WEBVTT

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Uyazi ukuthi ukwesaba ingozi yezifo ezibulalayo kwagcwala
kanjani ezingqondweni zabantu bonke, cishe kwafakwa kubo?

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Kuthiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yokuwasha ubuchopho yenze
kwaba nokwenzeka ukuphoqelela izinyathelo zokuphoqa egameni

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lobushiqela bezempilo ngesikhathi sobhubhane we-coronavirus.

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Esifundweni sakhe esinobuhlakani ku-YouTube esinesihloko esithi
"AIDS – unina wazo zonke izifo ezibhubhanayo", intatheli, umbhali

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nomqambi wefilimu uMichael Leitner wakhombisa ukuthi
indaba yobhubhane wokuqala obalulekile emhlabeni wonke

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yakhiwa futhi yasakazwa ngokuhlosiwe kokudala ukwesaba.

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Ngenhlanhla enkulu kaMichael Leitner, i-Kla.TV ifisa ukwabelana
nawe ngezinto atholile ocwaningweni lwakhe lokuphenya ngezansi.

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Iminyaka engu-40 yokuwasha ubuchopho

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Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuwasha ubuchopho kwakuwukuthi,
ezifilimini, ikakhulukazi ezifilimini zesayensi eqanjiwe,

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amagciwane ayehlala aguquka njalo futhi
ngaleyo ndlela ayekwazi ukuguqula abantu

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ngokuphelele kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

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Lokhu kwavusa ukwesaba
kwamagciwane ayingozi ezingqondweni zabantu.

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Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwesaba izifo ezibhubhanayo ezisongela
ukuphila kwabantu kwakuvuswa njalo eminyakeni embalwa.

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Ngo-2014 kwaba nokuqhuma kwe-Ebola e-Afrika, okwagcina
sekususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi incazelo ye-Ebola yayishintshiwe.

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Isibonelo, ukopha ngaphakathi okubangelwa izifo ezinzima
zesisu nokugaya ukudla nakho kwakubalwa njengamacala e-Ebola.

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Ngo-2009 kwaba nokutheleleka kwe-swine flu;
kusukela ngo-1997 kube nokuvela kaningi

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kwe-bird flu; ngo-2002/2003 kwaba nobhubhane we-SARS.

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Kodwa ingabe uke wacwaninga ukuthi ngempela sekukhuphuke izinga
lokufa ngokususelwa ezibalo nasemininingwaneni eshicilelwe?

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Uyabona, ikholera, iplagi,
ithayifoyidi—lezo zazizifo ezibhubhane zangempela!

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Ibhubhane labulala abantu abayizigidi
ezingama-25 eYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-14.

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AIDS – umama wazo zonke izifo ezisabalalayo

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Futhi manje ku-AIDS – unina wazo zonke izifo
ezibhubhanayo, eyasungula ukwesatshiswa

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komhlaba wonke ngemivirusi ebulalayo nezifo ngo-1981.

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"Izifo Ezinkulu" kwakuyisihloko esikhulu ekhasini
lokuqala lomagazini i-Der Spiegel ngaleso sikhathi.

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Ukufa kudlala ingoma ethi "Ingoma Yokufa"
kuvayolini, kuhambisana nezifo ezinkulu: i-AIDS,

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isifilisi, iplagi, ikholera kanye nesichotho.

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Abancane kini abakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ngokwesabisa
okwakukhona ngeminyaka yama-1980 mayelana ne-HIV/AIDS.

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Izihloko bezigcwele ngokufanayo, njengase ngesikhathi
sobhubhane we-coronavirus. Abantu babesaba kakhulu.

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I-Robert Koch Institute yalinganisa inani lokutheleleka
okusha kwe-HIV futhi yagcina ukuthi umJalimane wokugcina

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uzothola i-AIDS ngo-1996 futhi afe maduzane ngemva kwalokho.

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Ngakho-ke abantu babekholelwa ngempela ukuthi:
eminyakeni eyisikhombisa sonke sizobe sesifile.

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Izibalo zokuqhathanisa zokufa zokuhlela ubungozi be-AIDS

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Makucace ukuthi ukulinganisa okulandelayo kwezinombolo
akuhlosi ukwenza kube lula ukufa okubangelwa yi-AIDS.

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Uma kuqhathaniswa izinombolo zangempela zalelo xesha, kulula
ukubona ukuthi, isibonelo, ukufa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa

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eJalimane phakathi kuka-1984 no-1993 ezinsukwini
eziyisikhombisa zokuqala zokuphila kwakuhlale

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kuphezulu kunenani lokufa ngonyaka ngenxa ye-AIDS.

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Phakathi kuka-1981 no-1998, kwaba nokufa
kwabantu abayizi-10 000 ngenxa ye-AIDS eJalimane.

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Ngo-1996, isilinganiso sokufa
kwe-AIDS eJalimane sasingu-0.22 ngamakhulu.

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Ngeminyaka yama-1990, abantu abayizi-1.5
babulala ngokuzibulala ngehora ngalinye eJalimane.

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Lokho kungama-13,140 ngonyaka, noma izikhathi
eziyisikhombisa kunalabo abashona nge-AIDS ngo-1996.

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Ngo-1996, ingozi yokufa engozini yayingaba izikhathi
ezingama-18 ngaphezulu kunengozi yokufa ngenxa ye-AIDS.

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Njengesikhumbuzo, i-plague yabulala abantu
abayizigidi ezingama-25 eYurophu phakathi kuka-1347 no-1352.

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I-AIDS: Isu Lokugoba, Lokuphatha Ngokungafanele Nokukhohlisa

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Imikhankaso yokuvimbela

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Lapho kwabonakala ukuthi iJalimane ayisongelwa ukushabalala
yi-AIDS, kwathiwa imikhankaso yokuziphatha

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ngokocansi ngokuphephile nokusebenzisa
amakondomu kuvimbe ukusabalala kobhubhane we-AIDS.

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I-grafu kwesobunxele ikhombisa inani lamakondomu
athengisiwe eJalimane phakathi kuka-1978 no-1994.

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Amanani aphansi kakhulu aqoshwe ngo-1984/1985. Futhi ekuqaleni
kweminyaka yama-1990, cishe amakondomu angu-0.2

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engeziwe ayethengiswa ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka
kunango-1979, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ubhubhane olubi lwe-AIDS.

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Ngakho-ke umkhankaso wokuziphatha ngokocansi
ngokuphephile awuzange ube nomthelela obonakalayo.

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Igrafu ekunene ikhombisa izifo ze-HIV ezibaliwe emuva, okusho
ukuthi umthwalo wegciwane wasetshenziswa

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ukunquma cishe ukuthi umuntu osanda kutholakala
ene-AIDS kumele ukuthi wathola kanini lesi sifo.

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Umshwalense uphawula ukuqala kwemikhankaso yokuvimbela.

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Njengoba ubona, ukwethulwa kwemikhankaso yokuvimbela
akuzange kube nomthelela nhlobo ekuthelelweni okusha kwe-HIV.

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Ukushicilelwa kwamacala e-AIDS

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Kwenzeke kanjani ukuthi, ngokweshadi
eliboniswayo, inani lamacala e-AIDS eJalimane

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lakhuphuka ngokuzinzile phakathi kuka-1986 no-1996?

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amacala e-AIDS abalwe ngokuhlangene. Lokhu
kusho ukuthi, isibonelo, amacala e-AIDS

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avela ngo-1992 afakwe emacaleni e-AIDS ka-1993.

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Wonke isiguli se-AIDS babalwa njengamacala
amasha e-AIDS unyaka ngamunye. Akubalulekile

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ukuthi babesevele bafa noma sebelulungisiwe.

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Ingabe izinombolo ezikhuphukayo zakhiwa ngenhloso, ngoba
izinombolo ezikhuphukayo ziholela ekwesabeni okwengeziwe?

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Izinsika zokukhanya eziphansi kulesi sigrafu
zikhombisa inani langempela lamacala amasha e-AIDS ngonyaka.

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Nokho, kwenziwa umphakathi ukubalwa okuhlanganisiwe kuphela.

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Incazelo nokuxilongwa kwe-AIDS

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I-AIDS isichazwe kabusha kaningi.

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Isithombe-sibonakaliso sikhombisa ukuthi ngo-1993,
e-United States kwaba nokunyuka okukhulu okubonakalayo

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kokutheleleka kwe-AIDS okusha uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe.

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Nokho, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi ngo-1993
i-USA yayingeyodwa kuphela izwe elachaza i-AIDS

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njengokuba nenani eliphansi lama-T4 lymphocytes.

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E-Afrika, i-HIV yayixilongwa kakhulu
ngokwezokwelapha, okusho ukuthi kwakudingeka kuhlangatshezwane

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nezimfuneko ezimbili eziyinhloko nesinye esesibili.

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Kwathi-ke, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe
e-labhorethri, umuntu watholakala ene-AIDS.

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E-Afrika, izifo ezijwayelekile zobubha sezichazwe kabusha nje.

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Incazelo yaseCaracas ye-AIDS yaseNingizimu Melika yathi, quote:

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"Nakuba iziguli ze-AIDS eBrazil zivame kakhulu ukuba nomkhuhlane,
isifo sohudo nokwehla kwesisindo okudlula inani

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elibekiwe, lokhu akuzange kubonakale kaningi
ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-WHO."

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Ukuze kugwenywe ubunzima bokunquma isisindo esijwayelekile noma
ukukala iziguli eziningi, incazelo yaseCaracas

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ivumela ukungabi nesisindo esanele ukuthi kuxilongwe
ngokwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokukala isisindo sesiguli.

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Kubonakala sengathi abantu baseNingizimu Melika
babengadli kahle ngokwanele ukuze babhekwe njengezimo ze-AIDS.

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Lokhu kuchazwa kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka
ukugcina inani lamacala e-AIDS liphezulu.

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Inani lamacala

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Izibalo zamacala e-AIDS zibaliwe kanjani?

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Yonke icala le-AIDS elibikiwe liye
lanyuka ezindaweni ngenxa yezici ezahlukene.

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E-Asia ngo-84.55, e-Afrika ngo-6.65, noma
eMelika – ngaphandle kwe-USA – ngo-3.98.

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Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV

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Ezinye izivivinyo ze-HIV kamuva zakhishwa
emakethe ngoba zinikeze imiphumela engathembekile,

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ngokwehlu elishicilelwe yiPaul Ehrlich Institute.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziningi ezaziwayo
ezibangela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV engamanga.

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Izici ezibonwe emibhalweni yesayensi eyaziwayo nenembile.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo
bezingalingani ezweni nelinye noma esifundeni nesinye.

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Lezi kwakuyizici ezithile ezivela enkulumweni kaMichael
Leitner ezibonisa ukuthi i-AIDS yalawulwa ngenhloso futhi

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yandiswa ngokweqile yaba yisifo esiyingozi emhlabeni wonke.

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Ungathola isixhumanisi senkulumo
yonke esigabeni sezinkomba ekugcineni.

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Isiphetho sikaMichael Leitner sithi kanje:

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"Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi seminyaka engu-40 samaphephandaba,
ithelevishini namafilimu agcwele amagciwane amabi azama

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njalo ukusibhubhisa, le mpungushe mayelana nomkhuhlane
owabizwa kabusha ngokuthi iCorona bekungeke kwenzeke."

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Siphothula ngesisho sikaKary Mullis, owine umklomelo
weNobel kwezokhemistri, esisikhuthaza ukuthi sibuze

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ngokucophelela futhi siqinisekise izinto ezethulwa kithi.

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"Uma amaphesenti angu-99 abacwaningi bonke
bevumelana ngento ethile, cishe ayiphutha."

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Ngakho-ke, bukela i-Kla.TV futhi wabelane
nabanye izinhlelo zethu ezicwaningwe kahle.