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Ngokungafani namazwe afana neSwitzerland noma iJalimane, lapho
ukugoma bekuzithandela iminyaka eminingi,

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00:00:06,718 --> 00:00:13,691
okungenani kuze kube ngu-2020, zonke izifundazwe e-United
States bezinokugoma okuthile okubalulekile ezinganeni.

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00:00:13,691 --> 00:00:20,080
Ngokwemibiko yezindaba, iFlorida manje isisusa
izimfuneko zokugoma izingane ezikoleni zikahulumeni.

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"Ngamunye wabo akulungile futhi ugcwele
ukudikibala nobugqila," kusho uJoseph Lapado, inhloko

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yegunya lezempilo lendawo, ngokwencwadi ethi NZZ .

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Lo mkhankaso eFlorida uyingxenye yokuguqulwa
kwenqubomgomo jikelele ngaphansi koNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uRobert

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F. Kennedy Junior, oqhubeka ekubuza izinzuzo zokugoma.

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I-WHO, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwisa isixwayiso ngengozi ekhula
yokuqhuma kwemigulo yasendaweni, okubandakanya i-measles nesifo

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sokukhwehlela esikhulu, okuthiwa kubangelwa ukwehla kancane
kwezinga lokugoma, kuhlanganise eJalimane naseSwitzerland.

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00:00:55,857 --> 00:01:02,984
Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ngqo kusuka e-United
States kuya eYurophu, izinga lokugoma lapha kumele lihlale

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liphezulu. Lokhu ukudala ukwesaba akuyona into entsha.

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Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi edlule, isibonelo, iphephabhuku
lezindaba iDer Spiegel libike: "Umkhuhlane

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00:01:12,405 --> 00:01:17,360
wama-measles wawungomunye wezifo
ezazisesabeka kakhulu futhi ezibulalayo emhlabeni."

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Kwabe sekuza ukugoma, kwathi ukwesaba kwalesi sifo
esacatshangwa ukuthi siyisifo sobuntwana kwasala.

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Manje amagciwane ayasabalala futhi eJalimane –
njengomphumela wokubambezeleka kokukhathala ngemijovo

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yokugoma nokusabalala kolwazi olungelona iqiniso.

17
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Ngokwencwadi ye-NZZ ecashunwe ekuqaleni, "indlela
engcono kakhulu yokulwa nemibono engenasisekelo

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00:01:37,041 --> 00:01:41,661
yokuphikisa imijovo ukufundiswa ngokwethembeka".

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I-Kla.TV iveze ezinhlelweni eziningi ukuthi okubizwa
ngabezindaba eziyinhloko – okuhlanganisa i-NZZ – cishe abasoze

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banikeze ulwazi oluqotho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokugoma.

21
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Kla.TV yasungulwa ngoba lezi ziteshi zezindaba
sezihluleka kakhulu emsebenzini wazo wokunikeza imibiko ezimele.

22
00:01:59,797 --> 00:02:04,068
Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Kla.TV ihlolisise lolu daba ngawe:

23
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Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi imijovo yokugoma
i-measles isivele yasindisa izigidi zabantu

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emhlabeni wonke ekuguleni okukhulu nasekufeni?

25
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Ingabe ngempela kungenxa yokugoma ukuthi izifo
ezithathelana njengemvukuzane sezingenasongo namuhla?

26
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Ake sibheke izinga lokufa ngenxa
yomkhuhlane wama-measles eminyakeni engu-130 edlule.

27
00:02:23,626 --> 00:02:29,602
Kuwebhusayithi ye-CDC , imibhalo yomlando ikhombisa izinga
lokufa ngezimbangela ezahlukene zokufa kusukela ngo-1880.

28
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Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga lokufa ngomkhuhlane
wama-measles lalingama-41.4 ukufa kwabantu abangama-100 000.

29
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Idatha ibhekisela ePrussia ngaleso sikhathi.

30
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Ngo-1890, izinga lokufa lehle kancane laya
ku-40.6 ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-100,000.

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Emuva kweminyaka eyishumi, izinga lokufa
lashintsha phakathi kokufa okungu-23 no-31

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kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-100,000.

33
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Ngokuphelele, lokho kwakungaphezu kuka-10
000 ukufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles

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00:02:54,635 --> 00:02:58,105
minyaka yonke. Masibheke izinombolo zakamuva.

35
00:02:58,105 --> 00:03:02,677
Imibhalo ye-BGA yango-1994 ikhomba izinga
lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane wama-measles

36
00:03:02,677 --> 00:03:06,696
eminyakeni engu-1924 kuya ku-1938 eReich yaseJalimane.

37
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Ngo-1925, abantu abayishumi nanye kwabangu-100 000 bashona ngenxa
yomkhuhlane we-measles, ngo-1930 kwashona abangu-4.6 kuphela,

38
00:03:13,871 --> 00:03:18,364
kanti ngo-1935 kwashona abangu-2.5 kuphela kwabangu-100 000.

39
00:03:18,364 --> 00:03:23,996
Idatha yezwe leRiphabhulikhi Yezwe LaseJalimane iyatholakala
kusukela ngo-1950 kuqhubeke. Ngonyaka lowo, kwabantu abayizi-100

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00:03:23,996 --> 00:03:26,676
000, abangu-0.8 basashona ngenxa yokugula ngumkhuhlane wamakhowe.

41
00:03:26,676 --> 00:03:33,369
Ngo-1960, kwakungu-0.29 kuphela,
kanti ngo-1970, kwakungu-0.13 kuphela.

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0.13 kwabangu-100 000 kungaphansi kwelinye
kwangu-300 lwenzalo yokufa ngonyaka ka-1880,

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eyayingu-40 nangaphezulu kwabangu-100 000 ngaleso sikhathi.

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Noma, ngenye indlela yokusho: ngo-1970, abantu
abangaphezu kuka-10 000 bashona ngenxa yomkhuhlane

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we-measles eJalimane, kodwa kwashona abangu-79 kuphela.

46
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Ngamanye amazwi, ukufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane
we-measles eJalimane kwehle cishe ngo-99.7% phakathi

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00:03:58,804 --> 00:04:03,380
kuka-1880 no-1970 – ngaphandle kokugoma nhlobo!

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Kwaze kwaba ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 lapho
imijovo yokuqala yokugoma i-measles yafakwa eJalimane.

49
00:04:09,078 --> 00:04:14,207
Isitatimende esicashunwe ekuqaleni kwale ndatshana
evela ku-Der Spiegel, esithi ukugoma kuyimbangela yokwehla

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00:04:14,207 --> 00:04:17,827
kwezifo ze-measles, ngakho-ke ngokusobala kuyinkohliso.

51
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Ngo-1962, kubonakala sengathi umkhuhlane wama-measles wawungasabi
lutho kangangokuba uSekela Mongameli weHhovisi Lezempilo

52
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Likazwelonke noMongameli weRobert Koch Institute, uProfesa
Georg Henneberg, wabhala kuGazethi Yezempilo Likazwelonke:

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Ukuqhushunjelwa i-measles okwamanje akukhuthazeki ngoba
i-measles iyingozi kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile ezingelashwa

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ngokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ngobuningi akusekho isidingo.

55
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Nokho, iJalimane yaqala ukugoma
i-measles ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970.

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Profesa Henneberg, manje eseyilungu le-STIKO, kubonakala
sengathi wayefuna ukuzihlukanisa nokuhlaziywa kwakhe, futhi,

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kanye namanye amalungu e-STIKO, wavuma isincomo sokugoma.

58
00:05:03,980 --> 00:05:09,113
Umbhali walolu hlelo wabuza
eMnyangweni Kazwelonke Wezempilo (BMG).

59
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"Yiluphi ulwazi iMnyango Kazwelonke Wezempilo elinalo mayelana
nezizathu zokwehla ngo-99% kokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles

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– ngisho nangaphambi kokwethulwa komjovo wokugoma i-measles?"

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I-BMG ithi: "Kuphela ngezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu lapho kube
nokuthuthuka okukhulu emhlabeni wonke ekulweni nesifo sokugula."

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Ngokwe-WHO, inani lokufa ngenxa ye-measles lehle ngo-84% phakathi
konyaka ka-2000 no-2016, lisuka ku-550,000 laya ku-89,780.

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Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imijovo yokugoma
i-measles ivimbele cishe izigidi ezingama-20.4 zokufa.

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Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-BMG yaphinda iphinda ipropaganda evamile
yomkhakha wezokwelapha, kodwa ayizange iphendule

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umbuzo obuzwayo. Ngakho-ke umbhali wohlelo waqhubeka
ecindezela, lapho-ke uMnyango Kazwelonke Wezempilo wavuma:

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"Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinga lokufa lezifo ezithathelana
ngokutheleleka eziningi lehle kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi

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kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa
yokuphucuka kwezindinganiso zokuphila kanye nesimo esingcono

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sokudla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezempilo (ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzekwa
kwamanzi okuphuza nokulahla udoti lwamanzi angcolile),

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izinyathelo eziqondile zokulawula ukutheleleka ezifana
nokuhlukaniswa nokuvalelwa kwabantu uma kuqhuma isifo,

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kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, sebezinciphile
kakhulu ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu.

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Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo wezifo ezithathelana ngomkhovu wehlile
emhlabeni wonke, emazweni athuthukile

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kwezimboni kanye naseJalimane. Lokhu kusebenza
futhi esimweni somkhuhlane we-measles eJalimane.

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Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokwethulwa
komjovo wokugoma i-measles, i-measles yayingasasongeli,

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ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphucuka kwezimo zokuphila.

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Lokhu akusebenza eJalimane kuphela, kodwa nakuzo
zonke izizwe ezicebile ezithuthukile kwezimboni.

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Umbhali nomgxeki wokugoma, uWolfram Klingele, ukufakazela lokhu
ngokuningiliziwe ochungechungeni lwakhe

77
00:06:56,932 --> 00:07:03,249
lwezincwadi eziyisihlanu olubizwa ngokuthi "UkuGoma –
Amaqiniso" esebenzisa izibalo eziningi ezisemthethweni.

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00:07:03,249 --> 00:07:07,990
Uma imijovo yokugoma i-measles yayinayo
imiphumela emihle, impumelelo yezinhlelo zokugoma

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00:07:07,990 --> 00:07:11,564
i-measles nayo bekufanele ibonakale ezibalweni zokufa.

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Lapha ungabona umdwebo ovela ekushicilelweni "Ukuxhaphaka
kokugoma nokuvikelwa komzimba ekuguleni ngumkhuhlane, i-mumps,

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00:07:18,490 --> 00:07:24,032
i-rubella kanye ne-TBE kubafundi bonyaka wesine
eBaden-Württemberg ngo-2008/09" okuvela eHhovisi

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00:07:24,032 --> 00:07:27,812
Lezempilo LikaSifundazwe saseBaden-Württemberg.

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Kubonisa ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu kwezinga lokufa ngenxa
yomkhuhlane we-measles kusukela ngo-1950 kuze

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kuqale ukugoma ekuqaleni kweminyaka
yama-1970 – nokwehla okwengeziwe kuze kube ngu-1989.

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Zinqume wena. Uyabona ukwehla
okusheshayo ngokwethulwa kokugoma ngo-1973?

86
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Siphetha ngesisho esivela kumeli nesazi se-fiziksi uClifford
Miller, ovele ukuthi isimangalo esivame ukuphindwa sokuthi

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00:07:55,205 --> 00:08:01,250
imijovo yokugoma yodwa yehlise izifo ezithathelana
njengomkhuhlane wamabovu emazweni athuthukile kwezimboni

88
00:08:01,250 --> 00:08:05,396
siyindlela ehlakaniphile yokupropaganda yezinkampani zemithi:

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"Ngenxa yokweqisa okunjalo kwezibalo, okwenzeke kaningi,
kwangisobala kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zemithi ngemva

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00:08:13,738 --> 00:08:23,107
kwempi ngeminyaka yama-1950 nama-1960 zazibheka nje izinga
lokwehla ngokushesha kwezifo emhlabeni waseNtshonalanga.

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00:08:23,107 --> 00:08:29,578
Lena kwakuyithuba lokuhweba elizuzisayo lokwethula izinhlelo
zokugoma abantu abaningi. Babengakwazi ukunqoba kuphela.

92
00:08:29,578 --> 00:08:37,426
Istatistiki yezifo eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili ikhombise
ukuthi izinga lokutholakala kwezifo lehle kakhulu futhi lokhu

93
00:08:37,426 --> 00:08:42,190
kwehla kwaqhubeka kusezingeni eliphansi emva konyaka ka-1940.

94
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Kwakufana nokudlala ibhola lezinyawo ehla
entabeni, unomoya onamandla ongakwesemuva –

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ubhekene neqembu elinemilenze eyodwa kuphela.

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Kumele ukuthi bona (izinkampani zemithi)
baqaphele ukuthi imijovo yabo yokugoma

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00:08:52,541 --> 00:08:56,120
izokudunyiswa njengabahlengikazi bomhlaba ekulweni nezifo.

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Kufanele nabo babeqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi othile
athathe isinyathelo ngokushesha okukhulu, leli thuba

99
00:09:02,634 --> 00:09:11,801
belizolahleka, ngoba ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 izinga lokugula
nokufa belizobe selehle kakhulu laya ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

100
00:09:11,801 --> 00:09:17,979
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuthi le ndlela yokupropaganda yemboni
yezidakamizwa – efihlwe abezepolitiki kanye nezindaba – ivezwane

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futhi yaziwe hhayi e-United States kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke!

102
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Ngakho-ke, bhekana nodokotela wakho, iziphathimandla,
amahhovisi, ozakwenu, abangane nabantu obaziyo ngalezi ziqiniso.

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Bhalela umhleli incwadi, isibonelo, uma udaba luphinde
luthi ukugoma kunciphise izifo ezithathelana njengomkhuhlane.