WEBVTT

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Kumithombo yezindaba ezizibiza ngokuthi
ziyahola, izinkinga zomhlaba jikelele zihlala

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zichazwa kubantu kusetshenziswa imiphumela yesayensi.

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Noma ngabe kuyinguquko yesimo sezulu noma inhlekelele
ye-coronavirus, umyalezo uhlala ufana: "Ososayensi bayavumelana."

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Kodwa ngabe kunjalo ngempela?

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Ingabe isayensi ayikhuli ngokubuza imibuzo,
ukungabaza kanye nengxoxo yezimvo ezehlukene?

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uRichard Feynman, isazi se-fiziksi saseMelika
nowine umklomelo weNobel, wagcizelela indima

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ebalulekile yokungabaza kwesayensi muva nje ngo-1965.

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Uthe ukukholwa ekungazini kwabachwepheshe
kuyisici esiyinhloko kwesayensi, okugcizelela

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isidingo sokungabaza nokungabaza okujulile.

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Lesi simiso sibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi, ngoba
sivumela ukubuza imibuzo emisha nokwandisa imingcele yolwazi.

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UFeynman wagcizelela ukuthi akufanele nje
kushiywe isikhala sokungabaza, kodwa kufanele

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kukhuthazwe ngenkuthalo ukuze kwenziwe intuthuko.

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Nokho, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu.

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Hans-Joachim Zillmer, umbhali nomcwaningi
womlando womhlaba ovivinywayo, uyakwazi lokhu.

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Uyaphikisa ngokuqinile, ethi, "Kuyinkolelo
engalungile evamile ukukholelwa ukuthi imiphumela emisha

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yocwaningo lwesayensi iyaphumelela ngokuzenzakalelayo."

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Ngokusho kukaZillmer, imidiya idlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu.

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Eqhutshwa yizombusazwe, banquma ukuthi yiziphi
iziphetho nemodeli ezisakazwayo nokuthi yiziphi ezingasakazwa.

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Ngokufanayo, imibono yakudala icindezelwa
uma iphikisana nombono womhlaba wamanje.

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Zombili izimfundiso zakudala kanye nesisho
sikaZillmer: "Imibono emisha ngokuphelele futhi

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mhlawumbe ewusizo ayitholi ukwesekwa ukuze yivezwe obala."

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Isazi uProfesa Dokotela Christof Kuhbandner ungumuntu owabekwa
ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okukhulu ngabezindaba ezinkulu

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ngesikhathi senhlekelele ye-coronavirus ngoba naye
waphikisa imibono yabachwepheshe ababizwa kanjalo.

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Engxoxweni noGunnar Kaiser, uveza
lokho akubona njengesisekelo sesayensi.

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"Njengososayensi, empeleni angikaze ngikhulume ngeqiniso."

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Kukhona isisho sikaRichard Feynman, isazi
se-fiziksi nomnqobi weMbasa yeNobel, othi: "Umbono

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oyinhloko wesayensi empeleni ukubuza imibuzo kochwepheshe."

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Ngakho-ke uma ngicabanga ngokwesayensi, umsebenzi wami
ukuhlola imibono yochwepheshe nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabantu.

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Futhi kuvame ukuba nokudideka
kwemibandela yokuxhumana kwesayensi kwabanye abantu.

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Empeleni, ngihlale ngizibuza: Ngikhuluma
njengososayensi noma njengochwepheshe?

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"Njengososayensi, unomthwalo wemfanelo wokubuza
noma yiluphi iqiniso oluthengiswa ngochwepheshe."

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Lena yinjongo yangempela yesayensi.

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Nokho, ososayensi abenza kanjalo ngokushesha bazizwa imiphumela.

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Isazi kwezokuxhumana uProfesa Michael Meyen usephonswa
inselelo njalo yabezindaba eziyinhloko, okwamanje sekukhokelele

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ekuxoshweni kwakhe ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe wobungcweti.

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Encwadini yakhe entsha ethi Wie ich meine Uni verlor (Indlela
Engilahlekelwe Ngayo Iyunivesithi Yami), uMeyen akachazi nje

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kuphela imininingwane yomkhankaso lapho alahlekelwa cishe yonke
into eyayimchaza njengososayensi, kodwa futhi

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uhlaziya isizinda esijulile nesihlelekile: ukwakhiwa kabusha
okukhulu kwamayunivesithi eminyakeni engu-30 edlule.

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Kuyindaba yokuhweba, yokuhambisana,
yokwesaba kanye nokupolitika kocwaningo.

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Meyen ubhala: "Sifuna idemokhrasi, kodwa
sikhetha ukuthi ubani ovunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza."

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Isazi se-fiziksi nomkhankaseli wezimo zezulu uSabine Hossenfelder
manje uyabuza indlela esetshenziswayo yokuxhumanisa ezinye

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zezehlakalo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

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Uthi, "Ososayensi abaningi bezimo zezulu bayazi
ukuthi izifundo ezivela kulesi sikhungo sokuxilonga izimo

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zezulu azithembekile kangakanani, kodwa bayathula."

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"Kukhona ososayensi abaningi bemozulu abazi kahle ukuthi
lolu cwaningo olubizwa kanjalo aluthembekile, kodwa

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abakashono lutho ngoba bekungeke kube kuhle kwezombusazwe."

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u-Anke Uhlenwinkel, uprofesa wasenyuvesi wezifundo
zomhlaba nezomnotho, usanda kushicilela incwadi:

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Labo abadala izinkinga kumele bahambe –
ukususwa kwabaprofesa ababalulekile emanyuvesi

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Engxoxweni ne-AUF 1, uchaza ukuthi abaprofesa abaningi kakhulu
bayalahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo – hhayi ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo

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wezemfundo ombi, kodwa ngoba bebabuza imibuzo engakhululekile.

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Lapho okwakuyizindawo zengxoxo evulekile manje sekuyizikhungo
zokwesaba, zokuvinjelwa kolwazi nokuhambisana kwezombusazwe.

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Noma ubani ongavumelani nendaba eyamukelwe kabanzi uyakhishwa.

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Engxoxweni no-Elsa Mittmannsgruber, uxoxa ngokusetshenziswa
kabi kwamandla, ukuhambisana, nokungcatshwa komqondo wesayensi.

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Uphinde akholelwe ukuthi izakhamuzi zingakha imibono yazo
kuphela uma zithola ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amaqiniso esayensi.

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"... futhi uma wazi kangcono ngezinto ongazazi
ngempela, futhi lokho kungaphezu kakhulu kwalokho

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okuvame ukuxoxwa ngakho esizindeni somphakathi."

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Lapho wazi okuningi, ungakwazi kangcono
ukwakha umbono wakho oqinile futhi omelelayo,

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futhi ungakwazi nokubumba umbono womphakathi.

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"Nakuba isayensi ngempela ixhumana ngezinto ngokusobala
ngaphakathi kwayo, yebo, siyabona lokho kumaphrothokholi e-RKI

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lapho kwaxoxwa khona ngesayensi, kodwa lokho okwamenyezelwa
emphakathini kwakuyinto ehlukile ngokuphelele, singasho kanjalo."

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Yebo, futhi kukhona ososayensi abathile kulesi simo senhlekelele
ye-coronavirus ababe, ngokombono wami,

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banezinto ezibalulekile abazisho, kodwa abazange
balalelwe; bahlukaniswa eceleni, ngokuthi.

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Siphinde sifinyelele kulesi siphetho ngoba abanye abantu
ocwaningweni lwethu ngempela bawa kuleso sigaba, futhi uma

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bebemlalelwe, bekungaba nemibono okungenani
emibili, futhi izakhamuzi bezizokwazi ukuzinqumela ukuthi

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yikuphi abakuthola ekugcineni kukholakala kakhulu.

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Uma lokho kunganenzeki, uma sithi, ngokuthi,
"landela isayensi" – okuyisho okungeyona

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isayensi nhlobo, ngoba "isayensi" ayiyaleli lutho.

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Isayensi ayikhulumi ngokuthi kuhle noma kubi,
kodwa sikhuluma ngamaqiniso athile, izimiso

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zokucabanga, izivivinyo, noma yini esiyenzayo.

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Ungaphinde wenze izicwaningo bese uthi:
Kulungile, manje lokhu nalokho nalokho sekuphumile kukho,

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kodwa akusho ngempela ukuthi 'kuhle' noma 'kubi'.

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Esikhundleni salokho, ithi nje ukuthi iphesenti
ethile yabaphendulile bathe lokhu noma lokho.

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Futhi-ke, njengomhlali, ngiyakwazi ukwakha umbono wami uma
senginolwazi oluphelele, noma ngikubona

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kungabazeka, noma ngithi, kahle, bonke abangane bami bathi
okufanayo, ngakho-ke yini empeleni okwenza uthukuthele?

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Ekugcineni ngingazinqumela ngalokho.

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Kodwa uma ngingenalo lolu hlobo lwemiphumela yangempela, bese
bethi, yebo, kodwa kunomphumela owodwa futhi siyawulandela,

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khona-ke angisakwazi ukwenza lokho, futhi
umphakathi uba ngumphakathi ongenenkululeko ngoba umuntu

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ngamunye akasenayo inkululeko yokwenza izinqumo.

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Engxoxweni, uProfesa Anke Uhlenwinkel uphinde
axoxe ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uxhaso

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lwesithathu, olusetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ucwaningo.

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"Yebo, uxhaso lwemali oluvela kwabanye
abantu luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapha."

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Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusho ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-"good"
oludingekayo, futhi kukhona namanye amagama adume kakhulu,

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njengokuthi, okufanele uwafake ngokuphelele kulezi zicelo
zokuxhaswa ngemali zomuntu wesithathu ukuze ube nethuba nhlobo.

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Futhi manje sekukhona futhi uxhaso lwemali oluvela kwabanye
abahlinzeki, olukhangiswayo futhi osuvele wabiwa ngokwezidingo.

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uProfesa Gqirha Werner Kirstein uphinde waxoxa ngalolu
daba lokuxhaswa kwezimali e-AZK yesi-14 futhi wasungula

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igama elithi "ushintsho lwemvelo olubangelwa kwezombusazwe."

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"Ngizobuyela ekutheni lapha kunikezwa uxhaso olukhulu
lwezimali, ngokwemvelo yi-EU kanye nezifundazwe ngazinye."

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Ngakho-ke ososayensi abaningi baqashwa ukuze
bathuthukise izinhlelo zezimo zezulu futhi benze

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ucwaningo ngazo ukuze bathole uxhaso lwezimali.

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Okubalulekile wukuthi ngiphuma eyunivesithi ngokwami,
lapho sabona ukuthi uxhaso oluyisisekelo

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ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme alwanele ukuphatha izinto kahle.

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Ngakho-ke, usosayensi wenza ukuthini?

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Uzoqaphela ikhatalogi yezimali ze-EU kanye
nekhatalogi yezimali zaseJalimane, futhi kwamanye

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amazwe kukhona nezinye izikhatalogi ezifanayo.

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Manje uyabona, uthola isihloko esihambisana
nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, bese ngenza isiphakamiso,

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ngisicubungula, ngakusithumela kubaphathi abafanele.

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Bheka-ke, lapho nje amagama athi 'ukufudumala
komhlaba' noma 'ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa'

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evela kunoma yisiphi isimo, imali iyaqala ukugeleza.

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Okumangalisayo engake ngakubona kwaba ngesikhathi iqembu
lososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, hhayi ososayensi bezimo zezulu

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nhlobo – babengazi ngisho ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyini
ngempela, ukufudumala komhlaba, kulungile, ungakwazi

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ukubhekana nalokho – kwathi-ke isihloko sabo saba: "Ukuziphatha
kwamagwaja olwandle lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka"!

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Nansi indlela esifike ngayo; le ndaba
ayisabalulekile nhlobo. Okubalulekile ukuthi

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kuyinguquko yesimo sezulu, bese imali igeleza.

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Yebo, bese ubona abaxhasi abanomusa, ngakho akuyona i-EU
kuphela esekela izinto ezinjalo, namnyango kahulumeni kazwelonke

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nawo asekela izicelo ezinjalo futhi ucwaningo lunendima.

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Iningi labalingani bami, ngithi kubo: "Ngabe empeleni
niyenzani? Anihloli ukuthi iqiniso liyini noma okwenzekayo?"

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Yebo, sidinga imali, imali kumele ihambe.
Singaphila kanjani uma singenayo imali?

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Futhi-ke, vele, ungaphinde uqashe abafundi bezidaktela,
ungathenga amakhompyutha, ungatshala imali emishinini,

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kubasebenzi, njll., bese izinto ziqala ukuhamba kahle.

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Kodwa udinga uxhaso lwemali ngalokho, futhi
akubalulekile ukuthi ukhethe siphi isihloko, inqobo

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nje uma sinokuthile okuhlobene nokushisa komhlaba.

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Kudabukisa, kodwa kunjalo nje.

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Ososayensi abavunyelwe ukuvumelana, ngoba isayensi ikhula
ngokubuza imibuzo, ukungabaza kanye nengxoxo evulekile.

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Kuyabonakala ukuthi ucwaningo luxhomeke kwezombusazwe
futhi ngaleyo ndlela lulawulwa yizo ngokwabiwa kwezimali.

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Umphakathi ufunda kuphela ngemiphumela yesayensi
efunwa kwezombusazwe ngezinhlelo eziyinhloko zokuxhumana.

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Lokhu kubeka ososayensi ebamba, ngoba idumela
labo lesayensi futhi kaningi izindlela zabo

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zokuphila zisongelwa uma bengahambisani nalesi simiso.

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Ngakho-ke siyacela wonke umcwaningi oqotho – labo basosayensi
abafuna ukwenza ucwaningo oluqotho – ukuthi bangavumeli ukuba

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babhidlizwe, kodwa bavuse amazwi abo, banikeze ubufakazi
obuphikisayo futhi babe nesibindi ekubhekaneni nokuhlukunyezwa.