WEBVTT 00:00.479 --> 00:08.937 Shin ka san yadda tsoron haɗarin annobobi masu halaka ya yi ƙasa a zukatan dukkan bil'adama, kusan an dasa shi a cikinsu? 00:08.937 --> 00:15.163 Ana cewa wanke kwakwalwa na tsawon fiye da shekaru 40 ne ya sa ya yiwu a aiwatar da matakan tilastawa a sunan 00:15.163 --> 00:19.228 mulkin kama-karya na lafiya a lokacin annobar coronavirus. 00:19.228 --> 00:27.003 A cikin jawabin sa mai zurfin fahimta a YouTube mai taken "AIDS – uwar dukkan annobobi", ɗan jarida, marubuci kuma mai shirya 00:27.003 --> 00:33.348 fina-finai Michael Leitner ya nuna yadda aka haɓaka kuma aka yada labarin annobar farko mai muhimmanci 00:33.348 --> 00:37.254 a duniya ta hanyar tsoratar da mutane da aka nufa. 00:37.254 --> 00:47.163 Da izinin Michael Leitner, Kla.TV na son raba wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ya gano daga bincikensa a nan ƙasa. 00:47.163 --> 00:50.436 Shekaru 40 na wanke kwakwalwa 00:50.436 --> 00:56.365 Wani muhimmin ɓangare na wanke kwakwalwa shi ne yadda, a cikin fina-finai, musamman fina-finan kimiyyar almara, 00:56.365 --> 01:02.283 ƙwayoyin cuta ke canzawa akai-akai kuma hakan na iya sauya mutane gaba ɗaya cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. 01:02.283 --> 01:06.614 Wannan ya haifar da tsoron kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari a zukatan mutane. 01:06.614 --> 01:11.590 A gefe guda, ana tada tsoron annobar da ke barazana ga rayuwa duk bayan 'yan shekaru. 01:11.590 --> 01:21.049 A shekarar 2014, barkewar cutar Ebola a Afirka ce, wadda a ƙarshe ta danganta ne da cewa an canza ma'anar Ebola. 01:21.049 --> 01:28.353 Misali, zubar jini na ciki da cututtukan hanji masu tsanani suka jawo, an kuma ƙididdige shi a matsayin lamari na Ebola. 01:28.353 --> 01:34.233 A shekarar 2009, an samu mura ta alade; tun daga 1997, an sha samun barkewar mura ta tsuntsaye 01:34.233 --> 01:38.431 akai-akai; a shekarar 2002/2003, an samu annobar SARS. 01:38.431 --> 01:46.192 Amma ka yi bincike ko da gaske an samu karuwar mutuwar mutane bisa ga bayanan da aka wallafa da gaskiya? 01:46.192 --> 01:50.418 Ka gani, zazzabin ruwa, annobar berobi, zazzabin typhoid—waɗannan annobobi na gaske ne! 01:50.418 --> 01:57.600 Annobar ta kashe mutane miliyan 25 a Turai kadai a ƙarni na 14. 01:57.600 --> 02:00.891 kanjamau – uwar dukkan annoba 02:00.891 --> 02:07.432 Kuma yanzu zuwa kan AIDS – uwar dukkan annobobi, wadda ta fara tada tsoro game da ƙwayoyin cuta 02:07.432 --> 02:11.619 masu halaka da cututtuka a duk faɗin duniya tun 1981. 02:11.619 --> 02:16.928 "Manyan Annoba" shi ne taken da ke shafin gaba na mujallar Der Spiegel a wancan lokacin. 02:16.928 --> 02:24.942 Mutuwa tana buga "Wakar Mutuwa" a kan violin, tare da manyan annoba: AIDS, sifilis, annobar bubo, kolera da ƙurajen fuka-fuki. 02:24.942 --> 02:31.825 Matasa a cikinku ba za su iya tunanin firgicin da aka yi a shekarun 1980 game da HIV/AIDS ba. 02:31.825 --> 02:39.937 Sabbabin labarai sun cika haka, kamar yadda yake a lokacin annobar coronavirus. Mutane sun ji tsoro ƙwarai. 02:39.937 --> 02:48.297 Cibiyar Robert Koch ta yi hasashen yawan sabbin kamuwa da HIV kuma ta kammala cewa mutumin Jamus na ƙarshe zai kamu da 02:48.297 --> 02:53.268 cutar kanjamau a shekarar 1996 kuma zai mutu ba da jimawa ba. 02:53.268 --> 02:59.012 Don haka mutane sun yi matuƙar yarda: cikin shekaru bakwai, za mu duka mu mutu. 02:59.012 --> 03:04.900 Lambobin kwatantawa kan mutuwar da za a yi amfani da su wajen rarrabe haɗarin cutar kanjamau 03:04.900 --> 03:12.160 A bayyana cewa kwatancen lambobi da ke gaba ba a nufin raina mutanen da suka mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau ba. 03:12.160 --> 03:20.830 Idan aka kwatanta ainihin ƙididdiga na wancan lokacin, yana da sauƙi a gani cewa, misali, yawan mutuwar jarirai a Jamus tsakanin 03:20.830 --> 03:27.400 1984 da 1993 a cikin kwanaki bakwai na farko na rayuwa ya kasance koyaushe ya fi yawan mutuwar da 03:27.400 --> 03:30.959 ake samu a kowace shekara sakamakon cutar kanjamau. 03:30.959 --> 03:38.445 Tsakanin 1981 da 1998, an samu mutuwar mutane 10,000 sakamakon cutar kanjamau a Jamus. 03:38.445 --> 03:46.205 A shekarar 1996, kaso na mutanen da suka mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau a Jamus ya kasance 0.22 cikin dari. 03:46.205 --> 03:53.283 A cikin shekarun 1990, mutum 1.5 ne ke mutuwar kashe kansu a kowane awa a Jamus. 03:53.283 --> 04:02.113 Wannan shi ne 13,140 a kowace shekara, ko sau bakwai fiye da yawan mutanen da suka mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau a shekarar 1996. 04:02.113 --> 04:09.749 A shekarar 1996, haɗarin mutuwa a hatsari ya kasance kusan sau 18 fiye da haɗarin mutuwa daga cutar kanjamau. 04:09.749 --> 04:21.428 A matsayin tunatarwa, annobar ta kashe mutane miliyan 25 a Turai tsakanin 1347 da 1352. 04:21.428 --> 04:27.298 AIDS: Dabarun karkatarwa, sarrafawa da yaudara 04:27.298 --> 04:30.120 Kamfen na rigakafi 04:30.120 --> 04:37.679 Da aka gane cewa ba a bar Jermanya cikin haɗarin bacewa saboda AIDS ba, an yi ikirarin cewa kamfen na jima'i mai 04:37.679 --> 04:42.265 aminci da amfani da kondom sun hana yaduwar annobar AIDS. 04:42.265 --> 04:51.228 Grafu a hagu yana nuna adadin kondom da aka sayar a Jamus tsakanin 1978 da 1994. 04:51.228 --> 04:59.846 An samu mafi ƙanƙantar adadi a shekarar 1984/1985. Kuma a farkon shekarun 1990, an sayar da kimanin kondom 0.2 fiye 04:59.846 --> 05:08.433 da kowace mutum a kowace shekara fiye da yadda aka sayar a 1979, kafin mummunan annobar AIDS ta fara. 05:08.433 --> 05:13.253 Don haka, kamfen na jima'i mai aminci bai yi wani tasiri da za a iya gani ba. 05:13.253 --> 05:19.918 Grafu a dama yana nuna yadda aka ƙididdige kamuwa da cutar HIV baya-bayan nan, wato an yi amfani da yawan ƙwayoyin 05:19.918 --> 05:26.787 cutar don tantance kusan lokacin da mutum da aka gano kwanan nan yana ɗauke da cutar AIDS ya kamu da cutar. 05:26.787 --> 05:30.928 Gicciye yana nuna farkon kamfen ɗin rigakafi. 05:30.928 --> 05:38.727 Kamar yadda kuke gani, kaddamar da kamfen na rigakafi bai yi wani tasiri kwata-kwata kan sabbin kamuwa da cutar HIV ba. 05:38.727 --> 05:42.799 Wallafa lamuran AIDS 05:42.799 --> 05:53.385 Ta yaya, bisa ga jadawalin da aka nuna, yawan lamuran cutar AIDS a Jamus ya karu a hankali tsakanin 1986 da 1996? 05:53.385 --> 06:04.555 an ƙididdige lamuran AIDS gaba ɗaya. Wannan na nufin, misali, cewa an haɗa lamuran AIDS na shekarar 1992 cikin na shekarar 1993. 06:04.555 --> 06:09.608 An ƙidaya kowane majinyacin AIDS a matsayin sabon lamari na AIDS a kowace shekara. Ba shi da 06:09.608 --> 06:13.826 muhimmanci ko sun mutu tun daga lokacin ko an warkar da su. 06:13.826 --> 06:20.665 Shin an ƙirƙiri ƙididdiga masu ƙaruwa da gangan, saboda ƙididdiga masu ƙaruwa suna haifar da tsoro mai ƙaruwa? 06:20.665 --> 06:26.836 Guntun sandunan haske a wannan jadawalin suna nuna ainihin adadin sabbin lamuran AIDS a kowace shekara. 06:26.836 --> 06:31.183 Duk da haka, an bayyana ne kawai adadin jimillar. 06:31.183 --> 06:35.486 Ma'ana da gano cutar AIDS 06:35.486 --> 06:38.588 An sake ma'anar AIDS sau da yawa. 06:38.588 --> 06:45.808 Zanen ya nuna cewa a shekarar 1993, Amurka ta samu karuwar kamuwa da sababbin cutar 06:45.808 --> 06:51.011 kanjamau sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashe. 06:51.011 --> 06:57.485 Sai dai hakan ya faru ne saboda a shekarar 1993, Amurka ce kadai ƙasar da ta ayyana cutar kanjamau 06:57.485 --> 07:01.787 a matsayin samun ƙarancin ƙwayoyin T4 lymphocytes. 07:01.787 --> 07:11.393 A Afirka, an fi gano HIV ta hanyar alamomin asibiti, ma'ana dole ne a cika manyan ƙa'idodi biyu da ƙa'ida ɗaya ta gefe. 07:11.393 --> 07:17.603 Sannan, ba tare da ƙarin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, an gano cewa wani mutum yana da cutar AIDS. 07:17.603 --> 07:25.161 A Afirka, an sake ma'anar cututtukan talauci na gargajiya kawai. 07:25.161 --> 07:31.724 Ma'anar AIDS ta Caracas don Kudancin Amurka ta ce, kamar haka: 07:31.724 --> 07:38.239 "Ko da yake marasa lafiya dauke da cutar AIDS a Brazil sau da yawa suna fama da zazzabi, gudawa da asarar nauyi 07:38.239 --> 07:45.094 fiye da wani ƙima da aka kayyade, ba a lura da su akai-akai yadda ya kamata don cika ka'idodin WHO ba." 07:45.094 --> 07:52.619 Don gujewa wahalar tantance nauyin da ya dace ko kuma auna marasa lafiya da yawa, ƙayyadaddiyar Caracas tana 07:52.619 --> 07:59.305 ba da damar a gano ƙarancin nauyi ta fuskar likitanci ba tare da auna maras lafiya ba. 07:59.305 --> 08:03.543 A bayyane yake cewa mutanen Kudancin Amurka ba su sha fama da rashin isasshen abinci har 08:03.543 --> 08:06.016 a ɗauke su a matsayin masu cutar kanjamau ba. 08:06.016 --> 08:11.179 Wannan ma'anar ta sa ya yiwu a ci gaba da riƙe yawan lamuran cutar kanjamau a matsayin mai yawa. 08:11.179 --> 08:13.983 Yawan lamura 08:13.983 --> 08:17.382 Ta yaya aka ƙididdige adadin lamuran AIDS? 08:17.382 --> 08:24.000 Duk wani lamari na AIDS da aka ruwaito an ninka shi a yankuna ta hanyoyi daban-daban. 08:24.000 --> 08:35.250 A Asiya da 84.55, a Afirka da 6.65, ko a Amurka – ba tare da Amurka ba – da 3.98. 08:35.250 --> 08:38.399 Gwajin HIV 08:38.399 --> 08:46.882 An janye wasu gwaje-gwajen HIV daga kasuwa daga baya saboda sun bayar da sakamako maras tabbas, 08:46.882 --> 08:52.302 bisa ga jerin da Cibiyar Paul Ehrlich ta wallafa. 08:52.302 --> 09:00.022 Bugu da ƙari, akwai abubuwa da dama da aka sani suna haifar da sakamakon gwajin HIV na ƙarya. 09:00.022 --> 09:06.460 Abubuwan da aka gano ta cikin shahararrun makalolin kimiyya masu kima. 09:06.460 --> 09:14.126 Bugu da ƙari, gwaje-gwajen ba su yi daidaito ba daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa ko daga yanki zuwa yanki. 09:14.126 --> 09:22.438 Waɗannan su ne wasu bangarori daga jawabin Michael Leitner da ke nuna yadda aka yi amfani da AIDS da gangan aka yi mata 09:22.438 --> 09:27.379 ƙaryataccen bayani har ta zama annoba mai haɗari a duniya. 09:27.379 --> 09:32.942 Za ka iya samun mahaɗin zuwa dukkan darasin a sashen maganganu a ƙarshe. 09:32.942 --> 09:37.460 Ga karshen Michael Leitner kamar haka: 09:37.460 --> 09:51.435 "Ba tare da wannan zamanin na shekaru 40 na jaridu, talabijin, da fina-finai cike da miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta da ke 09:51.435 --> 10:06.080 ƙoƙarin halaka mu ba, wannan hayaniyar annoba game da mura da aka sake sanya mata suna Corona ba zai yiwu ba." 10:06.080 --> 10:13.837 Muna kammala da maganar da Kary Mullis, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Nobel a fannin Kimiyya, ya yi, wadda ke ƙarfafa mu mu yi tambayoyi 10:13.837 --> 10:19.515 masu zurfi kuma mu tabbatar da abubuwan da aka gabatar mana. 10:19.515 --> 10:28.250 "Idan kashi 99 cikin ɗari na duk masana kimiyya sun yarda kan wani abu, akwai yiwuwar gaskiya ne ba daidai ba." 10:28.250 --> 10:33.109 Saboda haka, kalli Kla.TV kuma ka raba shirye-shiryenmu da aka yi bincike sosai da wasu.