WEBVTT 00:00.976 --> 00:07.020 Ho fapana le dinaha tse kang Switzerland kapa Jeremane, moo ente e neng e le ya boithaopo ka dilemo tse mashome, 00:07.020 --> 00:13.691 bonyane ho fihlela ka 2020, dinaha tsohle tsa US di bile le mefuta e itseng ya ente e tlamang bakeng sa bana. 00:13.691 --> 00:20.080 Ho latela litlaleho tsa boralitaba, Florida joale e hlakola litlhoko tsa ente bakeng sa bana likolong tsa sechaba. 00:20.080 --> 00:26.121 "E mong le e mong oa bona o fosahetse ebile o tletse nyeliso le bokgoba," ho boletse Joseph Lapado, hlooho 00:26.121 --> 00:31.446 ea bolaoli ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba lehae, ho latela sengoloa se hlahileng ho NZZ . 00:31.446 --> 00:37.974 Boikitlaetso ba Florida ke karolo ea phetoho e akaretsang ea leano tlas'a Mongoli oa Bophelo bo Botle, Robert F. 00:37.974 --> 00:42.639 Kennedy Junior, ea ntseng a nts'a belaella melemo ea liente. 00:42.639 --> 00:48.957 Ka lehlakoreng le leng, WHO e lemosa ka kotsi e ntseng e eketseha ea ho qhoma ha masoebe le sefuba sa khomo sebakeng sa 00:48.957 --> 00:55.857 heno, ho thoeng ho bakoa ke ho theoha hanyenyane ha sekhahla sa ente, ho kenyeletsa le Jeremane le Switzerland. 00:55.857 --> 01:02.984 Ho thibela ho qhoma ha mafu ho tšoaetsana ka kotloloho ho tloha US ho ea Europe, sekhahla sa ente mona se tlameha ho 01:02.984 --> 01:07.000 lula se le holimo. Ho tsosa tšabo hona ha se ntho e ncha. 01:07.000 --> 01:13.714 Ka mohlala, lilemong tse fetang leshome tse fetileng, makasine oa litaba Der Spiegel o ile oa tlaleha: "Maselese e ne e le le leng 01:13.714 --> 01:17.360 la mafu a tšabehang ka ho fetisisa le a bolaeang lefatšeng." 01:17.360 --> 01:23.113 Yaba ho tla ente, mme tshabo ya lefu leo ho neng ho nahannwe hore ke la bongoana ya lebalwa. 01:23.113 --> 01:27.123 Jwale dikokwanahloko di a ntse di ata hape Jeremane – e le phello ya morao ya ho 01:27.123 --> 01:30.913 qea-qea ho enta le tlhahisoleseding e fosahetseng. 01:30.913 --> 01:36.830 Ho latela sengolwa sa NZZ se qotsitsweng qalong, "tsela e molemohadi ya ho lwantsha mehopolo e se nang 01:36.830 --> 01:41.661 motheo e kgahlanong le ente ke ka thuto e tshepahalang." 01:41.661 --> 01:47.082 Kla.TV e bontšitse mananeong a mangata hore mecha ea phatlalatso e bitsoang e ka sehloohong – e kenyeletsang 01:47.082 --> 01:52.526 NZZ – e batla e sa fane ka tlhahisoleseling e tšepahalang, haholo-holo mabapi le liente. 01:52.526 --> 01:56.893 Kla.TV e thehiloe hobane mecha ena ea litaba e ntse e hloleha ka ho eketsehileng mosebetsing 01:56.893 --> 01:59.797 oa eona oa ho fana ka litlaleho tse ikemetseng. 01:59.797 --> 02:04.068 Mme ka lebaka lena, Kla.TV e boetse e batlisisitse dipotso bakeng sa hao: 02:04.068 --> 02:11.511 Na ke nnete hore liente tsa maselese li se li pholositse batho ba limilione lefatšeng ka bophara bokuleng bo matla le lefu? 02:11.511 --> 02:18.668 Na ehlile ke ka lebaka la liente hore mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang maselese ha a sa le kotsi kajeno? 02:18.668 --> 02:23.626 Ha re shebeng sekhahla sa mafu a maselese lilemong tse 130 tse fetileng. 02:23.626 --> 02:29.602 Webosaeteng ea CDC , litokomane tsa nalane li bontša sekhahla sa mafu bakeng sa lisosa tse fapaneng tsa lefu ho tloha ka 1880. 02:29.602 --> 02:35.016 Ka nako eo, sekgahla sa mafu a maselese e ne e le mafu a 41.4 ho batho ba 100,000. 02:35.016 --> 02:37.858 Lintlha li bua ka Prussia ka nako eo. 02:37.858 --> 02:44.140 Ka 1890, sekgahla sa mafu se ne se theohile hanyane ho ya ho mafu a 40.6 ho baahi ba 100,000. 02:44.140 --> 02:49.763 Lilemo tse leshome hamorao, sekhahla sa mafu se ne se fetoha-fetoha pakeng tsa mafu a 23 le 31 ho baahi ba 100,000. 02:49.763 --> 02:58.105 Ka kakaretso, hoo e ne e le mafu a fetang 10,000 a maselese selemo se seng le se seng. Ha re fetoheleng lipalo tsa morao-rao. 02:58.105 --> 03:03.056 Liphatlalatso tsa "bga" tsa 1994 li qotsa sekhahla sa mafu a maselese bakeng sa lilemo 03:03.056 --> 03:06.696 tsa 1924 ho isa ho 1938 naheng ea German Reich. 03:06.696 --> 03:13.396 Ka 1925, batho ba 11 ho ba 100,000 ba ile ba hlokahala ka lebaka la maselese, ka 1930 e le 4.6 03:13.396 --> 03:18.364 feela, mme ka 1935 e le 2.5 feela ho baahi ba 100,000. 03:18.364 --> 03:24.069 Lintlha tsa sebaka sa Rephaboliki e Kopaneng ea Jeremane li fumaneha ho tloha ka 1950 ho ea pele. Ka selemo seo, batho 03:24.069 --> 03:26.676 ba 0.8 ho ba 100,000 ba ne ba ntse ba shoela mafu a sefuba. 03:26.676 --> 03:33.369 Ka 1960, e ne e le 0.29 feela, mme ka 1970, e le 0.13 feela. 03:33.369 --> 03:39.290 0.13 ho baahi ba 100,000 ke ka tlase ho karolo ea lekgolong la boraro ea sekhahla sa mafu sa 1880, 03:39.290 --> 03:43.169 se neng se feta 40 ho baahi ba 100,000 ka nako eo. 03:43.169 --> 03:47.743 Kapa, ka ho e beha ka tsela e nngwe: ka 1970, batho ba ka hodimonyana ho 10,000 ba ile ba hlokahala ka lebaka 03:47.743 --> 03:51.205 la maselese naheng ya Jeremane, empa e bile ba 79 feela. 03:51.205 --> 03:58.606 Ka mantsoe a mang, mafu a maselese Jeremane a theohile ka hoo e ka bang liphesente tse 99.7 pakeng 03:58.606 --> 04:03.380 tsa 1880 le 1970 – ntle le ente efe kapa efe ho hang! 04:03.380 --> 04:09.078 E bile feela mathwasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970 ha liente tsa pele tsa maselese li ne li fanoa Jeremane. 04:09.078 --> 04:14.080 Polelo e qotsitsoeng qalong ea sengoloa sena ho tsoa ho Der Spiegel, e bolelang hore ente ke eona e bakileng ho 04:14.080 --> 04:17.827 fokotseha ha mafu a masoebe, ka hona ke leshano le hlakileng. 04:17.827 --> 04:25.163 Ka 1962, ho bonahala maselese a ne a se a sa kotsi hoo Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Ofisi ea Bophelo bo Botle ea 04:25.163 --> 04:33.483 Federale le Mopresidente oa Setsi sa Robert Koch, Prof. Georg Henneberg, a ileng a ngola ho Federal Health Gazette: 04:33.483 --> 04:42.157 Ho entoa khahlanong le maselese ha ho kgothaletswe hajwale hobane maselese a kotsi feela maemong a sa tlwaelehang a ka phekolwang 04:42.157 --> 04:47.398 ka meriana. Ka hona, thibelo ya sewa ka ente ha e na motheo. 04:47.398 --> 04:53.242 Leha ho le jwalo, Jeremane e ile ya qala ho entela kgahlanong le maselese mathwasong a dilemo tsa bo-1970. 04:53.242 --> 04:59.660 Prof. Henneberg, eo hona joale e leng setho sa STIKO, ho bonahala a ne a batla ho ikarola tlhahlobong ea hae, mme, a e-na 04:59.660 --> 05:03.980 le litho tse ling tsa STIKO, a tšehetsa khothaletso ea ente. 05:03.980 --> 05:09.113 Mongoli oa lenaneo lena o ile a botsa Lekala la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle (BMG). 05:09.113 --> 05:15.047 "Lekala la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle le na le tlhahisoleseding efe mabapi le mabaka a phokotseho ea liperesente tse 99 05:15.047 --> 05:18.861 mafung a maselese – le pele ho kenyelletso ea ente ea maselese?" 05:18.861 --> 05:23.563 BMG e bolela: "Ke feela ka mananeo a maholo a ente moo tsoelopele e kholo e entsoeng 05:23.563 --> 05:27.098 lefatšeng ka bophara ntoeng khahlanong le masoebe." 05:27.098 --> 05:35.758 Ho ya ka WHO, palo ya mafu a kanketse e theohile ka diphesente tse 84 pakeng tsa 2000 05:35.758 --> 05:40.592 le 2016, ho tloha ho 550,000 ho ya ho 89,780. 05:40.592 --> 05:46.441 Nakong eona eo, liente tsa maselese li thibetse mafu a ka bang limilione tse 20.4. 05:46.441 --> 05:53.311 Ka ho etsa jwalo, BMG e ile ya pheta dipuo tse tlwaelehileng tsa papatso tsa indasteri ya meriana, empa ya se ke ya araba potso e 05:53.311 --> 05:58.264 neng e botsitswe. Ka hona, mongodi wa lenaneo o ile a tswela pele ho botsa, mme ka moo Lekala 05:58.264 --> 06:01.477 la Federale la Bophelo bo Botle la ipolela hore: 06:01.477 --> 06:06.713 Ke 'nete hore sekhahla sa lefu la mafu a mangata a tšoaetsanoang se theohile haholo, le pele ho kenyelletso ea mananeo a 06:06.713 --> 06:12.298 pharaletseng a ente, haholo-holo ka lebaka la maemo a phetlo a ntlafetseng le phepo e nepahetseng e amanang le 'ona, bohloeki bo 06:12.298 --> 06:17.534 ntlafalitsoeng (haholo-holo phepelo ea metsi a nooang le tlhoekiso ea likhoerekhoere), mekgwa e lebisitsweng ya ho laola 06:17.534 --> 06:22.464 tshwaetso jwalo ka ho kgaohanya le ho behela batho ka thoko ha ho ka ba le ho qhoma ha bolwetse, le tshebediso ya 06:22.464 --> 06:27.862 meriana, di ne di se di fokotsehile haholo pele ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha mananeo a maholo a ente. 06:27.862 --> 06:34.165 Ka lebaka leo, boima ba mafu a tšoaetsanoang bo fokotsehile lefatšeng ka bophara, linaheng tse tsoetseng pele indastering le 06:34.165 --> 06:38.657 hape Jeremane. Sena se sebetsa le maemong a maselese Jeremane. " 06:38.657 --> 06:44.081 Ka hona, ho hlakile hore le pele ente ea maselese e hlahisoa, maselese a ne a se a sa baka kotsi, 06:44.081 --> 06:48.091 haholo-holo ka lebaka la maemo a phetlo a ntlafetseng. 06:48.091 --> 06:52.375 Sena ha se sebetse feela Jeremane, empa le dinaheng tsohle tse ruileng tse indasterileng. 06:52.375 --> 06:58.540 Mongoli le mohlahlobisisi oa liente, Wolfram Klingele, o paka sena ka botlalo letotong la hae la libuka tse hlano "Liente – 06:58.540 --> 07:03.249 Lintlha tsa Nnete" a sebelisa lipalo-palo tse ngata tsa semmuso. 07:03.249 --> 07:08.286 Haeba liente tsa maselese li ne li na le phello efe kapa efe e ntle, katleho ea mananeo a liente tsa maselese 07:08.286 --> 07:11.564 le eona e ne e lokela ho bonahala lipalopalong tsa mafu. 07:11.564 --> 07:19.304 Mona o ka bona setšoantšo se tsoang khatisong "Boholo ba ente le tšireletso ea 'mele khahlanong le maselese, mumps, rubella le 07:19.304 --> 07:27.812 TBE ho baithuti ba kereiti ea bone Baden-Württemberg 2008/09" e entsoeng ke Ofisi ea Bophelo ea Naha ea Baden-Württemberg. 07:27.812 --> 07:35.156 E bontša phokotseho e kholo haholo ea sekhahla sa mafu a maselese ho tloha ka 1950 ho fihlela qalong ea ente lilemong tsa 07:35.156 --> 07:39.804 pele tsa bo-1970 – le phokotseho e 'ngoe ho fihlela ka 1989. 07:39.804 --> 07:48.481 Iketsetse kahlolo. Na o bona ho putlama ho potlakileng ha ho qala ente ka 1973? 07:48.481 --> 07:54.951 Re qetella ka qotso e tsoang ho 'muelli oa molao le setsebi sa fisiksi Clifford Miller, ea pepesang polelo e atisang ho phetoa 07:54.951 --> 08:01.370 ea hore liente li le 'ngoe feela li fokolitse mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang maselese linaheng tse tsoetseng pele indastering, e 08:01.370 --> 08:05.396 le leqheka le bohlale la phatlalatso la lik'hamphani tsa meriana: 08:05.396 --> 08:12.071 "Ka lebaka la mofuta ona oa ho feteletsa lipalo, o neng o etsahala khafetsa, ho ile ha hlakeha ho 'na le ho feta hore 08:12.071 --> 08:18.975 lik'hamphani tsa meriana nakong ea kamora ntoa ea lilemo tsa bo-1950 le bo-1960 li ne li mpa li shebile feela sekhahla sa 08:18.975 --> 08:23.107 mafu se neng se theoha ka potlako linaheng tsa Bophirimela. 08:23.107 --> 08:29.578 Ena e ne e le monyetla o nang le phaello e kholo oa ho tsebisa mananeo a phalliso ea liente. Ba ne ba ke ke ba hloloa. 08:29.578 --> 08:35.755 Dipalopalo tsa mafu tsa dilemo tse makgolo a mabedi di bontshitse hore sekgahla sa ho hlaha ha mafu se 08:35.755 --> 08:42.190 theohile haholo, mme ho theoha hona ho ile ha tswela pele ho ba boemong bo tlase kamora 1940. 08:42.190 --> 08:45.928 Kahoo ho ne ho tshwana le ho bapala bolo ya maoto o theoha leralla, o na le moya o matla o o sutumetsang ka morao – 08:45.928 --> 08:48.448 kgahlanong le sehlopha se nang le leoto le le leng feela. 08:48.448 --> 08:53.023 Ba (lik'hamphani tsa meriana) e tlameha hore ebe ba ile ba hlokomela hore liente tsa bona li tla 08:53.023 --> 08:56.120 rorisoa e le bapholosi ba lefatše ho tsoa malwetseng. 08:56.120 --> 09:02.830 Ba tlameha hape ba ile ba hlokomela hore ntle le haeba motho a ka nka khato kapele haholo, monyetla ona o ne o tla lahleha, hobane 09:02.830 --> 09:07.423 qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, sekhahla sa ho kula le ho shoa se ne se tla be se 09:07.423 --> 09:11.801 theohile le ho feta ho fihla maemong a tlase haholo." 09:11.801 --> 09:16.812 Ke nako e loketseng hore leqheka lena la phatlalatso la indasteri ea meriana – le patiloeng ke boralipolotiki le 09:16.812 --> 09:22.330 mecha ea litaba – le pepesetsoe 'me le tsejoe eseng feela United States empa lefatšeng ka bophara! 09:22.330 --> 09:26.687 Ka hona, tobana le ngaka ea hau, ba boholong, mekhatlo ea 'muso, basebetsi-'moho, 09:26.687 --> 09:30.403 metsoalle le batho bao u ba tsebang ka lintlha tsena. 09:30.403 --> 09:35.677 Mme o ngole lengolo ho mohlophisi, mohlala, haeba sengolwa se boela se bolela hore meento e 09:35.677 --> 09:38.690 fokoditse mafu a tshwaetsanang a jwalo ka maselese.