.

37:31.480 --> 37:37.168
Umbuso uqobo, cishe akasoze, kunoma yisiphi isimo,
akwazi ukusebenzisa iphutha lezomthetho

37:37.168 --> 37:41.320
njengesisekelo sokuphika umthwalo walo nomthwalo wemfanelo.

37:41.320 --> 37:49.800
Ngoba ujwayelene ngokwanele nemigomo yomthetho
ayidalile yena uqobo, futhi kumele ayijwayele.

37:49.800 --> 37:58.581
Kunalokho, kumayelana nabantu abasebenza egameni
likahulumeni, abangakulindela futhi okumele babe nolwazi

37:58.581 --> 38:04.480
olujulile emsebenzini wabo nasemikhakheni yemisebenzi yabo.

38:04.480 --> 38:15.259
Ukuphendula, umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezibopho – okuyizinto
ezijwayelekile emthethweni wangasese ezingeni elibheke phansi

38:15.259 --> 38:27.079
phakathi kwabantu ngabanye – kumele futhi zisebenze ngaphandle
kwemikhawulo emthethweni womphakathi ezingeni elibheke phezulu.

38:27.079 --> 38:37.288
Ngale ndlela kuphela, ngokuzibophezela kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza,
kungadalwa uhlelo lokuvikelwa ngokuphelele kwamalungelo

38:37.288 --> 38:42.800
ayisisekelo olusekelwe kulungelo lomuntu ngamunye lokuzinqumela.

38:42.800 --> 38:50.039
Labo abangeke baboshwe
njengabanesibopho ngeke bazizwe benesibopho.

38:50.039 --> 39:01.360
Kodwa labo abaqaphele ilungelo lomthwalo
wabo bazogcwalisa isibopho somthwalo wabo.

39:01.360 --> 39:09.107
Manje sengifika esiphethweni sami ngesicelo, ilungelo
eliyisisekelo – ngokwokuqonda kwami

39:09.107 --> 39:18.400
kwezomthetho okufanele kube sobala ngokwalo – kodwa
okufanele kufakwe ohlwini lwamalungelo ayisisekelo.

39:18.400 --> 39:25.119
Ezombusazwe nomthetho banezibopho ezikhethekile ngalokhu.

39:25.119 --> 39:28.159
Okudingekayo ukuze uthole ilungelo:

39:28.159 --> 39:35.800
Abantu abenziwe ngenhloso yomthetho;
kunalokho umthetho kumele wenziwe ngenhloso yabantu.

39:35.800 --> 39:40.239
Umuntu akayena isicakeni sikahulumeni.

39:40.239 --> 39:50.619
Umuntu ungumqambi wombuso, futhi umbuso kumele
usebenzele umqambi wawo, hhayi ngaleyo ndlela.

39:58.280 --> 40:05.199
Ekugcineni, ngibiza ukuthi okulandelayo
kubuyekezwe kabusha njengelungelo eliyisisekelo:

40:05.199 --> 40:14.075
Izimiso zomthetho eziphula isithunzi somuntu, amalungelo
emvelo, amalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nenkululeko

40:14.075 --> 40:20.079
azinamandla okubekwa njengomthetho futhi azinamsebenzi nhlobo.

40:20.079 --> 40:29.519
Akekho ophoqelekile ukuba abalandele, futhi akekho
onelungelo lokuphoqa abanye ukuba benze kanjalo.

40:29.519 --> 40:34.719
Ngalendlela sizovimbela ngokuphelele
ubhubhane wesibili we-coronavirus!

40:34.719 --> 40:38.300
Ngiyabonga ngokunaka kwenu.

40:46.993 --> 40:54.973
Kuyamangalisa! Dokotela Brunner, ngiyabonga
egameni labo bonke abantu bomhlaba wonke.

40:54.973 --> 40:58.275
Ngiyakudumisa indlela ohlanganisa ngayo abameli.

40:58.275 --> 41:02.621
Yisixazululo esingcono kakhulu esingasifinyelela.

41:02.621 --> 41:04.719
Abantu bafana nezingane ezincane.

41:04.719 --> 41:07.146
Nina bangobaba bethu, niyazi umthetho.

41:07.146 --> 41:09.889
Uchaze kahle kakhulu, sayiqonda.

41:09.889 --> 41:12.913
Sikufisela inhlanhla enhle kanye nenqwaba yezinye.

41:12.913 --> 41:17.013
Abantu akufanele bakhohlwe ukuthi banobukhosi.

41:17.013 --> 41:23.823
Futhi uhulumeni akayena umphathi wami, kodwa ungumsebenzi wami.

41:23.823 --> 41:27.492
Ngiyabonga, ngiyabonga, ngiyabonga!

41:36.745 --> 41:40.599
Lezi zikhiqizo zakhiwa ngesikhathi
somhlangano we-Anti-Censorship Coalition eSwitzerland.

41:40.599 --> 41:41.256
AZK ayilandeleli noma yiziphi izinzuzo zezimali.
Abaqalisi, abakhulumi, noma i-Kla.TV abazange

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bathole imali yokukhokhelwa ngalokhu kurekhodwa.

41:41.639 --> 41:42.322
Sifuna ukugcizelela ngokusobala ukuthi le
vidiyo ingakopishwa futhi ithunyelwe kaningi

41:42.322 --> 41:42.880
ngangokunokwenzeka ngendlela yayo engashintshiwe.

41:42.880 --> 41:43.559
I-AZK ayinawo umthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqukethwe kwanoma
yiziphi iziphakamiso. I-AZK ayihlangene nezinhlangothi

41:43.559 --> 41:43.959
zezombusazwe noma zenkolo, ngakho-ke ayihloli abakhulumi.

41:43.959 --> 41:44.996
Lezi zihloko zenzelwe ulwazi olwengeziwe kuphela
futhi azimeleli umbono we-AZK. I-AZK iyisikhungo

41:44.996 --> 41:45.173
solwazi esingathathi hlangothi kuzo zonke izici.

41:45.173 --> 41:45.778
Isikhulumi ngasinye sinomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela
ngomnikelo waso, hhayi ngeminye iminikelo noma

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nge-AZK, ngoba azikho izixhumanisi phakathi kwazo.

41:46.566 --> 41:48.160
Isaziso esibalulekile: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha
seluhlolwe ngokweqiniso nangokuzethemba kwethu.

41:48.160 --> 41:49.394
Noma kunjalo, abakhulumi nabakhiqizi abamukeli mthwalo
wemiphumela evela ezinyathelweni noma ekungasebenzeni

41:49.394 --> 41:50.719
okuhlobene nokuqukethwe kwale vidiyo. Wonke umuntu
unesibopho esiphelele sokuthi abhekana kanjani nalokho akuzwayo.