WEBVTT

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Uyasazi na ukuba uloyiko lwengozi yezifo
ezosulelayo ezibulalayo lwaba njani yinxalenye enkulu

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yengqondo yoluntu lonke, phantse lufakwe kubo?

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Kuthiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 yokuhlantswa iingqondo yenze
kwaba nokwenzeka ukunyanzelisa amanyathelo

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okunyanzisa egameni lolawulo olungqongqo
kwezempilo ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus.

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Kwintetho yakhe enengqiqo kwiYouTube enesihloko esithi "AIDS –
umama wazo zonke iintlobo zezifo ezosulelayo", intatheli, umbhali

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nomqambi weefilimu uMichael Leitner ubonise indlela
ibali lobhubhane wokuqala obaluleke kumazwe ngamazwe

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elaphuhliswa nelisasazwa ngokusasaza uloyiko ngabom.

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Ngenkxaso-musa kaMichael Leitner, i-Kla.TV
ingathanda ukwabelana nani ngezinto azifumene

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kuphando lwakhe olucokisekileyo apha ngezantsi.

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Iminyaka engama-40 yokuhlamba ubuchopho

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Icandelo eliyintloko lokuhlamba ubuchopho yayikukuba, kwiifilimu,
ingakumbi kwiifilimu zenzululwazi eziqambeyo, iintsholongwane

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zazisoloko ziguquka kwaye ngaloo ndlela zazikwazi
ukutshintsha abantu ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

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Oku kuvuse uloyiko
lweentsholongwane eziyingozi ezingqondweni zabantu.

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Kwelinye icala, uloyiko lweentlanga ezisongela
ubomi lwaluvuswa rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa.

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Ngo-2014, yayikukunwenwa kwe-Ebola e-Afrika,
nto leyo eyathi ekugqibeleni yasekwa

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kwinto yokuba inkcazelo ye-Ebola yayitshintshiwe.

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Umzekelo, ukopha kwangaphakathi okubangelwe ziifo ezimandundu
zesisu nemathumbu nako kwakubalwa njengekhefu le-Ebola.

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Ngo-2009, kwabakho iflu yehagu; ukusukela
ngo-1997, kuye kwabakho ukuqhambuka rhoqo kweflu

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yezinyoni; ngo-2002/2003, kwabakho ubhubhane we-SARS.

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Kodwa ingaba ukhe waphanda ukuba ngaba kunyuke
ngokwenene isibalo sabantu abaswelekayo,

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ngokusekelwe kumanani kunye neenyaniso ezipapashiweyo?

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Uyabona, ikholera, iplagi, itayifoyidi—zozo
zaziziifo ezosulelayo ezinkulu ngokwenene!

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Intsholongwane yabulala abantu abazizigidi
ezingama-25 eYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-14.

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I-AIDS – umama wazo zonke iintlobo zezifo ezosulelayo

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Kwaye ngoku masithetha nge-AIDS – unina wazo zonke iintlobo
zezifo ezosulelayo, eyayiqalisa ukusabisa

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ngobhubhane malunga neentsholongwane
ezibulalayo nezifo kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-1981.

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"Izifo Ezikhulu Zokutshabalalisa"
yayisisihloko esiphambili kwiphepha elingaphambili

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lempepha-ncwadi iDer Spiegel ngelo xesha.

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Ukufa kudlala ingoma ethi "Ingoma Yokufa"
kwivayolini, kukhatshwa ziintlekele ezinkulu,

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i-AIDS, isifilisi, iplagi, ikholera kunye nesigwebu.

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Abaselula kuni abanakukwazi nokucinga ngokuphithizelisa
okwakukho ngeminyaka yoo-1980 malunga ne-HIV/AIDS.

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Izihloko zeendaba bezizele ngokunjalo, kanye njengaxa
bubhubhane we-coronavirus. Abantu babesoyika ngokwenene.

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I-Robert Koch Institute yayiqikelele inani losulelo
olutsha lwe-HIV yaza yagqiba kwelokuba umJamani wokugqibela uza

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kuba nesifo se-AIDS ngo-1996 aze afe kungekudala emva koko.

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Ngoko ke abantu bakholiswa ngokwenene:
kwiminyaka esixhenxe, sonke siza kube siswelekile.

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Amanani athelekisayo okusweleka ukukalela umngcipheko we-AIDS

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Makucace ukuba olu thelekiso lweenkcukacha olulandelayo
alujolisanga ekwenzeni kube lula ukufa okubangelwe yi-AIDS.

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Xa kuthelekiswa amanani okwenene aloo maxesha, kulula ukubona
ukuba, umzekelo, ukusweleka kweentsana eJamani phakathi

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kuka-1984 no-1993 kwiintsuku zokuqala ezisixhenxe zobomi
kwakusoloko kuphezulu kunenani lokusweleka kwe-AIDS lonyaka.

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Phakathi kuka-1981 no-1998, kwabakho ukusweleka
kwabantu abali-10,000 ngenxa kaGawulayo eJamani.

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Ngo-1996, ipesenti yokufa ngenxa kaGawulayo
eJamani ibiyi-0.22 kwizigidi ezizizigidi ezilikhulu.

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Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, kwakusweleka abantu
abayi-1.5 ngokuzibulala kwiyure nganye eJamani.

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Oko kuthetha i-13,140 ngonyaka, okanye izihlandlo
ezisixhenxe kunabo bafa ngenxa kaGawulayo ngo-1996.

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Ngo-1996, umngcipheko wokufa kwingozi wawumaxesha amalishumi
elinesibhozo ngaphezulu kunomngcipheko wokufa ngenxa kaGawulayo.

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Njengesikhumbuzo, iNtsholongwane yabulala abantu
abazizigidi ezingama-25 eYurophu phakathi kowe-1347 nowe-1352.

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I-AIDS: Iqhinga lokugqwetha, lokuqhatha nelobuqhophololo

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Amaphulo othintelo

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Xa kwacaca ukuba iJamani ayisoyiswa yi-AIDS, kwathiwa
amaphulo okwenza isondo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa

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kweekhondom zithintele ukunwenwa kobhubhane we-AIDS.

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Iigrafu esekhohlo ibonisa inani leekhondom
ezathengiswayo eJamani phakathi kuka-1978 no-1994.

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Ezona nani zisezantsi zirekhodwa ngo-1984/1985. Kwaye ekuqaleni
kweminyaka yoo-1990, kwakuthengiswa malunga neekhondom

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ezingaphezulu nge-0.2 ngomntu ngamnye ngonyaka
kunango-1979, phambi kokuba kuqale ubhubhane olubi lwe-AIDS.

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Ngoko ke iphulo lokwabelana ngesondo
ngokukhuselekileyo alizange libe nampembelelo ibonakalayo.

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Iigrafu esekunene ibonisa usulelo lwe-HIV olubalwe ngokubhekisela
emva, oko kukuthi, isixa se-viral load sisetyenziselwe ukufumanisa

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ukuba umntu osandul' ukufunyaniswa ene-AIDS usulelwe nini na.

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Isiphambano siphawula ukuqala kwamaphulo okuthintela.

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Njengoko ubona, ukuphehlelelwa kwamaphulo okuthintela
akubanga nampembelelo kwaphela kumanosulelo amatsha e-HIV.

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Ukupapashwa kwamatyala soGonyamelo

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Kwenzeka njani ukuba, ngokwigrafu
ebonisiweyo, inani leziganeko ze-AIDS eJamani lonyuka

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ngokuthe ngcembe phakathi kuka-1986 no-1996?

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Iimeko ze-AIDS eziyi- zibale ngokudityaniswa.
Oku kuthetha ukuthi, umzekelo, iimeko ze-AIDS

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zowama-1992 zafakwa kwiimeko ze-AIDS zowama-1993.

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Isigulana ngasinye se-AIDS besibaliswa
njengemeko entsha ye-AIDS nyaka ngamnye. Bekungakhathaliseki

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nokuba besele beswelekile okanye baphilisiwe.

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Ingaba amanani anyukayo enziwe ngabom, kuba
amanani anyukayo abangela uloyiko olunyukayo?

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Iikholamu ezingezantsi kulo mgrafu zibonisa inani
lokwenene lamatyala amatsha sikaGawulayo ngonyaka.

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Nangona kunjalo, yaba yintsalela kuphela eyapapashwayo.

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Inkcazelo nokuxilongwa kwe-AIDS

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I-AIDS iye yachazwa ngokutsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

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Umzobo ubonisa ukuba ngo-1993, i-United
States yaba nokunyuka okukhulu kakhulu kwezifo

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ezitsha ze-AIDS xa ithelekiswa namanye amazwe.

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Noko ke, oku kwakungenxa yokuba ngo-1993,
i-USA yayiyilizwe kuphela elalichaza i-AIDS

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njengokuba nenani eliphantsi le-T4 lymphocytes.

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E-Afrika, i-HIV yayifunyaniswa kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yonyango,
okuthetha ukuba kwakufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nemiqathango

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emibini ephambili kunye nomqathango omnye osecaleni.

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Kwaye ke, ngaphandle kwezinye iimvavanyo zaselebhu,
umntu othile wafunyaniswa enesifo sokutshona kwemipu.

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E-Afrika, izifo eziqhelekileyo
zobuhlwempu zitshintshwe nje inkcazelo yazo.

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Ingcaciso yaseCaracas ye-AIDS yaseMzantsi Melika yathi, icaphulo:

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"Nangona izigulana ze-AIDS eBrazil zihlala zifumana umkhuhlane,
isifo sohudo kunye nokuncipha kobunzima okudlula

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ixabiso elithile, ezi zinto azibonwanga rhoqo
ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo ye-WHO."

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Ukuphepha ubunzima bokumisela ubunzima obuqhelekileyo okanye
ukulinganisa izigulana ezininzi, inkcazelo yaseCaracas ivumela

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ukuba ukungabi nabunzima obaneleyo kufunyaniswe ngokwezonyango
ngaphandle kokuba kudingeke ukulinganiswa kwesigulana.

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Kubonakala ngathi abantu baseMzantsi Melika babengondlanga
ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangathathwa njengeziganeko zeAIDS.

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Le nkcazelo yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba
inani leemeko ze-AIDS lihlale liphezulu.

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Inani leemeko

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Amanani amatyala oGawulayo abalwe njani?

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Yonke imeko yoGawulayo ekhe yanikwa ingxelo ngayo
iphindaphindwe kwimimandla ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.

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E-Asiya yi-84.55, e-Afrika yi-6.65,
okanye eMelika – ngaphandle kwe-USA – yi-3.98.

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Uvavanyo lwe-HIV

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Ezinye iimvavanyo zeHIV kamva zarhoxiswa
kwimarike kuba bezinika iziphumo ezingathembekanga,

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ngokwolu luhlu olupapashwe yiPaul Ehrlich Institute.

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Ukongeza, zininzi izinto ezaziwayo ukuba
zibangela iziphumo ezingeyonyani zovavanyo lwe-HIV.

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Iimeko ezichongwe ngamanqaku ezazinzulu awaziwayo nathembekileyo.

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Ukongeza, iimvavanyo bezingafani
kwilizwe nelizwe okanye kummandla nommandla.

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Ezi yayizimvo ezithile ezivela kwintetho kaMichael Leitner
ezibonisa indlela i-AIDS eyaphathwa ngayo

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ngabom yaza yandiswa ngokugqithisileyo yaba
sisifo esoyikekayo esihlasele ihlabathi jikelele.

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Ungalufumana ikhonkco lentetho
iphela kwicandelo lezalathiso ekupheleni.

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Isiphelo sikaMichael Leitner simi ngolu hlobo:

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"Ngaphandle kweli xesha leminyaka engama-40 yamaphephandaba,
umabonakude, neefilimu ezizele zizintsholongwane ezikhohlakeleyo

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ezisoloko zizama ukusitshabalalisa, esi siphithiphithi
sebhubhane malunga nomkhuhlane otshintshe igama wabizwa

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ngokuba yiCorona ngokuqinisekileyo besingenakwenzeka."

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Sigqibezela ngesicatshulwa esivela kophumelele iMbasa yeNobel
yeKhemistri, uKary Mullis, esisikhuthaza

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ukuba sizibuze ngokucokisekileyo kwaye
siqinisekise izinto ezibekwa phambi kwethu.

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"Xa i-99 pesenti yazo zonke izazinzulu ivumelana
ngento ethile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ayiyonyani."

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Kungoko, bukela i-Kla.TV kwaye wabelane
nabanye ngeenkqubo zethu eziphucudwe kakuhle.