WEBVTT 00:00.976 --> 00:06.718 Ngokungafani namazwe afana neSwitzerland noma iJalimane, lapho ukugoma bekuzithandela iminyaka eminingi, 00:06.718 --> 00:13.691 okungenani kuze kube ngu-2020, zonke izifundazwe e-United States bezinokugoma okuthile okubalulekile ezinganeni. 00:13.691 --> 00:20.080 Ngokwemibiko yezindaba, iFlorida manje isisusa izimfuneko zokugoma izingane ezikoleni zikahulumeni. 00:20.080 --> 00:27.025 "Ngamunye wabo akulungile futhi ugcwele ukudikibala nobugqila," kusho uJoseph Lapado, inhloko 00:27.025 --> 00:31.446 yegunya lezempilo lendawo, ngokwencwadi ethi NZZ . 00:31.446 --> 00:38.148 Lo mkhankaso eFlorida uyingxenye yokuguqulwa kwenqubomgomo jikelele ngaphansi koNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uRobert 00:38.148 --> 00:42.639 F. Kennedy Junior, oqhubeka ekubuza izinzuzo zokugoma. 00:42.639 --> 00:48.947 I-WHO, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwisa isixwayiso ngengozi ekhula yokuqhuma kwemigulo yasendaweni, okubandakanya i-measles nesifo 00:48.947 --> 00:55.857 sokukhwehlela esikhulu, okuthiwa kubangelwa ukwehla kancane kwezinga lokugoma, kuhlanganise eJalimane naseSwitzerland. 00:55.857 --> 01:02.984 Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ngqo kusuka e-United States kuya eYurophu, izinga lokugoma lapha kumele lihlale 01:02.984 --> 01:07.000 liphezulu. Lokhu ukudala ukwesaba akuyona into entsha. 01:07.000 --> 01:12.405 Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi edlule, isibonelo, iphephabhuku lezindaba iDer Spiegel libike: "Umkhuhlane 01:12.405 --> 01:17.360 wama-measles wawungomunye wezifo ezazisesabeka kakhulu futhi ezibulalayo emhlabeni." 01:17.360 --> 01:23.113 Kwabe sekuza ukugoma, kwathi ukwesaba kwalesi sifo esacatshangwa ukuthi siyisifo sobuntwana kwasala. 01:23.113 --> 01:27.491 Manje amagciwane ayasabalala futhi eJalimane – njengomphumela wokubambezeleka kokukhathala ngemijovo 01:27.491 --> 01:30.913 yokugoma nokusabalala kolwazi olungelona iqiniso. 01:30.913 --> 01:37.041 Ngokwencwadi ye-NZZ ecashunwe ekuqaleni, "indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nemibono engenasisekelo 01:37.041 --> 01:41.661 yokuphikisa imijovo ukufundiswa ngokwethembeka". 01:41.661 --> 01:48.234 I-Kla.TV iveze ezinhlelweni eziningi ukuthi okubizwa ngabezindaba eziyinhloko – okuhlanganisa i-NZZ – cishe abasoze 01:48.234 --> 01:52.526 banikeze ulwazi oluqotho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokugoma. 01:52.526 --> 01:59.797 Kla.TV yasungulwa ngoba lezi ziteshi zezindaba sezihluleka kakhulu emsebenzini wazo wokunikeza imibiko ezimele. 01:59.797 --> 02:04.068 Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Kla.TV ihlolisise lolu daba ngawe: 02:04.068 --> 02:08.391 Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi imijovo yokugoma i-measles isivele yasindisa izigidi zabantu 02:08.391 --> 02:11.511 emhlabeni wonke ekuguleni okukhulu nasekufeni? 02:11.511 --> 02:18.668 Ingabe ngempela kungenxa yokugoma ukuthi izifo ezithathelana njengemvukuzane sezingenasongo namuhla? 02:18.668 --> 02:23.626 Ake sibheke izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane wama-measles eminyakeni engu-130 edlule. 02:23.626 --> 02:29.602 Kuwebhusayithi ye-CDC , imibhalo yomlando ikhombisa izinga lokufa ngezimbangela ezahlukene zokufa kusukela ngo-1880. 02:29.602 --> 02:35.016 Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga lokufa ngomkhuhlane wama-measles lalingama-41.4 ukufa kwabantu abangama-100 000. 02:35.016 --> 02:37.858 Idatha ibhekisela ePrussia ngaleso sikhathi. 02:37.858 --> 02:44.140 Ngo-1890, izinga lokufa lehle kancane laya ku-40.6 ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-100,000. 02:44.140 --> 02:47.499 Emuva kweminyaka eyishumi, izinga lokufa lashintsha phakathi kokufa okungu-23 no-31 02:47.499 --> 02:49.763 kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-100,000. 02:49.763 --> 02:54.635 Ngokuphelele, lokho kwakungaphezu kuka-10 000 ukufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles 02:54.635 --> 02:58.105 minyaka yonke. Masibheke izinombolo zakamuva. 02:58.105 --> 03:02.677 Imibhalo ye-BGA yango-1994 ikhomba izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane wama-measles 03:02.677 --> 03:06.696 eminyakeni engu-1924 kuya ku-1938 eReich yaseJalimane. 03:06.696 --> 03:13.871 Ngo-1925, abantu abayishumi nanye kwabangu-100 000 bashona ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles, ngo-1930 kwashona abangu-4.6 kuphela, 03:13.871 --> 03:18.364 kanti ngo-1935 kwashona abangu-2.5 kuphela kwabangu-100 000. 03:18.364 --> 03:23.996 Idatha yezwe leRiphabhulikhi Yezwe LaseJalimane iyatholakala kusukela ngo-1950 kuqhubeke. Ngonyaka lowo, kwabantu abayizi-100 03:23.996 --> 03:26.676 000, abangu-0.8 basashona ngenxa yokugula ngumkhuhlane wamakhowe. 03:26.676 --> 03:33.369 Ngo-1960, kwakungu-0.29 kuphela, kanti ngo-1970, kwakungu-0.13 kuphela. 03:33.369 --> 03:38.697 0.13 kwabangu-100 000 kungaphansi kwelinye kwangu-300 lwenzalo yokufa ngonyaka ka-1880, 03:38.697 --> 03:43.169 eyayingu-40 nangaphezulu kwabangu-100 000 ngaleso sikhathi. 03:43.169 --> 03:47.585 Noma, ngenye indlela yokusho: ngo-1970, abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000 bashona ngenxa yomkhuhlane 03:47.585 --> 03:51.205 we-measles eJalimane, kodwa kwashona abangu-79 kuphela. 03:51.205 --> 03:58.804 Ngamanye amazwi, ukufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles eJalimane kwehle cishe ngo-99.7% phakathi 03:58.804 --> 04:03.380 kuka-1880 no-1970 – ngaphandle kokugoma nhlobo! 04:03.380 --> 04:09.078 Kwaze kwaba ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 lapho imijovo yokuqala yokugoma i-measles yafakwa eJalimane. 04:09.078 --> 04:14.207 Isitatimende esicashunwe ekuqaleni kwale ndatshana evela ku-Der Spiegel, esithi ukugoma kuyimbangela yokwehla 04:14.207 --> 04:17.827 kwezifo ze-measles, ngakho-ke ngokusobala kuyinkohliso. 04:17.827 --> 04:25.453 Ngo-1962, kubonakala sengathi umkhuhlane wama-measles wawungasabi lutho kangangokuba uSekela Mongameli weHhovisi Lezempilo 04:25.453 --> 04:33.483 Likazwelonke noMongameli weRobert Koch Institute, uProfesa Georg Henneberg, wabhala kuGazethi Yezempilo Likazwelonke: 04:33.483 --> 04:41.695 Ukuqhushunjelwa i-measles okwamanje akukhuthazeki ngoba i-measles iyingozi kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile ezingelashwa 04:41.695 --> 04:47.398 ngokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ngobuningi akusekho isidingo. 04:47.398 --> 04:53.242 Nokho, iJalimane yaqala ukugoma i-measles ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970. 04:53.242 --> 04:59.696 Profesa Henneberg, manje eseyilungu le-STIKO, kubonakala sengathi wayefuna ukuzihlukanisa nokuhlaziywa kwakhe, futhi, 04:59.696 --> 05:03.980 kanye namanye amalungu e-STIKO, wavuma isincomo sokugoma. 05:03.980 --> 05:09.113 Umbhali walolu hlelo wabuza eMnyangweni Kazwelonke Wezempilo (BMG). 05:09.113 --> 05:15.227 "Yiluphi ulwazi iMnyango Kazwelonke Wezempilo elinalo mayelana nezizathu zokwehla ngo-99% kokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles 05:15.227 --> 05:18.861 – ngisho nangaphambi kokwethulwa komjovo wokugoma i-measles?" 05:18.861 --> 05:27.098 I-BMG ithi: "Kuphela ngezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu lapho kube nokuthuthuka okukhulu emhlabeni wonke ekulweni nesifo sokugula." 05:27.098 --> 05:40.592 Ngokwe-WHO, inani lokufa ngenxa ye-measles lehle ngo-84% phakathi konyaka ka-2000 no-2016, lisuka ku-550,000 laya ku-89,780. 05:40.592 --> 05:46.441 Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imijovo yokugoma i-measles ivimbele cishe izigidi ezingama-20.4 zokufa. 05:46.441 --> 05:53.619 Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-BMG yaphinda iphinda ipropaganda evamile yomkhakha wezokwelapha, kodwa ayizange iphendule 05:53.619 --> 06:01.477 umbuzo obuzwayo. Ngakho-ke umbhali wohlelo waqhubeka ecindezela, lapho-ke uMnyango Kazwelonke Wezempilo wavuma: 06:01.477 --> 06:06.422 "Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinga lokufa lezifo ezithathelana ngokutheleleka eziningi lehle kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi 06:06.422 --> 06:11.902 kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphucuka kwezindinganiso zokuphila kanye nesimo esingcono 06:11.902 --> 06:17.069 sokudla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezempilo (ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuphuza nokulahla udoti lwamanzi angcolile), 06:17.069 --> 06:21.925 izinyathelo eziqondile zokulawula ukutheleleka ezifana nokuhlukaniswa nokuvalelwa kwabantu uma kuqhuma isifo, 06:21.925 --> 06:27.862 kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, sebezinciphile kakhulu ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokugoma ezinkulu. 06:27.862 --> 06:32.787 Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo wezifo ezithathelana ngomkhovu wehlile emhlabeni wonke, emazweni athuthukile 06:32.787 --> 06:38.657 kwezimboni kanye naseJalimane. Lokhu kusebenza futhi esimweni somkhuhlane we-measles eJalimane. 06:38.657 --> 06:44.497 Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokwethulwa komjovo wokugoma i-measles, i-measles yayingasasongeli, 06:44.497 --> 06:48.091 ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphucuka kwezimo zokuphila. 06:48.091 --> 06:52.375 Lokhu akusebenza eJalimane kuphela, kodwa nakuzo zonke izizwe ezicebile ezithuthukile kwezimboni. 06:52.375 --> 06:56.932 Umbhali nomgxeki wokugoma, uWolfram Klingele, ukufakazela lokhu ngokuningiliziwe ochungechungeni lwakhe 06:56.932 --> 07:03.249 lwezincwadi eziyisihlanu olubizwa ngokuthi "UkuGoma – Amaqiniso" esebenzisa izibalo eziningi ezisemthethweni. 07:03.249 --> 07:07.990 Uma imijovo yokugoma i-measles yayinayo imiphumela emihle, impumelelo yezinhlelo zokugoma 07:07.990 --> 07:11.564 i-measles nayo bekufanele ibonakale ezibalweni zokufa. 07:11.564 --> 07:18.490 Lapha ungabona umdwebo ovela ekushicilelweni "Ukuxhaphaka kokugoma nokuvikelwa komzimba ekuguleni ngumkhuhlane, i-mumps, 07:18.490 --> 07:24.032 i-rubella kanye ne-TBE kubafundi bonyaka wesine eBaden-Württemberg ngo-2008/09" okuvela eHhovisi 07:24.032 --> 07:27.812 Lezempilo LikaSifundazwe saseBaden-Württemberg. 07:27.812 --> 07:33.711 Kubonisa ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu kwezinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-measles kusukela ngo-1950 kuze 07:33.711 --> 07:39.804 kuqale ukugoma ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 – nokwehla okwengeziwe kuze kube ngu-1989. 07:39.804 --> 07:48.481 Zinqume wena. Uyabona ukwehla okusheshayo ngokwethulwa kokugoma ngo-1973? 07:48.481 --> 07:55.205 Siphetha ngesisho esivela kumeli nesazi se-fiziksi uClifford Miller, ovele ukuthi isimangalo esivame ukuphindwa sokuthi 07:55.205 --> 08:01.250 imijovo yokugoma yodwa yehlise izifo ezithathelana njengomkhuhlane wamabovu emazweni athuthukile kwezimboni 08:01.250 --> 08:05.396 siyindlela ehlakaniphile yokupropaganda yezinkampani zemithi: 08:05.396 --> 08:13.738 "Ngenxa yokweqisa okunjalo kwezibalo, okwenzeke kaningi, kwangisobala kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zemithi ngemva 08:13.738 --> 08:23.107 kwempi ngeminyaka yama-1950 nama-1960 zazibheka nje izinga lokwehla ngokushesha kwezifo emhlabeni waseNtshonalanga. 08:23.107 --> 08:29.578 Lena kwakuyithuba lokuhweba elizuzisayo lokwethula izinhlelo zokugoma abantu abaningi. Babengakwazi ukunqoba kuphela. 08:29.578 --> 08:37.426 Istatistiki yezifo eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili ikhombise ukuthi izinga lokutholakala kwezifo lehle kakhulu futhi lokhu 08:37.426 --> 08:42.190 kwehla kwaqhubeka kusezingeni eliphansi emva konyaka ka-1940. 08:42.190 --> 08:45.839 Kwakufana nokudlala ibhola lezinyawo ehla entabeni, unomoya onamandla ongakwesemuva – 08:45.839 --> 08:48.448 ubhekene neqembu elinemilenze eyodwa kuphela. 08:48.448 --> 08:52.541 Kumele ukuthi bona (izinkampani zemithi) baqaphele ukuthi imijovo yabo yokugoma 08:52.541 --> 08:56.120 izokudunyiswa njengabahlengikazi bomhlaba ekulweni nezifo. 08:56.120 --> 09:02.634 Kufanele nabo babeqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi othile athathe isinyathelo ngokushesha okukhulu, leli thuba 09:02.634 --> 09:11.801 belizolahleka, ngoba ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 izinga lokugula nokufa belizobe selehle kakhulu laya ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. 09:11.801 --> 09:17.979 Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuthi le ndlela yokupropaganda yemboni yezidakamizwa – efihlwe abezepolitiki kanye nezindaba – ivezwane 09:17.979 --> 09:22.330 futhi yaziwe hhayi e-United States kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke! 09:22.330 --> 09:30.403 Ngakho-ke, bhekana nodokotela wakho, iziphathimandla, amahhovisi, ozakwenu, abangane nabantu obaziyo ngalezi ziqiniso. 09:30.403 --> 09:38.690 Bhalela umhleli incwadi, isibonelo, uma udaba luphinde luthi ukugoma kunciphise izifo ezithathelana njengomkhuhlane.