1
00:00:00,976 --> 00:00:07,020
Ho fapana le dinaha tse kang Switzerland kapa Jeremane, moo ente
e neng e le ya boithaopo ka dilemo tse mashome,

2
00:00:07,020 --> 00:00:13,691
bonyane ho fihlela ka 2020, dinaha tsohle tsa US di bile
le mefuta e itseng ya ente e tlamang bakeng sa bana.

3
00:00:13,691 --> 00:00:20,080
Ho latela litlaleho tsa boralitaba, Florida joale e
hlakola litlhoko tsa ente bakeng sa bana likolong tsa sechaba.

4
00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:26,121
"E mong le e mong oa bona o fosahetse ebile o tletse nyeliso le
bokgoba," ho boletse Joseph Lapado, hlooho

5
00:00:26,121 --> 00:00:31,446
ea bolaoli ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba
lehae, ho latela sengoloa se hlahileng ho NZZ .

6
00:00:31,446 --> 00:00:37,974
Boikitlaetso ba Florida ke karolo ea phetoho e akaretsang
ea leano tlas'a Mongoli oa Bophelo bo Botle, Robert F.

7
00:00:37,974 --> 00:00:42,639
Kennedy Junior, ea ntseng a nts'a belaella melemo ea liente.

8
00:00:42,639 --> 00:00:48,957
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, WHO e lemosa ka kotsi e ntseng e eketseha
ea ho qhoma ha masoebe le sefuba sa khomo sebakeng sa

9
00:00:48,957 --> 00:00:55,857
heno, ho thoeng ho bakoa ke ho theoha hanyenyane ha
sekhahla sa ente, ho kenyeletsa le Jeremane le Switzerland.

10
00:00:55,857 --> 00:01:02,984
Ho thibela ho qhoma ha mafu ho tšoaetsana ka kotloloho ho
tloha US ho ea Europe, sekhahla sa ente mona se tlameha ho

11
00:01:02,984 --> 00:01:07,000
lula se le holimo. Ho tsosa tšabo hona ha se ntho e ncha.

12
00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:13,714
Ka mohlala, lilemong tse fetang leshome tse fetileng, makasine oa
litaba Der Spiegel o ile oa tlaleha: "Maselese e ne e le le leng

13
00:01:13,714 --> 00:01:17,360
la mafu a tšabehang ka ho fetisisa le a bolaeang lefatšeng."

14
00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:23,113
Yaba ho tla ente, mme tshabo ya lefu leo ho
neng ho nahannwe hore ke la bongoana ya lebalwa.

15
00:01:23,113 --> 00:01:27,123
Jwale dikokwanahloko di a ntse di ata hape
Jeremane – e le phello ya morao ya ho

16
00:01:27,123 --> 00:01:30,913
qea-qea ho enta le tlhahisoleseding e fosahetseng.

17
00:01:30,913 --> 00:01:36,830
Ho latela sengolwa sa NZZ se qotsitsweng qalong,
"tsela e molemohadi ya ho lwantsha mehopolo e se nang

18
00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:41,661
motheo e kgahlanong le ente ke ka thuto e tshepahalang."

19
00:01:41,661 --> 00:01:47,082
Kla.TV e bontšitse mananeong a mangata hore mecha ea phatlalatso
e bitsoang e ka sehloohong – e kenyeletsang

20
00:01:47,082 --> 00:01:52,526
NZZ – e batla e sa fane ka tlhahisoleseling
e tšepahalang, haholo-holo mabapi le liente.

21
00:01:52,526 --> 00:01:56,893
Kla.TV e thehiloe hobane mecha ena ea litaba e
ntse e hloleha ka ho eketsehileng mosebetsing

22
00:01:56,893 --> 00:01:59,797
oa eona oa ho fana ka litlaleho tse ikemetseng.

23
00:01:59,797 --> 00:02:04,068
Mme ka lebaka lena, Kla.TV e boetse e
batlisisitse dipotso bakeng sa hao:

24
00:02:04,068 --> 00:02:11,511
Na ke nnete hore liente tsa maselese li se li pholositse batho
ba limilione lefatšeng ka bophara bokuleng bo matla le lefu?

25
00:02:11,511 --> 00:02:18,668
Na ehlile ke ka lebaka la liente hore mafu a
tšoaetsanoang a kang maselese ha a sa le kotsi kajeno?

26
00:02:18,668 --> 00:02:23,626
Ha re shebeng sekhahla sa mafu a
maselese lilemong tse 130 tse fetileng.

27
00:02:23,626 --> 00:02:29,602
Webosaeteng ea CDC , litokomane tsa nalane li bontša sekhahla
sa mafu bakeng sa lisosa tse fapaneng tsa lefu ho tloha ka 1880.

28
00:02:29,602 --> 00:02:35,016
Ka nako eo, sekgahla sa mafu a maselese e
ne e le mafu a 41.4 ho batho ba 100,000.

29
00:02:35,016 --> 00:02:37,858
Lintlha li bua ka Prussia ka nako eo.

30
00:02:37,858 --> 00:02:44,140
Ka 1890, sekgahla sa mafu se ne se theohile
hanyane ho ya ho mafu a 40.6 ho baahi ba 100,000.

31
00:02:44,140 --> 00:02:49,763
Lilemo tse leshome hamorao, sekhahla sa mafu se ne se
fetoha-fetoha pakeng tsa mafu a 23 le 31 ho baahi ba 100,000.

32
00:02:49,763 --> 00:02:58,105
Ka kakaretso, hoo e ne e le mafu a fetang 10,000 a maselese selemo
se seng le se seng. Ha re fetoheleng lipalo tsa morao-rao.

33
00:02:58,105 --> 00:03:03,056
Liphatlalatso tsa "bga" tsa 1994 li qotsa
sekhahla sa mafu a maselese bakeng sa lilemo

34
00:03:03,056 --> 00:03:06,696
tsa 1924 ho isa ho 1938 naheng ea German Reich.

35
00:03:06,696 --> 00:03:13,396
Ka 1925, batho ba 11 ho ba 100,000 ba ile ba
hlokahala ka lebaka la maselese, ka 1930 e le 4.6

36
00:03:13,396 --> 00:03:18,364
feela, mme ka 1935 e le 2.5 feela ho baahi ba 100,000.

37
00:03:18,364 --> 00:03:24,069
Lintlha tsa sebaka sa Rephaboliki e Kopaneng ea Jeremane li
fumaneha ho tloha ka 1950 ho ea pele. Ka selemo seo, batho

38
00:03:24,069 --> 00:03:26,676
ba 0.8 ho ba 100,000 ba ne ba ntse ba shoela mafu a sefuba.

39
00:03:26,676 --> 00:03:33,369
Ka 1960, e ne e le 0.29 feela, mme ka 1970, e le 0.13 feela.

40
00:03:33,369 --> 00:03:39,290
0.13 ho baahi ba 100,000 ke ka tlase ho karolo ea
lekgolong la boraro ea sekhahla sa mafu sa 1880,

41
00:03:39,290 --> 00:03:43,169
se neng se feta 40 ho baahi ba 100,000 ka nako eo.

42
00:03:43,169 --> 00:03:47,743
Kapa, ka ho e beha ka tsela e nngwe: ka 1970, batho ba
ka hodimonyana ho 10,000 ba ile ba hlokahala ka lebaka

43
00:03:47,743 --> 00:03:51,205
la maselese naheng ya Jeremane, empa e bile ba 79 feela.

44
00:03:51,205 --> 00:03:58,606
Ka mantsoe a mang, mafu a maselese Jeremane a
theohile ka hoo e ka bang liphesente tse 99.7 pakeng

45
00:03:58,606 --> 00:04:03,380
tsa 1880 le 1970 – ntle le ente efe kapa efe ho hang!

46
00:04:03,380 --> 00:04:09,078
E bile feela mathwasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970 ha
liente tsa pele tsa maselese li ne li fanoa Jeremane.

47
00:04:09,078 --> 00:04:14,080
Polelo e qotsitsoeng qalong ea sengoloa sena ho tsoa ho
Der Spiegel, e bolelang hore ente ke eona e bakileng ho

48
00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:17,827
fokotseha ha mafu a masoebe, ka hona ke leshano le hlakileng.

49
00:04:17,827 --> 00:04:25,163
Ka 1962, ho bonahala maselese a ne a se a sa kotsi hoo Motlatsi
oa Mopresidente oa Ofisi ea Bophelo bo Botle ea

50
00:04:25,163 --> 00:04:33,483
Federale le Mopresidente oa Setsi sa Robert Koch, Prof. Georg
Henneberg, a ileng a ngola ho Federal Health Gazette:

51
00:04:33,483 --> 00:04:42,157
Ho entoa khahlanong le maselese ha ho kgothaletswe hajwale hobane
maselese a kotsi feela maemong a sa tlwaelehang a ka phekolwang

52
00:04:42,157 --> 00:04:47,398
ka meriana. Ka hona, thibelo ya sewa ka ente ha e na motheo.

53
00:04:47,398 --> 00:04:53,242
Leha ho le jwalo, Jeremane e ile ya qala ho entela
kgahlanong le maselese mathwasong a dilemo tsa bo-1970.

54
00:04:53,242 --> 00:04:59,660
Prof. Henneberg, eo hona joale e leng setho sa STIKO, ho
bonahala a ne a batla ho ikarola tlhahlobong ea hae, mme, a e-na

55
00:04:59,660 --> 00:05:03,980
le litho tse ling tsa STIKO, a tšehetsa khothaletso ea ente.

56
00:05:03,980 --> 00:05:09,113
Mongoli oa lenaneo lena o ile a botsa
Lekala la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle (BMG).

57
00:05:09,113 --> 00:05:15,047
"Lekala la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle le na le tlhahisoleseding
efe mabapi le mabaka a phokotseho ea liperesente tse 99

58
00:05:15,047 --> 00:05:18,861
mafung a maselese – le pele ho kenyelletso ea ente ea maselese?"

59
00:05:18,861 --> 00:05:23,563
BMG e bolela: "Ke feela ka mananeo a maholo a
ente moo tsoelopele e kholo e entsoeng

60
00:05:23,563 --> 00:05:27,098
lefatšeng ka bophara ntoeng khahlanong le masoebe."

61
00:05:27,098 --> 00:05:35,758
Ho ya ka WHO, palo ya mafu a kanketse e
theohile ka diphesente tse 84 pakeng tsa 2000

62
00:05:35,758 --> 00:05:40,592
le 2016, ho tloha ho 550,000 ho ya ho 89,780.

63
00:05:40,592 --> 00:05:46,441
Nakong eona eo, liente tsa maselese li
thibetse mafu a ka bang limilione tse 20.4.

64
00:05:46,441 --> 00:05:53,311
Ka ho etsa jwalo, BMG e ile ya pheta dipuo tse tlwaelehileng tsa
papatso tsa indasteri ya meriana, empa ya se ke ya araba potso e

65
00:05:53,311 --> 00:05:58,264
neng e botsitswe. Ka hona, mongodi wa lenaneo o
ile a tswela pele ho botsa, mme ka moo Lekala

66
00:05:58,264 --> 00:06:01,477
la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle la ipolela hore:

67
00:06:01,477 --> 00:06:06,713
Ke 'nete hore sekhahla sa lefu la mafu a mangata a tšoaetsanoang
se theohile haholo, le pele ho kenyelletso ea mananeo a

68
00:06:06,713 --> 00:06:12,298
pharaletseng a ente, haholo-holo ka lebaka la maemo a phetlo a
ntlafetseng le phepo e nepahetseng e amanang le 'ona, bohloeki bo

69
00:06:12,298 --> 00:06:17,534
ntlafalitsoeng (haholo-holo phepelo ea metsi a nooang le
tlhoekiso ea likhoerekhoere), mekgwa e lebisitsweng ya ho laola

70
00:06:17,534 --> 00:06:22,464
tshwaetso jwalo ka ho kgaohanya le ho behela batho ka thoko ha ho
ka ba le ho qhoma ha bolwetse, le tshebediso ya

71
00:06:22,464 --> 00:06:27,862
meriana, di ne di se di fokotsehile haholo pele
ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha mananeo a maholo a ente.

72
00:06:27,862 --> 00:06:34,165
Ka lebaka leo, boima ba mafu a tšoaetsanoang bo fokotsehile
lefatšeng ka bophara, linaheng tse tsoetseng pele indastering le

73
00:06:34,165 --> 00:06:38,657
hape Jeremane. Sena se sebetsa le maemong a maselese Jeremane. "

74
00:06:38,657 --> 00:06:44,081
Ka hona, ho hlakile hore le pele ente ea maselese e
hlahisoa, maselese a ne a se a sa baka kotsi,

75
00:06:44,081 --> 00:06:48,091
haholo-holo ka lebaka la maemo a phetlo a ntlafetseng.

76
00:06:48,091 --> 00:06:52,375
Sena ha se sebetse feela Jeremane, empa le
dinaheng tsohle tse ruileng tse indasterileng.

77
00:06:52,375 --> 00:06:58,540
Mongoli le mohlahlobisisi oa liente, Wolfram Klingele, o paka
sena ka botlalo letotong la hae la libuka tse hlano "Liente –

78
00:06:58,540 --> 00:07:03,249
Lintlha tsa Nnete" a sebelisa lipalo-palo tse ngata tsa semmuso.

79
00:07:03,249 --> 00:07:08,286
Haeba liente tsa maselese li ne li na le phello efe
kapa efe e ntle, katleho ea mananeo a liente tsa maselese

80
00:07:08,286 --> 00:07:11,564
le eona e ne e lokela ho bonahala lipalopalong tsa mafu.

81
00:07:11,564 --> 00:07:19,304
Mona o ka bona setšoantšo se tsoang khatisong "Boholo ba ente le
tšireletso ea 'mele khahlanong le maselese, mumps, rubella le

82
00:07:19,304 --> 00:07:27,812
TBE ho baithuti ba kereiti ea bone Baden-Württemberg 2008/09"
e entsoeng ke Ofisi ea Bophelo ea Naha ea Baden-Württemberg.

83
00:07:27,812 --> 00:07:35,156
E bontša phokotseho e kholo haholo ea sekhahla sa mafu a
maselese ho tloha ka 1950 ho fihlela qalong ea ente lilemong tsa

84
00:07:35,156 --> 00:07:39,804
pele tsa bo-1970 – le phokotseho e 'ngoe ho fihlela ka 1989.

85
00:07:39,804 --> 00:07:48,481
Iketsetse kahlolo. Na o bona ho putlama
ho potlakileng ha ho qala ente ka 1973?

86
00:07:48,481 --> 00:07:54,951
Re qetella ka qotso e tsoang ho 'muelli oa molao le setsebi sa
fisiksi Clifford Miller, ea pepesang polelo e atisang ho phetoa

87
00:07:54,951 --> 00:08:01,370
ea hore liente li le 'ngoe feela li fokolitse mafu a tšoaetsanoang
a kang maselese linaheng tse tsoetseng pele indastering, e

88
00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:05,396
le leqheka le bohlale la phatlalatso la lik'hamphani tsa meriana:

89
00:08:05,396 --> 00:08:12,071
"Ka lebaka la mofuta ona oa ho feteletsa lipalo, o neng o
etsahala khafetsa, ho ile ha hlakeha ho 'na le ho feta hore

90
00:08:12,071 --> 00:08:18,975
lik'hamphani tsa meriana nakong ea kamora ntoa ea lilemo tsa
bo-1950 le bo-1960 li ne li mpa li shebile feela sekhahla sa

91
00:08:18,975 --> 00:08:23,107
mafu se neng se theoha ka potlako linaheng tsa Bophirimela.

92
00:08:23,107 --> 00:08:29,578
Ena e ne e le monyetla o nang le phaello e kholo oa ho
tsebisa mananeo a phalliso ea liente. Ba ne ba ke ke ba hloloa.

93
00:08:29,578 --> 00:08:35,755
Dipalopalo tsa mafu tsa dilemo tse makgolo a mabedi di bontshitse
hore sekgahla sa ho hlaha ha mafu se

94
00:08:35,755 --> 00:08:42,190
theohile haholo, mme ho theoha hona ho ile ha
tswela pele ho ba boemong bo tlase kamora 1940.

95
00:08:42,190 --> 00:08:45,928
Kahoo ho ne ho tshwana le ho bapala bolo ya maoto o theoha
leralla, o na le moya o matla o o sutumetsang ka morao –

96
00:08:45,928 --> 00:08:48,448
kgahlanong le sehlopha se nang le leoto le le leng feela.

97
00:08:48,448 --> 00:08:53,023
Ba (lik'hamphani tsa meriana) e tlameha hore ebe
ba ile ba hlokomela hore liente tsa bona li tla

98
00:08:53,023 --> 00:08:56,120
rorisoa e le bapholosi ba lefatše ho tsoa malwetseng.

99
00:08:56,120 --> 00:09:02,830
Ba tlameha hape ba ile ba hlokomela hore ntle le haeba motho a ka
nka khato kapele haholo, monyetla ona o ne o tla lahleha, hobane

100
00:09:02,830 --> 00:09:07,423
qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, sekhahla
sa ho kula le ho shoa se ne se tla be se

101
00:09:07,423 --> 00:09:11,801
theohile le ho feta ho fihla maemong a tlase haholo."

102
00:09:11,801 --> 00:09:16,812
Ke nako e loketseng hore leqheka lena la phatlalatso la indasteri
ea meriana – le patiloeng ke boralipolotiki le

103
00:09:16,812 --> 00:09:22,330
mecha ea litaba – le pepesetsoe 'me le tsejoe
eseng feela United States empa lefatšeng ka bophara!

104
00:09:22,330 --> 00:09:26,687
Ka hona, tobana le ngaka ea hau, ba boholong,
mekhatlo ea 'muso, basebetsi-'moho,

105
00:09:26,687 --> 00:09:30,403
metsoalle le batho bao u ba tsebang ka lintlha tsena.

106
00:09:30,403 --> 00:09:35,677
Mme o ngole lengolo ho mohlophisi, mohlala,
haeba sengolwa se boela se bolela hore meento e

107
00:09:35,677 --> 00:09:38,690
fokoditse mafu a tshwaetsanang a jwalo ka maselese.